4v,

OCRP€NECOGNISING ACHIEVEMINI

OXFORDCAMBRIDGE ANDRSAEXAMINATIONS
AdvancedSubsidiaryGCE
PHYSTCS (B) (ADVANCTNG
PHYSTCS) 2860
in Action
Physics
Friday 10 JUNE 2005 Morning t hour30 minutes

Candidates answeron thequestionpaper.

Additional
materials:
Data,Formulae and RelationshipsBooklet
Electroniccalculator
Ruler(cm/mm)

Candidate
Name
Candidate CentreNumber Number

t-T-lt-t
TIME t hour30 minutes

TO CANDIDATES
INSTRUCTIONS
Writeyournamein the spaceabove.
WriteyourCentrenumberand Candidatenumberin the boxesabove.
Answerall the questions.
Writeyouranswersin the spacesprovidedon the questionpaper.
Readeachquestioncarefullyand makesureyou knowwhat you haveto do beforestartingyour
answer.
and give answersto only a justifiablenumberof
Showclearlythe workingin all calculations
figures.
significant

FORCANDIDATES
INFORMATION
o Youare advisedto spendabout20 minuteson SectionA, 40 minuteson SectionB and30 minutes
on SectionC.
a The numberof marksis givenin brackets[ ] at the end of eachquestionor partquestion.
a Thereare four marksfor the qualityof writtencommunication in
SectionC. FOREXAMINER'S USE

Thevaluesof standardphysicalconstantsare givenin the Data, Section Max. Mark

Formulaeand RelationshipsBooklet.Any additionaldata
A 20
requiredare givenin the appropriate
question.
B 39

c 31

TOTAL 90

This questionpaperconsistsof 19 printedpagesand 1 blankpage.

sP (sLM/SLM)
S72s35/6
@ocR 2005[Rn00/3706] CharityNumber:1066969
Registered flurn over
 2

Answerall thequestions.

SectionA

units.
Hereis a listof electrical

As cs-l Js-l J C-l VA-1

Choosethe correctunitfor

(a) electriccurrent

(b) resistance

(c) potentialdifference.

Fig.2.1showsan oscilloscope of a puresound.

traceof a recording
The signaltraceis sampledat regulartimeintervalsin orderto digitiseit.

*
iSillJ"

time

Fig.2.1

usingthe samplepoints.
A smoothanaloguesignalis reconstructed

signalon Fig.2.1.
(a) Sketchthe reconstructed l1l
signal,comparedto the
(b) Describea differencein the soundcreatedby the reconstructed
originalsound.

t1l
signalmorelike
(c) Suggesthowthe samplingcouldbe alteredto producea reconstructed
the originaltrace.

t1l
 3 For
Exaninefs
Use
3 Thisquestionis aboutselecting
materials
for sportsequipment.

Fig.3.1 shows,on a plotof theYoungmodulusagainstdensity,

rangesof valuesfor different
classesof material.

1000

ffi
:a^,
,Vl I llJvgllgi

\-& *----ffi

ffiW
iiiirs$s"\s:l
100
woooarlo
woodproducts

10
\l^- \

I
Youngmodulus/ \
metals
GPa and alloys
)

'polymers

0.1

| " "l'/l-
r',,,,,) rubbers
t()ams
0 .0 1
100 300 1000 3000 10000 30000
density/kg
m-3

Fig.3.1

(a) Foamsare usedforfillinglandingmatsfor highjumpers.

Explainthischoiceof materialusinginformation
fromFig.3.1.

I2l
(b) Somesportsracketsare nowmadeof a compositematerialratherthanof metal.

Suggestandexplaina reasonforthischangeusinginformation
fromFig.3.1.

tzl
[Turnover
 For
4 Examiner's
Use
filmare spacedabout12pmapart.
(a) The grainsin a photographic
Onepicturetakesup an areaof filmthatis 35mm x 25mm.

Showthatthe numberof grainsmakingup onepictureis about6 x 106.

l2l
(b) Each grain is either exposedor not and can thereforebe digitisedas 1 bit of
either1 or 0.
information,

A CD can storeabout650 Mbytesof information.

