- !

GEORGEC.

U N
MPR-SAT-FE-73-1 FEBRUARY
28, 1973
S LIUMCH N'73-33922
REPOR_-ES-512
295 p HC
CSCL 22C OncLa$
G3/30 198_5

SATURN
V LAUNCH
VEHICLE

FLIGHT
EVALUATION
REPORT-AS-512
APOLLO
17MISSION

....'.- ' " '_V

/Io _.._ ,; .. "
iviO-iL

PmEPARED
BY

_TUH FLEHT_ALUATIOHWORKIHGGROUP

:L'r_C - F,_¢'¢ "'J ,'Rev Ocf :_,er |';;'bT)

 6EOKE C.HA|SHALLSPACEFLI6HTCENTE|

MPR-SAT-FE-73-1 FEBRUARY 28, 1973

SATURN
V LAUNCH
VEHICLE

FLIGHT
EVALUATION
REPORT-
AS-512
APOLLO
17MISSION

PlgAlll BY

_11iJllflFLINT EVALUATION
WOIIKIN STOUP

L
 MPR-SAT-FE-73-I

SATU_¢ V LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT - AS-512

APOLLO 17 MISSION

BY

Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

ABSTRACT

Saturn V AS-512 (Apollo 17 Mission) was launched at 00:33:00 Eastern

Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, from Kennedy Space Center,
Complex 39, Pad A. The vehicle lifted off on a launch azimuth of
90 degrees east of north and rolled to a flight azimuth of 91.504
degrees east of north. The launch vehicle successfully placed the
manne_ spacecraft in the planned translunar coast mode. The S-IVB/
I_ impacted the lunar surface within the planned target area.

This was the third Apollo Mission to employ the Lunar Roving Vehicle
(LRV) during Extravehicular Activity (EVA). The performance of the
LRV was satisfactory and, as on Apollo 15 and 16 Missions, resulted in
a significant increase in lunar exploration capability relative to
the lunar exploration missions made without the LRV. The average
distance traversed with the LRV on the last three Apollo Missions
was approximate]y 30 kilometers, where the average distance traversed
on the three Missions without the LRV was approximately 3 kilometers.
The total distance traveled on the lunar surface with the LRV on this
Mission was 35.7 kilometers (17 miles).

All launch vehicle Mandatory and Desirable Objectives were acco_lished

except the precise determination of the lunar in_act point. It is
expected t_at this will be accon_}llshedat a later date. No failures
or anomalies occurred that seriously affected the mission.

Any questions or comments pertaining to the information contained in

this report are invited and should be directed to:

Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

Huntsville, Alabama 35812
Attention: Chairman, Saturn Flight Evaluation Working
Group, SAT-E (Phone 205-453-1030)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS tf! 4.2.2 Park|nq Orbit Phase 4-2

4.2.3 In_ectlon Phase 4-2
L|ST OF ,'LLUSTflATIOflS vii
4.2.4 Early Translunar Orbit Phase 4-9
LIST OF TABLES J|
SECTION S - S-IC P_OPULSI_
aC_J_OWL£_EMENT x 11I
5.1 S_q_ry S- 1
AeM£YI&T IONS xlv
S.2 3-|C Ignition Transient 5-1
MISSION PLAN xvllI
Per fofmance
FLIGHT _RV xxt
5.3 $-_C P_lln_lge Pe.rfocg_nce S-4
NISSION O_£CTIV(S ACCOPWI.ISIMEIIT xxvtll
5.4 S-:C £n_tme Sbutdotm 5-7
FAILUA(S _0 A_LIES xxvtx Transient Per for_r_e
5.5 S-IC Staqe Propellant ._°7
SECTION I - INTRODUCTION
/_i_g_ment
1. ] %rpose 1-1
5.6 S-IC Pressurization Systems 5.-7
1.2 Scape ]-1 5.6.1 S-:C _'_xelIlYessurtzetIon 5.7
Sys_e_
S£CTIOfl 2 - EVENT TI_IES 5.5.2 S-IC LOX Pressur]zatton 5-8
3_ste_
2.1 _ry of Events 2-1
5.7 3-IC _tlc Control 5-9
2.2 Yet|able Ti_ and C_ 2-2
Pressure Systlm
Switch Selector Events
5.8 $-IC Purge $.v'stl_S _,'_
S(CTION ) - LAUNCH OP(RATI011S 5.9 S-IC POGO Suppression S-i0
3. I Summary 3-1 Sys_m
3.2 Pre] eunch _t teStS 3-1 5.10 3-IC H_lr_ulSc S}_tem S-|I
3.2.1 S-IC Stage 3-1
3.2.2 S-IX Stage 3-3 SICTION 6 - $-II PROPULSION
3.2.3 S-iYB Stage 3-3
6.1 _mmlry 6-I
3.2.4 IU Sr.aqe 3...4
6.2 S-II Chtlldoun aml il_llclh_ 6-I
3.3 Ten, hal Coun_leum 3-4
Trans 4t_nt Peqr'f'omnce
3.4 Pro_l 1ant Loads ng 3-8 6.3 3-II Mafnst_je Perfor_nce 608
3.4.1 RP-I Loadtng 3-8
3.4.Z LOX Loading 3-8 5.4 S-IX Shutdomm Transient 6-10
3.4.3 LH2 Londt ng 3-9 Perfomnce
3.5 Ground Support Equtmunt 3-9 6.S S-IX Stage Prol_Tlant (w11
3.5.1 Ground/Vehicle I nt4rface 3-9 Iq_nagement System
3.S.2 MSFC Fur_tshed Grmmd Suitors 3-10
6.i S-IX Pressuriza;lon System 6-13
[_t_wnt 5.5.1 S.-II Fuel Pressurlzatto_ 6013
System
SICTION 4 - TRAJ(CT0rt 5.6.2 S.-II LOX Pressurization 6-16
4.1 Suimry 41-,I System
4.2 TrIJector_ Ira|rattan 4-1 6.7 S-If Pneu_ttc C_trol 6-17
4.2.1 Ascent Phase 4-1 Pressur_ System

iii
i"
t-
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

P_ Paqe

6.S S+I! _11up |njectlon 6-17 8.2,2 een_ tnq ._ent s 8-3
5_ tern _).2.3 Y_tc)e Oy_)mtc C_aracter*sttcs 8-3
8.2.3.1 L0ngit_li_l 0yna_+c 8-3
6.9 Suooress ton 6-19
C_lr+cCer+5C_c5
System
6.2.4 Vlbra_.iO_ 8-6
6.10 $-II Mydriu14 c 6-19
8.3 5-_! _ L_mi_n_ _actuo 8-8
System
Cutoff System
SECTI_ 7 - $-1V8 Pg_)P_L$IO_
SECTI(_J 9 - GUIDk_CE A_O _VlG_TlOlq
7.1 Su_ry 7- I
9.1 S_m_ ry 9-1
7.2 S-frO Chllldove and Bvtldup 7-2
9.2 _ tcM_Ce C_lr| so_s 9-|
:rftnSJ_qg. PPrfn_'Pin_e for
r|_st _rn 9.3 _av,qa_lon an4 6uid4l_e Scheme %7
[v4 _ua( <o_
7.) S-IV8 Patn$t4.ne Perfo_m4_e 7-2
9._.1 ¥ir_able Liunch _Zimuth <)-7
for First _urn
9.3.Z _(rs_ _t Period 9-7
7.4 S-IVg ShoL4ovn Transient 7-6 9.3.3 Ear_ Parktr_3 Orbit 9-12
P_rfOrm_r.ce for First 6urn 9.J.4 _tCOP_ BOOSt Per_d _-14
9.3.S Po_t-TL I Pt,+-t<xl 9-16
7.S _-IV8 Park_n_ Orbit Co4st 7-6
P_Jse Con<It t _ n_ 9.4 ._3vigatton an4 _td_ce System 9-16
7.6 Co_oor_nt$
$-.'V8 Chi11(_own and RvJldu_ 7-9
9.4.1 ST-/Z4_ Scai_ilfz_ PtdtfOn_ 9-_6
TranSI_nt Perfc.rm4_e for
Se¢ond _r. S vsten
9.4.Z _ance Comout er _*17
7.7 5-1V6 _alss:age Performince 7-12
for SeCoflC[ Burn S,ECTIOII :0 - COJPITII_L _r_ S_PI_KATIOII
7.B 5-1V_ _vtee_m Transient 7-12 10. ! _,mar y 10-1
Perfor_a_¢e for Se¢on4 llur_
10.2 S*IC Control System (vilvatlO_ 10-1
7.9 S-IV8 5tlet Pro_llant 7-12 10.2.1 Ltftoff 10-1
_n_aement 10.2.2 Inflt9_t Dynamics 10-I
7, tO S-lY8 Pr4Pssuetza_ton System 7-75 _0.3 $-ZI Cemt._ol ._ysCem [++l_tton 10-6
7.10.1 5-IY8 Fuel Pressurtzattcm 7-15
10.4 S-IY8 Control Syste_ (v41u4tlem 10-7
S_s_ea
70.4.1 Control $+vstm Evatvl¢fon 10-7
7.10.2 5-I¥8 LOI I_essurlZattem 7-16
_rin9 Ftrst _urn
5_te_
10o4.Z Control SyStel [vll_tton I0-1I
7.11 S-IY8 Pm_vm_tt¢ Control 7-11 Ovrin 9 Parkin_ Orbit
_ressure $75t_ 90.4.3 £emZrol System £v+lu_t_ 10-19
7.12 Dvrtn I Secon4 Bur_
S-IY9 Auail_ary Pro_elst_ 7-19
10.4.4 C04_n21 System [V41eklgJem 10-14
AFter S-;VB Se¢oed Burn
7.13 _|Y80rl_Jlr_lll _ftn_ Ol_lt_ 7-23
90.5 Instrument _ntt Concrol 10-ZZ
7.13.1 Fuel Tank _4ftn_
C_m_enents lvaluJttem
7.19.2 LOI Tie Oum_i_g i_d 54f|m) 7-_
7.13.3 IO.5.I GImI Angle _esotvm IO-ZZ
C_Id Nellue _ 7-26
7.13.4 !0.5,2 5T.lZm Po_r 5v_pg+es 10-22
_e_ H_14u_ Ovm_ 7-21
7.13.5 Sr_N P_e_ttc Cemt_rol S_r_ 7-27 VO.l_ S4Pl_rit t ot_ |O-ZZ
_ft_ 10.6.1 5-lCfS-I I _ritiO_l _0-_'_
7.13.6 £na_ne S_r,. t_nk So¢tmJ 7-_8 IO.ILZ S-J9 Secen4 Plane Se_ratt_ IO*ZE
7.13.7 lrngtne C_trol SO,ore Stftq 7-28 10.6.3 S-I IIS-.IV8 Sel_ratlem 10-23
/0.6.4 _ $'l_at IOn 10-23
7.14 S-IVl _4ravltc Systln 7-29
7.11.I Beost ariel First _r_ 7-29
$[CTI_II 19 - ELEC/RtCAL XlETMIIIIeI_ AIIO EPIE_IICr
7.14.2 Parkine Orbit and _ecend _ 7-29
DEI"ECT1011 $1r_tEl_
SECTICII _- Sl_CTU_S 11.1 S_llq 11-I

: 8.1 • _lr_ 8-1 11.Z S-IC St49e (tectrt_ll Sysm I1-1

8.2 To_al veet¢le Structure5 6-1 11.3 S-11 Stllge |le¢trtcli SySt_ 11-2
Evaluatten
fl.4 S-IV| Stage (le¢trVc_! Syst_l I1-3
|.Z.t Lo_dl _1 LoNs 8-1

iv
 T._BLE OF CONTE_TS (CONT_NUED)

Page _a_e

.... tt.4. t _.._ ry )7-3 )7.3.2 TraJK:or_ £ffec:s :7-5

11.t.2 17.3.3 Per_ueb:n_ _ec_ant s_s _7*_
_It ,_o. 1, Te_era_ure 17.3.4 T_a'.', ve Co.nclus_ons :7-_.
_ncr4_asa_ 17.4 Tri'_eC:Ory _viTua_ T7-g
11 .S "ns:_n_ Un:_ Electrical 11-9 :7.5 :P_¢_ Co_I_ 17.-_.
Sys_.e-
......... 11.E Sa_ur_ Y [_roe_Cy Oece¢_lo_ 11-1S
Sys*.e_ ,r£ns} SECT:O._ 18 * SP=C£CR_I_, S_'_-_BY
SECTXOm
SECT:0.q 19 - _SFC ::;FL!_ 19-:
12.1 S_ry 12-1
":2.2 last _tss_ra$ 12-T
12.2.1 S-:C _ase _ressu_es 12-1 S[_ICX 20 - LL."_R_O'z:'._ '._H:G.£
12.2.2 "-_: =.ese PreSsures _2-1 20-:
.............. TZ.3 20.2 Oep! ovum: 20-2

SECTZO_I_3 - vI[_,'CLE
T_E_.vAL £._YIR(_qlT Z0.3 L_'; ".o scored _y1044 _.0-2
;n:er_ace
1:3.1 Sv_ar_ TJ- I
2_-2
13.2 S-:C Base _eal'.1_ 13-1 [_vt r O_en_
13.3 _-': _ase _ei:ln9 T3-2 20.5 _-ee: Soll :n_eracz_o_ 22-2
........ _3.1- _0._ Locc_: _on Per_omence
_.7 Yec_a_cal Systrs
13._ _.;C/S._.: Sega_l_,on Then'_.ll 13-3 20.7.1 _a_-on_c _r4ve

2_
Z_.7.4 S:ab_ 1_ :y 2_-£
20.7.5 Ha_d Ccn_rol",er 2_-S
14. ) .%w_ery 14-1
20o7.6 Loads 204
1&.2 _-:C _nv_ron_n_41 Contr91 1_-1
20._ E_ec:_tcll Syst_es
1A.3 S-:_ .r_y_ro_encal C_ntr_l 14-2 _.8. | _::er:es 20--S
14.4 "._ (nv_ror_cm_il Control 14-2 2eJ.8.2 Trace:on Ortv_ (:SCare° ZC4
|4o4.1 T_e ._',41 C_ndf_lontn4 S.ys_:4_ (TCS)14-2 20.8.3 g_s_.rt _t.to_ S_S_.l_
20.$.4 S:ee_ 2-7
14.4.2 G4s 8ear_n_ Sys_ _erfor_mce _-S
20.8.5 _'_-_'4_r InteSra_.or
_CTZOIZ 15 - _T,_ S_?T.-S 23.g Con:_ol _nd Otsplay 20-7
15.1 Su_a_ 1S-1 Console
15.2 Vehtcle ._eesure_'ent (valutt|e_ 16.1 29.10 ._av_ga'.ton Sy_eu 2O-7

29.1I Crew S_a_to_ • Z3-Z

IS.3 &Irhorne V_F Te1_t_y Sys_es IS-I
(velua_ton 29.12 The_41 Z04
lS.4 C-_and Radar System (valuatt4a 16.S 29.13 S?.r_c_rtl Z0-10
lS.S Secure _t_e SMety Com_nd 1S-5 Z0-I0
20.14 Lunar Roving Vl_dcle
S_szem Evalvatto_ _4guratlon
IS.I; Cc_n_r_ and C_m_¢at_o_s IS4
Sy__.m Evaluat_ c_ fdq_EAO|X A - _.'_OS_(RE
15.i.1 S_Jr7 of _r_omtnce 16.8 A.1 Sen_lr_
ls._.z _am_e _,;zsfs ls-_ A-1
A.Z Generll At_S,._h_rtc C4_
15.7 ;r_vr4 [ngtnee_ng CltraS 36-12 dtttO_tS it Lwach Tim

A.3 Su_ace _.v'_tioms at A-1

_EL'TIOII 16 - _ DgUU_L'T_R|ST|_
Launch Ttee
16.1 S_llm_7 16-1
A.4 ;_er _f_ _eis_r_ints
ll.2 Miss [yilu4ttOn 1_-1 A-I
A.4.1 V_n_ SPeed
A.4.2 Vtn_ _t re¢¢10_
S_TIOI 17 - L_UUi 2RPACT A.i.3 P_J_ Vfnd _q_nenZ
A.4.4 Yav gfnd (_epon4_ A-t
17.1 S_m_ry 17-I
A.4.S _. litn4 Sh_m
17.Z Tninslun_r Coest _lnevvers 17-1 A.4.S _t_ Idtn4 _1_ ts t_e
I7.3 Tr_eC¢ory Per_rbat 1(ms 17-3 Htg_ Oy_dc aegtm
17.3.1 lnt_u4uct4on 17-3
 TABLE OF' CONTENTS(CONTINUED)

Pll_e

X.5 The_odvmPl¢ _ta A-6

A.S.|- Atrmsphertc T_n_rature J.:4
A.S.2 At_osghert¢ P_ssure A*I¢
A.5.3 At_o$_l_ert¢ Ocms t ty J-14
A.S.4 OptJcal |nclex of A-14
_efra¢l_to_

A.6 Ccw_r_son of Selectecl A-14

A_o$:_hertc Oatl for
S4turn ¥ Lsuncl_es

_[110lX II - AS..S_Z S_G_ZF_CJIKI'

C_:F ZF,U_T; ON CKUC_ $

8.1 |nt_xk_t _on B-1

vt
 , .

-. •

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

............... Figure Page Figure Paqe

2-I AS-SI2 Telemetry Tlme 2-3 6-7 S-If Steady State 6-9
. Olf fe_-e_ O_eration
3-1 Elect_ca! Support 3-5 6-8 S-:I Fuel Tank Ullage 6-14
E_u_e_ _arttal ScheNttc Prffssur_

3-2 Olode C.h!__etall 3-7 6-9 S-II Fuel Fume Inlet 5-1S
._ondt t!ons
............ 4-1 _ AScent Tra_e_tOr7 PositiOn 4-3
6-10 S-I: LOX Tank Ullage 6-15
Pressure
_" 4-2 Ascent Tr_ectory S_ace- 4-3
F_xed V_oclty ar_ Flt0ht S-I: LOX Pur_ Inlet 5-I8
;- Pat_ Ar_'e Cormartsons Co_dl tion$

, 4-3 Ascemt .'ra_ectar7 4-4 5-12 S-'i Center Engine LOX 6-20
Acceleration Comparl _n ._ll_ Accumulator Bleed
4°4 Sj_ _.em Per for_nc.*
;_ 4-4 0yna_ic _Ssure and ,_,ach
_ur'ber C_. arisons 6-13 S-If Center Er<Ine LOX 6-20
Fe._line Acc_lator FIll
4-S Laurch _'ealcleGrouncZtrack 4-8
Trails ient
4-6 XnJecticr.Phase Space- _IO 6-14 S*I: Cecter £_I_ L0) 6-21
F(xed 7e:_Ity and Flight Fee(Hine _cc_nulator Ho11_
f;, " patll ;, r_,e
_" Coe_artsons
_pply System Performance
4-7 I n.;ectie_ Phase 4-10 7-I S-IVB Start Box m_ Run 7-3
_. Acceleration C_ari_n
Requirements - First Burn
5°1 S-IC L._I Start Box
S-Z 7-Z S-!Vg Thrust Bu(Idup Transient 7-4
_ Reout re_mt s
for First Burn
S-2 S-:C E-xlinesThrust 5-3 7-3 S-IV_ Steady-S_ate Pert_omnc_ 7°5
7-4 S-!VB Thrust Decay 7-7
S-S
._-3 _IC S:-_e Prnl_lsto_
Performance 7-5 S-IV8 CVS Performance - Co4st 7-8
-_. _se
5-4 S-IC Fuel Tank Ullage S-9
Pressure 7-6 _ZVS Ullage Conditions 7-10
During Re_-essurtzatton Using
S-S S-IC LOX Tank Ullage
02/H2 Burner
Pressure
7-7 S-!YE 0211(2 Burner Thrust 7-10
_ 6-I S-If [mime Start TaW 6-3
and Pressurant Flc_rate
Perfor_mce
6-4 ;4 S-IYB Start Box and Run 7-1!
:_ 6-2 S-11 E_me Holtum Tank
P_uirnments - Second Burn
._ Pressu_s
7-9 S-IVB S_e_dy-State 7-13
:- 6-3 _II Ty_i_ml S_r_ Tank 6-4
Perfm_aance - Second Burn
b_Iti_mms Oum'l_ Hold
7-10 _IYB L_2 Ullage Pressure * 7-16
First Burn, Parking Orbit
T 6-4 C_wrls_n of S-II Start 6-5 Second Burn
v Tank Co_tttons During
_/ COOT and LauecN 7-11 S-1¥0 Fuel M Inlet 7-17
q Conditions - First Born
F 6-5 _-II S_,'_ Tank l_ill
-_- Semm_e (Engine 1. S-_V8 Fuel _ Inlet 7-17
:,_ i'ypi_1 ) Conditions - Second Burn

6-7 7-13 S-IYB LOX Tank Ullage 7-18

_ 6-6 S-ll Englme P_ lnlet lh'_ - First Burn. Earth
- Start _I m_tt
Parking Orbit, and
Burn

_r

vii
 °

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED)

Fggure Piqe Figure Pagu

7-14 7-20 g-9 AS-S12 Dynamic Responses 8-10

_urina S-If Acc_mu;a_or
F111 {1-1!0 Mz Ftlter)
7°IS 7-20
8-10 AS-S_Z S-IVB Gfm_al Block 8-10
7-21 AcCelorat(nn _'_ur(n(J S-If
7-16
Burn - Longit_ina_ (8 tO
20 HZ Filter}
7-17 7-24
8-II S-'V8 Gi.bal Block 8-11
Acceleration and S-If
....... 7-18 .... 7-24 Cen_er Enaine Thrust P_d
Acceleration S.-'_,c_ra at
T *'85 to 190 _¢oe_s
7-25 8-12 r_i_e on S*!VB _lmbal &-12
81c_k During S-;I Burn
7-27 8-13 _S-51Z S-IVB LOX _mm 8-13
In!et Pressure S_ec_ra
9-1 Tra.tectory and ST-_24_ 9-2
8-2 P_,at._om VeIoctty Corn-
A£celeratton at |U and Perisons. Bo_$t-_o-EPO
Durtn_ Thrust Build- (Trajectory _,i_uS LVDC)
up and Launch 9.2 Tra;ectory a_ ST-I.'4X 9-4
8-Z Loh_i tu_IinaI Load 8-3 Platform Velocity C_-
_tstributlon st Time of ;arisons, BoOSI- _-TLI
.uax_ Bendlng ,_t, (TraJe¢_.ory _im_s LVDC)
CICO a._d OECO
9-3 Comparison of L_OC and 9-8
8-3 9endtna Moment and Load 8-4 PostfIIgh_ Tr_ectory
Feb.tar Distribution at Our1 n9 [PO
Tfe_e of Kaxt_um Be_dtng 9-4 Contfnuous Vent System 9-9
_ment
(C:'_} Thrust. and _cceleritto_
8-4 AS-512 EnvelOpe of 8-5 _ur_ ng EPO
CouOtned Loads Producfi_.
9-5 Steering Coaw,"_IS, Ft_t 9-10
I_tntmum _lfety ;qlrgtn$
fm- S-IC Flights
8-6 9-6 S_rtng Cammmnd$, _¢_ 9.IS
8-S IU Vibration Ourfng
S-IC 8urn (Longttudtmll)
8-7 10-I Pttch Plane D)m_wa|¢$ Dw_in9 10-3
8-6 AS-S12 Longitudinal S- IC Burn
Acceleration at IU and
OM During. Csmtof Engine 10-2 taw Plane O)_mqcs Ourtng 10-4
Cutoff S-It Burn
8-7 kS-S12 Longitudinal 8-8 10-3 Ptt_l_ and Yav Plane Free 10-S
Acceleratlon at IU and Stremm Angle of Atta¢k
oq Our4ng Outboard During S-It
Engine Cutoff 10-4 Pitch Plane Oy_mt¢$ Durt__ 10-8
8-8 A_512 Center Engfne 8-g S.-II
Chamfer Pressure and
10-5 • aw Plane 07_mfCS Owing 10-!1
GimI_i PM Ar_elefatt_m
• -;I Burro
O_eiml _-II Ibrm (8 ta
20 _z FITter) ¢c_m TO4 Pltch Plane Wcs O_-(m_ 10-10
to AS-S11 S-I¥8 First I1_

viii
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED)

Ftgurt Page Ft_re Page

............... 1007 ¥a_ Plane DynisicsDurtn9 1001G 13-5 S-If _eat Shield Aft 13-6
5-1VB first Burn Radtatto_ Heat Llti

"I0-8 Pitch Plane Dynaplc= ,_uring lO-IZ la-I IU TCS Coolant Coetrol 14-)
Park tmJ Orbit Para_e tc_'s
10-9 Pitch Plane Dynamics _rtng 10-13 14-2 IU S_bllmator P_rfCraanCe 14-4
S-IVB Seemed Bur t _J A$C(._t
10010 Yaw ?lane O)mamics O_n-tr_ I0-13 14-3 _l_tK IU Cmq_ane_t 14-6
........ _-:v_"Sec_
10011 Pitch Plane Dyr_nlcs Duff N 10-15 14-4 IU TCS rr_r_llc 14-7
Tra_slunar CmIst (Sheet 1 Pe_or_a_e
of 6) 14.8
14-S IU "CS Sph_r¢ Pr_ssvrt
10012 AS-_12 S-IC-S-II _ep4ratlon 10-23 14-9
14-6 I_J :Hfttll Platfo@F"
Otstancea. ._res ;ure
11-1 S-IVB Staae For_rd NO. 1 11-4
14-7 :u &m_SC,xz S_here P_ssvres 14-9
• f
htter.v Vo;tage and
Current IS-I V14FTelemetry _Isltl_ I_-6
r_
and Loss "rimes
11-2 S-IV8 Stage For_rd No. Z 11-S
Ilattery Voltage aM Current lf-2 C-Band Ac_tstt_on _1 1S-7
11-3 _.IVB Staee _'.ft ._o. I 11-6 Loss Tim
k
httery (o_,tage an_ Current • IS-3 CCS D_nltnk Phase Lock 15-9
£ 11-4 S-IV3 Staee Aft NO. 2 11-? Tim (Ltftoff to TILl)
r. Battery Voltage and Curr_t lS-4 COS Coverage (.'LI to 15-10
Lunar eaglet )
!1-S S-IYB Aft hater7 _o. ! 1I-8
17-4
) 114
0at4
S-Iv9 Aft htter_ .go. 1 11-10
17-1 Transluner
0vervtev
Coast _

Heawr Control Circuit 17-Z _elecl Translv_r Co_st 17-4

Hlnl_vers
11-7 IU 6010 httery Par_eWrs 1:-II
) 17o3 Gravtty-0niy Lunar Impact 17-7
11-41 |U 6029 htt_'y P,ramters II-1Z
Tra_lL_trry Ra_aell
II-I IU _30 ht_ Parameters 11-13 17-7
o, 17-4 Lunar Impact TraJectm'y
11-10 IU 6040 Battery Pirmeten 11-14 lltstduals wifJ! Pls,lurlilng
Influt_ces Nodel_l
t 12-1 S-If I1eat S_told Fc_rd IZ-Z
Face Pressure 17-S Early PTC T_ie lesi411s 17-10
12-2 S-II T_vst CAme Pressure 12-2 17.8 Late FTC T_ble llestclv41s 17-11
12-3 S-If He_t Skteld Aft IZ-] 17-7 Lunar Landm_ks I7-14
Face P_sur_.
17-8 Tracking 04_ /l_lllMlllty 17-1S
13-1 5-IC ha R_tem To141 13-4
20-i Apollo 11 UW £_-3 20-3
Heatl ng Rate Trlvlrs4
13-2 S-IC M_tllllt r._ Tamp_rl- 13-4
2O-2 L_VPo_r Uslgl 20-4
L_ Fender Fta 20-g
13-3 S-II Heat Sktel4 Aft 13-S
Heat late 20-4 LW htt_ry no. I (Left) 2U-11
Tlnperil_re
13-4 S-II Heat S_teN _ 13-6
Tmt_w_

i.
iX
 4J

• °

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED)

Page

.................. 20-3 , L_V F.a_ery _. 2 20-11

(Plaht) Tem_ra _re
A-I Surface ;leather _;) A-2
•_c'proxtrate]y 6 |/2 HOurS
_f:em Launch af AS-SlZ

A-2 SO0 _|l)_l_r _ Ao4

Ao_rQx_NCeT.v 6 TIZ Hours
After Launch of _5-S|2
A-7
La_u_cmTime of 13-S1Z
A-4 Id_nd DtrectJoct it LauflCh A-8
Ttm of AS.-SIZ

A-S Pitch Vtnd Veloc|ty A-9

_omone.t (W_) at Launch
........ Tt_ 6f-l_S-512 "

,L6 Ya_ ]_nd Velocity A-IO

ComDo_t (u z) aC Launch
Tir, e of AS-.c12

A-7 Ptt, Ch (Sx) and Tar (Sz) A-11

Comonent Vtnd S/tear5
aC Laun(_ Ttm of 4S-51Z
A-8 Relative Oevtattcn of A-iS
T_raturll and P_l_surll
fr_ the I_UI-t_I Reference
Am_4_ere. AS-S12
A*9 Rel;r.lve Oevtat4m of _-16
Don_|ty and Absolt/t_
nev_atlan of _e [_tex
of Refraction Finn the
I_-63 Ref_e
),tPnosl_,ere. AS-S12

X
 LIST OF TABLES

........... Table - ....... Paae Table P_e

I Iq $slon 0bJect 1yes 9"I Iner:tal Platfom Velocity 9"S

Accomo1! s_me_t C_lr| sons ( PAC$S-12
• 2 Coordih4 te Syst_)
_ary Of SIQniftcent
An,_ I fes @-2 _v_ga_fon Co_p4r_ so_s 9.6
3 (PACSS-13}
Sumn'alry _f AnGmilfes
9-3 State 'Lector U_fferen_es 9-11
/T, - 2- I -T4_e- _se _wnn_ry - 2-i
it Translun_r |n_ect;o_
2-2 $|_|ffcant £VL_._.Ttmcs Z-4
9-4 AS*SIZ End Conditions 9-1Z
S_ma4ry
9*5 Coas_ I_ase Gutdance 9"13
2-3 ¥1rtlbll TIN and Cam_Med Z-lO
Steeri_ Cmmae,_$ at Major
_" _ttch SelLqctor Events
[ve_ts
_S-S1Z/ApolIo 17 ere_aunch 3-2 |0-I
_|lesTOhes - "_'" - A5-$12 ::ts_ltgn_mt ,nd 10-2
Liftoff Conditions S_4ry
_.: 4-I Cor_4rtr.o_ Of $'_mliflClflt 4-5 10-2 •v4_n_J_ Control Par3meter5 I0-6
TrajectOry Events
_rtn9 S-IC 6urn
_, 4-2 CompariSOn of Cutoff 4-6 10-3 P_xlmu* Cont-_! F_rm_ers 10-7
Events
Ourlng S-IC 8urn
'_" 4-3 .r'_partson of _aratton 4-7
10-4 I(axt_uu Ce.*trol Parameters 10-11
I[ve_ts
Oveing S-IVB First Burn
Parktng Orbit Zasertto_ 4-0
I1-1 S-IC Stage &_ttc_/ Power 11-1
COnditions
Concept tcm
_. 4-S Tr4ns)u_r ln_ect to'_ dl-8
11-2 $-II Stage Battery Power 11-2
Condition
Co_sumPtSen
;" s-1 F-I Ermine Sy_t_ns S-2
11-3 S-IVS Sta_e Battery Power 11-q
t k( IduG Times
t ConSumt.ton
;: s-2 S-IC Indt_|dual Standard S-6
;" .4 IU 8_tery Power Consumption 11-10
Sea Level Enqtne Performance
1S-1 AS-_IZ ;qeasureNmt S4amuury 15-2
S-IC Pro_Hlant _ss HistOry 5-8
IS,-2 AS-S12 Fltght J4e_svrene_tS i5
_. S-3 S-IX ENtne Perfor-4nce 5-.11
k(iived Prior to Flight
g AS-SIZ Flight 5-1| 6-'*_
1S-.3 A5-$32 Xe*sur_unt I_lfv..-ct_ons IS-3
[i 6.' I_re_elhnt Pass Htstury
1S-4 AS-S12 Launc_ Ye_tr.le Tele- 15-4
S-118 Steady St.lt_ 7.6
7-1 Pa_,fori_imce*Ftrst Burn ue_r7 Links
(STOY Open *13S-Seccmd T4_ 1S-S C_mancl and Co_u:tatton 1S-ll
Sl1¢e at St_lndard AItftike System _nd mstor_,
Comities) AS-512
i 7-2 S-I¥8 S_ody SUt_ 7-14 To_11 Ye_lcle _iss - S-;C 1&-3
Perfon_nce - _ Ikrn lk_ Phase - 1(41ogrm
(STDV Open .17Z-Second To_al lte_tcle _s - S-,C 16-4
15-2
Ttne Slice it St_nd4rd
P_ase - Ponds
7-3 Altt_uMe Condftlons}
lt-3 Total Ye_tcle hiss - S-II !6.5
Tv-ITB S_ h_'Ta_t 7-14
Bvr_ Pl_se * [tlogrms
I_ss W.story
S-llnlAPS Prope114mt 7-_ 16-4 Total Vehicle Mass - S-f1 16-6
krn Iq_se - Pomds
Cansui_tten

i ¸.

xi
 LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table Page Table Page

16-S Toul Vehtcle Mass - S-IV tq 16-7 A*6 Selected AtmospheriC ObS4L_- A-17
FtrsL _u_f_ Pb45e- Kilograms vat|ons for ApollolSatvr_
16-6 Tot4| Veflfcte _ss - Soly8 16-8 501 through Apollo/Satu¢_
512 Veh_:le Launches at
F_,rst Burn Phase * Pounds
Kennedy Space Center,
M4SS
Flort4a
16-7 Total Vehtcle Pass * S-IY8 16-9
6-1 S-IC Sfgntftcant Co_flguritto_ 11-1
Second _rn Pl_se - I{tlegra_
16-8 Total Vehtcle Wass - S*IV8 16-10
8-2 S*lI Significant ConflgvrltlOll 8-1
..... Secoq_ 8uTn Phase - Povnds
Mass Cha.noes
8-3 $-IVlJ S|g_llrtcint Configura- I1-1
16*9 F11ght Seeuence Mass 16-11
tton C_n?e_
Summary
8-4 IU Significant Co_flgvratlon I_Z
16-10 Mass Ct_aeacter_s&_cs 16-13
Chan_e5
Comoaristm
17-1- Tran_lunar COe_L Naneuvers 17-2

17-2 Trajectory Parameters 17-9

After JPS-Z 8urn
17-3 Lunar !mp4¢_ Conditions 17-12
17-4 Lunar Im_ct Ttme$ 17-13

17-S S-IYS/IU Tracking Stations 17-1S

20-1 _ollo 17 LRV Performance 20-S
Sumary
20-2 Apoi lo Lunar EVA S_mary 20-S
20-3 LRY Stentftcant Configurattcm 20-12
(:twinges
A-I Surface (_servattons a¢ A-3
A5-$12 Launch Ttme
A-Z Sola_ Radtit$on at AS-S12 A-S
Ldq_ch Tim*, La_mCh Pad 3_q
4-3 System Used to Flnsure A-S
Upper Atr _11_ Data for
AS-S12

A-4 MazlJdun Wtnd _ 11i Wt_li_ A-lZ

Oy_mric P_ssure Regton
for Apello/S4turn f_)l
throvgl_ AIx)llo/Satvrn
51Z vehtcles
A-S £xtr_e WtM S_e4r Yalm A-13
tn the mgh Oy_JJiC Presser*
Regto_ for Al_ello/_4tvrA

so,
SI:P ,,o,,ols,,,,.,,

xii
 ACknOWLEDGEMENT

This report is published by the Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group,

composed of representatives of Marshall Space Flight Center, John F.
Kennedy Space Center, and MSFC's prime contractors, and in cooperation
with the Manned Spacecraft Center. Significant contributions to the
........evaluation have been made b).

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

Science and Engineering

Aero-Astrodynamics Laboratory
Astrionics Laboratory
Computation Laboratory
Astronautics Laboratory
Space Sciences Laboratory

Saturn Program Office

John F. Kennedy Space Center

Manned Spacecraft Center

The Boeing Company

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company

International Business Machines Corporation

North American RockwellJSpace Division

North American Rockwell/Rocketdyne Division

General Electric Company

xlii
 ABBREVIATIONS

•.AC_......
Ascension Island CT4 Cape Telemetry 4
ACS Alternating Current Power CVS Continuous Vent System
Supply CYI Grand Canary Island
ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface DAC Data Acquisition Camera
............ Experiments Package
DDAS Digital Data Acquisition
ANT Antigua System
AOS Acquisition of Signal DEE Digital Events Evaluator
APS Auxiliary Propulsion System DGU Directional Gyro Unit
.ARIA Apol.l_Range.lnstrument DO Desirable Objective
Aircraft
ASC Accelerometer Signal DOM Data Output Multiplexer
Conditioner DTS Data Transmission System
ASI-- -Augmented Spar£..Igniter EBW Exploding Bridge Wire
AVP Address Verification Pulse ECO Engine Cutoff
BDA Bermuda ECP Engineering Change Proposal
BST Boost ECS Environmental Control System
CCS Command and Communications EDS Emergency Detection System
System EMR Engine Mixture Ratio
C&DC Control and Display Console EMU Extra-Vehicular Mobility
CDDT Countdown Demonstration Test Unit
CDR Commander EPO Earth Parking Orbit
CECO Center Engine Cutoff ESC Engine Start Command
CIF Central Instru_ntation EST Eastern Standard Time
Facility ETC Goddard Experimental Test
CG Center of Gravity Center
CM Command Module ETW Error Time.Word
CNV Cape Kennedy EVA Extra-Vehicular Activity
CRO Carnarvon FCC Flight Control Coa_uter
CRP Computer Reset Pulse FM/FM Frequency Modulation/
Command and Service Module Frequency Modulation
CSM

xiv
 - °

ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

FMR Flight Mission Rule LMP Lunar Module Pilot

FRT Flight Readines_ Test LMR Launch Mission Rule
GBI Grand Bahama Island LOI Lunar Orbit Insertion
GBS Gas Bearing System LOS Loss of Signal
GDS Goldstone LOX Liquid Oxygen
GDSW "-'Goldston_ Wing LRV Lunar Roving Vehicle
GG Gas Generator LSS Lunar Soil Simulant
GOX Gaseous Oxygen LUT Launch Umbilical Tower
GRR Guidance Reference Release LV Launch Vehicle
GSE Ground-Supl_brtEqufpment LVDA Launch Vehicle Data
Adapter
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center
GTK Grand Turk Island LVDC Launch Vehicle Digital
Computer
GWM Guam ............... LVGSE Launch Vehicle Ground
HAW, Hawaii Support Equipn_nt
HDA Holddown Arm MAD Madrid
HE He1ium MADW Madrid Wing
HFCV Helium Flow Control Valve MAP Message Acceptance Pulse
HSK Honeysuckle Creek MCC-H Mission Control Center -
Houston
leo Interface Control Document
MESA Modularized Equipment
IGM Iterative Guidance Mode
Storage Assembly
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit MFV Main Fuel Valve
IU Instrument Unit MILA Merritt Island Launch Area
KSC Kennedy Space Center ML Mobile Launcher
LCRU Lunar Communication Relay 140 Mandatory Objective
Unit
MOV Main Oxidizer Valve
LET Launch Escape Tower
MR Mixture Ratio
LH2 Liquid Hydrogen
MRCV Mixture Ratio Control Valve
LIT Lunar Impact Team
MSC Manned Spacecraft Center
LM Lunar Module

XV
1
 ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

MSFC Marshall Space Flight PRA Patrick Reference

Center Atmosphere

MSF)I.....'_a_,me<i
Space Flight _letwork PTCS Propellant Tanking Computer
System
MSS Mobile Service Structure
PTC Passive Thermal Control
MTF Mississippi Test Facility
PU Propellant Utilization
r_ASA......
]_ationa] Aeronautics and
Space Administration PWM Pulse Width Modulato;.

NPSP _/et Positive Suction RACS Remote Automatic Calibration

Pressure System

rIPV ;;onproDulsive Vent RF Radio Freauency

OAT Cverai-l "_-s-t...... RFI Radio Frequency Interference

OCP Orbital Correction Program RMS Root Mean Square

OECO Outboard Engine Cutoff RP-I S-IC Stage Fuel

OFSO Overfill S_hut_offSens_or . SA Service Arm

OMPT Observed Mass Point SC Spacecraf._*

Trajectory SCFM Standard Cubic Feet per
OT Operational Trajectory Minute

OTBV Oxidizer Turbine Bypass SCIM Standard Cubic Inch per

Valve Minute

PACSS Project Apollo Coordinate ZIM Scientific Instrument

Sys tern Standa rds Module

PAFB Patrick Air Force Base SLA Spacecraft/LM Adapter

PCA Point of Closest Approach SM Service Module

PCM Pulse Code Modulation SPS Service Propulsion System

SPS Stabilized Platfom
PCM/FM Pulse Code Modulation/
Frequency Modulation Subsystem

PEA Platform Electronics SPU Signal Processing Unit

Assembly SRSCS Secure Range Safety
PIO Process Input/Output Command System

PLSS Portable Life Support SSDO Switch Selector and

System Discrete Output Register

POI Parking Orbit Insertion STDV Start Tank Discharge Valve

PMR Programmed Mixture Ratio

xvt
 ABBREVIAT[ONS (CONTINUED)

SV Space Vehicle
TCS Tn.erm_a.l
._ondit.ioning
System
TCS Terminal Countdown Sequencer
TD&E Transportation, Docking
and Ejection
TEl T,_a_searth Injection - "
TEX Corpus Christi (Texas
TLC Translunar Coast
TLI Translunar Injection
TM Telemetry...............
i TMR Triple Module Redundant
TSM Tail Service Mast
>
TVC Thrust Vecto.r.Con_tro!
.....
UCR . Unsatisfactory Condition
Report
USAE U. S. Army Engineer
USB Unilied S-Band
UT Universal Time
VA Volt An_oe
res
VAN Vanguard (ship)
VHF Very High Frequency
WES Waterways Experimental
Station
lulu Time (equivalent to
) tiT)

i-

i l
{
xvii/xviii
 MISSION PLAN

The AS-Si2-fiight'{Apoil-o17 mission) to the Taurus-Llttrow site is

the twelfth flight in the Apollo/Saturn V flight program, the seventh
mission planned for lunar landtng, and the third mission planned for
the Lunar Roving Vehicle. The Apollo 17 mission ts the first Apollo
flight planned for night launch and for translunar injection over the
Atlantic Ocean. The primary mission objectives are: a) perfom
selenologtcal inspection, survey, and sumpltng of mterta!s and sur-
face features in a preselected area of the Taurus-Ltttrow region; b)
deploy and activate surface experiments- and c) conduct tnfltght
experiments and photographic tasks_. The crew consists of E. A. Cernan
(Hisston Commander), R_ EL Evans (CommandHodule Ptlot), and
It. H. Schmttt (Lunar Hodule Ptlot).

The AS-512 Launch Vehtcle (LY) ts composed of the S-IC-12, S-II-12,

S-IVB-512, and Instr_uent Unit (lU)-512 stages. The Spacecraft (SC)
consists of SC/Lunar H(xluie Adal_t_ (SLA)-21), CoIand Rodule (O1)-
114, Service Hodule (SH)-114, and Lunar Hndule (U1)-12. The UI has
been modified to carry the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRY)-3. .

Yehtcle launch from Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) ts planned
along a g0 degree azimuth followed by a roll to • flight aztmth of ,-
approxtmtely 72 degrees measured east of true north. : Yehtcle mss at
ignition Is nollnally 6,530,819 111.-- ....:::..
: :::.-:..__.
_,_.: _,......

The S*IC stage powered flight )nets approxletely-162 seconds; the ":'::
S-I 1 stage provides powered fltght for approximately 395 seconds..
The S-lYe stage first burn of approxheately 146 Seconds inserts the". _ ;:
S-IVB/IU/SLA/IJt/ C_mand and Service Nodule(C_l) Into •ctrcular '. _" m " '

90 n rot. altttude (referenced to the earth's equatorial radius) .i_;:-?-._:.L:.-:."

Earth Parking 0rblt (EPO). ;_Vehtcle mass at Orbtti_tnserUon_;ls ,_.._ :.-:_-_-- .:-
306 • 791 "Ihe."-;_/. :_'¢:--_,;.i'_:':
" - . "'.-- _.._. -".,-'Z -_ --'--'L
':--"
- -*-,"
_:'-_:-;.___::._.G:':.:::/-_-_/_
_ i>"_ _.'_;._.,_ _:_.._.-. -
:_."
,t_.-_?_
.'_ _'_" _
:_,.'_\:_
• l_- "
.r"._:
,;.-':-_ "L.
_:::..-
.
•
• -... . .--_.... :..,,_.__,',:._,..,._. __:.._,,_:.o_.._._-,,-__-:-._ :-._-_,..,_._._,-..-:._. ,_-. .
At approxtmtely 10 seconds oft_,._.l_. ;.|m_tiopi" the Vehicle is _.:.' ._" '
altgned _i t_ the local : hor_z0ntal:_Cent!_s ._en i/enttng '_m_ !#_i" ';::_ " " 4

is initiated shorUy afta-_ .F_O. _|iiserltl_i'i_l;_the-LV!alM!... _Sl_ft_)._:_-! "

(SC) systems Are ch_ed:.In.'Fr_raUm :for.the :Traml_r.."Imd_Uon _.::._;..-._
(TLT) burn. Shortly/mfter_[_gtm|ng _tJIme.Udrd._irwoluUm_tm; _i_. ;_;;_,i_/!4;;_
•
.
the S-lYe stagel$ restlarbM_iuMl_rns_for'a_lm1_,:.lY._34T_co_ls,_:_]"_-.. : .
This burn inserts the S-IyB/IU/_CSM tnto_an,mr__,_.'.,;-;__,-;- :...
_-____. _.-, _-.:_a.._.-" -: -": _. -::.. * :- _ -_' ,-: -.',_,,-'_._...'_-_-i._i_J;_-_: "._"; ",'.'" _.... -

: - ; -.- :-. : -_::.."" ..- " -- _-::._ _c _e;,'_._--_._"._:i_-<-:...;-: _"

. . ; ;-.... -.,_.-.. ._, --...._:.;_--._,_:__,--_. -._-._,_
• "r. " " ','" "_ "_:"" - - '"_.';_-, '<'_' _;_'"_..--'"
_';_''_:''

xlx
 At 15 minutes after TLI, the vehicle initiates a maneuver to and
holds inertia]-a.t1_itude for CSM separation and docking, and CSM/LM
ejection. Following attitude acquisition the SLA panels are
jettisoned and the ¢SM separates from the LV. The CSM then trans-
poses and docks with the LM. After ducking and latching, tile CSM/LM
is spring ejected from the S-IVB/IU. Following separation of the
combined CSlVIJ1.fromthe S-IVB/IU, the S-IVB/IU performs a yaw
maneuver and then an 80-second burn of the S-IVB Auxiliary Propulsion
System (APS) ullage engines as an evasive maneuver to decrease the
probability of S-IVB/IU recontact with the spacecraft. Subsequent
to the completion of the S-IVB/IU evasive maneuver, the S-IVB/IU Is
placed on a trajectory such that it wlll impact the lunar surface
in a target area Iocated.betlweenthe Apollo 14 and 16 landing sites.
The lunar impact target Is 7.0°5 latitude and 8.O°W longitude. The
impact trajectory is achieved by propulsive venting of hydrogen {11_),
dumping of residual liquid oxygen (LOX), and by ground-commanded --
firing of the APS ullage engines. The S-IYB/IU impact will be
recorded by the.setsmograph_dep19_ed durtng the Apollo 12. i4. 15
and 16 missions• S-IVS/IU lunar impact ts predicted to occur at
Bg hours 16 minutes 08 seconds after launch for nominal fltght.

Several tnflight experiments wtll be flmm on Apollo 17 Including

experiments conducted by use of tie Scientific Instrument Mndule. ,.
• (SIX) located in Section ! of the SM, arid flight expertmnts during
earth orbit, translunar coast, lunar orbit, and t_-ansearth coast
mission phases. " _-

_rtng the.85-hour ._'anslunar coast, the astronauts will

star-earth landmrk sightings, Inertial Measurement Unit _e_u_m:.
alignments, general lunar navigation procedures, and mtdc_rse *
corrections. At approxtmatoly 88 bours and SOmtnutes, a $orvtce :
Propulsion System (SPS), Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) burn of '
approxtmtely 395 seconds ts initiated to insert the CSM/UI tnto a
51 by •171 n at. altitude parklng orbtt. _Approxtmately two re_olu- _:_"
/
ttons after LOI, a 22.9 secor_,, burn vlli--acLlust the orbtt .to IS by_:i!
5g n mi. altitude: . The UI is entail by astronauts Cer_n and _:- /,,.:_,."
Schmttt. aM checlu_Jt ts:'aC_pltshed.-: Dur|ng the itwelfth "rtvolu_-•:_tL:
tlon In orbit, at 110 hour_ 28 Irl_t_s;ithe IJ1Sei_rat_s f*_rm_t_)_'_:_
CSMand prepares :for the lunar, des_mt..;,The _CSN ;ts_then tnsert4d j;_(:_'.
tnto an appr0xtma rely:62 n mri_:ai U .t_de)ctrcular_brMt_u*tng a/4.0 *ic_*_i*.
second SPS burn. The.LHDescent)_lsto_*Sysl_m'ts'_used ._ brake-?',*
the LM tnto the proper landing 1Ta_ectory and to maneuver the LN ':--_
during descent to the lunar 'surface. Landing at Taurus-Ltttrov
ts scheduled to occur at 113 hours 2 minutes., The landing stte ts .- :
. - . ,

. ;"..!_.

• r . _.

.:_.

XX
sttuated at 20o10 ` North latttude and 30%5' East longitude

Follo_ng lunar landtng, three. EVA Line per|_ds of 7 hours each are
scheduled during-which the-astronauts _ill exnlore the lunar surface
in the LRV, collect surface samples, photograph the lunar surface.
and d_ploy sc|entlflc Instrmn_ts. Sor.tles in the LAY v111 be
1trotted tn red!us such that the 11fe support system capebtllty vill
not be exceeded tf LRV fatlure necessitates the astronauts walktng
back to the IJ¢.- Total stay ttm on the lunar surface ts open-ended,
wtth a planned maxtmumof 75.0 hours depen_,tng upon the outcmm of
current lunar surface operaUons piannlng and of real-tlme operation-
al declslons.

The CSH performs an orbttal plane change approxtmtely 8 hours before

rendezvous, LH 11ftoff nomtnallyoccurs at 183 hours 3 ,_tnutes
into the mtsston. The ascent stage Insertion tnto a 9 by 48 n ms1,
_Itltude lunar orblt occurs approxlmtely 7 mlmJtos later. At
approxtmtely 190.0 hours the rendezvous and docktng vith the
ts accompllshedo

Followlng. docktng, equipment transfer, and de_ontamqnaUon procedures,

the IJq ascent stage Is JetttsoMd and targeted to tmpact the lunar
surface at a potnt approxtmtoly 9 Im from the Apollo 17 landtng
stte. Tr=nsearth Injection (TEl) ts accomplished at the end of -
revolution 75 at approximtely 236 h_rs and 40 mtnutes wttha 142.2
second SPS burn, */--. ,• :,•:_ ._

Durtng the 68-hour trinsearth coast, the astronauts vii1 perform -.

navtgaUon procedures, stor-earth-mon _tghttegs, the electro--_ . " -
phorettc separation dmonstnl_lon, and as tony as three rldcem'se _
correcUons. The Commnd .qodule r|lot vtl! also perform an EVA to _"
•retrteve ftla cassettes fr_ the SDI bays.". The_l seperates from _:
the CH before re-entrjf. 5plL_dOMI Occurs- In .the Pac]ftc Ocean . _,;'*
304 hours 31 mtnutes after 11flbsf.f, ':_.'. _:-- _ -"_ .*: ..... '- , -.-

After the recovery qperatto.s, a-b|Ological quaruttM ts mt ]qxlesed -

on the crew and OI. However, btotogtcml tsolaUon garments rill be
a'vallable for use In the event of unexplained crew 111hess.

_ , _i,::_-.::- :__... . : , _

4 "_

xxt ! xxll
i
 FLIGHT SUMMARY

The tenth manned Saturn Apollo space vehtcle, AS-512 (Apollo 17 Mtsston)
was launched at 00:33:00 Eastern Standard Ttme on December 7, 1972, from
Kennedy Space Center, Complex 39, Pad A. The performance of the launch
vehtcle and Lunar Rovtng Vehicle was satisfactory and al1 HSFC Mandatory
and Desirable Objectives were accomplished except the precise deter_na-
tton of the S-IVB/IU lunar |mpact point. Pre11,rinary assessments |ndtcate
that the final Impact solutt6n will sattsfy the mission objective.

The ground system supporting the countdown and launch performed satis-
factorily wtth the exception of the Termtnal Countdmm Sequencer (TCS).
The TCS malfunct|on resultedtn'a Zh_r 40 _nute unscheduled hold.
Damage to the pad, Launch Umbilical Tower and support equipment was con-
sidered wintmal.

The vehtcle was launched on an azimuth 90 degrees east of north, k roll

maneuver was Initiated at 13 "second that'placed the vehtcle on a flight
aztmuth of 91.504 degrees east of north. In accordance with preflight
targeting objectives, the transluemr Injection maneuver shortened the
translunar coast pertod by 2 hours and 40 minutes to compensate for the
launch delay so that the lunar landing could be made with the same light-
]ng conditions as originally planned. Available C-Gand radar and Untf]ed
S-Bend tracktng data plus tolemetered guldence velocity data were used tn
the trajectory reconstruction. Because the veloctty at S-I! OuUmrd
Engtne Cutoff was htgher than r_ldnal, earth parking orbit Insertion con-
d_ttons uere achteve_ 4.08 seconds earlier than nondnal. Translunar
Injection candtttons were achieved 2.11 seconds later than nmdnal with
alt]tude 5.8 k]lameters greater than nominal and velocll_ 5.1 meters per
second less than n_tnal. CSM sepant|on m Comander Initiated S7.g :
seconds earlier than nominal resulting tn an altitude 306.1 kilometers
less than nemtnal and velocity 91.7 meters per.second greater,than retain al.