Calculatethe numberof thesepicturesthatcan be storedon the CD.

= ..............
of pictur es
number ..........." ..'t2l

Fig.5.1showsan aluminiumconductor chip..

on the surfaceof a computer
areaA=2.0x 1g-1062
It hasa cross-sectional = x
anda lengthL 8.5 104m.

o of aluminium= 3.8x 107Sm-1

conductivity

G of thisconductor.
Calculatethe conductance

Fig.5.1
 5 Fu
Examinefs
Use
6 Fig.6.1showsthe microstructure
on the surfaceof a brassspecimen.

Fig.6.1

The polycrystalline
grainstructureof the brasscan be seen.

Explainthe meaningof the lermpolycrystalline.

I2l

An ionbeamdeliversa chargeof 60nC duringa timeof 30s.

(a) Calculatethe currentcarriedby the beam.

= .............
cur r ent ...........nA
[1]
(b) Calculate
the numberof ionspassingpersecond.

chargeon eachion = 1.6x 1o-1eO

[SectionA Total:20]
[Turnover
 6

Section B

I This questionis abouta sensingsystemto monitorthe oil-levelin a domesticoil tank.

Fig.8.1showsa cylindricaltank
of oil.

floatmovespotentiometer
slider

3.0v
to digital
sampler

Fig.8.1 Fig.8.2

Fig.8.2showsthe circuitdiagramof the sensor.Thefloatrisingandfallingwiththe oil-level,

movesthe potentiometer is linear.Thevoltmeterreads0.0V when
slider.The potentiometer
the tankis emptyand3.0V whenit is full.

(a) (i) Thevoltagefromthe sensoris sampleddigitallyusinga 3 bitsample.

by a 3 bit sample.
Showclearlythat I distinctlevelscan be represented

l1I
by a 3 bit sample
(ii) Showthatthe smallestchangein voltagethatcan be represented
in this systemis about0.4V.

sendsa signalfromthe sensorto a receiverin the house.

(b) A radiotransmitter
The wavelengthof the signalis 0.68m.

of thisradiosignal.
thefrequency
Calculate
waves c = 3.0 x 108m s-l
speedof electromagnetic
 7 Fu
Exaniner's
Use
(c) Theoiltankin Fig.8.1is a horizontalcylinder
holding1200litreswhenfull.

(i) Statethe readingon the voltmeterwhenthe volumeof oil in the tank is 600 litres.

reading E .............
on thevoltmeter .............V
[1]
(ii) The sensorcircuitusesa very high resistancevoltmeter.
Explainwhythisis necessary
to maintainlinearity.

l2l
(d) The graphsA, B, C and D in Fig. 8.3 showhowthe voltmeterreadingfromthe linear
potential
dividerin Fig.8.2varieswithanotherquantityx (x-axis).

Fig.8.3

Choosethe graphthatbestrepresentshowthe readingon the voltmetervarieswith

(i) the depth of oil in the tank(x-axis) .......t1

l
(ii) the volumeof oil in thetank(x-axis). .......11
I
[Total:9]

[Turnover
 For
8 mln
Use
I A solarcell is beingtestedas a sourceof electricalpower.

(a) The sotarcell is connectedin a circuii\uitha loadresistor,an ammeterand a voltmeter

in orderto measureits poweroutput.

Completethe circuitdiagramFig.9;1 to showthe ammeterand the voltmetercorrectly

connectedintothe circuit.

I
'"H
so,arce'A

f'oadresstor
Fig.9.1
I2l
the solarcell from an extendedlight
for illuminating
(b) Fig.9.2 showsthe arrangement
source.

extendedlight source

converging
lens
\
..ar...\ d = variabledistance

solarcell...

Fig.9.2

The distanced is variedby movingthe solarcelltowardsor awayfromthe converging

of illumination.
lens,to alterthe intensity
 I Fu
Examiner's
Use
Fig.9.3 givesa graphof the currentdeliveredby the solarcellplottedagainstdistanced.