A11s-I¢ p p.lslon spurn parro,ed i.;.

propulslon performnce was very clme'to.the predicted e_mleml. Overall •
stage s|to thrust m 0.310 percent hlglmr than pred]cted.;Tota] pro_.;_-:_
pellant cmsm_tlon rate m 0.16 Femmt Mgher than prea_c11_l and the
total cmsmmd udxt.re rat]o m-O.OO2 .percent h11gher than predictS..;.
5pectf|c 1repulse was 0.1.4 percent ktglm'_than predlcted._Total proFellant
consmetim frm Holddom Am release :to O.tt_ Enflnes cvtoff (0£C0)"
_as lou by 0.14 percent. _*Center Eaglne Cutoff (CECO) vas tntUated by'.
the Instrmant Un]t at 139.30 seconds, O.OZ seconds earlier l_an:plamaed.

.' .. . "_ .; -
!: "k. 3"

-,, - . ° . .

xxttt
 .. • P

0EC0 was initiated by the fuel deplet|on sensors at 161.20 seconds, 0.47
seconds earlier than predicted. This is well within the +5.99, -4.22
second 3-sign_ limits. At OECO, the LOX restdual was 36,479 lbd compared
tO the predicted 37,235 1bin and the fuel restdu[1 _as 26,305 lbn ca_ared
to the predicted 29,956 lb_. ........

The S-I! propu]ston systems performed satisfactorily throughout the

flight. The 5-|1 Engine Start Comnand(F.SC), as sensed at the engines,
occurred at 163.6 seconds. Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) qas Initiated
by the Instrument Untt (IU)-at 461,21 seconds, 0.47 seconds earl iLr than
planned. Outbnard Engine Cutoff (OECO), tn|ttated by LOX depletion
sensors, occurred at 559.68 seconds gtvlng an outboard engtne opar_ttng
ttme of 396.1 seconds. Engine mtnstage performance was satisfactory
throughout f'ltght. The total stage thrust at the standard ttme sltce
(61 seconds after S-II ESC)was 0,14 per_:ent below predicted. Total
propellant flo_rate, Including pressurtzat|on flov, was 0.19 percent
belcw predtc+_l, and the stage spectftc tnpulse ws 0.05 percent above
predicted at the standard ttm slice. Stage propellant mixture ratto
was 0.36 percent below predicted. Eng|ne thrust butldup and cutoff
transients were vrlthth the predicted envelopes. The propellant manage-
ment system perfomance was sattsfacl_ory-thr0ugRout loadtng and fltght,
and all parameters were wtthtn expected 11atts except the LOX ftne ross
Indication. Propellant residuals at OECOwere 1401 1be LOX, as Iwedtcted
and 2752 1tin LIt2, 107 1be less than predicted. Control of engtne wixtore
ratto was acco_plfshed with the tvo-posftton pnemattca]ly operated Rixbre
Ratton Control Valves, Relattve to ESC, the lever Engtne RIxtore Ratto
step occurred 1.6 seconds eorller than predicted. The performmce of t#_
LOX and LH2 tank pressurlzat|on system ms satisfactory. Ullage pressure
tn both tanks was adequate to lat or exceed engine tnlet Net Postttve
Suctton Pressure wintmm .rL,q_relents threughout mtnstage.

The S-IVB propulsion systm perfomed satisfactorily throughout the opera-

ttonal phase of ffrst and second burns and had norm1 star*,, and cutoff
transients. 5-|1t3 ftrst burn ttae ms 138.8 seconds, 3.7 seconds shorter
than predicted for the actuel fltght aztmth uf 91 .S degrees. Thts d|f-
ference ts composed of -4,1 seconds due to the htgher than exFectod S-II/
S-IYB separation veloctty and +0.4 second due to lomr than predicted
S-IYB performance. The enflne performnce durlng ftrst burn, as deter-
wined from standard altitude reconstructfm analysts, devtated from the
predicted Start Tank Dtscherge Valve (STgV) open +135-seca_ ttae s11ce
by -0.68 percent for. thrust and -0,14 percent for spectflc+.tqmlse, .... *
The S-IVB stage ftrst burn F.._lmCtd_l_ (ECO) ms Initiated by the + -_++
Launch Vehtcle Dt.crltal Cemlmter (LVOC) It 702.65 secmds. The Cmttnuous
Vent System adeouately +regul_tt_t _ tank ullage pressure at an _tsage "
level of 19.1 psta during orb t a the Ox)_e_q_-ogen lamm_ sat s-
factortly achteved LH2 and LOX tank rewessurtzat|on for restart. Enflm
restart conditions vere withtn specified 1twits. S-lY8 secoml bet1 tlae .+
ws 351.0 seconds, 4.0 seconds l,oa_r _ predicted for the 91.S . -+*
degree flt oht aztmth. Th|s dtffereEe ts prtmm_17 dueto the l_er :+.++++,:++
s-tw performnceandheavter vehicle--ss ,m,q,,j second.
++. Imm,,..++'n,e iy
'+ . .+ -_.;+++,+._r:+.+. . ,++.._....-,,r._+',+ .-.+:_., .+ .+'+ .,.+.+,+ .... + ;
+., - ....?
.:.. o • + .-+ .-+,,+_+_._...
;_ +
XXiV _.
performance durtn9 second burn, as deter_ined froB the standard alti-
tude reconstruction analys|s, devtated from the STOV open +172-second
ttme s]tce by -0.77 percent for thrust and -0.16 percent for speclftc
1repulse. Second burn ECO was Initiated by the LVDC at 11,907.64 seconds,
(08:51:27.64). Subseouent--to-second burn, the stage _ropollant tanks
and hellum spheres were safed satisfactorily. _Jfftctent impulse
was dertved from LOX dump, LHZ CVS operation and auxtl]ar7 propulsion
system (APS) ul;ape burn to achteve a successful lunar Impact. Two sub-
seauent planned AP_ burns were used to tlprove lunar tmpact targeting.
The APS operatJon Ms no_nal throughout the flight. No heltuE or pro-
pellant lea[s were observed and the regulators functioned nefinally.

The structural loads experter_ed durtng the S-IC boost phase were well
below design values. The mxtaue bendtng moment was 96 x 106 lbf-tn
at the S-IC LOX tank (less than 36 percent of the destgn value).
Thrust cutoff transt._nts expertcnced byAS-512 uere st_tlar to those of
I_'evtous fltghts. The mxtmt longttudtna] dynafic respnnses at the
Instrument Untt (IU) _ere +0.20 g and +0.27 g at S-IC Center Engtne
Cutoff and Outboard Engt.he-Cutoff (OECO), respectively. The mgnttudes
of the thrust cutoff responses are considered norm1. During S--IC
stage boost, four to ftve hertz osottlattens _mpe detected begtnntn9
at approximately 100 .seconds. The mxtmm aWlltude measured at the IU
tins +0.06 g. 0sctllattons tn the four to ftve hertz range have been
observed on prevtous fltghts and are considered to be norm1 vehtcle
response to fl|oht envtrommnt. _ d|d not occur durtng S-IC boost.
The 5-II stage center engtne L0X feedltne accmmlator successfully
|nhtbttnd the 16 hertz PO60 oscillations. A peak response of +0.4 g
In the 14 to 20 hertz frequency range was measured on engine II_. S
atmbal pad durin9 sto_ly-state engine operation. Ps on prevteus flights,
lew a_11tude 11 hertz oscillations were experienced near the end of
S-TI burn. Peak enatne No. 1 gtuhal pad mpense vas -_0.0_ g. POGOdtd
not occur du;rng S-II beost. The POGO11udttng backup cutoff system
perforued satisfactorily durt_j the prelaunch and Irl Ight q_er_t_ons.
The system dtd not produce any dtscrete outputs and sheuld not have
stnce there ms no POG_. The structural loads experienced during the
S-IVB st_,oe burns vere yell baler destgn values. 9urtng ftrst burn the
S-IVB experienced 1or mplltude, -0,14 g, 16 to 20 hertz oscillations.
The a_plltudes measured on the gtJal block were ce_parable to p_vtous
fltohts and vtthtn the expected range of values. S||rllarly, S-IV8
second burn produced tntor_ritte_ 1or mplltode oscillations of ,0.10 g
tn the 11 to 16 hertz frequency range vhtch peaked near second burn
cutoff. _

The Stabilized Platfom and the Gutdanc_ _ successfully supported

the acc_pltslment of all getchmce and mvtgatton _sstm d_ecttves vith
no discrepancies tn _ of the harclwre. The end conditions at
Parktng Orbit Insertion and Trensluna_ In_ectton ve_e at_atned vtth tnstgo
Mftr_rt navigation _.rrOr. Tvo anomlles related to the fl_gl_ progrm dtd
occur. At aPlmexlmtely 5421 seconds range ttm (T5 44718,8) _nor loop
error tel_etry Indicated at unreasmmble change tn the jew gt_al angle ...
dwlng one wlnor loop. At the re-tnttlaltzatt_ of boost ivtgatlon for

- xxv
S-XVBsecondburn the extra accelerometer readtngs nomally teleuetered fr,_,
GRR to 11ftoff plus 10 seconds _ere restarted and continued throughc_t second
burn boost navtgat|on. Neither of these anomltes significantly impacted
navigation, widance and control. A minor discrepancy occurred during
S-II burn, when the yaw gtmbal angle failed the zero reasunableness
test twice, resulting tn minor loop error telewetry at 478.3 seconds
(T3 +317.2) and 55g.4 seconds (T3 +398.2).

All control functions and separation events occurred as planned. Engine

gtmbal deflections were nomtnal and APS ftrtngs predictable throughout
powered fltoht. All d_mamtcs were within vehtcle capability, and bend-
tng and slosh modes were adecluately stabilized. The AP5 provided
satisfactory orientation and stabilization durtng parking orbit and .*rmn
translunar Injection through the S-IVB/IU passive themal control mneuver.
APS _ropellar.t consumption for attttude control and propellant settltng
prior to the APS burn for luner target impact _s lower than the man
predicted reoutre_ents. All separation seouences were performed as
planned. Transients due to spacecraft Separation, docking, and Lunar
I_xlule eJectton vere nmtnal.

The launch vehtcle electrical system and Emergency Oe_ctton System

performed satisfactorily thr_.jghout the r_u_red period of flight.
ever, the temperature of the S-IVB Aft Battery !1o. 1 Unit No. 1,
increased significantly _x_e t:_ nominal control l:Mt (90°F) at approxi-
mately 9 hours due to mlfunctton of the prtmry heater control system.
Operation of the Aft Battery No. I remtned nminal as dtd operation
of all other batteries, _power supplies, tnverters, Exploding Bridge
Wtre firtng units, and swttch selectors.

The _-IC and 5-1! ba_e pressure envtroments were conslstont vlth trends and
mgnttudes observed on previous f11ghts. The S-11 base pressure en_ron-
ments were consistent with trends seen on previous fltghts, although
the magnitudes were higher than seen on pre_ous fltghts. The pressure
envt_t _urtng S-1C/S-I) separation was yell belov mxtmm nlues.

The S-IC base region therml envtroments exhibited trends and magnitudes
st_lar to those seen on prevtous f11ghts except that the ambient tempera-
ture under Engtne No. 4 cocoon rose mmxpectutly and at about 50 secoMs and
ms approxtmtel¥ 13"C above the level eXpe_ended during previous flights.
Ourt_ t.he later I_rtton of the S-IC boost, the temereture returned to
herin1. T.he mxlmum cocoen temperature reached ws yell I_low the upper
upper 11adt of the components under the cocoon. The base themal mtron-
rants on the S-!! stage were consistent v'-_h the trends and mgnttudes
seen on pr_tous fltohts and _re well belou destgn 11Mrs. Aernd3mmtc
heating envtroments and S-IVB base thereto1 _lrommts were not
measured.

The S-!C stage forlrd compartaent themul envtremmt ms adequately

mlntatned although the temperature v_ lover than expe_enced during
previous rl|ghts. The S-IC stage aft cmpart_nt e_vtrommtal condt.
ttontng system performed s_tlsfactorlly. The S-II stage, emjtne caupart-
L, nt conditioning system mtnta_ned the _btent _ature and thrust

xxvl
cone surface temperatures vithtn design ranges thri.'Jghout the launch
countdown. No eauipment container temperature .mea-t_rements were taken;
however, stnce the external temperature were sat_fa:tor_; and there
were no problems vtth the equipment- .tn-the- containers, the thermal
control system apparently performed adequately. The IU stage Environ-
mental Control System exhibited satisfactory performance for the duratton
of the IU nrlsston. Coolant temperatures, pressures, and t'lo_ates were
contfn_ously mtntatned vJe.htn the reoulred ranaes and design ltmtts.
At 20,998 seconds the weter valve logic was pUrl_sely Inhibited (wtth
the valve closed)o SubseQuent temperature increases were as predicted
for this condition. -

A11 data systems performed satisfactorily thr_ugheut the flight. F11_ht

measurements from onboard telemetry were 99.8 percent _el_able. Tele-
metry performance was normal except for noted problems. Radio Frequency
propagation was satisfactory, though the usual tntertrerer--e due to f_ame
effects and st_g_.ng were experienced. Usable YHF data were recetved
unttl 36,555 seconds (10:09:15). The Secure Range Safety Command
Systems on the $-[C, $-II, and S-IYS stages were ready _C perform their
functions properly, on co_Bnd, tf flight conditions dbr4ng- launch
phase had required destruct. _he s_tem properly sated the S-IVB
destruct s_tem on a connand transmritted from Bemuda (BOA) at 72_.1
seconds. The performance of the Comand and Comuntcattons System (COS)
was satisfactory from ltftoff through lunar |mpact at 313,181 secends
(86:59:41). Madrtd, Goldstone mere receiving CC._ sf_al carrier at
lunar tnq_c_. Good tracking data vere rece|ved from the C-Band radar,
vtth BOA tndfcattng final Loss of $|gnal at 48,4_1} seconds (13:.'_7:00).

Total vehicle mess, determtne_ from postfli.aht _nalysfs, ms v#thin &.68

percent of predicted from around tgnttton through S-IVB stage ftnal
sht_mm. This stall variation fndicates that h_rdvare _.fghts, p_o-
pellant loads, ar_l propellant utfltzatton were close to predicted
values during fllght.

The S-IW/IU Lunar Impact Iqsston objectives wre to t_pact the st_e
vithtn 350 I_ of the (_l_get, detendne the Impact t_me _rith_n 1 second,
_nd determine the tmpect potnt Mthtn S lore. The first tm ob,lectlves _
have been met. Further analysls ts required to satisfy the thtrd objective.
Pased on anslysqs to date, the S-IVBIIU Imlmctad the moo_ l)ecmter 10,
1972, 20:32:40.g9 (;iqT {313,180._J seconds after range zero) a*. 4.33
degrees south latqtude and 12.37 degrees vest longqtude. Thqs locatqo,
fs 155 ka (M n _i) froa the target Of 7 _ south latftude and 8
degrees vest longitude. TI_ veloctty of the _IVBIIU at twact relattve .
to the lunar surface _es 2,544 a_s _.8,346 ft/s). The tn:mrlng headtng
angle yes 83.0 degrees vest of north and the angl_ relattve to the local
verttcal m 35.0 degrees. T._e total ross tnpecttng the moon ms
approxtmtely 13,931 kg (alqxmxtmtely 30,712 lira). Real-Mine targeting

x_ ,:t
 o

activities modified the planned i'irstAPS lunar impact burn to reduce the
APS ullage burn duration. A second APS burn was performed to minimize
the trajectory dispersion from the targeted impact point.

Three HSFC Inflloht Demc-stratlons _re conducted during trans!unar coast.

The purpose of the Demonstrations were to obtain data in a low g environ-
ment on:

a. Convection in a Liquid Caused by Surface Tension Gradients.

b. Heat Flow and Convection in a Confined. Gas..........

c. Heat Flow and Convection in a Llo_Jid.

The Demonstrations were conducted as planned. The data were collected

by movie camera and crew observation, was of good oualtty, and is presently
being analyzed. ..................

The Lunar Rovtno Vehicle (LRV) satisfactorily supported the Apollo 17

Taurus-Llttrow iunar surface exploration objectives. The total odometer
distance traveled durtno the three EVA's was 35.7 kilometers at an
average velocity of 7.75 kmlhr on traverses.. The _aximum velocity .
attained was 18.0 km/hr and the maximum slopes neoottated _ere 18 degrees
up and 20 degrees down. The average LRV energy cons_ptton rate was 1.64
amp-hours/kin with a total consumed energy of 73.4 map-hours (including
14.8 amp-hours used by Lunar Communication Relay Unit) out of an approxi-
mate total available energy of 242 am-hours. The navigation system _-o
drift and closure error were negligible.

Controllability was good. There were no problem with steering, braking,

or obstacle negotiation. Brakes were ur_d at least partially on all
downslopas. Driving down sun was difficult because the concealed sha-
dows caused poor obstacle visibility.

lihtle the LRV had no problems vlth the dust, stowed payload mechentcal
parts attached to the LRV tended to bind up. The crew described dust -
as being an anti-lubricant and reported.thatthere .ms no EVA-4 capability
in many of the stowed payload items becuse_of dust intrusion. Large
tolerance mechanical items such as locking bags on the gate and the pallet
lock had problems toward the end of EYA-3. Only those ttem vhtch had
been protected from the dust performed vlthout degradatlon. _

All interfaces between Cr_,'LIW a'ml ;_ "_iOa'd _re satisfactory:,

The following LRV system anomalies wre noted:. : .......

a. At i.ltlal -up, the UWhat ..,-yi.t/ wereht r

predicted.

b. Battery No. 2 temperature indication ms off scale low at start of

EVA-3.

xandll
 • B

..e

The rtght rear fender extension was broken off at the Lunar I_dule
Ce
stte on EVA-] prior to driv|ng to the Apollo Lunar Surface Expert-
mnts Package stte.

: o -
 MISSION OBJECTIVES ACCOMPLIS_tMENT

Table I presents the MSFC Mandatory Objectives and Desirable Objectives

as def|ned in the "Saturn V Apollo 17/AS-512 Mtsston Implelntatton Plan,"
MSFCDocument PM-SAT-8OIO.IOA, dated September_29, 1972. An assessment
of the degree of accomplishment of each object|re |s show,. Discussion
supporting the assessment can be found tn other sectto.ns of th|s report
as shmm tn Table 1.

Table 1. Mtsston O_ecttves Accompltsbuent

aO. DESlllmLE ". JrJ:l_wtlSmEIrl 01SOEPNiG'I_ _lal

i i •

I " Lamch _ • flight Utmtb betm 7Z i _lem . 4.1

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 FAILURES AND ANO_LIES

Eval_tton of the La_h Vehicle and Lunar Rovtng Vehtcle data _vealed
ntne anomalies, one of whtch ts considered significant. " The signi-
ficant an_aly ts summrtzed In Table 2, and the other anmaltes are
sumar4zed in Table 3. . ................

J
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I-
 SECTION 1

INT RODUCT ION

1.1 PURPOSE

This report provides the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) Headquarters, and other interested agencies, wi.th .the.__launch
vehicle and Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) evaluation results of the AS'512
flight (Apollo 17 Mission). The basic objective of flight evaluation is
to acquire, reduce, analyze, evaluate and report on flight data to the
extent required to assure future mission success and vehicle reliability.
To accomplish this objective, actual flight problems are identified, their
causes determined, and recommendations made for appropriate corrective
acti on.

1.2 SCOPE

This report contains the performance evaluation of the major launch vehicle
systems and LRV, with special enl)hasis on problems. Summaries of launch _-- ....
operations and spacecraft performance are included.

The official George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) position at

this time is represented by this report. It will not be followed by a
similar report unless continued analysis or new information should prove
the conclusions presented herein to be significantly incorrect.

!
|

l-Ill-?
 SECTION 2

EVE,_IT TIMES

2.1 SUMMARY OF EVENTS

Range zero occurred at 00:33:00 Eastern Standard Time (EST) (05:33:00

Universal Time [LIT]) December 7, 1972. Range time is the elapsed time
from range zero, and is the time used throughout this report-un_ess 6ther-
wise noted. Time from base time is the elapsed time from the start of the
indicated time base. Table 2-I presents the time bases used in the flight
sequence program.

Table 2-I. Time Base Summary

Ir
VEHICLE TIME" GROUND TIME**
TIME BASE SECONOS SECONDS SIGNAL START
(HR:MIN:SEC) (HR:MIN:SEC)

-16.96 -16.96 Gutdance Reference Release

TO
i.
0.63 0.63 IU Umbilical Disconnect
TI
Sensed by LVDC

139.44 139.44 Initiated by LVOC 0.013

T2
Seconds after T 1 +138.8
Seconds

161.22 161.22 S-IC OECO Sensed by LVDC

T3

T4 559.65 559.65 S-II OECO Sensed by LVDC

702.87 702.87 S-IVB ECO (Velocity)

T5
Sensed by LVDC

10,978.65 10,978.65 ResOrt EQuation Solutton

%"
16
(03:02:58.65) (03:02:58.65)

11,907.87 11,907.87 S-IV8 ECO (Velocity)

T.
T7
(03:18:27.87) (03:18:27.87) Sensed by LYOC

18,179.88 18o180.00 Initiated by Ground

T8
(05:02:59.88) (0S:03:00.00) Command

*Range Time of occurrence as indicated by uncorrected LVDC clock,

i.e., the time of event as tagged onl_ard, converted _.o range time.

**Range Time of Ground receipt of telometered signal from vehicle.

6
Includes telemetry transmission time and LVOC cIock correction.
Figure 2-1. i •
1

2-1
The start of Time Bases TO, Tl, and T2 were nominal. T3, T4 and
T 5 were initiated approximately 0.5 seconds early, 0.4 secor_Is early,
and 4.1 seconds early, respectively, due to variations in the stage burn
times. These variations are discussed in Sections 5, 6 and 7 of this
document. Start times of T_ and T7 were l.g seconds early and 2.l seconds
late, respectively, T8 was initiated by the receipt of a grob_o'- .......
command.

Figure 2-I shows the mean difference between ground station receipt time
and vehicle tagged time which may be used for precise comparisons between
onboard guidance and navigation data that is time-tagged on6_a-?d and ....
other data that is time-tagged by time of telemetry signal receipt at a
ground station.

A summary of significant event times for AS-512 is given in Table 2-2.

The preflight predicted times were _djusted to match the actual first
motion time. The predicted times for establishing actual minus predicted ..........
times in Table 2-2 were taken from 40M33627D, "Interface Control Docu_w_nt
Definition of Saturn SA-Sll, 512 and 514 Flight Sequence Program" a;id
from the AS-SI2 Postlaunch Operational Trajecto_, (OT). The postlaunch
operational trajectory, MSFC Memorandum S&E-AERO-MFT-200-72, correcting
the earlier OT for the adjusted flight azimuth, was used because of the.-- - ......
launch delay.

2.2 VARIABLE TIME AND COMMANDED SWITCH SELECTOR EVENTS

Table 2-3 lists the switch selector events which were issued during the
flight, but were not programmed for specific times.

2-2
 -.o

300'_ 1

/
25O L L ,,

.....

zoo,
Z

_J

=> 15o,
•" !

_-. lO0

/
50,

10,_ 20_000 30.000

RANGETILE, S[COlOS

, l ,, I l I
2:00:00 4:00:00 5:00:00 8:00:00

RANGETIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECOMDS

* RANGETIRE OF GROUNORECEIPT OF TELEMETERED

SIGIM4. FROMVEHICLE.

• * RANGETIME OF OCCURRENCE
AS INDICATEDBY UNCORRECTED
LVDC CLOCK.

Figure 2-1. /6-512 Telemetry Time Difference 1

2-3
 ap

Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summarj

eaNr, r _I_E F
|Trm _v_r _:SC=IPT Ir_ _CIU_L AC I -,._D F i"

'_FC _FC _,EC

i|

I F.UlCSNC _- I;l_lrFwr4Ct _:1 _aSF - I ?.0 0o0 -il.6 .... .... 0-.11-
tGPm)

0o0 0.0
Cl'uuJ_._ ICur).NE)

3 S-I_ F_r.I_F 'w_.'_ TTA_T 0.0 _.0 ....

$-1C FqC. IkF _('._ _TJlaT -6.7 0.0 -?.3 0.1

_-IC _'_C.I.",F °,1_.? $IAD'I _. ,..) -;.2 0.0

6 S-lC F_.(:-I&£ ,wr.? <;TAal -6.3 0.0 O.I

_' S-IC _q, GIP, F &C._. $lAl_ll' -6.3 0.! -1.0 _" 0,_0 "

.aLl S-If trNGImFS tNAbSI t*:.K -!.6 -0.1 -_).!

q _&kCF IF_C 0.0 -0.6

IO JiLL _(L_OCW/I Ag_ iiEL_ASFO 0. Z 0.0 -C.4 - -0.0 -

IFIwST I,C TIC_I

It |U U_ILlCIL CISCCN_ECI'_ STARt" 0.6 0.0 O.O 0.0

t_F TIV; P_SF I Itl)

12 P._GI_ ICwEF (LI./leANCF YAW a*l 0.1 !o0 0.0

NA_ ft.VE@

|_ _NC YJW WANEIIVf • q.7 0.1 q.! 0.1

14 _EGlq PITCH .t_;£ OCLL wE_,EUVEP O.k 12.3 J.5

IS $-!( CLTB('APD [kCl_l Ca&T 20.6 0.0 20.0 0.0

16 ESC PI'_LI Ulll_[_lVEII 14.3 -0.4 13.7 -0.4

67.5 0.0 6f_.q J.l

18 eiXll_ts. OYkl_iC Pe[rc,$UqE qZ.S -I.! hi.? -I1.1

lq S-IC CEkT£P _GIkE CUTCFF I 3q.)O -0°02 l 3eo 6? -O. Ol

ICfCCl

ZO SI'JRT EP TI_*£ RiSE ? Illl l)q._ C.O ¢.0 0.0

;_1 END P|lC_ PiNcrUVEA ITIL1 leO. I 0.? ZO.6 0.!

2_ S-IC olulr_oJl_O E'NGINf Cl,.TCFF 161,20 -0._1 21.75 -0.47

ICECCI

23 START CF TIPE EASE 3 1131 161.2 -0.5 0.0 0°0

2-4
 Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Sunmary (Cont'd)

eA_C_ TI_'E Fqc_ eASE

ITEN EVENT DE_C_IPv|O_ IC TuIL lCf-#m+O _CIUIL lCr-+'m+C
S£C SEE SEC
i

24 START S-II LM7 TANK MIGH I+I.+ -0.5 O. 1 .... 0.03 -

PmESS_a( VE_T _C_£

25 S-If LM2 eFCIRCULaTI_N PUNPS I+I.4 -0.5 0.Z 0.0

OFF

Z6 S-|CIS-|| fEPAPIt|ON COPMIN0 16Z.q -0.5 1.6 ...... Owl

TC FIPF SFP4_aTICN CfVICFS
Ak_ g_IgO W_TCR_

27 S°ll ENGINF SCL_(IC JCTIVaT- I_!.6 -0.5 2.4 0.0

ION |AV_OA_E CF FI_E|

?
28 S-II ENGINE SVART b£GU£NC( 163.6 -0.5
_r Z.4 . Q.O
CCPWaNO |ESC)

2q S-II IG_ITI_N-ST0V CPE_ -0.5 J.4 0.0

30 S-I| WIINSTaGE 16A.t -O.S S.Z 0.0

31S.-I! CFILLOCNN VILVES CLOSE 166.5 -0.S 5.3 0.3

:L
31 S-il _IGH i_.5l _p_ NC. ! OH 16q. I -0.5 7.9 0.0

33 S-II HIGM 15.51EPR N_, Z ON 169.3 -0.S 8.1 0.0

3q S-ll S_CONO _LANE SEPARATION 192o9 -O.S 3L.? 0.3

% COwliNg IJ£TTISCN S-If l_T
INTERSTIGtl

35 LAUNCN ESCAPE TOWER IL_TI

JETTISCN

36 ITERITIV£ GUIOINCE uCOE IIGI_I 204.1 0.0 42.q 0.S

P_kSl I I_ITIAT[D

17 S-ll CENTER £NGINI CUTOFF 461.ZI -0.47 2sq.il -0.02

ICECC)
r..

38 START CF 6RTIFICIIL TAU _QQE 48900 -l.q 327.0 -l.S

39 S-II LOW ENGINE NIXTURE RATIO 489.2 -2.L 378.0 -1.6

IEffn| S_IFT IACTUILJ

60 ENO CF ARTIFICIAL TAU PQO_ 4qq.o -3.2 337.8 -2.8

41 $--'I! C_TBCARC ENCINE CUTOFF 55q.66 -0.47 3_;8.,43 -0.02

IOECCI

7" 4_ S-Jl EkG|NE CUTOFF INTEPRUPTt $5q.7 -0.4 0.0 0.0

START OF T|_E @ASE _ |T61

43 S-iV8 ULLAGE POTGR IGNITIQN S60.5 -O.S O.q 0.0

%
4_ S-I|#S-|VB SEPARATION CC;mqANO 560_6 -O.S IL.O 0.0
TC FIRE SEPARATION OEYICES
¢ ANG tlTtO POTOPS

j_

*Data not available.

2-5
 Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summary (Cont'd)

'lUE ¢_C v _aSE

lIE,+ Ev¢_f f'F %t*.l; I P I Irv_, _1 :¢JAI _Ct-+wFr
S_C 5FC Sir+ +

|.l J-_l. _
Irla+I F_()

• 6 fueL C+ILtF+(mN p_jwo ,_E¢ _61.8 ?.? J.O

+I $-)vm |+_I1iP_ lSl_v P_+_) 0. I

_ S-IvP wa_m_i 5e6.? (:.6 O.O

++ srair ++ ++ri¢ICi+i PiE -U(,+ _6fl.q 'l.Z ,).8

50 S-IV_ UlLaGE FJSF JETTIS(N -0.5 0.0

+1EmC Cr ++tl+lClat tall "CCE _82.7 +o0

!Z mEGlm IEm+l_At GLJILA_CF _bq.l -b°? II0.I

5+ FN_ IG. P_aSE + _q6,3 -),1 t36.1 -3._

54 BEGIN CMI FQEEI C 6qb._ -J.? t36._ -_Jo2

55 S-IVB vELCCITV CblrFF 1C7.65 -_.Oq -O._J -0.02

KCPPA_D _r. I trI_ST ECOI

56 $-1_ VFLCCIIV CbVrFr IOZ.?5 -_,. !0 -0.12 -O.0Z

SP $-IVR EkRIk_ CUICCF I%IE_AbPT_ IC7.9 -_',,, 1 0o0 0.O

START _F Time Bt_ 5 ITSI

50 g-lV6 SP5 ULLAGE ENGI_ _C. 1 7C3.1 -,'o ° I 0.3 0o0

f_&/TICN CO-_a_{

59 $-|VO IPS ULLIG_ ENCI_ c h_. Z 1C3.? -_oi 0.0

IG_ITICN CC-'I_C

6_ LCX T_ _ESSU_I?_11C_ rFF 7C_.0 -_k.? I.Z 0.O

41 eae+IkG C++IT I&SE_riC_ ttZ.e 9. O C.O

6Z _GI_ _SNkUVF_ ro LOCAL -7.1 21.5

H_RIZC_TAL ATTITUCE

63 S-IV_ CCNTI&UCUS VENT 76|.8 '_q.O 3.3

SYSXEW ¢CVSI CN

6_ S-lie APS VLL'_.. F'_INE N_. l T8_.8 -...[ at.,) 3.3

E_TCFF C(_a_L

65 _-lYe APS ULLAGE EkGl_E _G. Z ?#_.q -_ol 01.1 .3.0

CuTCFF CCPWING

b6 BEGIN ORBITAL NAVIG&T|GN

67 BEGIN .c-,.IYB nESTanT PREPIAS- ,0_18.6 °I,S 0°0 3.0

TICN$_ SYJiY (F TJPE faSE 6
!
ITBI
,I
!
*Data not available.
2-6 "+_
 Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summary (Cont'd)

_af.Cr lfvF tire _:nC _, leaSE

4FT,.AI ' ACT-P_F_ ,tCTU&L &CT_,_; F7

SFC
i

_'.8 $-1V_ _2/t'2 P_IIp_¢.:_ th2 C1'; ItClq.q -|.q 0.O

69 5-1V9 C?/_., _ P_,_'_,_P rxt'ltF_$ C_ -l.q _,1.6 0.0

11020.Z

1,3 S-lYe C211,,2 RU_NFu t_x O_ i13;O.b -1.7 4? .O O.O

IPELIUw I-[ATFu ."'%1

7] S-IvP r.V5 r"FF 11020.8 -I.? _,¢ ° ?

1Z 5-1VP LHZ I_fPlar_'_L_IZAYlI'N ! ! C Z_. T -l.q 4@.1 0.0

(CNT_CL VltV¢ CP_

13 5-1v1_ LCx _BEPPF_SbPlIA'I'I_N 110760_ -I-q 4e.3 Co0

(C_lgCL VII VF _N

I_ 5-|VP 41,X _'YC_eLt, IC PU_VP lllq/.6 -I.q _1_.9 U.O

FI IGI-T _I"E f_N
!
15 5-1V6 L0X CH|[IDfWK ptjleP CI_ 117Z7.6 -l.q 74_.0 0°0

16 $-IV_ LPZ CPIILCfW_ I_U_P C_ IiZ)_.6 -I.? 0°0

17 S-IVP PPEVALVES CIf'$E_. -I.q 75q. J

78 %-1_R wIXIURE RAIIC CCk,11z_L 11_28. l -I.9 4s.0,.1 0.0

VALVE CPE_

rq _;-Ive Ae5 ULLAGE (kCI_,E _C. [ 11_T4.'9 -|.9 _q6.3 0.0

IGNITION CO_NANC

00 S-JVR APS ULLAGE LkGI_,E kC. 2 11_15.0 -|.q _96.4 0.0

IGNITIO,_ COH_IN[

gl 5-1v8 C21W2 Eb_Ee t_7 CFF -l.q ,).0

IwELIUN hEAThER CFFI

e2 ._-lVl_ C2/H2 PURNEid LCx fFF 111_Tq.q -l.q _O1.3

83 5-|VE L1_2 CPILLCCk, k powl_ CFF llb4@.C -!.9 0.0

e_ 5-1V6 L(_X CPi¢LOCI_N PUUP (:FF 115,48.? -|.q

1_5 S-iVB ENGIkE: RESTanT C(_'"Ni_ 115_8o6 -!.9 570.C 0.0

IFUEL LEA_ INllI&11Gk)
(SECC_C ESCI
L.
16 S-IvB AP$ ULLAGE ENGit, E KQ. l 11551.6 -I.q SLY.} 0.,,)
i" CUTCFF CCIeM ANC

87 S-I#8 JPS L;LLAG_ EhGII_E _.C. 2 _!!5510 7 -I.9 573.1 O.}

CUTCFF COl_Wal_Cl

_L ae S-IVB 5ECGNC IGNITICk ISTOV 11556.6 -!.9 510.J O.O

(PE:N I

8_ .;-lvft wAI_SFaGE -|.q See.4 *0. t

2-7
 Table 2-2. Significant Event Ti_s Summary (Cont'd)

T I'E vI'_. _"C" qSSJ

i
iTEm EVENT UFS_ ivv I_, At" V-pa. 7 [

i ii

90 E'4GINF ul;.TLP_ QaT/G |E-r.| ,/.71 .7 I°,"

cr_rmFL valVE '_t-lF? I'FGI_,

ql S-IV a LPZ ITFP PwF_,GI/OIt4TIC_, IIa?M._ -[.o qEC.C

92 _,l;GIF. 'l'Em_l_At GHILa",I('r: ItPlq. I --Z. tJ 4.?

,_3 REGIN Cl-I FI;;EIcZ,; 11_.7 001 (.7_.o 2.e:

94 S-IVB $_CCP,,._ _LJlC_CF CL_Tf'FI r IlqO/.b4 2.1_ -.'.74 --0.0'.

¢'I_P'_AND _0. I (S;-[IN_ _%rjl

;.5 S-IItR IECCNC (,UI_._.Cz- CUTCIrF II_Ol. Tb -C.12 --0.07

4;_ S-f_ ENGINF C_TCF_ r INTE_WUPT. liqOt.q Z.t C°O 0.0

STIi_IT ,'IF tf"f A.,S_;t I 11"71

<;1 S-l'eO C_S G_, Z.I, 0.5 0.0

qq TaAkSt_kA* |NJ_CTIC_lw iTL |) I1917.6 Z.I <;.m 0°0

_;q S-IYB Cv$ CFf IZCSH.? 2.1 O.J

IO0 _GIk ClZl_llliL _,a',,iG_lrlCk 120_qo6 3.0 I'.I.7 0.8

|0| nEGIN _J&EUVE9 TC LOCAl 12059._ 3.0 I_|.7 O.B

NCRIZCNTJL ATT|TbOE

102 6EGI_ PA4EUYEe TC TalNIFC$I- LZOo4.q qO I.O

TICN AND _CCRIEG AlTITUdE
ITC_E)

IQ] CS u S_P&RAT|_ 13347.6 143_;.1

104 CS_ CCC¢ 14230.1

1_5 $C/_v FINAL $_PARATInN |7|02°3 51(_4.3

106 STaeT OF TI_E eaSE e |TB) 18179.q ,,&.,It. 0.0 0.0

IO7 I-lYe APS ULLAGE EkCINP kC. l 18181.1 ,,d,,.d. l.Z O.O
IG_ITICh C_W_J_

IQ6 S-IVe AVS ULLAGt EkCINE wO. 18181.Z |°4 0.0

ICkttlC5 CO_A_C

IGq S-lYe AP$ ULLAGEI_kCIkE kC. [ 18261.0 "N'tk' g1.2 0.0

C_IQFF CC_PJkO

l[O S-IVE IPS ULLAGE ENCINE NO.

CUTOFF CC_PA_O

"Data not available.

"*Prediction not available.
2-8
 Table 2-2. Significant Event Times Summary (Cont'd)

Tl_ FOR BASE

ACTUAL ACTUAL ACT-PffD

ITEH E';E_;T DESCRIPT 1,_;;
SEC SEC SEC

111 Initiate Vaneuver to LOX Ou_ 40.1 0.0

Att itude
I IP,,76n.O
112 S-IVB CYS _N IO00.O 0.0
l Ig,179.8
113 S-IVB CVS _FF 19,480.0 1300.0 O.O

114 End tOX Dump Required for 19,507.9 ,we 1328.0 0.0
S-IVB APS Burn

115 _IVB APS Ullage Engine _o. I 22,199.8 4020.0

Ignition Co_a_

116 S-IVB APS Ullage En_tne _o. 2 22,200.0 4020.2

Ignition
I
117 S-IVB APS Ullage Engine _o. l 22,297.8 Qt 4118.0
Cutoff Command
) I
118 S-IVB APS Ullage Era. inn _o. 2 22,298.0 et
4118.2
Cutoff Command

119 2rid Lunar Impact @(aneuver 39,760.0

Co=end
I
120 S-:YB APS Ulla_e [_ine 1_o. 1 40,499.8 tt

Ignition Contend

121 S-IVB APS Ullage Engine .'(o. 2 40,500.0

Ignition Coerar_

122 S-IVB APS Ullage £ngtne _o. I I 40,601.8

Cutoff ComRand

123 r_-IVB APS Ullage Ermine No. 2 40,60Z.0

Cutoff Cmnd

124 Passive Thermal Control : 41,510

I_n_ver

1ZS Flight Contr_1 Co_ter Power 41,532

Off

IZ6 CCS _arrter Off 49,260

127 S-IVBIIU Lunar Isct (Hl_rs) 86.995 103.951

(le:elN:SEC) 86:5g:41

"Predictions not available.

, i i i

2-9 9
 Table 2-3. Variable Time and C_nmanded Switch Selector Events

FI_CTION STAGE RA)¢GETI..vE TI_E FRO,_BASE REMARKS

(SEC) (SEC)
m i i i

L_ (4.8) EMR No. I 0.'¢ S-I; 489.0 T3 +327.8 LV_C Function

Low (4.8) EMIt No. 2 ON S-If 489.2 T3 +3280 LVDC Function

Water Coolant Valve IU 780.5 T5 +77.6 LVCC Function

Closed

Telemetr 7 Cal tbrator lU 3216.1 T 5 "2513.2 Acquisition by C_rnarvon r_

Infligi_tCalibrate 0.4 Revolution 1

TM Calibrate ON S-:V8 3216.5 T5 +2513.6 Acquisition by Carnarvon

Revolution 1

TM Calibrate OFF 3217.5 TS *2514.6 Acquisition by Carnarvon

Revolutfon I

Tele,metry Calibrator IU 3221.1 T5 "2518.2 Acouisition by Carnarvon

Inflight Calibrate OFF Revolution 1

Water CooTant Valve lU 3_80.5 TS +2777.6 L',/'DCFunction

Open

Telemetry Calibrator IU 471Z.] T S *4009.2 Acquisition by

inflignt Calibrate O_ Hawaii Rev. I

TM Calibrata ON S-IVB 471Z.S T 5 .4009.6 Acquisition by

Hawaii Rev. 1

TH Calibrate OFF S-I'm 4713.5 T 5 +4010.6 Acquisition by

Hawaii Rev. l

Telemetry Calibrator iU 4717.1 T 5 +4014,Z Acquisition by

Inflignt Calibrate OFF Goldstone Rev. 1

Telemetry Calfbrator IU 5344. l T 5 +4641.Z Acquisition by

Inflight Calibrate ON Goidst_e Rev. I

TM Calibrato ON S-Ilfl$ 5344.5 T5 "4641.6 Acquisition by

Goldstc_e Rev. I

TIN Calibrate OFF S-IV_ 5345.5 T 5 ÷464Z.6 Acquisition by

Go!ctstone Rev. 1

Tele.,etr 7 Caltbrator lU 5349. I T s +4646.2 Acquisitlmby

InfliCt C.mltbrate OFF _oldstc_e J_v. 1

2-I0
 Table 2-3. Variable Time and Commanded Switch Selector Events (Contd

FI_CT !Ott STAGE R_IG[ TIME TIME FROM BASE REMARKS

(SEC) (SEC)

Telemetry Calibrator IU 6928. i TS +6225.2 Acquisition by

Infltght Calibrate ON Ascenslon Rev. Z

TM Calibrate ON S-IVB 6928.5 T 5 +62L5.6 Acqui$itioe by

Ascension Rev. 2

TM Calibrate OfF S-IVB 6929.5 T5 _226.6 Acquisition by

AscensiOn Rev. Z

Telemetry Calibrator IU 6935.1 T5 +6232.2 Acquisition by

lnflight Calibrate OFF Ascension Rev. 2

Tel_etry Calibrator lU 8808. I T5 +8105.2 Acquis|tion by

Inf119ht ON Carnarvon Rev. 2

TM Calibrate ON S-IVB 8808.5 T5 +8105.6 Acqo|$1tl_ by

Carnar_ Rev. Z

TM Calibrate OFF S-[VB 8809.5 T5 +8106.6 Acquisition by

Carnarvon Rev. 2

Telemetry Calibrator IU 8813.1 T5 +8110.2 Acquisition by

infltght OFF Carnarvoa Rev. Z

Tetemet_j Calibrator IU 10264.1 Acquisition by

T5 +9561.2
InfUght Calibrate ON Hawaii Rev. 2

TlqCallbrate ON S-IV8 10264.5 T5 +9561.6 Acquisition by

Hawaii Rev. 2

TM Calibrate OFF S-IVB 10265.5 Acqulsltim by

T5 +9562.6
Xawati Rev. 2

Telemetry Calibra_or IU 10269.1 T5 +9566.2 Acquisition by

infltg_t Calibrate OFF Hawaii Rev. 2

,Tel_try Calibrator IU 10888.1 T 5 +10185.2 Acquisition by

IInf119ht Calibrate ON Gol_stone Rev. 2

Tlq Calibrate ON S-IVB 10888.5 T5 +10185.6 Acqu|sJtionby

Goldstone Rev. 2

LTR Calibrate OFF S-IVB 10889.5 T$ +10186.6 AcquJsltl_ by

Gol_stone Rev. 2

Te1_try Calibrator Iu 10893.1

TS +10190.2 Acquisition by
lnf119ht Calibrate OFF Goldstoem Rev. 2

2-11
Table 2-3. Variable Time and Commanded Switch Selector Events (Cont'd)

STAGE RAr(GE TIME TI_E FROM BASE REMARKS

FUNCTIUN
(SEC} ($EC)
L

IU lZl7S.Z T7 ÷267.3 Acquisition by

Telu_try Calibrator
Ascension TLC
Inflight Calibrate ON

TM Calibrate ON S-IVB 12175.6 T 7 *267.7 Acquisition by

Ascension TLC

S-IVB C 12176.6 T 7 +268.7 Acquisition by

TM Calibrate OFF
Ascension TLC

IU 1218C.2 T7 +272.3 Acquisition by

Telemetry Calibrator
Ascension TLC
|nflight Calibrate OFF

IU 19079.8 T8 +899.9 LVDC Function

Water Coolant Valve
Closed

S-IVB Ullage Engine S-IVB 22199.8 T8 +4020.0 Lunar Impact Burn

No. 1
No. 1 ON

S-IV8 22200.0 T8 *4020.2 Lunar l_act Burn

S-IVB Ullage Engine
No. I
No. 2 ON

S-IV8 22297.8 Ts +4118.0 Lunar Impact Burn

$-IVB Ullage Engine
No. 1
No. ] OFF .

S-IV8 22298.0 T8 +4118.2 Lunar Impact 8urn

S-IVB Ullage Engine
No. 1
No. 2 OFF

S-IVB Ullage Engine $-lV8 40499.8 T8 -22320.0 Umar l_act Burn

No. I ON I No. 2

S-IVB Ullage Engine S-IV8 40500.0 T8 +22320.1 Lunar Impact 8urn

No. 2
No. 2 ON

S-IV8 40601.0 T 8 +22421.9 Lunar Impact Burn

S-IVB Ullage EngJme
No. 2
No. I OFF

S-[Vg 4O602.0 T8 .22422.1 Lunar Impact Burn

S-IV8 Ullage Engine
No. 2
No. 2 OFF

IU 41521.0 T8 +23341.1 CCS Comand

Flight Control Computer
Power OFF A

IU 41532.1 T 8 +23352.2 CCS Cemwmd

Flight Control Computer
Power OFF 9

IO 41554.3 LVOC Funct Ion

Water Coolant Valve T8 +23374.4
Open

!
i

2-12
t
 SECTION 3

LAU_:CHOPERATIONS

3.1 SUMM_RY

The around systems supportina the FS-512/Apollo 17 countdown and launch

performed satisfactorily with the exception of the Terminal Countdown
Seauencer (TCS). The TCS malfur_Lion, which is discussed (n paragramh
3.3, resulted in a 2 hour and 40 minute launch delay. The space vehicle
was launched at 00:33:00 Eastern Standard Time (EST) (05:33:00 UT) on
December 7, 1972, from Pad 3gA of the Kennedy Space Center, Saturn
Complex. Damage to the pad, Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) and supnort
equipment was considered minimal.

3.2 PRELAUNCH MILESTONES

A chronological sun_naryof prelaunch milestones for the AS-SI2 launch is

contained in Table 3-I.

3.2.1 S-IC Stage

S-IC stage and _SE systems performed satisfactorily during countdown

with the exception of three failures which were subseouentlv corrected.
The failures were 1_;"_-
_ tl
...._,) ......
C,_o a_ _.._.. Devices fS&A) (2) Remote Digital
Sub-Multiplexer, and (3) F-I Engine _Io.2 Gas Generato- Igniter. The
Safe and _rm Device failed to respond to a safe command. Possible
causes for the failure were determined to be low voltaoe, i_proper
installation, or a defective unit. The Safe and Arm Device and its mounting
block were replaced and the replacement unit performed satisfactorily.
Bench tests of the suspect unit failed to duplicate the problem and dimen-
sional ana;ysis of the unit and mounting block was satisfactory. Analysis
did reveal, however, that output toroue of the solenoid at the lower end
of the voltage curve was marginal with respect to the toraue requirements
of the mechanical linkage of the S&A device. As a precautionary measure,
the countdown procedure was changed to arm the device at T-33 minutes
instead of T-S minutes to eliminate the need for recycling to T-22
minutes in the event of a hold. In addition, the provision was made to
increase the stage bus voltaae to 30 V if the unit should fail to arm
during the count.

At the T-9 hour scheduled hold the Remote Digital Sub-Multiplexer (RDSM)
failed and an 8 ampere current surge of one minute duration was recorded.
The RDSM was replaced and satisfactorily retested. The cause was
isolated to shorted ceramic capacitor (C7) in the power supply card.
As a result of failure analysis it was concluded that the failure was
randem and no corrective action is anticipated.

3-I
 Table 3-I. AS-512/Apollo 17 Prelaunch Milestones

DATE ACTIVITY OR EVEIiI

October 27, )°.70 S-II-12 Stage A.rival

december 21, 1970 S-IVB-SI2 Stare Arrival

June 16, 1971 Lunar Module (LM)-I2 Ascent Stage Arrival

June ;7, ;;7, L,._cr :-_o_-';_.e

t,t_)-12 Descent Stage Arrival

",arch 24, 1972 Spacecraft/Lunar .U,_lule Adapter (SLA)-21 Arrlval

:_arCh Z4, 1772 Co.m,and and Service Module (C5M)-114 Arrival

_oa,l 11. 1972 S-IC-12 Staqe ._rr|val

may 1S. 1972 S-IC Erection on Jw_ile kaunctmr (M_.)-3

_ay 19. 1972 S-IT Erection

June 2. 1972 Lunar Rosin 9 Vehicle (LRV)-3 Arrival

June 7. 1972 Instrurw_nt Unit (I0)-512 Arrival

•Tune 2P,, 1972 IU Erection

Jun_ 23, 1'J72 S-IV3 Erection

July IZ, 1_7Z Launcn Vetlicle (LV) Electrical Systems Test Completed

A_just 1. 1972 LV Propellant OisperslonlMalfu_tion Overall Test (OAT)

Co._le te

L'V Service Arm OAf Complete

;,uqust 13, 197Z LRV Installation

Au,lust 23, I.u72 Spacecraft (SC) Erection

At_ust 28, 1972 Space Vehicle (SV)/RL Transfer to Pad 39A

,October ]l, ]972 SV _.Iectrica) Mlat_

October ]2, )972 SV OAT ";o. 1 (Plugs In) £_lete

OC%o_er 20, )972 SY Fligh[ Readiness Test (FRT) Cm_leted

._ovember I0, 1972 RP-I Loading

,';ovem_er 20. !972 Countdown D_onstraf.i_ Test (CJ)I]T) C_leCed (Wet)

";ovember 2_. 1972 CDDT Completed (O_)

Dece_er f, 1972 S_,'Terminal Countdown Started (T-28 Hours)

I
,_cen_er 7, "972 (EST)_ $I/ Launc_

3-2 .'.
The F-, Eneine r:o. 2 Gas _enerator (GG) igniter installed indication was
lost at T-23 hours. Both GG igniters on Engine No. 2 were replaced and
the problem was determined to be due to igniter failure. Failure
analysis revealed an error in manufacture in that solder had been
omitted from an electrical pin in the igniter, allowing intermittent
contact. The lack of solder was seen in the X-ray nicture which is
m_de during receiving inspection. Corrective action taken was to review
all remaining igniter X-ray pictures to assure no more omissions exist.

3.2.2 S-II Stage

The S-ii stage and GSE performed satisfactorily during the countdown.
As a result of the unscheduled hold caused by the Terminal Countdown
Sequencer (TCS) malfunction, some systems such as the J-2 engine start
tank system were required to remain active.

During the first unscheduled hold at 02:52:30 tiT (T-30 seconds), S-ll
stage systems were safed and recycled successfully during this 65.2
minute hold duration. At 03:57:41 LIT (T-22 minutes), the countdown
was resumed and continued to T-8 minutes when another hold occurred to
resolve the TCS corrective action. This hold lasted 73.3 minutes and
contingency hold Option 2 was utilized. S-If systems remaining active
through this hold were LOX system helium injection, engine actuation
hydraulic system temperature control, and engine helium and hydrogen
start tanks pressurized. It was necessary to manually control engine
helium tank venting as temperature changes di tated. The engine start
tanks were chilled, pressurized, and then required one rechill cycle
at 05:12:00 LIT for proper temperature conditions. At 05:25:00 UT,
the countdown resumed at T-8 minutes and proceeded without further
problems to liftoff. Electrical batteries on the S-II stage were on
internal power about 20 seconds longer than previous vehicles and were
slightly more discharged at liftoff as a result of the repeated
countdown.

3.2.3 S-IVB Stage

Overall performance of the S-IVB stage and GSE was satisfactory during
the countdown operations.

A hazardous gas detection sensor located at the LH2 tank vent disconnect
on Swing Arm No. 7, showed an intermittent indication of GH 2 for approxi-
mately l-I/2 hours from T-3 hours 30 minutes. The leak was not large
enough to cause a problem and was dispositioned acceptable for launch.

To keen the engine control helium sphere pressure below the redline
limit of 3400 psia, the sphere was vented six times using the emergency
vent during the hold period.

Prior to resuming the countdown at T-8 minutes, the start tank was
rechilled to bring the te_erature below the maximun limit acceptable
for launch. After rechilling, the start tank emergency vent valve was
cycled three times to keep the start tank pressure below the maximum limit.

r
3-3
A long term decay was noted on Forward Battery No. 2, open circuit
voltaae. The open circuit voltage at the time of inst_llation was 34.74
V. The voltage decayed 1.50 V over a 24-hour period. During the hold
at T-9 hours, a power transfer test was performed to verify battery per-
formance under loaded conditions. Battery performance was normal. At
T-8 hours 53 minutes, Battery Monitor EnaBle was turned on to provide
a small load in order to stabilize the battery. The battery voltage
stabilized at T-4 hours. The voltaee decay was attributed to a greater
than nominal silver-peroxide level in the battery cells. The battery
met all specifications and criteria.

3.2.4 IU Stage

The IU stage performed satisfactorily during the countdown.

3.3 T_RMINAL COUNTDOWN

The AS-Sl2/#pollo 17 Terminal Countdown was picked up at T-38 hours on

December 5, 1972. Scheduled holds were initiated at T-g hours fnr a
duration of g hours, and at T-3 hours 30 minutes for a duration of one hour.

At T-167 seconds the Terminal Countdown Seouencer (TCS) failed to issue

the "S-IVB LOX Tank Pressurization" command. When it was visually observed
t_t the S-IVB LOX Tank was not being pressurized, the console operator
initiated action to manually control S-IVB LDX Tank Pressurization. The
tank was pressurizeo, but because an interlock relay was not energized
when the TCS failed to issue the T-167 second command, a countdown hold
was experienced at T-30 seconds. This hold lasted for 2 hours and 40
minutes during which time the TCS failure was confirmed, a "Work-Around"
was investigated, and the "Work-Around" was verified at the MSFC Saturn
V System Development Facility (SDF). Also during this hold the countdown
was recycled to T-22 minutes. After investigation of the failure and
verification of the "Work-Around" it was concluded that the countdown
could be successfully and safely accomplished by using a jumper to bypass
the "S-IVB LOX Tank Pressurized" interlock relay and manually pressurizing
the LOX tank from the LCC. The countdown sequence w_s restarted at T-22
minutes and completed successfully.