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
current/
mA 0 .8
0 .6
0 .4
0 .2
0
0.1 0.2 0.3
dlm

Fig.9.3

shownin Fig.9.2,explainwhy the currentvarieswith d as

(i) For the arrangement
shownin Fig.9.3.

l2l

(ii) Calculate
the maximumpowerdissipated
by a loadresistorof 1104.

m a x i m u mp o w e rE . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...........W
[2]

Question 9 is continued over the page.

[Turnover
 10 Fw
Examinels
Use
(c) Fig. 9.4 shows two wavefrontsfrom point P on the extendedlight source heading
towardsthe lens.

extendedlightsource

u = - 0.25m

convergrng
lens

d = O.2Om

Fig,9.4

On Fig. 9.4, drawthe sametwo wavefrontsto showtheircurvatureand spacingafter

passingthroughthe converginglens. I2l

enteringthe lensin Fig.9.4 is -4.0 D.

(d) (i) The curvatureof wavefronts
Calculatethe curvatureof wavefrontsleavingthe lens,whend = 0.20m.

E ..............
cur vaturleaving
e ........... .......D

(ii) Calculatethe curvatureaddedby the lens,andthe focallengthof the lens.

f o c a l e n g t hE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................m
t3l
[Total :'11]
 11

BLANK PAGE

[Turnover
 12
-Tfris
1O questionis aboutthe behaviourof a metalalloy.
Fig. 10.1showsthe stressagainststraingraphsto breakingpointfor samplesof a pure
metaland one of its alloys.

1.2

1.0

0 .8

stress/GPa 0.6

0.4

0 .2

0 .0
0.00 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.10
strain

F i g .1 0 . 1

(a) (i) Use data from Fig. 10.1to calculatethe Youngmodulusof the pure metal.
Make your method clear.

E ..............
Youngmodulus ........GPa
[3]

(ii) Explainhow the graphsshowthat the alloyis stifferand strongerbut less ductile
thanthe puremetal.

stiffer

stronger

lessductile

t3l
 13 For
Exaninels
Uge
are madefromthisalloyratherthanthe pure
(b) Girdersto supportthe floorsin buildings
metal.

Suggestwhy the propertiesof this alloymakeit moresuitablethan the pure metalfor

girders.

t1l
of the puremetalis shownin Fig.10.2.
(c) The microstructure

alloying
atom

puremetal alloy

Fig.10.2 Fig. 10.3

is shownin Fig.10.3.
Thealloymicrostructure
The alloyingmetal atoms randomlyreplacea few of the host metal atoms in the
Thealloyingatomsaresmallerthanthe hostatoms.
structure.

Use the information to suggestand explainwhy the

aboveaboutthe microstructures,
alloyis lessductilethanthe puremetal.

Itt
[Total:10]

[Turnover
 14 For
Exaninefs
Use
1 1 Fig. 11.1and 11.2showimagescapturedby camerasaboardthe MarsGlobalSurveyor
satellite.
Fig.11.1showsthe140km-wideHoldenCrater.
usinga much
Fig. 11.2 showsthe regionindicatedinsideHoldenCraterphotographed
higherresolution
camera.

.<-275pixels --250 pixels------>

Fig.11.1(lowresolution) Fig.11.2(highresolution)

(a) (i) Estimate of theimageshownin Fig.11.1.

the resolution

E .............
resolution m pixel-l [2]

(ii) Estimatethe ratio

of Fig.11.1
resolution
of Fig.11.2
resolution

r atio= ..............t11

of thisimagingsystemcould
(iii) Suggestandexplainone wayin whichthe resolution
be improved.

tzl
 15 Fu
Exaniner's
Use
(b) The imagesshownin Fig.11.1and 11.2havebeenprocessed
to reducenoise.

(i) Statewhatis meantby noisein an image.

t1l
(ii) Explainhowsomeof the pixelvaluescouldhavebeenalteredto reducethe noise.

l1I
(c) Physicistsanalysingthe imageare tryingto findthe shapeof an impactcrater.
Fig.11.3showsa magnified imageof the smallimpactcraterindicated in Fig.11.1.The
craterwallcastsa shadowinsidethe impactcrater.

sunlight

2.5km longshadow
shadowinsidesmallimpactcrater

F i g .1 1 . 3 Fig.11.4

causingthe shadowabout2.5km long,

TheSunis at an angle30" abovethe horizontal
a s s ho w ni n F i g .1 1 .4 .