Figure 3-I shows the electrical circuits associated with this anomaly and
the following is a description of the functional operation of the circuits.

The T-167 second command from the TCS (Channel 3) is supplied to the
Mobile Launcher (ML) Integration Patch Distributor to energize relay
K3 which supplies a 28V signal to the ML S-IVB Patch distributor. Thi_
signal is used to initiate l) S-IVB LOX tank vent closed, 2) S-IVB
LOX tank pressurization valve open, and 3) energize relay K577 "TiM for
LOX Tank Pressurization." Without relay K577 energized the "S-IVB
LOX Tank Pressurized" interlock relay K536 cannot be energized even if

3-4

f-T
 LI_.L
.,,,I:-: " _T,....__.,
C_loql I1 ell _'11_"_"

I'
I

Figure 3-I. [lectrical Support [quiF_nent Partial Schematic i'

3-5
 /

relay K492 "LOX Tank Minimum Low Pressure OK" is energized by manually
pressurizing the LOX tank. When K536 is not energized the "S-IVB
Ready for Launcn" relay K607 will not provide a signal to the ML S-IC
Patch Distributor "S-IVB Ready for Launch" relay K972 to complete the
interlock chain to allow relay K465 "Swing Arm _Io. l Retract Prepara-
tion Complete" to be energized. If K465 is not energized when the
T-30 second TCS command (Swing Arm No. I Carrier Retract) is received,
a cutoff con_nand will be initiated and a countdown hold will occur.

When the above condition occurred, the absence of the TCS T-167 second com-
mand was confir=,.edon the Digital Events Evaluator-6 (DEE-6) printout.
Investigation of the DEE-6 printout disclosed that the T-176 second spare
output from the TCS also did not occur. After investigation of various
combinations of lost outputs and associated fixes, it was determined that
the "LOX Tank Pressurized" relay K536 could be bypassed by moving the "LOX
Tank Pressurized Bypass" jumper from "INHIBIT" to "ON" position. This
jumper is located on S-IVB Patch Distributor in the LCC. The failure
was simulated and the "Work-AFound" was verified at the MSFC Saturn V
SDF and a decision was made to proceed with the launch using the inter-
lock bypass and manual pressurization. During the successful launch
all TCS outputs were obtained except the T-176 second spare output.
Therefore, the bypass and manual pressurization procedures were actually
redundant to the normal circuitry.

Investigation of this failure at KSC subsequently centered on two diodes

located in the logic circuitry of the TCS. One of these diodes
inhibited the T-167 second S-IVB LOX Tank Pressurization command and
the other inhibited the spare output. The two failures are functionally
unrelated in the TCS circuitry. Excessive reverse current leakage
through the partially shorted diodes caused intermittent operation of
TCS outputs. The two failed diodes had been in service six years.
Each TCS contains 1,827 of these diodes with approximately 1500 of
these capable of causing a launch hold or scrub if they failed between
CDDT and launch.

Testing of all similar diodes is being conducted where feasible. Of

2196 diodes tested, 7 additional diodes exhibited reverse current
leakage in excess of the spezification. The diodes that failed along
with a number of non-failed diodes from the same printed circuit
boards were subjected to extensive analysis. The following four causes
of failure have been postulated: I) inversion layer formation, 2)
accumulation layer formation, 3) metallic precipitates in the depletion
layer cr 4) contamination in cracks partially or completely across the
depletion layer'.

Since deposition of contamination in microscopic cracks (Figure 3-2)

was consistently observed in the failed diodes, this is considered to
be the most probable failure mode. However, the investigation as to
the cause of the cracks and subsequent contamination deposition is
still underway and cannot be considered conclusive at this time.

3--6
 GE SIN444g
DIODE

_ CRACKS

_%ANODE SILVER
t
t UTTON COfFFACT
_o

_ \_

t
.I
l" 20 MILS

Figure 3-2. Diode Chip Detail

L_

3-7
The "Work-Around" with the TCS at KSC that resulted in a satisfactory
terminal countdown would not be acceptable if a problem occurred with
the TCS during the Skylab-2, -3, and -4 countdowns due to the short
launch windows.

The following activities will be accomplished prior to the Skylab

launches in order to eliminate the possibility of another failure.

a, The diodes will be tested and replaced as required in each of the

existing TCS's to assure reliable performance.

b° Pad 39A and Pad 39B will be modified to provide three TCS's in each
launch vehicle ESE rather than the present one.

c. Incorporate voting logic so that any t_o of the three TCS's will
assure that the proper signals are provided.

d. All unused signals from each TCS will be unp_tched and grounded so
there will be no possibility of them causing problems.

The above activities will reduce the probability of a false command

beina initiated and also assure that no single electrical failure
will result in loss of the proper terminal countdown co--rid.

3.4 PROPELLANT LOADING

3.4.1 RP-I Loading

The RP-1 system successfully supported countdown and launch without

incident. Tail Service Mast (TSM) 1-2 fill and replenish was accom-
plished at T-I3 huurs and S-IC level adjust and fill line inert
occurred at about T-60 minutes. Both operations were satisfactory, there
were no failures or anomalies. Launch countdown support consumd 213,304
gallons of RP-I.

3.4.2 LOX Loading

The LOX system supported countdown and launch satisfactorily. The

fill seauence began with S-IVB fill command at 12:34 EST, Decee_er 6,
1972, and was completed 2 hours 40 minutes later with all stage replenish
normal at 15:15 EST. Replenishment was automatic through the first
Terminal Countdown Sequence but was switched to manual when S-IVB
flight mass began cycling shortly before final countdown. This con-
dition has been experienced during some previous loading operations
and is a result of trapped LOX warming in the S-IVB inlet line. The
LH2/LOX Auto Load allows for manual replenishment when such cycling
occurs.

Men LOX loading was reinitiated shortly before recycling to T-22

minutes, LOX system loaic did not reestablish replenish operations as

3-8
 expected. Instead, it sequenced into a dual mode configuring simul-
taneously for both "vehicle replenishment" and "S-IC chilldown." In
this posture, the S-IC slew fill valve was opened allowing LOX to be
pumped directly into the stage resulting in a slight overfill. The
system was manually reverted to prevent further overfill. Subse-
quent investigation reve_led that an S-IC discrete necessary fnr
nor-hal replenishment was ,_issing when loading operations were
r_su_l.

A real time procedure charge to LOX/LH2 auto load, was prepared to ini-
tiate the discrete manually. Replenishment operations were reinitiated
and continued normally through launch. This procedure change, which
requires manual issue of Propellant Tanking Computer System (PTCS) discretes
if tank level is at or above 98_, will prevent problem recurrence.

LOX consumption during launch countdown was 618,000 gallons.

3.4.3 LH 2 Loading

The LH 2 system successfully supported countdown and launch. The fill

seouence began with start of S-II loading at 15:27 EST, Dece_er 6, 1972,
and was completed _5 minutes later when all stage replenish was
established at 16:52 EST. S-If replenish was automatic until terminated
at initiation pf the Terminal Countdown Sequencer. Int_flmittent ,over°
fill "indications were experiencedafter S-IVB auto replenish was
achieved and had to be inhibited to avoid unnecessarily cycling the
replenish valve. S-IVB replenish was switched to manual at T°I hour
and left in that mode through start of Terminal Countdown Sequencer
at T-Ia7 seconds.

During recycle operations at T-30 seconds the LH2 system was reverted
normally. Fill operations were reestablished when count was resumed and
both stages replenished normally to flight mass.

Launch countdown support consumed about 520,000 gallons of LH 2.

3.5 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIFMENT

3.5.1 Ground/Vehicle Interface

In general, performance of the ground service systems supporting all

stages of the launch vehicle was satisfactory. Overall damage to the
pad, LUT, and support equipment from blast and flame impingement was
considered minimal.

The PTCS adequately supported all countdown operations and there was no
damage or system failures.

The Environmental Control System (ECS) successfully supported the AS-512

countdown. All _pecifications for ECS flow rates, temperatures, and
pressures were met and flow/pressure criteria were satisfactory durtng

3-9
the air to GT_2 changeover.

At T-48 hours, ECS chiller _;o. 1 shut down due :o a low refrigerant
charge. The redundant chil]ers were placed in operation and Freon added
to chiller _o. I. _Io impact resulted.

At T-2 minutes the S-IC forward lower compartment temperature indication

became inoperative. Redundant measurement systems were utilized and
no impcct resulted.

The Holddown Arms and Service Arm Control Switches (SACS) satisfactorily
supported countdown and launch. All Holddown Arms released pneumatically
within a six (6) millisecond period. The retraction and explos;ve
release lanyara pull was accomplished in advance of ordncnce actuation
with a 42 millisecond margin. Pneumatic release valves l aria 2 opened
within 21 milliseconds after SACS armed signal. The SACS prin_ry _wit,.hes
closed simu'taneously at 449 milliseconds after con_it. SACS secondary
switches closed 1.154 and 1.163 seconds after commit.

Overall performance of the Tail Service Masts was satisfactory. Mast

retraction times were nominal; 2.760 seconds for TSM 1-2, _.980 seconds
for TSM 3-2 and 2.685 seconds for TSM 3-4, measured from umbilical
plate separation to mast retracted.

The preflight aid _nflight Service Arms (S/A's 1 through 8) supported

the countdown in a s_tisfactory manner. Performance was nominal during
terminal count and liftoff.

The DEE°3 system adequately supported a11 countdown operations. A

dSscrepant printed circuit board was replaced in the FR I subsystem
and a failed vacuum motor was replaced in the Pad A DEE-3D magnetic
tape station. The Pad A DEE-3F magnetic tape station became ino._e_rative
subsequent to the propellant loading operations. The remainder of the
countdown was supoorted by backup tape and line printer recordings.
There was no launch damage.

3.5.2 MSFC Furnished Ground Support Eouipment

Otter than the TCS anomly discussed in Section 3.3, the MSFC furnished
electrical and mechanical ground support equipment successfully sup-
ported the Apollo 17 12unch.

3-1G
 SECTIOII 4

TR_JECTCRY

4.1 SUPFARY

The vehicle was launched on an azimuth 90 degrees e_st of north. A ro11

maneuver was initiated at 13.0 seconds that plac_ the vehicle on a
flight azimuth of 91.504 degrees east of north. In accordance with
preflight tar_eting objectives, the translunar injection maneuver shortened
the translunar coast period by Z hours and 40 minutes to compensate
for the launch delay so that the lunar landi_ could be made with the
same lighting conditions as originally planned. The reconstructed tra-
jectory was generated by merging the following four trajectory s_nts:
the ascent phase, the parking orbit phase, the injection phase, and
the early translunar orbit phase. The analysis for each phase was con-
ducted separately mth appropriate er_ ;mint constraints to provide
trajectory continuity. Available C-Sand radar and Unified _nd (U_)
tracking data plus telem_.teredguidance velocity data were used in
the trajectory reconstruction.

The trajectory variables from launch to Command and Service Module

(CSM) separation are discussed below and, in general, were close to
nominal. Because the S-II Outboard Engine Cutoff velocity was higher
than nominal, earth parking orbit insertion conditions h_re achieved
4.08 seconds earlier than nominal. Translunar Injection (TLI) condi-
tions were achieved 2.11 seconds later than nominal with altitude 5.8
kilometers greater than nominal and velocity 5.1 meters per second less
than nominal. CS_ separation was Camander initiated 57.9 seconds earlier
than nominal resulting in an altitude 306.1 kiloBeters less than nomt-
nal and velocity 91.7 meters per second greater than n_inal.

4.Z TRAJECTORYEVALUATION

4.2.1 Ascent Phase

The ascent phase spans the interval from guidance reference release
through parking orbit insertion. The ascent trajectory =as established
by using telemetered guidance velocity data as gene-attng parameters to
fit tracking data from stx C-Band stattcms (Rer, ttt Island, Patrick Air
Force Base, Grand Turk, Bermxla FPQ-6. Bermuda FPS-16M and Antigua)
and two S-Band stations (MerritL Island and Bermuda). Apgroximmtely
13 percent of the C-Band tracking data and 42 percent of the S-Band
tracking data were not used because of inconsistencies. These values
are consistent vith past experience. The launch portion of the
ascent phase (l_ftoff to al_proxtmtely 20 seconds) was established by
constraining Int_ateO teimtered guidance accelerometer c_ta to the
best estimate trajectory.

A
i
Actual and nominal altitude, surface range, and crossrange for the
ascent phase are presented in Figure 4-I. Actual and nominal space-
fixed velocity and flight path angle during ascent are shown in
Figure 4-2. Actual and nominal comparisons of total non-gravitational
accelerations are shown in Figure 4-3. The maximum acceleration during
_iC burn was 3.87 g.

Macn nurser and dynamic pressure are shown in Figure _-4. These para-
meters were calculated using meteorological data measured to an altitude
of -_.3 kilometers (31.5 n mi). Above this altitude, the measured data
were merged into the U.S. Standard Reference Atmosphere.

Actual and nominal values of parameters at significant trajectory event

times, cutoff events, and separation events are shown in Tables 4-I.
4-2, and 4-3, respectively. All trajectory parameters were close to
nominal throughout ascent. The space-fixed velocity was 25.6 m/s (84.0
ft/s) higher than predicted at the end of S-II powered flight. This
difference is so,_hat greater than usual and is discussed in Section 6.3.

4.Z.Z Parking Orbit Phase

Orbital tracking was accomplished by the NASA Manned Space Flight

)_etwork. Three C-Band stations (Merritt Island, Antigua and Carnarvon)
provided four data passes. Six S-Band stations (Goldstone, Bermuda,
Texas, Verritt Island, Hawaii and Ascension) furnished eight additional
tracking passes.

Velocity data generated by the ST. IZ4M guidance" platfom were used to
derive the orbital non-gravltational acceleration (venting) _el. The
parking orbit trajectory was obtained by integrating a comprehensive
force model (gravity plus venting) with corrected insertion conditions
fon_ to T6 at I0,g78.65 seconds (03:02:_.65). The insertion condi-
tions were obtained by using the force n)del and a differential cor-
rectlon procedure to fit the available trackl_ data.

A c_rison of actual and nominaI parking orbit insertion parameters

is Resented in Table 4-4. The groundtrKk from insertion tO _IVB/
CSM se_ratlon is given in FI__ 4-5. All orbital trajectory variables
_ere close to nominal.

4,.2.3 Injectlo, Phase

The t_)ectton phase spans the interval from T6 to TLI and was established
tn two I_rts (T6 to I1,500 seconds and 11,500 seconds to TLI). The first
I_rt _s obtalned by fitting data available frm one C-Band station
(Cartulrvo_) and three S-Band stations (Texas, Goldstone, and RerrJtt
Island). The second part was obtained by integrating a state vector
t_ee from the first part at 11,500 seconas (03:11:40) throug_ second
T
burn and canstraining the Integration tc a final TL! state vector taken
from the early translunar orbit tr_ectorT. Tel_tered guidance veloctty
data were used as generating parmeters for both parts.

4-2
 lOGO- Z40 o
t . 1I
--- _O.t.AL T I
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s-Jcoico i I iP

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Idllltil[ tlMi, 5tCOmOS

Ftqure 4-1. Ascent Trajectory Position Comparison

---- -- tOilllill+ 1
IS, i+ t'_ >-:; _llli .
t +_ _-il ill£O

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Ft_ 4-2. _e.t irajectoPjr $_e-Flx_ Yeloclty aM Fii_t

Path _le C_rt_

4-3
4_

i _tl_, : T _ Z _'-
t l ;l'.t.l ! I !, I i .-- ...... .
"I j _I*I i i I i ! i I _ ., :,_.

$... ,,, [ _..! ! i _ ! I ._. I .....

=- _. ; ,. I ;ii] ', _ i i ! i i ! i

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,.Ii| .'..ILl k.,,_ 1 '_ t k 1 1
T_T_mf-q'q I t I !i-1 /
= T
I t I _1 i I

_0 Z_q I_ LOG _lq 604 7,_1 MO

Figure 4-3. Ascent Trajectory Acceleration Comparison

4,0,

ii_'ilf tl; v-,.,

------ ll_ I Illl_

,,,,
ii i I __ _
; ,"
[.I; _111 m,_l plmlI(

I,I,
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Figure 4-4. Oynmric Pressure and Mach /lumber Comparisons

4-4 I
°
 Table 4-1. Comparison of Significant Trajectory Events

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• I lit $O(Omd lull O'J, OqlJe T_oQ, SO¢ 11.907.1S l 1094$oS4 _.11

&ccoIorotlee, o/| _ 13.11 14.10 -0._4

(ftls L ) 045.47| 0H.II) (-O. 70)
(s) 01.48| (;.,) (-O.03)

elestoeo [Ortk-Flmed
Iolocitr: 5-1C |oqe line. $e¢ llZ.IMl 163.34 -1.31

Iolocltpo oil 1,)74.1 Z.341,Z.l 11.6

(,Jo) (7,_10.03 07.7$I.I) 131.11

S*ll game 11o4. $ec 544.44 HI .14 -a.s4

|OIOCltl. 011 1,573.0 6.$411.I ZS.6

ItUs) [_I.S17.01 (:PI.II3.11 004.1)

S-lira Irlr, s¢ II_l liar. sic 710-+.M Fl •. 741 -4.00

IIIICt tl. e/$ 7,)iS.t)

(et/s) 0 Z4 0_)_. 0 )

S-|N S4c_4 |err Be_lle 1t1_. S4'¢ I'.OOO°SO II,_0S._ I.PS

IO.41S.Z 10.4Zt.$
IM.ZI].4) 134,21_.S1 ,-,+,:il
l

• q_e_t Yiee P_imls Jbillllle

4-S
 Table 4-2. Coeq_aTison of Cutoff Events

PIIJl Yl[t I(TUIL 41¢'P,JILL

• o,,(...i. ] Jc+-,m-
5-IC C(C5
+
( (l_II(
,
50Llm2101
, ...
t, S-:C 9(C0 ([qGIu[ +0LI_I0)

Illm_lle Y_III. _q¢ IJ_. 3o 130. 341 -0. 041 )61.2o 161 .t ; *_.17

JII If &gd41. le 47.0 16.8 5+2 66. $ 66.7 -¢._

(m.g t IZL 4} (_5.1) +,.s + 13S._| (J4 O| (-0.I)

2.,_q! I t.llt.] • + 1.746.9 2,144._ ;.0

5141¢lr.lrtlc4l IIcl@¢*tl+. B/S
iftl%f • * . 6Z .e_ +K .Jill1 S| t;'; a (e._IZ. I I (1o005.4) (6.51

IIf*Rt IF(lit lel411 o d4P* +'). I_9 *O.o_l .'_.i_ 41 _0.iY] -+.Cla

1011419_ JiJUlI_I . diP* • l. ]$_ %1 _S] +0. PII .t ";+" ql. 14)2 .0.111

$1.5 Sl .S 0.0 ++I ._ _11.6

_qle'fS(1 l141Dq4,o It
,**tl 127 I) II_r.l) 10.01 If*. I) 4 lq.S) 1.0.11

0.2 0.3 4.1 0.3 *"

(J_e_$ Iomq_po km
(m_t) (0. I) I0.2) 1-0+_) 10.2) {" +" l-0.+)

Crils$ Blql Ilelt¢_tr. I15 Io$ I.Z -6.7 6.4 ll.l

|r¢¢_) !,i lj (-_2.2) (Zl.O) (_6._) (-_S.))
, • ,,,,
5-11 C|(D 5*II o(C0 ( il_IllI SKIHID)

161 .Z1 461.6(I .(I.I17 $5_ .66 S60.1 ) 4.47

IlPa41 Tt_. _1¢

......... _ Jl tl tede. "I I1].0 172.7 0.3 172.6 IIZ.I 0.S

q51.8) (q).31 (o.u) 1,3,2) (SZ.S) 10.11

$1ill¢@-ft mtl(I II11¢Itp. II1_ $ ,6Z0.4 5,641.4 19.0 6 ,_*0. I 6.964. S 25.6
(ft/S) II.l)*.i) ( i i.J11. ,)) |62.3) 122,019.1) 104.0)

ll_l_Jlll: fib 1114111. .O.ose -0.005 0.027 0.2S4 0.247 §.007

kiatq lqle, *7.647 *7.%71 0.076 100. ]*S I00.33] O.OiZ

_IB#ICe leI_D 111 1,09S.8 I ,_3. O 2.0 I .eS7.6 1,6S3.6 4.0

(**g) (5_1.1| (s_.z) (I.ll (11_ .01 (ltZ.+) (z.t)

!1.6 II.l -4.3 34.1 34.4 0.4

Iml) (I0.01 (io.Zl (-o.z) (II.I) 118.¢) IS.Z)
Crll% Ioqf IIlI¢ttl, o1% I]S.4 I21.5 194.1 III.$ 6.0
|tCJS) | 444o_) l'Zl .t) (22.6) 1639.41 lli,.e) 11_.i)

5-1g_ IST GII01[ ¢I_OFF SlrmK 5-11_I 2gI

=
IolmIC Tql_. %1¢ ;'04.74 -a.o_ II._7.64 I : .905. S4

liO.S 1711.4 1.I )N.O S.S

Ira) (_z.e) (+.t) (TiZ.e) (Is9.o) (3.01

511_41-fi|Q41 lellcltlo als ,'gz. I ,II

.lllZ. ) I 7.M2.6 °0.3 10D849.3 -4.7
IlL*s) ( _3.5_II. I I (_S.SlS. I1 (-I .el (3S.57,.41 (3S,Sf4.IJ (-1S.4)

Irllt_lt PI_ liLNi11. 0.0_I Oeo1_2 II.OlJ 6.0341 6.7M 0.144

81.4It q lol le. IH.711 114.710 -_.O41,Z 1II.016 117.967 0.079

51r941_ Io4geo to ]_ ,6lS. 2 I.IL].7 -11.$

¿tool (i.sl;.s) (I.lZT.S) I -le.o)

67.4 67._
136.11 1)6.3) Ii.I)

I_s.I !.6
18S6._) IIS_-I) 1_.6)
+ J
21.171 ZO,I2| ! 0.054
leclteaCtOe, deql

06.041,I M .14g -0.01I

Itesc4N_q I_e. dml

0._171JI 0 ,l_II, *l.l_ll

|c4est_ ¢1 t_
Z Z -1,773.210 +i.711,'JIl +
C 3. o-t, I.I,.esl.Ti4) I -II.141.1+4| [-LI,066!
[_tr,%l)

4-6
 °
.Ib . .

Table 4-3. Comparison of Separation Events

PAIA_ETEt ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-NON

S-ICIS-Z! S£PANA?ION

NortOn Ttme. 5e( 162.9 1_3.4 -0.5

_I_Itvdo, km 68,1 5L4 .n 3

(NI) (_e.o) {._6.;; (-0.1)

_lsce-F|lee Velocity, ee/s 2,751.7 Z.S

(eels) (O.036.1) (9,027.9) (O.Z)

FlfO_t Po¢_ Anqle. de9 zo. ISI 20. ZOO -0.057

Needing Angle, dig 91.741 91.916 -0.174

94.7 95._ -0.6

(5_ .t) (ST .S) (-0.4)

Cross Mnnqe, bee 0.3 0.6 -0.$

(meI) (O.Z) (0.3) (-o.t)
?
Cress Range Velocity, ee/s 6.7 14.5 .7.|
(ft/s) (2Z.O) (47.5) (-Zs.t)

t Geodetic Latitude. dig g Zo. 56o Z8.S77 0.003

d
Leqttvde. dee [ -79.637 -79.630 -0.007
F

+. i,
S-|itS-|Vl S[PA_ATIOR

tinge Tteee. SiC 550,f 561.1 -O.S

i

Altt rude. ken " 172.6 172.1 O.S

! Spice*Fined

Flight Pith
Velocity,

Ang|e,
soil
(ft/s}

deq
6,992.0
(22,942.3)
(93.Z)

0.244
(92.9)

6.967.2
(Z2,858.3)

O. Z36
(0.3)

(ZS.A)
(84.0)

o. 000

Heeding Angle. dog 100.424 100.36.: 0.060

1.663.6
,.,,.- T (,8.3)
1,660. i
[195.4)
3.S
(I .s)
)

Cross liege, km 35.0 34.4 o.4

(ml) (to.s) (11.7) (o.z)
Cress hnge Velocity, ee/s 195.3 189.3 4.0
(_tls) (64o.7) (621.1) (lg.S)

Geodetic LetJtode, dig g ZI.MS Z6.874 -0.009

Leqttede, dq [ -63.811 -63.866 O.03S

S*i II/CSN SEPAJATION

[ ,,

Itoqe Tieee. oec 13,347.6 13,406.S. -S7.9

AI el tm, ken 1,604.4 6,912.S *301.1

(ml) (3,667.Z) (3,73Z.S) (-166.])

Specol*flsed Velocity. eels 7,724.7 7,633.0 91.7

(film) (2S,343.S) (ZS,04Z.7) ( 300. e)

Fllldlt Pill Ample, deMI 44.100 44.847 -O.iJ7

lieedtag Aqle, 4q IOL7S7 102.166 0.631

Geodetic LoSllede, 4Jq • -ZS.716 -25.944 0.224

Leqlt_ek. dog I[ 11.N4 13.161 -l.lll

4-7
 • °

Table 4-4. Parking Orbit Insertion Conditions

I " PARAMETER ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-NOM

Range Time, $ec 712.66 716.74 -4.08

Altitude. km 170.b 170.3 O.Z

(nmt) (92.1) (92.0) (0.I)

Spice-Fixed Velocity, m/$ 1.804.i 7,804.3 -_).Z

• (fits) (2b.604.0) (25,604.7) (-0.7)

Flight Pith Ansle, deg 0.003 -0.001 0.004

Heading Angle, dog IOS.OZl 105.082 -0.061

Inclination, dog 28.526 28.524 0.002

............. DeScending Node, dog 86.97n 87.024 -0.046

Eccent.'tcity 0.0000 0.0001 -o.oo01

Apogee, kl 167.2 167.¢ -0.2

(90.3) {93.4) (-n.t)
Perigee, km 166.6 166.6 0.0
(nml) (go.o) (90.0) (o.e)

Period. m/n 87.83 87.83 0.00

Geodetic Litttude, deg N 24.680 24.542 0.038

Longitude, dog E -$3.810 -53.633 0.177

z"! ,'_

_$,.,-.,
,_<---4&,z.:F,., _t_t
-80
,,,,.,.,...,
.lJix
T.
L 1
CO_alS
- _)
_IelSTS S. 1ISIITIII _IID t. I_I|I$1CILI _r
.
I. IILJ e. ISCIR$tlI tl. _all Q willy NIqKgTtII
3. NTIIN ;. II_IIIIP 11. 60tISTIII

*. HmNiom 8. _umael Q SI¢lml NILIrVIIM

LNITI.

Figure 4-5. Launch Vehf"e Groundtrack

4-8
 el

Comparisons between the actual and nominal space-fixed velocity and

flight path angle are shown in Figure 4-6. The actual and noninal total
non-gravitational acceleration comparisons are presented in Figure 4-7.
The lower than nominal velocity and acceleration shown in Figures
4-6 and 4-7, respectively, are due to the heavier S-IVB stage resulting
from the 4.08 seconds early first $-IVB cutoff. The actual and nominal
$*IV8 second guidance cutoff conditions are presented in Table 4-2. The
_!i?ht!y longer than nominal burn compensated for the heavier S-IVB
stage and resulted in near nominal conditions at cutoff.

. 4.2.4 Early Translunar Orbit Phase

The early translunar orbit trajectory spans the interval from translunar
injection to S-IVB/CSH separation. Tracking data from one C-Band
....... station (Carnarvon) and one S-Band station (Ascension) were fitted using
the procedure outlined in 4.2.2. The actual and nominal translunar
injection conditions are compared in Table 4-5. The S-IVB/CSM separation
conditions are presented in Table 4-3. The large differences at CSM
set.ration were due to the earlier than nominal separation time which
...... wls Con_Landerinitiated.
i
/:

Table 4-5. Translunar Injection Conditions

PAIAM[ |L I ACTUAL N0nINAL ACT-NON

.a ii i i i

Rmnge Time. sec 11,917.5S 11,91S.S4 ?.11

Altitude. Im 313.S 307.7 S.5

.T
(fie|) (16g.3) (i66.I) (3.2)

Spe_e-Flued Yelo¢fty, mlS 10.831.0 10,642.1 -S,t

(ft/S) : (3S.SSA.S) (3S.S71.2) (m6.7)
Flight Peth Angle. deg 7.384 7.240 O. 144

Hee_ln9 Ang)e, deg 110.116 110.039 0.077

incilnallOn, de9 28. 474 2|.523 O.OSl

Oescendfng modo. deg 86.0Sl 86.149 -O.Olll

,%
|¢¢entrt¢lty 0.9720 O.9721 -0.1}001

m2-/s 2 -1,59S,90S -I,58g,025 -5,gS9

3(_t2/sz) (-18,2SS,431) (-18,100oS2S) ( - 74 ,gO6 )

i,
4-9
 "" 8 • o°

- .

-q, t_ tit i i i, i. >/-.. !i _J_, _-_

• " - _..,o_- '.. _.-, _. • _ ! - t ._ _ ')' _- * t-_ , _-t',

_,llol _ vii . $1Lt:lllil_

# maim 111nt. qmoq; :alle_| : $|COM$

Figure 4-S. Injection Phase Space-Fixed Velocity and Flight Path

Angle Compar_sons

"i,.- -i .........
,,___
D _.:,e .corn ice " _ , ; _ _-/
o
g

,_ u.@
[, ,o

! [_ I _ i i - - _ ".9" '-
' t I I_ _.P.--'! ....
' , I ,...v]
| ; I .... ]
|
I
I
0.2,

,N
qlO dim

,':,l-,, _'4-
IIII. _11'; _llllfn dlltll_

F'igure 4-7. Ir_lection Phase Acceleration C_npar|son

4-10

.t--
 SECTION 5

S-IC PROPULSION

S.l SUMMARY

All S-IC propulsion systems performed satisfactorily. In a11 cases, the

propulsion performance was very close to the predicted nominal. Overall
stage site thrust was 0.30 percent higher than predicted. Total pro-
pellant consumption rate was 0.16 percent higher than predicted and the
total consumed mixture ratio was 0.002 percent higher than predlct_d.
SpeciTic(mpulse was 0.14 percent higher than predicted. Total propellant
consumption from Holddown Arm (HDA) release to _Jtboard Engines Cutoff
(OECO) was low by 0.14 percent.

Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) was initiated by the Instrument Unit (IU)
i at t39.30--seconcrs_
0.02 seconds earlier than planned. OECO was initiated
by the fuel depletion sensors at 161.20 seconds, 0.47 seconds earlier than
predicted. This is well within the +5.99, -4.22 second 3-sigma limits.
At OECO, the LOX residual was 36,479 Ibm compared to the predicted 37,235
Ibm and the fuel residuat was 26;305 Ibm compared to the predicted 29,956
Ibm.
(
} The S-IC hydraulic system performed satisfactorily.

5.2 S-IC IGNITION TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE

The fuel pump inlet prestart pressure of 45.3 psia was within the F-1 engine
acceptable starting region of 43.3 to 110 psla.

The LOX pump inlet prestart pressure and temperature were 81.3 psia and
-287.3°F and were within F-1 engine acceptable starting region, as shown
by Figure 5-1.

The planned 1-Z-Z F*I Engfne start sequence (Engf_s 5, 3-1, 4-2) was
not achieved. T_o engines are considered to start together tf both
thrust chamber pressures reach 100 psig within 100 milliseconds. By
this definition, the starting order was 2-1-1-1 (Engines 5-3, 1, 4, 2).
The butldup times of all ftve engines as measured fma engine control
valve open signal to lOOpstg chamber pressure, Table 5-1, were faster
than predicted, although within specifications. The 2-1-1-1 start
sequence had no adverse affect on either propulsion system performance
or on the structure.

5-1

J
 Q

60 80 100 120 140 160 180

106.

-F! I II
102.

I 1
I__i ,:o,o' LL ,_t'" I ,
_1__Z:,__!___I :
B
I I ii /1 I '., I 1 I 1 1 i _ I ;| F_---
s !l ;k ,_, /I 1 t t i t I I i I I ;i I I
,i

.%
;t
- 94

-[[| i I f t Ii I I I:-----
90 ! i 4-.1' I J ' I I ' I
I

4O 50 60 70 aO 90 i00 !10 120 130

L.OXm !_.ET P_E$c._tE. _cj2
i

Figure 5.1. S-[C LOX Start Box Requirements

!

Table E-1. F-1 Engine SysCemsBuildup Ttmes

llUILDUP TII_, Si[CCIli)S

_GI_ 2 E._IJ_ 3 ENGXNE 4 EI_IIIE 5
Pr_|cted t 4.0_; ;GS 3.925 3.990 3.933
Actual* 3.862 ..861 3.6O5 3.669 3.819
0t fference O. 1;5 0.104 O.320 0.321 0.114
_i r_ctton Fast Fast Fast Fast Fas_

*Ttme from 4-ray control valve open S$_nal to 100 Pst9 c_mOuStEon chai_n" pmsur_
Ali t_mes corrected to _o_n41 pres¢4_ conditions

The destred 1-2-2 start sequencems also not achieved on f11ghts AS-SGT,
AS-S08, and AS-S10. The ti_ing of the start signals to each engine Js
adjusted to achieve the desired start sequence and ts based on data fr_
_nd_v_dual engine firings and the single data sample _n the stage environ-
merit obtained fro_s_tic fJrtng. Typically, a wide d_sperston of start

5-2
 t

times is observed at the stage static firing. This dispe_sior is

attributed prin_rily to the differences between the stage conditions and
single engine test stand conditions. Adjust_nts made between stage static
.......
firing and launch have been effective in reducing the dispersions sub-
stantially. However, it is apparent from review of data from all the
Saturn V launches, that the system cannot be fine tuned accurately enough
to consistently assure the desired start sequence within the lO0 ms
criterion. This fact is probably attributable to a combination of the
.........
limited data sample in the stage environment and typical engine start
time dispersions even under controlled conditions.

The structural implications of a non-standard engine start sequence

for the Skylab mission have been examined considering significantly
larger dispersions than experienced on AS-S12 and other Saturn V flights,
p_
and there-is no .concern. Accordingly, no modification of the present
engine start sequence implementation is planned.

The reconstructed propellant consumption during holddown {from ignition

co,nand to holddown arm release) was 75,090 l_ LOX (67,031 Ibm predicted)
and 22_015 ibm fuel-(l_,764 Ibm predicted). The greater than predicted
:t
propellant consumption during holddo_ yes due to the faster engine start
h and longer burn before holddown release. The reconstructed nrooellant
load at holddown Arm release was 3_,2)g,298Ibm LOX (3,243,g32 Ibm predicted)
e
and 1,409,906 Ibm fuel (I,415,766 lbm predicted). ,.

Thrust buildup rates were as expected, as _.hownin Figure 5-2.

9.0 Z.O
S

$.0

i,
7.0 mt -- --
1.5

ii
0
?
6.0
_t
I m

5.0
,-.- (_zm( z I.O --

4.0 .--- ENGI_ 4

.1.0 J i

2.0
/____ O.S

1.0
'1/
0
)')L I 0
-S.O, -4.3 -3.0 -Z.O -I.0 0 1.3

Figure 5-2. S-IC Engines Thrust Buildup

5-3
 4"

kb 0

The enqineMain Oxidizer Valve (;(OV),P_in Fuel Valve (),F'/),

and Gas
Generator (GG) ball valve opening ti_es were nnminal.

5.3 s-IC _INSTAGE PER.r'ORMA;4CE

S-IC stage propulsion performance was satisfactory. Stage thrust, specific

impulse, mixture ratio, and prop_.llantflowrate were near nominal pre-
......
dictions as shown_in FigureL5-3. The stage site thrust (averaged f-om ti_e
zero to OECO) was 0.30 percent higher than predicted. Total prope.lant
consum@tion rate was 0.16 percent higher than predicted and the total con-
sumed mixture ratio was 0.002 percent higher than predicted. The speci-
fic impulse was 0.14 percent higher than predicted. Total propellant
consumption from HDA relea'_ to OECO was Icy;by G.14 percent.

For comparison of F-l engine flight performance with predicted performance

the flight performance has been analytically reduced to standard condi-
tions and compared to the predicted performance which is based on ground
firings and also reduced to standard conditions. These comparisons are
shown in.Table_5°2 f(_rt,_e35 to 38-second time slice. The largest thrust
deviation from the predicted value was -7 klbf for engine 2. Engine_ I
and 5 had lower thrusts than predicted by 6 an(ll klbf, re__pectively.
Engines 3 and 4 had higher thrust than predicted by l and 2 klbf,
respect_ively. Total stage thrust was II Klbf lower than predicted for an
average of -2.2 klbf/enaine. These performance values are derived from
a reconstruction math model that uses a chamber pressure and pump speed
match.

An II Hz, 8 psi peak amplitude, oscillation was observed in the S-lC

Engine No. 2 fuel suc,ion line inlet pressure. This oscillation was
also observed during S-IC-12 static test and disposed of at that time
as no problem. This phenomenon Is a self-induced o_cillation charac-
teristic of the F-I fuel pump and has been observed on previous flights.
The oscillation is Net Positive Suction Pressure {NPSP) dependent and its
sensitivity varies from engine to engine. The stage accelerometer data
are nominal at II Hz and comparable to that of previous flights, im(!icating
the vehicle structural gain at this frequency is small.

The ambient gas temperature under Engine No. l cocoon increased shortly
after liftoff and exceeded previous flight data from approximately 30 to
65 seconds by a maximum of about 13°C. After 1OO seconds the t_mpera -
ture returned to a normal level and remained similar to the cocoon
ambient temperature level for the other engines. The increase in the
ambient gas temperature did not affect engine performance during flight.
The two most probable causes of the temperature increase are: _) a
minor hot gas leakage from the Gas Generator drain port plug which
subsequently sealed, 2) a temporary loss of cocoon insulation integrity
(possible loose combustion drain access cover) which later :orrected
itself. Both of these possible causes for the cocoon ambient tomper_ture
rise are discussed in detail in Section 13.2 Vehicle Thermal Environment.

5-4
 di_/tt-l.ol " ,

!ililt1!._!_,
iiiii!!i_:

q7 !-i i-! I i i i _ :"

• [ ,_. . __ : i _ "

1'_ ,_ i I I 5 i . i '
I i _ I [
a _ a k -

! i ["_ ....
-.%"

'liiiii-'_:i:i 77_ .

_a

I:

_" ! ] I 1 i ! ! i" "2 _-

| ! i I i

I
IN ,_ l
\ I i -- 2".--

_-[-
: = v _.

• I I II :I I

[_-- -
L

_-._ ,Nm,_ __..,.._.,_

 o

+--.+

+.

+ .

--7
f

.+

. _-++

+_+--+

_6
.
-- +

, +2
,'he F-1 e_gire trr,_s: decay transient was nc_tnal. The cutoff trlx;lse.
reasured _ c_toff sigr_1 to zero thrust, was 669.632 |bf-$ fcr t_e
center eng_r_ (0.| _erce_t less than predicted) and 2,593,423 lbf-$
for all out_r_ en_ir.es (3.0 _rcent _reater than predicted). The
total stage cutoff ir_ulse of 3,263,055 lbf-s was 2.3 percent greater
tt_n I_re_i tied.

Center e_gine cutoff was |nttlated by t_e IU _t 139.30 seconds, 0.O2

second earlier tt_n planned. Cutoff signal to the outb_rd e_gtne$
_s inttiate_ by fuel depletion and occurred 0.47 second earlier than
the noBir_l _re<ltCte_ tfme of 161.67 seconds. The fuel dt_ietton cutoff
was cause_ _y the ht_er t_n I_reeltCted fuel density due to chtlldmm
of the .*_e; dur-|nq tr_.2__u_ 40 _tnute _,o|d and the $|tght|y higher than
_(r4| I_¢n rue| _ensity for this flight. The earl), cutoff tkls _ue
mtn]y :o sl|ehtly _is_er than _re_icted sickle s|_ thrust (0.0_ pet'Ceflt
htqher) and _e acc_nytn9 htgher _oei|ant flo_rates.

S- IC ST_,£ P_ELL_IT. m_tG£_

The S-IC stage does not have an acttve _'c_ellant utilization System.
lqni_ residuals are o_tatned by att_pttn 9 to load t_ n_xt_re ratio
expected to be consure_ by the engines plus the pr_tcted unusable
residuals. _n analysts of the mtduals experienced dm-tn_ • flight
ts a 90od measure of the performnce of the passive propellant utiliza-
tion s_st_m.

The rest_ual L0X at 0Ecn uas 36,479 11_u c_arecl to _he predicted
value of 37,235 Ibm. :he fuel residual at 0EC0 uas 26,30S Ibm cremated
_o _ _red_cted value of 29,9S6 ltm. A s_mar7 of the propellants
remaining at aaJor ever, t ttmes is presented In Table 5-3.

5.5 S-.ICIIqIESSURIT..ATIOI
STSTEXS

5.6.1 S-:C Fuel l_resam_1_atloo Sysl_m

The fuel tank _ressurtzatlOn SyStem performed wtlsfactortly, klK_p|ng

ullage pressure u4thtn _cce_table ltwits durtng fltg_t. Helium Irl_u
Control Valves (HFCV) _o. I t_rou9_ 4 o_ as planned and NIftY no. S
ws not recurred.

The leu fle_ _$u_tz_tlo_ system ml$ ¢mmanded on at -97.0 S4COadS.

The lm trlcu system ms cycled on • second t_e at -3.1 secmds. Htg_
_a_ pressuriZatiOn, _.amlts_ed by the cmlx_rd gress_rtzattcm s),_f_m,
_erqorned as e_l_ct_d. _FCY Iio. I _s c_ on at -2.7 secmds and
uas $_M)lement_edby the ground htg_ fln_ prew_S_rtzattom system rot11
_ipt 1 teal d¢_t.

Fuel _nk u11_le pressure ms ud',.hdn _ Iprodlct_ llml?_ _t

5-7

, • , _-. , ,
 Table 5-3.. _-[C Propellant Mass Htstory

t[1fl[L_Jl _il I_C_11mCTED. ¢m

LIP
OaTJ. Llm (lIST £STImT[)

tOf LOt r_L LOI

|_,tlem Corn 3JlO._3 1.131.S2S " -* 1.431.921 3..114.]8 1.4]I.IIZl

Po14_ &m -I
3.;43.y3,? ! .41S.766 ].2i|.S§I 1.410.116 ).Z_.Z_ 1.109.105
Oele_se

cIco 182.M! M) _ 181.115 ]i118.0i,4 IIZ.IlO

cEco 37._S- .... _._ 36.631 Z7,,'%1 ]i.l_P ZliJoS

_et,o. 31 .TTZ JoJ;; z].:_

Zere _t ,1! °644 _.901

flight as $ho_ by Figure S-4. HFtY lio.'s 2, 3 and 4 were cemlnded open
durtng f11ght by the saritCh selector _lthtn Kceptable limits. Helium
t_tt_e pressure sis 3000 psla at -2.8 seconds and deca)Id to 475 psla
at 0(C0. Total hellum flourate yes Is expected.

Fuel _ Inlet pressure ms iliniSIIllld litre the rl_ptred urlnlmu Net

_'osl_|ve _t,l(,ll Ptessure (_;3P) during flight.

5.6.2 S-IC LOX Pr_ssurlzlt|on STstem

The LW[ prtssur4zatlcm system performd Utlsflctorlly lld ill I_rfor*

mnce _S_ts _ met. The ground prewessuri_Jttc_ systm llln-
tatned ullage pressure _il_lm acclptdple limits until launch COa|t.
The oMeard _t_rt_tlc_ systam perfarmd satisfactorily during flight.

The I_x_ssirlzatto_ sysr_ -us tdttatsl at -72.0 seconds. U11nge

pressur_ I,creised to BI preprtsslrizltto_ S_KJl bind l_l flgl-is
terrlnated at *M.3 seconds. The Ira. fle_ system ms c)rcled em three
mldltJo_ll ttmes at -42.9. *,_.8. and *S.4 seconds. At *4.7 s4amds.
the _lgh flo_ s_rstem ms tmlnded m and mlnt_lned ullage Wessure
ut?J_ln accel_able 14mrs until liacl ¢amlt.

5-8

m - u in --
 . • c_0.I n_l qO. 40el]. 133.0

il llllf ,.
"...... ' .[ / ''''i
t l l m 1 I

"i ," ''''.,.,.

.....
.,..,]
.." '"

|
:) , Z4

T I ...... 1-'_1-
i I_NCIUP INlalNln

14 ! ! ! Ivl J J JV J
e 4O 40 m I_ I_ Im 160

II]JIoSlUCI_JeS

Figure S.4. S--IC Fuel Tank Ullage Pressure

Llllage pressure _s wi_tn the predicted limits throughout fltght as

shove In Ft_re S-S. GOX flarrate to the tank was as expected. The
mx4u GOX flo_ate after the {nlttal transte_l; was 48.8 II:_VS at CECO.

The LOX _ tnlet pressure met the i|n|_ _ requ4remeet throughout

flt_t.

5.7 S,-IC PII(IJ_TIC CORTRIX. _

The control pressure sptm functioned satisfactorily throughout the

S-IC fl |ght.

S¢_ere pressure _ls 2970 psfa at 11ftoff and reu_,ned steady until ¢ECO
_hen tt decmsed to Z8SO psla. The decrease v_s due to center engtne
;x_valve _ctuatton. There _s a further decrease to 247S psta after
O[CO. Pressure r_julator performnce *as vithtn traits.

The e_g4ne _eva|ves ve_e ClOSed tfter C[CO and O[CO aS r_|red.

s. s _ Zc PL_ STATIC5

P_o_ce of the p_r_e s_s?_ms _s s_it|sfa_tor_f dur|ng _|_tt•

5-9
 _B

24 *

i .....
F.....
11 7-,-,
i • i | I AS-SIZ Irl.l;_T
_TA

I ¸ |

10

!
I

0 20 40 kO dO I00 167 140 i_

Figure 5-5. _-;C LOX Tank Ullage Pressure

The tur_oma,p L0X sea] storage sphere pressure of 2955 psta at ltftoff
was within the prestart |imtts of 2700 to 3300 psta. Pressure was
w|thtn the predic*.ed envelope throughout fitght and was 2805 psia at;
OECO.

The pressure regulator performance throughout the flight was vithir, the
8_ +._10
pstg limits.

5.9 S-IC POGO5UPPRESSION$¥STEIq

The POG0 suppressfon system performed sattsfactor_,ly during S-IC flight.

0ut_ard L0X prevalve temperature measurements Indicated that the pre-

valve cavttte_ were ftlled with gas prior to ltftoff as p)armed. The
four resistance themmeters behaved durtng the k%512 flight st_larly
'Co the fl|ght of AS-S1|. The temperature measurements in the Outboard
L0X prevalve cavftfes remained mm (off scale hfgh) throughout flight,
indicating helium remained in the prevalves as plan_qJ. The two
therIcmters in the center engine I_revalve were cold, indicating LOX in
this valve as plann_. The r_essure and floura=e 4n the system uere
noarihal.

5-.10
 5.10 S-IC HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM

The performance of the S.IC_hydr.aulic system was satisfactory. A_I

ser_o-actuator supply pressures here within required limits.

Engine control system return pressures were within predicted l|mtts

and the engine hydraulic control system valves operated as planned.

.6

?
?

!
5-11/5-12
 SECTION 6

S-If PROPULSION-

6. l S UMM_RY

The S-II propulsion systems performed satisfactorily throughout the

flight. The S-II Engine Start Command (ESC), as sensed at the engines,
occurred at 163.6 seconds. Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) was initiated by
the Instrument Unit (IU) at 461.21 seconds, 0.47 seconds earlier than
planned. Outboard Engine Cutoff (OECO), initiated by LOX depletion
sensors, occurred at 559.66 seconds giving an outboard engine operating
time of 396.1 seconds. ............

t- Engine mainstage performance was satisfactory throughout flight. The total

stage thrust at the standard time slice (61 seconds after S-II ESC) was
0.14 percent below predicted. Total propellant flowrate, including pres-
surization flow, was 0.19 percent below-predicted, _d the stage sDeciflc
impulse was 0.05 percent above predicted at the standard time slice.
Stage propellant mixture ratio was 0.36 percent below predicted. Engine
thrust buildup and cutoff transients were within the predicted envelopes.-

The propellant management system performance was satisfactory throughout

loading and flight, and all parameters were within expected limits except
the LOX fine mass indication. Propellant residuals at OECO were 1401 lbm
LOX, as predicted and 2752 Ibm LH2, I07 Ibm less than predicted. Control
of Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR)was accomplishedwith the two-position pneu-
r matically operated Mixture Ratio Control Valves (MRCV). Relative to ESC,
the low EMR step occurred 1.6 seconds earlier than predicted.

The performance of the LOX and LH2 tank pressurization system was satis-
factory. Ullage pressure in both tanks was adequate to meet or exceed
C
engine inlet Net Positive Suction Pressure (NPSP) minimum reouirements
throughout mainstage.
r,
Performance of the center engine LOX feedline accumulator system for POGO
* suppression was satisfactory. The accumulator bleed and fill subsystems
operations were within predictions.
i The engine servicing, recirculation, helium injection, and valve actuation
systems performed satisfactorily.

S-II hydraulic system performance was normal throughout the flight.

6.2 S-II CHILLDOWN AND BUILDUP TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE

The engine servicing operations reauired to condition the engines prior

{T to S-II engine start were satisfactorily accomplished. Thrust chanl)er
i"

6-I
T
jacket temperatures were within predicted limits at bo_h prelaunch and
5-11ESC. Thrust chamber chilldown requirements are -200°F maximum at
pre|aunch commit and -150°F maxi_'nnat engine start. Thrust chamber
temperatures ranged between -2_6-and,258°F at prelaunchcommit and
between -238 and -207°F at S-II ESC. Thrust chamber warmup rates
during $-IC boost agreed closely with those experienced on previous
flights.

Start tank system performance was-satisfactory. Both temperature and

pressure conditions of the engine start tanks were within the required
prelaunch and engine start boxes as shown in Figure 6-I. Start tank
temperature and pressure increase rates were normal during prelaunch and
S-IC boost.

Start tank relief valve operat$onwas noted.onEngine No. 3. This

characteristic had been predicted based upon results of the AS-512 Count-
down Demonstration Test (CDDT) start tank relief valve setting test.

All engine helium tank pressures were within the prelaunch limits of
2800 to 3350 psia and engine start limit_ of 2000 to,3500 psia. Engine
helium tank pressures ranged between 2940 and 3060 psia at prelaunch
commit and between 3030 and 3160 psia at S-II ESC.

Engine helium tank pressures during start and initial mainstage operation
were within the predicted limits as shown in Figure 6-2. The helium tank
pressures decayed 350 to 370 psi during the engine start transient.

During the countdown hold initiated at -30 seconds, the hold options were
exercised. The launch vehicle was maintained in the Hold Option 2 condi-
tion for approximately 73 minutes. This reouired control of the J-2
engine start tank and helium tank pressures to assure that they would remain
within redline limits during the hold. Engine helium tank pressure was
maintained by manual venting using the emergency vent solenoids. Start
tank pressures were similarly controlled by use of the emergency vent
solenoids until the start tank relief valves functioned to automatically
maintain the tank pressures. A special test was run during the CDDT
to determine the individual characteristic of each start tank relief
valve and to show that it was comparable with existing stage redllnes.
Figure 6-3 shows the start tank pressures and temperatures during the
option 2 hold. Figure 6-4 illustrates the repeatibility of the start tank
relief valves operation as evidenced during an Option 2 Hold.

During the hold period the prechilled start tanks warmed up at a rate of
approximately 1,7°F/min, Fifty eight minutes after initiating the hold,
engine 3 start tank had warmed up to the maximum temperature (-146°F)
allowed by the redline requirements. At this point it was necessary
to subject all five start tanks to a short rechill cycle in order to keep
the respective temperatures within redline limits. Figure 6-5 shows the
start tank and helium tank conditions during the rechill cycle. After
the rechill and pressurizing, the start tank and helium tank pressures
were controlled during the remainder of the hold and countdown using the
emergency vent solenoids.

6-2
 I I I I

', +
1 J+ ' '
_ ' I--
<:; <_ c; " <_
+'+t-
L l I _+./_" _ : z z

i S, ', ..... +-l.... \ \Jo<,+:,o ,> +

___|__ _ \x!
_+ ....... .+ i]- 4_
U

"+
t ++,,', l\t'+, E
o
4_

!.

P..+0, +/%., . . +I._ _,,+

.....
++

° +o ), ,,_ "l _+., /, o"" RI

4_
i,,

VI

_J
Y

/
/:

+,, " I _, |
,+
,_ ,,_

EL
_" "" I
8
"_ "+_ • II
f

,_+ \ _-.%
,,,• ..... ]
.'i _.

°
qr
°
41_
It °
_1
_ °
..4

_tsd "_lnS_ld IV1 1W15

+:-.

6-3
 f/

I
" F ......... i
744
i /-- ;REDIf.T[D

! __2

70_ ,

, i ,

-zsoo
peoo _$ o [1_o. I
i

v EIG toO. 4
0 _1. dJ

.$ 1o
j
I$
TIN[ F_

Fi.oure 6-2. S-I! Engine Hellum Tank Pressures

6-4
 i r i -- -- I p -- I

! _-':_;_J_ "::' : 1 , . -

• ,
(
.... i.... i....... _ I i ....
://
Y

.i _,,", -i@.-',/l
P
! , : .: ,:-.. -. _ ,., _ . __...,,.,f ..,:r_ I ' e",,°

I 1 i I '
i,
i
...L _
, ' ] : )J i t t i
!
i ! i ' I
i i r. ) ,. ,,_
-ZSG -ZOO -ISO
STilT T_¢C TF_IPEi_T_I{, air

Fioure 6-4. Comparison of S-I! Star_ Tank Conditions During CDDT& Launch
t

This is the first time the S-I! stage ),as been required to rechill its
engine start tanks during an actual launch situation. Personnel, proce-
dures, and hardware all performed as expected and all results were com-
pletely satisfactory.