Estimatethe heighth of the craterrim abovethe craterfloor,makingyourmethodclear.

h = m [2]

[Total:9]

[SectionB Total:39]

[Turnover
 For
16 Examiner's
Use
SectionC

ln thissection,youwill choosethe contextin whichyougiveyouranswers.

Usediagramsto helpyourexplanations andtakeparticularcarewithyourwrittenEnglish.In this

for
section,fourmarksare available the qualityof writtencommunication.

of signaltransmission.
youareaskedto chooseanddiscussan application
12 In thisquestion,

(a) State your exampleof signal transmissionand give an exampleof the kind of
thatcouldbe carried.
information

..............
of signaltransmission
example

information
carried ....."'.......t11

(b) (i) Explainthe differencebetweenthe speedof transmissionof a signalandthe rate

of informationtransferfor yourchosenexample.

I2l
systemstransmitinformationby digital ratherthan
(ii) Moderncommunications
analoguesignals.

Explainthe differencebetweendigitaland analoguesignals,usingsketchgraphsto

illustrateyouranswer.

t3l
 17 Fu
Exaninels
Use
of your signaltransmissionsystemto
(c) Discussthe advantagesand/ordisadvantages
society.

t3l
(d) An experimentaldigital fibre optic communications link has achieveda data
transmission rateof 10.2x 1012bit
s-1.
carries256 channelseachusinga differentwavelength
The opticalfibresimultaneously
acrossthe infraredandvisiblespectrum.

(i) Calculate ratefor onechannel.

the datatransmission

rate= ..bits-1 [1]

(ii) Hencecalculatethe time betweensuccessivebits of informationreceivedon one

channel.

tim e = .........s
[1]
(iii) The informationin a typicaldigitised signalconsistsof 8 bitspersample
telephone
takenat a rateof 8000samplesper second.

telephonesignalscouldbe carriedby
Showthat about160 millionsimultaneous
thefibreopticlink.

I2l
[Total:13]

[Turnover
 18 For
Examinels
Use
13 Youare askedto describeaspectsof an experimentto measurethe refractiveindexn of a
materialsuchas glass.

(a) A formuladefiningthe refractiveindexis

n = s l ni
sln r
wherei = angl€of incidenceand r = or'tgl€of refraction.

Fig. 13.1showsa rayof lightbeingrefractedby an airlglasssurface.

Fi9.13.1

Drawthe normalto the airlglasssurfaceat the pointof entryof the ray.

lndicateclearlythe anglesi and r. I2l
of the apparatusyouwoulduse
(b) (i) Drawa labelleddiagramto showthe arrangement
to measuren for glass.
 19 For
Exaninels
Use
proceduremakingit clearwhat you wouldvary,what
(ii) Describeyourexperimental
measurementsyouwouldtake,and howyouwouldmakethem.

I5l
(c) Fora particularglassblock,a studenttakesthe followingpairof measurements.

I r n
8 0 0t 1 " 42"+ 1"

Calculatethe refractiveindex.
in thevalue.
Givean estimateof the uncertainty
Showhowyouworkout youranswers.

t4l
Question13 is continuedover the page.

2860 Jun05 [Turnover

 20 For
Exaninefs
Use
(d) Anotherstudenttakesreadingsthat allowhimto plotthe followinggraph.

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

sini 0.5

0.4

0.3

o.2

0.1

0.0
o.4
sinr

Fig.13.2

(i) Drawthe lineof bestfit on Fig.13.2. t1l

(ii) Useyourlineto calculatethe valueof the refractiveindexn.

indexn = ..............
refractive ................t21
[Total:14]
of Written
[Quality Communication:4]
[SectionC Total:31]
ENDOF QUESTION
PAPEB
Copy right Ack nowIedgemenE :
Q.l 1 Fig. 11.1, 11.2 & 11.3 @ NASuPUMalin SpaceScienceSystems.
OCR has made every €tlort to trace the copyright holders of items used in this Ouestion paper, but if we have inadvertentlyoverlookedany, we apologise
2860Jun05