The LOX and LH2 recirculatlon systems, used to chill the feed ducts, turbo-
pumps, and other engine components performed satisfactorily during prelaunch
and S-IC boost. E,gine pump inlet temperatures and pressures at S-ll
ESC _ere Well within the requirements as shown in Figure 6-6. The LOX pu_
inlet pressure for all five engines was approximtely O.S psi above the
predicted envelope because the LOX tank experienced an approximate l psi
increase in ullaoe pressure between S-IC OECO and S-II E$C. This _essure
increase is attributed to the small ullage volume, coupled with the springback
of the aft bulkhead at S-IC OECO, thus compressing the pressurant in the
ullage. The LOX pump discharge temperatures at S-II ESC were approximately
14.0°F subcooled, el" _lo_ the 3°F subcooling reouirment.
-L

7 Ag,_in,as _" $-5ii the deletion of the S-If ullage motors did
not adv- recirculation system. The characteristic tem-
perat,, pump discharge te_erature between S-IC OECO
7 and .imately !.5°F, similar to that experienced on
_a otors installed.

.on of the propellant ta-ks was accomplished satisfactorily.

. pressures at S-II ESC _ere 41.5 psia for LOX and 2g.l psla
.,L,well above the minimum requirement of 33.0 and 27.0 psia,
espectively.

6-5 v
i
 o .

PRESSURE
SUPPLYON
HELIIJH PRESSURE
SUPPLYOFF STARTTANK VENTSCLOSED
_ HELIIM _jT,STARTTANKVENTSOPEN
STARTTANK ;UPPLYOFF
STARTTANKSUPPLYON
- 3600

34oo t' !

3200
J [
3 i \. ,I
i
t i • ]
i

I I
HEL! UN TMK
STARTTANK
i '

z
¢
#

f
!

1400 ;

120C
L

_. 1000 -
L

80o
6oo¸
!

4oo _" W _r
-22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11

RA;IG_TIME, NNUI"ES

Figure 6-5. S--II Start Tank Rech|11 Sequence (Engine 1, Typical)

6-6
 LHZ PLINPI;_LET PRESSUR[, rl/_ z
20 Z5 30
-414 JL 1 J
r
SATURATIONCURVE -_ .... _ "" o_

3 -418
/ • R[qUH_.HEr,TSl ......
.. _-
/- .LI_ [.V[LOPE I
" / _ PREOICTED ESC . J - ZZ'-
l,_ _," ENVELOPE l
_-4ZZ
--L__--L-----_,-- FLIGHT DATA ................
_.... _-
.il
N

-426
2S 30
[
35 40
l 4S SO
"
.......... ..... .

LH2 PUMP INLET PRESSURE, ps.a

L0X PUPIP[FLEETPRESSURE. N/on 2
21 23 ZS 27 29 31 33
-268

SATURATION
tar.
0

-276 o_
W
n,. o
t_

-100
O.

_5 .J

)1
-284 t_
I--
W
f Im

..I ' REQUtRE_ENTS

N ENVELOPE t_J
..J
9S 5
PREDICTED ESC tL
Q,.
I EIIVEILOPE
).C -29Z Q,.
O
,iJ FLIGHT DATA 0
ENGIMES ..J

NO. ] THROUGHS
9O

-3O0
3O 34 38 42 46
LOX _ [NLET PRESSURE, ps4a

Fiqure 6-6. S-II Engine Pump Inlet Start Requirements

6-7 i
 . . .

S-II ESC was received at 163.6 secoflds and the Start Tank Discharge Valve
(STDV) solenoid activation sional occurred 1.0 sec_ later. The engine
thrust tuildup was satisfactory ar.d well within the predicted thrust
buildup envelope. All engi.-es reacted 90 percent thruSt within 3.3
seconds after S-II ESC.

6.3 S-ll VAIIibT_GE PEPFO_)_C£ ..........

The provision _onstruction analysis sho_ed that stage perforce

duri_ mainstaoe Operation was satisfactory. _ c_aris_n of predicted
and reconsidered th_Sto specific 7_lSeo total fl_ateo and fixture
ratio versus ti_ is sh_ in Finure 6-7;-'$taee perfo_nce _s very close
to predicted. At ESC _61 seconds, total stage th_st was Io156o694 lbf
_ich wa_ 15_5 lbf (0.14 percent) be)_ the preflight prediction. Total _~ r-

propellant fl_ate tncludi_ _essurizatton fl_, _s Z743.4 i_/s° 0.19 -....

percent bel_ predicted. Staoe s_iftc t_-1_iSeo i_ludinq the effect

of pressurization gas fl_ateo was 421.6 Ibf°s/ll_o 0.05 percent alx)ve
p-edtct_-_d. The sta.oe propellant mixture ratio was 0.-_ T_cent below
predicted.

Center Engine Cutoff was initiated at ESC ÷Z97.6Z seconds, 0.47 seconds
earlier than planned. This action reduced total stage thrust by 2_1oi21
lbf to a level of 920,746 lbf. The E]qt shift from hi eh re low ocCurr_t
325.6 seconds after ESC and the reduction in stage thrust occurred as
expected. At ESC +351 seconds, the total stage thrust ms 787,009 Ibf;
thus, a decrease in thrust of 133,737 lbf mS indicated _ high
and 1_ E_R operation. S-II burn duration was 396,1 seconds,

Indivld,_al J-2 engine data are presented in Table 6-1 for the ESC ,61
second tim_ slice. Good coffelatton utsts _ predicted and _
strutted flight performance. The perfomance levels sham in Table 6-1
have not _en adjusted to standard J-2 altitude co_lttons and do not
include the effects of pressurization f|ow.

A1th_u_h the prooulslon reconstru_tiO_ was very close to the predicted,

the traJe_to_ r_str_tlc_. Section 4.2.1, Indicated that tM S-If
stage produced ap_roximteiy 23 _/s m velocity than predicted. Mhtle
this difference 1s _lth(n the norm| ril_je of tr_ectory d|sl_rs|im, the
unexpectedly poor ¢or_lat|m of the trl_ector_ Idth the e_j|nl W_dtct_d
and reconstructed performmnce Is unique In the htstm_ of the .5-11.
Fr_ a revtev of the precision and trajectory as wll as the htstor7 of
staqe and engine aanufact_ring and testing, it has been determined that
the combined contrlbuttem of initial conditions, tosses. I_se pressure
thrust, insulation erosicm, pro_11_t lo4dtng, progellant res|duls.
and rec_structad engi,e Ix_rform_ accounts for alX_lmmt_l¥ 9 m_s
of the addttta_lll velocfty, le4vt_g 14 m/s sttil to be e_lal_ed.
-.--?-=.

6-8

m i
i • I I - -iN IT I i _' --
_m ---
 -'h-T

.2-. _

,q-_-

-s. -

6-9

A
I U I I III _ I I_ I - " =-- •

• - " .... " :;L- _ -. --- - - ._- .-..;. --;- -__-. - _=.-: . ._.-- .---_ . -....
 Q

-- ...

{lSa) :,n _-II-)2 is t_ lowest of ¢_ S-II sta_)e. ¢m _lle t_n _s

evade tlwt the e_i_ log _ Isp values are _m_r_r. the :_(c_
staqe :_rfc_4_e _ld have _ v_r7 close to .t_mLjndtc_at_.)y tl_
traJ_t_ r_st_ti_ If t_ ¢_erage I_ for the e._i_s In _(s pro-
_uct_c_ )|C_* (E_i_s SiN _C_c0 t_r_h 25_) h_d _ as_. This _ld
italy rut the e_tne Is a_xi_tell is r_t_ata_le is its ¢ss_tited
inst_t_it io_.

The dlff_rce.$ fr_olved are quite _11. T_ difference _e_een t_

hl_k avlra_ ISp ¢rd the 5-11-12 mverage Io_._ values {_s) is _|n
the Ir_tr_er.tat:_.._tse level. The actual e_qtrue-t_-_qtr_ r_l_eatabtltty
(s v_r! s(mmilar to the tnitnl_ntattofl r_-tO-run relpeata_iltty. Therefore.
It |$ redsor_|e CO _lyl)ot._'_._fze Uld( _ |_r r_atl 41r_r4._ (n_ft_ O_rt_Orllt_e
(n_tcited by the log _ I$0 values _my not .hove been _I.¢_ _JkK.Ki4kmt
emit,_e perfc_rance tax have be_n close to _ olc_k averaq_. While the
reconltr_ttc_ uould detect a flowate contribution to an error in t_q lse,
it uould _t correct a t_ruit measurem_n¢ error. If this latter situation
were _ case. a significant difference between pr_dicted and rec_nstruCt_l
_roc_Iston values uould not be expected because the n_z_le efftci_e_c_ ....
coeff_clesl_ us_ in _th t_ propulsion r_flstr_t!_ _ the .eitctton

No _e to the _rcculstcm t_i_ fc_r_&-513 ts reautred :)eca_ the

actaal velocity i._c_t fr_ the _II-13, _Ich is _mm_J for an
eser_ :utofY, is not affected and becaus_ the payload effect is ntnt_ml
a_l t_ _ylab eisslon Is not Oayload crstlccl. Also _ difference between
_II-13 _ and the bl_ck avera_ ts _ly about _mlf as large aS that for
YlI-12.

Tw L_ srsr_m _¢s_ts, engine No. 4 _ inlet t_rar_re

_ir_e _o. 4 _ dis_ pressure., _Jhtbt_ _I @aric_ristias
_rtng _ later I_rt of _(gn E_ o_erattoe. Slflce _ measurements
were _it_|fl _e s_me _i_, a &_tail_ ex_mtnatic_ -as c_(lucte_ to

tlcn concluded tlh_t _ _i_ perfcrmmnce ct_lmge _S i_Ic_ by the

fl_t _mt_. For fu_ dlscus$1o_ of _ measurements refer to Table
15-3.

6.4 _II _t_ I_ID_T __

S-|| O(CO _I$ initiate_ by the siege LO[ _e_letson cutoff srsten is
planned.

T_e LOx _epleticm cutoff system again Inclu_e_ a 1.5 secT_ del_ l timer. "T

_s in previous flights (_ and s__t}, t_is resulted _n engine

m
m roll I
5-10

I I I - II- - " I'_-- "_ II

!
. _ .
.. /L ...... .--'- - -- -_ .............
 P

Table 6-1. S-l; [r_

smmt_t

I_mm¢, IW ! _l.e&
Z ZI;J4
i Zll.t Tll
4 rnjiI
$

Seactte_ Ile_Jk_o _u, ll_ ! I;N.!

Z
I 121.1)
4 17).]1
$ mA

_M.:m
; f_.JS
i _.ta

$ re.S1

Cq_ m,t_ m, tm_t_ I

Z %t%
!
$.gWf
$ t.tJ2
iii i

InS,liB1aNllm riD.

thrust dec_y (el)sen_ as • drop tn "_rus: _ pressure) prtor to

rKe(pt of t_e cutoff $t_mll.

The oul2_llrd engine thrvst de¢_]_ perforunce vii vtthln "_e predicted
bind. FirSt tf_tlCltlor4 of thr_t _ly ver_ nOtt_l 0.7S second prior
to CutOff signal on e_jlne I. !n order of engine p_sltton, thrust, decay
beqlan at 0.75, O.SO, O.SS. and 0.30 seconds prior to cutOff signal and
corr_pondtng c_mber pressure decays were 180, 180, 130 an4 129 psi.

A: S-II t_C.0 tOUl l.*Jr_l ._s _ to 612.126 Ibt r. SUge lhrlnt drooped /

to f;_ l_rr.ent _1r l_ls lewl .tilth 0.4 second. The sUge c_tOfl r ./
ioulse thrOugh _ flve l_t U_rusl lev_l IS esll_ce4 to be Ill,ll
lblr-s.

6.5 S-if ST_IG[_ _IT S'rST_I

lo,dlq _ fllglt _rf_a mF _ S-If sl,_l*imlla_t mmge-

i_t systme Ns'e eowl_l md all l_r_ m vltlln taxis1 rlqes.
only exr_,l_tlcm m the L0X fine Ill _ tl_t exklblted •
slgul levi r_Kttml mlr _t to _ volts / -2.S sor.omdsamd 1S
seax,ds _d then relm,ed tO nml_1 for tke r_llndor of tJ_ trllgM. Tkts
cmdtttan _ not bees _m.mL dftl; Fr_vtous trllgl_. A revtev el r the
LOll co4m ross i_d the Prll_lllnl Uttllzattm (PU, _ror stg_ll verifies
mt the PU Cemlmter LOI bridll _ 41d _tegly _ dim_q lkts
tim _eriod ell_dmtlng the possibility of"I tole_'tTy problem. Aftlr •
data revlev, thls slgmal ¢l_arKlerlsll¢ cmld treebe _m)lllmd by
tank comdltloes. Laboratory slmalatlons vlU_ elthf s4wles of perallel

6-11

• I mm m m i •
 ;e_re sys:es_ _rte_r::_ _111 _e cc_uc:e_ for S-;|-_3 and s'_sec.uer,:

5ee$cr :dC_ _rcl>ella_ load_r_ could _e used for gro_r_ _r_d_r<} 5rould this
_rOl_ l_ re<.ur.

;_,e _el]_ :ir_|_j Co_uter Syste_ (PTCS) _nd _,e s_e ,_r_ellant
_ae.a<;_ee= 5ys_eY5 _rcoe¢l! :_ro1]e_ S-_ loed_ ar,_-rep]-e_$rrer,_.
_11 _-_ 5_a<)e LOX ar_ L_2 l_au_d leve] _o_t sensCr_ at4 ca_ac:_arce
._ra_e_ c_era_ed ,_'_ a_y ;roO;e_s aurtrq _e pr_t_1_a,_ ]¢_K1_r_F.
_, L_I _rd LPZ overf_;1 _oir, t sensor Deftest _e_ |r_tc_t_c_5 _._re _11
._'_r "*e _oadt_ redlt_e _t U_e -_7 5ecc_ CCI_t_ _lnt.

_Oe,r..-_oclP CO_e.rol Of _ ".ur_r_ fligh¢ uas successfully ecco_]tsr_,_.:+_ro_g_.

v_e cf "J'e ec_It_e '_o _o_ttto_ pr,etw,,itlcal]y o_rated _tx_ur_ _a=io Co,ntro]
lalRs (v_C'l). It [SC. _elt_ pressure drove :_e valves :o _he e_ire
$_lr_ _oSt_to_ ¢or_reSD_tr_. _0 _he 4.8 [_R. Tt_ hi,fi _ (5.5)
-as r_e_ved a_ ESC -5.5 5ecor_s as expected, providing a _c_ir_l ht9_
of c.s fOr TJ'e ftrs'. _hase of t_e ProRr_c*ed _ix_ure Ra¢|o (l_O) ...........

,'he lae ___R.s_p occur_ a¢ [SC *325.6 seconds, vhtc_ |s 1.6 seconds
ear|_er "_ar. _re_tcted. This tt_ dtffereflce t5 moS_ 11ke]y caused by
_U c_ut_+._o_al cTcle errors or tt_ Saturn vehicle reac_tng the _reset
5_e_ c_and veloct_ a_ an earlier ttne _an planned. The average ERR
at _.e low steO .as 4.78 as c_mared to a predtc'_ed 4.80. This 1oust
_an planned [_R tS _ell _tth_n t_e t_o sigma __0.06 utxturre ra_to
_.o"+
e r ar_+e .

O_oard Engine Cutoff ((XCO) _as Initiated by the LOX ce_letton [CO
sensors at (SC -396.07 seccr_s ._tch ts 0.02 seconds lo'.er thin planned.
Ltqutd level I_lnc 5efl_O¢ _C_li _ r_?. Ava|ldb,_ _ _<r;_ 7 _r,dL _0X -
01etto_ occurred but engine parmeter5 such as thrust c_mmer _ressure.
It, Set _emeratures. lxaup speeds and pu_ flo_s all e_hlbi_d
cf_rlcf_risttCS Siatllr to LOX deolet|_ cutoff o_ DrevtM 1flightS.

Since 11outd level data uere not available, iwegellant rtstdu_! ross
In tanks deterrlnattoe _s done by other ae4ms. IMsed on predicted L_
0(CO ross. predicted LI(2 full load alss and tqmmeter data. prooellar.t
restdu81 mass fn tanks at 0[CO _re 1401 ltm L0X and Z7S2 ll:m U42 versus
1401 11_ L0X and 2_8 Ibm LH2 pred|cted. The open loop PU error at (3[CO
_s -107 lira IJI 2 u_tc_ _s _eT! within the esttmted three stgm dispersion
of .Z_o lira L"2-
Table 6-2 presents a c_q_rtson of propellant Basses as _easured by the
PU i_ and engtne flo_meters. The full 1old mass could not be
_-4ved using Dotnt sensors (data not available) as • reference. The
predicted value for LI_ ts used aS the best est|mte. ,'he LOJ[
full load Nss _s dertved from the engtne fl_eter tfltegra&:.-_n and
9ECO res:du_l value.

5-12

I |
it l , • ' ' ! I II I I -- • -- • • ,.
 Table 6-2. AS-512 Fl_-t S-I% l_ooellant "'_ss History

_j SvST£x _GINE FLOI,iqETEn

PtEDICTE:). L_ _Y$IS z:.-E_tT1m, cam
(BE_r ESTI_JIT()

LOx L_ _ox J ' '-"z, LOX LHz

I

$.-II ET_C 8,U.1c_0 160.206 844.1f.0 :+150.415 1842.469 I50.Z06

S.*ll P'U lfal_ St.e_ 1C7,c._E_ 2S,061 1" .;29 24,)67 109,354 2S._7

4m
Z Per_mt POint Senscw '".'_3 aM "" .e

S,-[! 0(¢0 1401 _ M _M 14_1

S,,.ll residual Afro t179 Z7,u Dau _ot Data not 1222 2S75
Thrust Decay .scale u'seaole
i i iJ a

Ioto: Table ts _ co miss tn U_ks and _ only. i_,'o_ellae_

l_ra_ed ex_r_l to tanks and LOX s_p is not tncluaea. PU
Uta er_ not CorreCted for _nk/Swol_ mtsmi_._.

_Potn_. s4_sor discrete data not available due _o F_rm_a Ground Station
p_o_tm.

6.6 S.- I I PI_SSURIZATIO_ SYSTD_

6.6.1 S,-II Fuel Pressurization Sy$_

LJ_ tank ullage pressure, actual _ predicted, is presenM in Figure

6-8 for autosequence, boost,

and _h_ S-11
ullage boost.
voluue The
S-IC _ vent valves
were closed at -94.08 seconds pressurized to 35.8
psia tn 17.5 seconds. One make-up cycle u_s reQutred at apgroxtitely

35.8 psia. Ullege pmsure at -19 seconds (launch comtt) vas 3S.4 psta
-43 seconds and the u11aqe pmsure yes increased frm 34.8 psia to c.
_nic_ tS within the redlJne lhetLS of 33.0 _o 3_.0 psta. Ullage pres
; sure decayed to 3S.I psia at S-IC [SC at ufltc_ ttme the pmsure decay
rate ]ncreased .or about 20 seconds. (The Increased decay rate vu

by S-IC emJtfle ftrlng.) Thqs decay is normal and seen om prtvtOuS launches.
i attributed to an increase tn cool|ng due to _LH
2 surface agitation caused '|

Du_qn9 S-IC boost, the dtffere_ta] I_ress_re across the vent valve, yes
L i
_" 5-13

I an III II II I I I I I -- i • ' ' " " - ' ' .J. "_ ;

 Figure 6-8. S-If Fuel Tank Ullage Pressure

_lthtn the _11ovable 1or-mode band of 27.5 to 29.5 pst. The LH2 ve_t valve
No. 2 cycled open at 140.3 s_nds a_d closed at 141.1 seconds. Ullage Ixres-
sure a_ S*II engine 5tar_ _as 29.1 I_ta e_ceedtng the mtnimuu engine start
re<lutrement of 27 psta. The LH2 vent valves uere suit:cried to the high
vent mode (30.5 to 33.0 p_ta) prior to _-I! engine stalr_.

During S-iI boost, the GH2 for pressurizing the LH2 tank was controlled
by a flo_ control or"iftce In the LH2 tank pressurization line with
maxiu tank pmsure co_trolled by the LH2 vent valves. [xcegt for the
normal lo- pressure spike during start transient, the ullage pressure
throughout the S-ll ooost perto4 was controlled by the _ venL valves
wtthln t_e 30.5 to 33 psta allo_able band. Lh2 vent valve 1 opened at
171.9 seconds and reiaIned open unttl 174.2 seconds. Yent Valve No. 2
cracked ope_ five (5) times durtng the first 1_ seconds of S-I! boost.
Yent valve dts_re:_ measurements are not available beyond 310.9 seconds
due to data acquts_tto_ preblems. The LH2 ullage pmsure was a maxtnuu
of 0.3 _1 higher than the predicted pressure.

F|gu_e 6.-9 sho+s LH2 _ gogal inlet pmsure, temperature, and Xet
Positive S_ctJon P_ess_re (NPSP) for the J-2 engines. The paramer_s
vere In close a_re_._enC wt_ the predicted values througi_out the S.-!I
flight period. IlPSP remained above the minimum requ|r_ent throughout
the S-II bur_ tmase.

6-14

I • •

i •
 +,

+.,qqD _ ..... , ............ _w.. ++

-- _+£,.__ _,,,s
.... ,_'TU,I,.I.. CtMTI[IIlJIGll_
----- I,II IIII_II+
_QUl P_q_T

-3O

"10
I_d
mt

a_35
8..--
0
I
0,,-

'-30 ="1 +
ImO
.if 20 -_ Q.
m
18
,,..4

!
m,.LI [Sl6X_S

?._ i +e
7,0 _.. 14

+. ..... .I_,,_._.__I_
,,;.. -- _ F,o+
E,,.
_,o I _r-'.+
I'e
O
0 SO 100 ISO 250 300 3S0 4100
TI_ FILCHliSlE STJUK,

1SO ZOO 25O 100 4eiO _10 liOI

Figure 6-9. S-II Fuel _

6-15
Inlet Conditions

I
6.6.2 S-II LOX Pressurization System

LOX tank ullage pressure, actual and pr_ltcted, is presented in Figure

6-10 for autosecluence, $-IC boost, and S-|I burn. After a 107 second
cold helium chilldown flo, through the LOX tank, the cht.ldcMn flo_ was
temtnated at -200 seconds. The vent valves were closed at -184 seconds
and the LOX tank was pressurized to the pressure swttch setting of 38.5 _ ....
psta in 31.0 secords. NO pressure make-up cycles were required. The
LOX tank ullage oressure increased to 40.0 psia because of common bulk-
head flexure during LH2 tank prepressurtzatton. Ullage pressure at -19
seconds (launch commit) _as 40.2 psia _l_ich is within the redltne limits
of 36 to 43 psia. The LOX vent valves performed satisfactorily durtmja11 ......
prel aunch operations.

"_Lt 10/ JWJlL4SLI I_Cm) 310 S£CO_S _ TU_. vies _ M( TIzLS r_

IrX_T OP[_i ZIO%CATIOn AnD fOa 111[ fluAL C_OSZD ;talcs;sin UJUI.mL[ .............

Figure 6.-10. S-II LOX Tank Ulllge Pressure

6-16
 The LOX vent valves remained closed during the S-IC boost mode and the
L0X tank ullage pressure prior to S-ll engine start was 41.5 psia.
During the S-ll boost mode, the LOX tank pressure varied from a maximum
of 42.0 psia at 182.0 seconds to a minimum of 39.0 psia at S-ll OECC.
Similarly to _-$10 and _-511 the GOX for pressurizing the LOX tank
was controlled by a flow control orifice in the LOX tank pressurization..........
line with the LOX tank vent valves controlling excessive pressure buildup
_thin a pressure range setting of 39._ to 42.0 psia. The LOX vent
valve No. 2 first opened at 164.8 seco,,dsand reseated at 165.5 secono_.
LOX vent vale No. 2 opened and reseated a total of _ive (5) times
between 164.8 seconds and 188.1 seconds. The LOX vent valve rio. 1 ................

cracked open 18 times bel)ween 166.0 seconds and 310.9 seconOs. Vent
valve position discrete indications are not available beyond 310.9
seconds due to data acquisition problems.

The LOX tank u11age pressure was contro11_ within ore psi of the pres-
sure predicted for S-ll boost as shown in Figure 6-10. ComFarlsons of
the LOX pump total inlet pressure, temperature and NPSP are presented
in Figure 6-II. Throughout S-II boost, the L0X pump tlPSPwas well above
the mi nlaum requtrement.

This was the second flight using the LOX tank pre.ssure switch purge.
The purge system was incorporated to preclude a potential LOX/GOX incom-
patibility situation within the LOX pressure switch assembly. The purge
is connected to the helium t_ectton and accumulator fill helium supply
system. No instrumentation ts available to evaluate the purge system.
However, since both the helium injection and accumulator ftll systems
operated successfully, it is concluded that the purge systm also func-
tioned prooerly.

6.7 _-II PNEUMATICCONTROLPRESSURESYSTEM

The pneumatic control system functioned satisfactorily throughout the

S-IC and S-!I boost periods. Bottle pressure was 2990 psla at -30
seconds and with normal valve activities during S-IX burn, pressure
decayed to approximately 2590 psta after _II OECO.

Regulator outlet pmsure during flight rmtned at a constant 715 psta,

except for the expected momentary pmsure drops uhen the rectrculation
or prevalves were actuated closed Just after engine start, at CECO,
and at OECO.

6.8 S-II HELIUM IMUECTIOR SYSTEM

The perfomance of the helium injection system was satisfactory. The

supply bottle was pressurized to 2976 psta prior to Itftoff and by S-II
ESC the pressure was 1663 psta. Heltm Injection average total flourete
during supply bottle blowdoun (-30 to 161.4 seconds) was 74 SCFIq. During
the prelaunc_ countcloun, the helium Injection bottle decay test was
repeated to assure no adverse trends existed. The initial and final
decay tests Nere w_thin predicted limits.

6-17

I | m I II I m -- I IN m Ill i _m-i_ i I
 t

$-I1 ESC
PIIEDICTEO
ACTUAl..0UTEOAI_ ENGINE
$-I1 [NR St:lifT A_'TtIAIL.CENTERENGINE
_|1 _CO ---- RINI._UIq MI_P REQUIIIEI'EIT

•: :+

,,,8

IS
1.3 o
,,,al

I0
50 I00 ZOO 4100
TIIE Fill Ill,lilt STJMIIr,SlO01_

. , , , , ----.,_,.Q_._ .
150 ZOO ZSO _ _10 400 4150 gO0 TI+O
Till,

F+gure 6-11. S-ll LOX P_p Inlet ComHttons

6-18
 6.9 POGOSUPPRESSIONSYSTEH

A center engine L0X feedline accumulator is installed on the S-[I stage

as a POG0 suppression device. Analysis indicates that there was no S-II
POGO.

The accumulator system consists of 11 a bleed system to maintain sub-

cooled LOX in the accumulator during S-IC boost and S-II engine start,
and 2) a ftll system to fi_l the acc_nulator with helium subsequent to
engine start and maintain a heli:_ filled accumulator through _-II CECG...............

The acc_nulator bleed subsystem performance was satisfactory. Figure

6-12 shows the required accumulator temperature at engine start, the
predicted temperatures durinq prelaunch and S-IC boost, and the actual
temperatures experienced during AS-S12 flight. The maximum allowable
temoerature of -281.5°F at engine start was adequately met (-293.8°F
actual).

Accumulator fill was initiated 4.1 seconds after engine start. Figure
6-13 shows the _ccumulator L0X level versus time during accumulator
fill. The ftll time was 6.6 seconds, within the requtr_-d S to 7 seconds.
The ._eliua fill trlok rate, during the ftl1 transient, was O.OOSSll_/s
and the accumulator pressure was 45.7Z psta.

After the accumulator was f'.kled wtth hell,,,, it remained in that state
until S-II CECOwhen the helium flow was teminated by closing the two
fill solenotd valves.
4
The accumulator bottom t_rature measurement indicated there was
! liquid pro_11ant splash|ng on the bottm tmperature probe shortly
after the accumulator was filled wtth helim gas. Thts type of phenmena
w_s observed during the ground static firing test of the S-1]-14 vehtcle
and to a lesser degree during the tqi_ts of S-II-g, -10, and -11.
This splashing ts not Cof_stdered to be a problem. Figure 6-14 shots the
heltm injection and accmulator ftll Supply pressure during accmulator
fill operation. As can be seen, the supply bottle ;ressure w4s within
the predicted band, indicating that the helium usage rates were as
predicted.
/
6.10 S-;! _f_ULIC SYSTEM i
!
S-ll hydraulic SyStem perfomance was ncml_1 with all pressures,
ta_peratures, and voi_
countdown an_ f11_t.
vlthin
Actuator
good accuracy and showed normal _l_t
deflection eas al_roxt_ately
nominal predicted limits thnx_out
positions followed actuator
resmetses.
comancs vtth
The maximum engine
1.3 degrees in pitch on engines 3 _cl 4 In
L
)
response to sea.ratio, and engine start transients. Actuator loads
,ere _ell .rlthln design lqmrlU. The maximum actuator load was approxt-
metely 6800 lbf for the pttc_ actuator of enqtne 1. This 1Nd alSO
occurred se_rtly after e_l_e start.

T
L
t
6-19
qv

| i •
 q_ LOI Till llqElqll[SgJllltZATlel .... lqlt"OlCTtO TOIl'J.CCIItI.ATOII1'EiltIt4'tlJt
--,_'I'U_ ,A,
ICCUP,
e.JUTOII T'Eg_MTI,IIII.S. TI_.
S.,-ll ESC IqlOOLE _1) IlOTTON

._. ,
SATIJIL_T
fON _ +/,t]++,,.,,o
TEMP_MTUR[
[, _j
-zm I .J-"'_ , . ,Io+ ...........

, r AT_c \ .,,
lqllx II,IUN-.,_ m_
m_l 0 . _ ._O0 _ ............. , ....

m_O _ -,im.qw._ , m, I.m

" "Ira _ m"m mRmml_mm, be _ ,,_ledl Ullmm

mnmm
"m'm_mm_U m
_ ammmml
ma'mmlJa'Jeml mmmimmm a Imn_mm i
_11 mm_m,mm m mmm m m

m_O0 •

-.+ _P - '_
-ZOO oi00 0 100 _ _
R,IIIIG[TIRE. $1[COIIOS

Figure 6-12. $-tl Center [ngJne LOX Feedl+ne Accumulator Bleed Syst_ Performance

14 I I I

12 " f TOP 0¢ ACOJlqULATO

i i 30

! I I

_,, _F_!,o,,+,
_
-+-", I I I :°_
< -! ,, brrm'mm:
,,, ++I, °
o Z 4 5 8 10 12
TIME IrllOR _T,ll_f OF A_I_LATGR FILL. S(CI)IIB
| | 11 ! l a I I I • l

16J 171 173 175 177

TgE. SE_

F|g_re 6-13. ,Tv,.lI Cent.er Engtne fOX Feedltne _.clmulat_" Flll Trlnstett

6-.20

.++._,_ _ . • ..... i'- --

- ..._. .+:_++_++ +,++.+ _ . - ." _+_.

 SECTION 7

S-IVB PROPULSION

7.1 SUMMARY

The S-IVB propulsion system performed satisfactorily throughout the opera_

tional phase of first and second burns and had normal start and cutoff
transie:_ts.

S-IVB first burn time was 138.8 seconds, 3.7 seconds shorter than pre-
dicCed for the actual flight azimuth of 91.5 degrees. This difference is
composed of -4.1 seconds due to the higher than expected S-II/S-IVB
separation velocity and +0.4 second due to lower than predicted S-IVB
performance. The engine performance during first burn, as determined
from standard altitude reconstruction analysis, deviated from the pre-
dicted Start Tank Discharge Valve (STDV) open +135-second time slice by
-0.68 percent for thrust and -0.14 percent for specific impulse. The
S-IVB stage first burn Enqine Cutoff (ECO) was initiated by the Launch
Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) at 702.65 seconds.

The Continuous Vent System (CVS) adeouately regulated LH2 tank ullage
pre:sure at an average level of 19.1 psia during orbit ard the Oxygen/
Hydrogen (02/H2) burner satisfactorily achieved LH2 and LOX tank repres-
surization for restart. Engine restart conditions were within specified
limits.

S-IVB secc,ld burn time was 351.0 seconds, 4.0 seconds longer than predicted
for the 91.5 degree flight azimuth. This difference is primarily due to
the lower S-IVB _rformance and heavier vehicle mass during second burn.
The engine performance during second burn, as determined from the standard
altitude reconstruction analysis, deviated from the STDV open +172-second
time slice by -0.77 percent for thrust and -O.IE percent for specific
impulse. Second burn ECO was initiated by the LVDC at 11,907.64 seconds,
(08:5l:27.64).

SubseQuent to second burn, the stage propellant tanks and heli_n spheres
were safed satisfactorily. Sufficient impulse was derived from LOX
dump, LH2 CVS operation and auxiliary propulsion system (APS) ullage
burn to achieve a successful lunar impact. Two subsequent olanned APS
burns were used to improve lunar impact targeting.

The APS operation was nominal throughout the flight. No helium or pro-
pellant leaks were observed and the regulators functioned nominally.

The hydraulic system performance was nominal throughout flight.

7-1
7.2 S-IVB CHILLDOWN AND BUILDUP TRANSIENT PERFORMAr;CE FOR FIRST
BURN

The thrust chamber temperature at launch was -177°F, which was below the
maximum allowable redline limit of -130°F. At S-IVB first burn Engine
Start Conrnand (ESC), the temperature was -136°F, which was within the
reouirements of -189.6 +llO°F.

The chilldown and loading of the engine GH 2 start tank and pneumatic cen-
trol bottle prior to Iiftoff was satisfactory.

The engine c_ntrol sphere pressure and temperature at liftoff were 3070
psia and -155.7°F. At first burn ESC the start tank conditions tere
1310 psia and -_57.7°F, within the required region of 1325 +75 psia and
-170 +30°F for start. The discharge was con_)leted and the _efill initiated
at fi7st burn ESC +3.8 seconds. The refill _:as satisfactory with I173 psia
and -223°F at cutoff.

The propellant recirculation systems operation, which was continuous

from before liftoff until just prior to first ESC, was satisfactory.
Start and run box requirements for both fuel and LOX were met, as shown
in Figure 7-1. At first ESC the LOX pump inlet temperature was -295°F
and the LH 2 pun_) inlet temperature was -421.5°F.

First burn fuel lead followed the expected pattern and resulted in
satisfactory conditions as indicated by the fuel injector temperature.

The first burn start transient was satisfactory, and the thrust buildup
was within the limits set by the engine manufacturer. Thrust datG during
the start transient is presented in Figure 7-2. This buildup was similar
to the thrust buildups observed on previous flights. The Mixture Ratio
Control Valve (MRCV) was in the closed position (5.0 EI_) prior to first
start, and performance indicates it remained closed during the first burn.
The total impulse from STDV open to STDV open +2.5 seconds was 187,271 lbf-s.

7.3 S-IVB MAINSTAGE PERFORMANCE FOR FIRST BURN

The propulsion reconstruction analysis showed that the stage performance

during mainstage operation was satisfactory. A cm_arison of predicted
ant actual performance of thrust, specific impulse, total flowrate, and
Engine Mixture Ratio (EMR) versus time is shown in Figure 7-3. Table
7-I shows the thrust, specific impulse, flowrates, and _ deviations
from the predicted at the STDV open +135-second time slice at standard
altitude conditions.

Thrust, specific impulse, and EMR were sllghtly less than the nominal pre-
diction but well within the predicted bands. These deviations from pre-
dicted are very minor conslderingthe S-IYB-512 stage was not static
fired. Based on engine performance reconstruction the MRCV setting was
within the requirement of 30.0 +_I degrees.

7-2
 Lnx _ X_IFT TnTAL I_(S<;Ir_q". _/0_

ZO ZS I(I )5
1110
-ZSO IT(P4 J TP+( FP?,,4
(SI:. Sir(
_ i 1
I !'
I o
? ] ($TD¥ OPEN)
) r_) 1/

-+_LS- S £C0

£NGINI[ START POX -----.--._m

APPLICIIIL£ TO
_rov OP[N _ - 9O

;5 ii _5

tOIr _ It'll.IT TOTAl. PS_SSUP( (P_IA)

trt_t, m mLlT T01'_ P_SSuM. Wc_

10 IS ZO Z5 )0
-414 , i

ITm Tlql[ FROPl

(SC. SEC
l 0
.,,.116 2 ) (STOV 0P_)
) 50
4 100
5 [co

!.. /
]4 j
£alGIX[ STAXT BOX I
AIPI_|ulIL( AT __J
i '

Sl"OV_x _ ZO

I0 IS 2O ZS 3O 3_ 4e 4S SO

f_L _ ILLrV vnTm. PlESgN. pile

Figure 7-1. S-ZVB Start Box and Run Requirements - First Burn
 _/ SIVB IGNITION (STDV f)PE)l CO_4AND)
S-IVB MAINSTAGE OK SIGNAL
SWITCH 1 ANO Z
%_7 S-IVB MAINSTAGE
.... PREDICTED BAND
ACTUAL

25O

1100

20O

8O0
3 SIG_IAPREDICTION
BANDS"-_ ,/
700
W- 150
Z

0
-600 o

,.c
ills .SOD
IX
I00
/ I#

iiii/

SO f- jlJl
,200

I
,¢
I
I
-tO0

0 0
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 6.5
TIME FROMENGINE START COHHAND--FIRST BURN, SECO_
, i a I ,

564.2' 564.7 565.Z 565.7 566.Z 566.7 567.Z

RANGETIRE, SECONDS

Ffgure 7-2. S-IVB Thrust Buildup Transient for First Burn

7.4
 _7 S-IVB FIRST ESC _ACTUAL
- - - PREDICTED
_TS-[VB FIRST ECO
Z20

. 200 900

850

180 8OO

i 440 4.3 i

430 4.2 .-._w

m

420 _ '-

225
5oo ......... - -- --,- ..... ___
220 ,_
48o .... h..
.¢

215
470 ..,I
LL

210 _
'_
I--
460
205
450
5.5

..,,,_ E-----:--__-_ ,"u.lr "--_ ....

_ --"_r -- a _LL-
z_ 5.0
W o
_m,, o m_ a m

4.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
TIME FROH STDV OPEN +2.5 SECONDS

£ ,- i I I I I I .tl !
560 580 600 620 640 660 680 7OO 720
RANGETI_, SECONDS

Figure 7-3. S-IVB Steady-St_t_ Performance

 Table 7-I. S-IVB Steady State Performance - First Burn
(STDV Open +13S-Second Time Slice at Standard Altitude Conditions)

_ERCE_¢T
FLIr.MT
PARA:IETER POEDICTED RECONSTRUCTION DEVIATION
DEVIATIO,
FP_ PREDICTED

ThruSt, Ibf 207,197 Z05,797 -0.68

Specific Impulse, 428.3 427.7 -0.14

Ibf-s/Ibm

LOX Flowrate, 403.40 401.26 -2.14 -0.53

lbm/s

Fuel Flowrate. 80.37 lg.g6 -0.41 -0.51

lbm/s

Enqine Mixture 5.019 5.018 -.001 -0.02

Ratio. LOX/Fuel

The first burn time was 138.8 seconds, terminated by a guidance velocity
cutoff command, which was 3.7 seconds less than predicted for the actual
flight azimuth of gl.s aegrees. This difference is composed of 4.1
seconds less due to the higher than expected S-II/S-IVB separation
velocity and 0.4 second longer due to lower S-IVB performance. Total
impulse from STDV open +2.5-seconds to ECO was 28.23 x lO6 lbf-s which
was 874,949 Ibf-s less than predicted.

The engine helium control system performed satisfactorily during main-

stage operation. An estimated 0.30 ibm of helium was consu_d during
first burn.

7.4 S-IVB SHUTDOWN TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE FOR FIRST BURN

S-IVB first ECO was initiated at 702.65 seconds and the ECO transient
was satisfactory. The total cutoff impulse to zero thrust was 46,401
Ibf-s which was 1237 Ibf-s lower than the nominal predicted value of
47,638 lbf-s and within the +4100 Ibf-s predicted band. Cutoff occurred
with the tCRCV in the 5.0 EMR--posltlon. Thrust data during the cutoff
transient is presented in Figure 7-4.

The J-2 engine bleed valves normally open within seven seconds from
Engine Cutoff Command (ECC) based on previous flight experience.
However, the engine helium control package was modified for this flight
to allow the purge valve to open and close at a higher pressure. This
results ifl a longer time to adequately reduce the accumulator pressure
to allow the bleed valves to open.
 PREDICTED BAND.... 11OO

10OO

9O0

II

0
p-
o

p.
D

IO0 400

300

200
5O

100

0.5 .0 .5 2.0

TIHE FROR ENGINE CUTOFF ¢0PIM_D--F|RST BURN, SEI_01_S

704.7 705.2

Figure 7-4. S-IVB Thrust Decay

t
!
Consequently, the bleed valves' opening time from ECC was increased from
approximately 7 to I4 seconds.

7.5 S-IVB PARKING ORBIT COAST PHASE CONDITIONING

The LH2 CVS performed satisfactorily, maintaining the fuel tank ullage
pressure at an average level of 19.1 psia. This was v,ellwithin the
18 to 21 psia band of the inflight specification.

The continuous vent regulator was activated at 761.8 seconds and was
terminated at II,020.8 seconds (03:03:40.8). The CVS performance is
shown in Figure /-5.

V s.m Ft_ _ v ST_ToFT,

! ,°
,o f

i .... ,
o o

! t

" . iiil_L |
II . ,
|
0 2 4 i 8 10 13

O:O0:M 0:.10:00 1:0o:o0 ! :.10.-o0 Z:Oo:O0 Z: ]o:o0 .1:0o:o8

l_n[. MmIB: nmm[s:sEc_s

Figure 7-5. S-IVB CVS Performance - Coast Phase

The CVS regulator began cycling at 900 seconds, about 30 minutes earlier
than on previous flights. The extended hold during launch countdown
and the atmospheric conditions provided low initial LH 2 tank and pro-
pellant temperatures, which resulted in low boiloff and permitted regulator
cycling early in the orbita_ coast period.

Calculations based on estimated temperatures indicate that the mass

vented from the fuel tank during parking orbit was 2195 Ibm and that the
boiloff mass was 2405 Ibm, compared to predicted values of 2330 Ibm
and 2540 Ibm, respectively.

LOX boiluff during the parking orbit coast phase was approximately I0 Ibm.

7.6 S-IVB CHILLDOWN AND BUILDUP TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE FOR SECOND

BURN

Repressurization of the LOX and LH2 tanks was satisfactorily accomplished

by the 02/H 2 burner. Burner "ON" command yes initiated at 11,020.6
seconds (3:03:40.6) The LH 2 repressurization control valves were
opened at burner "ON" +6.1 seconds, and the fuel tank was repressurized
from 19.1 to 30.5 psia in 191 seconds. There were 26.2 Ibm of cold
helium used _o repressurize the LH 2 tank. The LOX repressurizetion
control valves were opened at burner "ON" +6.3 seconds, and the LOX tank
was repressurized from 36.5 to 40.I psia in 130 seconds. There were 3.7
Ibm of cold helium used to repressurize the LOX tank. LH 2 and LOX
ullage pressures are shown in Figure 7-6. The burner continued to
operate for a total of 459 seconds providing nominal propellant settling
forces. The performance of the AS-512 02/H 2 burner was satisfactory as
shovln in Figure 7-7.

The S-IVB LOX recirculation system satisfactorily provided conditioned

oxidizer to the J-2 engine for restart. Fuel recirculatlon system per-
formance was adequate and conditions at the pump inlet conditions were
satisfactory at second STDV open. The LOX and fuel pump inlet condi-
tions are plotted in the start and run boxes in Figure 7-8. At second
ESC, the LOX and fuel pump inlet temperatures were -294.4 and -418.5°F,
respectively.

Second burn fuel lead generally followed the predicted pattern and
resulted in satisfactory conditions, as indicated by the fuel injector
temperature. Since J-2 start system performance was nominal during
coast and restart, no helium recharge was required from the LOX ambient
repressurization system (bottle No. 2). The start tank performed
satisfactorily during second burn blewdown and recharge sequence. The
engine start tank was recharged properly and it maintained sufficient
pressure during coast. The engine control sphere first bur_ gas usage
was as predicted; the ambient helium spheres recharged the control
sphere to _ nominal level for restart.

The second burn start transient was satisfactory. The thrust buildup was
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Figure 7-8. S-IVB Start Box and Run Requirements - Second Burn
 "°
e'

v;ithinthe limits set by the engine manufacturer and was similar to the
thrust buildups observed on previous fliohts. The MRCV was in the proper
full open (4.5 Er_) position prior to the second start. The total impulse
from STDV open to STDV open +2.5 seconds was 182,50Z Ibf-s.

7.7 S-IVB MAINSTAGE PERFORMANCE FOR SECOND BURN

The propulsion reconstruction analysis showed that the stage performance

during mainstage operation was satisfactory. A comparison of predicted
and actual performance of thrust, specific impulse, total flowrate, and
EMR versus time is shown in Figure 7-9. Table 7-2 shows the thrust,
specific impulse, flowrates, and E_ deviations from the predicted at
the STDV open +172-second time slice at standard altitude conditions.
This time slice performance is the standard altitude performance which
is comparable to the first burn slice at STDV open +135 seconds.

Thrust, specific impulse, and EMR were well w_thin the predicted bands.
The thrust and propellant flowrates were slightly l_:er than predicted.

The second burn time was 351.0 seconds which was 4.0 seconds longer than
predicted. This difference is primarily due to the slightly lower S-IVB
performance and heavier second burn vehicle mass. The total impulse
from STDV open +2.5 seconds to ECO was 69.59 x 106 Ibf-s which was
466,296 Ibf-s more than predicted.

The engine helium control system performed satisfactorily during mainstage

operation. An estimated l.l Ibm of helium was consumed during second
burn.

7.8 S-IVB SHUTDOWN TRM¢SIENT PERFORMANCE FOR SECOND BURN

S-IVB second ECO was initiated at 11,907.64 seconds. The ECO transient
was satisfactory. The total cutoff impulse to zero thrust was 46,260
Ibf-s which was 2123 Ibf-s lower than the nominal predicted value of
48,383 Ibf-s and within the +4100 Ibf-s predicted band. Cutoff occurred
with the MRCV in the 5.0 EMR--position.

7.9 S-IVB STAGE PROPELLANTMANAGEMENT

A comparison of propellant masses at critical flight events, as deter-

mined by various analyses, is presented in Table 7-3. The best estimate
full load propellant masses were 0.027 percent greater for LOX and 0.005
percent greater for LH2 than _redicted. This deviation was well _ithin
the required loading accuracy.

Extrapolation of best estimate residuals data to depletion, using the

propellant flowrates, indicated that a LOX depletion would have occurred
approximately 9.22 seconds after the second burn velocity cutoff.
 _Ts-[vB SECONDESC _ACTUAL
_TS-IVB $ECONOECO ----- PREDICTED BAND
gzo /
900

......... etpl,
o 180
_ ....
........ 8oo 0
p..

160 7011 ,2
V_

CI_
140

120
440

o 450

400

TIME FROM STDV OPEN +2.5 SECONDS

i i I I ! ,
3:12:00 3:14:00 3:16:00 3:18:00

RAISE TIME, HOLI_:NINUTES:SECONI_

Figure 7-9. S-IVB Steady-State Performance - Second Burn

 Table 7-2. S-IVB Steady State Perfomance - Second Burn
(STDV Open +172-Second Tln_ Slice at Standard Altitude Conditions)

PERCENT
FLIGHT
PARAHETER PREDICTED RECONSTRUCTION DEVIATION
DEVIATInf(
F_ PREDICTED
[ i i i i

Thrust, lbf 207,197 205,608 -I,589 -0.77

Sp_ific Impulse, 4Z6.3 427.6 -0.7 -0.16

Ibf-s/Ibm

LOX F1owrate. 403.40 400.95 -2.45 -0.61

Ibmls

Fuel F1owrate, 80.37 79.91 -.46 -0.57

ll_Is

5.019 5.018 -.001 -O.cJZ

Enqine ;4ixture
Ratio, LOX/Fuei

Table 7-3. S-IVB St.age l_opellant _ssHistory

_bU
InOIr.._T£O PJ FLOW NST
(_ _s I_EOICT[O (OXetECT_) VOLUIq(TIIIC INTEG,
IUW. (STIIMTE

LOS L_ LOS L_2 Lo_ L'z LOX LWZ

i| i
S..IC Ltt'r.4_'f lm iM.SM _.7_ 111S,421 43.724 1H.421 43o_WI • 43,600 l_J .636 43.7SZ

Ft_t 5..IVl E_ 1_ 1116,$74 43.749 19S.421 43,7Z4 1_.421 43,944 19S,49S &),600 lgS,636 43,750

rt_t ,q,-I11f_wff Im I_,2_S _,21_ 140,)41 32.$34 140,141 32,790 139.840 32,536 140,017 32,675

Saco.a S-IWll F.SC lu I18.14Z _.774 I_.MS 30 .Odl4 131.t8S 30,1_1 l_.M4 i 30,040 139.879 30,075

S.,Ill Im 3184 2244 43t2 Z2Sl 424g 1 _Z_ 4249 Z224

i

i
7-14
 During first burn, the pneumatically controlled two position Mixture
Ratio Control Valve (MRCV) was positioned at the closed position for
start and remained there, as programmed, for the duration of the burn.

The MRCV was coem_nded to the 4.5 EMR position I19.9 seconds prior to
second ESC. The MRCV, however, did not actually move until it received
engine pneumatic power.

At second ESC +I00.0 seconds, the MRCV was commanded to the closed
.... position (approximately 5.0 EMR) and remained there throughout the
remainder of the flight.

7.10 S-IVB PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM

7.10.1 S-iVB Fuel Pressurization System

Performance of the LH 2 pressurization system was satisfactory during

prepressurization, boost, first burn, coast phase, and second burn.

The LHp tank prepressurization command was received at -96.3 seconds and
- .... the taBk pressurized signal was received ll.l seconds later. Following
the termination of prepressurization, the ullage pressure reached
relief conditions (approximately 31.5 psia) and remained at that level
until liftoff, as shown in Figure 7-I0. A small ullage collapse occurred
during the first lO seconds of boost. The ullage pressure returned to
the relief level by 130 seconds due to self pressurization. A similar
ullage collapse occurred at S-iC/S-II separation. The ullage pressure
returned to the relief level 35 seconds later. Ullage collapse during
boost has been experienced on previous flights and is considered
normal.

During first burn, the average pressurization flowrate was approximately

0.67 Ibm/s, providing a total flow of 92.2 Ibm. Throughout the burn, the
ullage pressure was at the relief level, as predicted.

The LH2 tank was satisfactorily repressurized for restart by the 02/H 2
burner. The LH2 ullage pressure was 30.6 psia at second burn ESC, as
shown in Figure 7-I0. The average second burn pressurization flowrate
was 0.69 Ibm/s until step pressurization, when it increased to 1.34
Ibm/s. This provided a total flow of 288.2 Ibm during second burn. Due
to lower than expected ullage collapse, the ullage pressure was slightly
above the predicted value, but well within acceptable limits, during the
initial portion of second burn. The increase in pressurization flowrate
resulting from the EMR change increased the ullage pressure to relief
pressure (31.7 psia) at second ESC +195 seconds. The initiation of step
pressurization at second ESC +280 seconds increased the relief level to
32.4 psia.

The LH 2 pump inlet Net Positive Suction Pressure (NPSP) was calculated from
the pump interface temperature and total pressure. These values indicated
that the NPSP at first burn ESC was 15.5 psi. At the minimum point, the

7.1¢_
 INITIATION OF PREPRESSURIZATION
FIRST ESC _7 SECONDESC
_7 FIRST ECO _ SECONDECO
OPEN CVS _7 OPEN CVS
_7 CRYOGEN_C. REPRESSURIZATION _7 OPENLATCHING NPV
35 24
F ACTUAL

PREOICTEO BAND L%/

3O
i
|_ iZ
U
q
h ZO

I
Z
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e_
I I
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..............
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lEO
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N

............ e_ 15

10
I -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

RANGETIH£, 1000 SECONDS

0:00:00 1:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00

RANGETIME_ HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS

Figure 7-10. S-]VB LH2 Ullage Pressure - Ftrst Burn, Parking Orbit
and Second Burn

NPSP had satisfactory agreement vlth the predicted values. The NPSP at
second burn STOV open was 7.0 pst, which was 2.5 psi above the minimum
required value. Figures 7-11 and 7-12 sumarize the fuel pump inlet
conditions for first and secono burns.

7.10.2 S-IVB LOX Pressurtzatt0n System

LOX tank prepressurtzatton was tnftiated at -167 seconds and increased

the LOX Lank ullage pressure from ambfent to 40.1 psfa fn 14.9 seconds,
as shown in Figure 7-13. Three makeup cycles were requlred to maintain
the LOX tank ullage pressure before the ullage temperature stabilized.
'7 37
 _TLOX TA_K PRESSURIZATINNINITIATED
_TS-[VB FIRST ENG|NESTARTCOHHANO
_TS-IVB VELOCZTYCUTOFFCOr_AND
",_CRYOGEN]CREPRESSURIZATION
[NIT[ATED
5O

.... i .....

30
¢%1

5
Z
Ld _ J

! ;
L.J _.J
....... _ k_30
20
W

..J
,.J
,,.I

20
t_
._J X
0
.... PREDICTEDBAND ,,.,.I

-- ACTUAL 10
! I
4 6 8 10 12
RANGET|HE, 1000 SECONDS

j j _'_7
0:00:()0 1:00:00 2:00:00 3:00:00
RANGETINE, HOURS:MINUTES:SECO_S

Figure 7-13. S-IVB LOX Tank Ullage Pressure - First

Burn, Earth Parking Orbit, and Second Burn

At -g6 seconds, fuel tank pressurization caused the LOX tank pressure
to increase from 39.7 to 42.2 psta and unseat the tank pressure reltef
valve (NPV). The valve reseated at 40.6 psta and the ullage pressure
then _ncreased to 41.2 psta at 11ftoff.

During boost there was a nominal rate of ullage pressure decay caused by
tank volume increase (acceleration effect) and ullage temperature decrease.
No makeup cycles can occur because of an Inhibit until after Timebase
4 (T4). LOX tank ullage pressure was 36.3 psta just prior to ESC and was
increasing at ESC due to a makeup cycle.

Outing first burn, six over-control cycles were Initiated, Includin,l the
prngrammed over-control cycle Initiated prtor to ESC. The LOX tank
pressurization flowrate vartatfon was 0.24 to 0.29 lbm/s during under-
control and 0.33 to 0.41 lbm/s durtng overocontrol system operation. This
 variation is normal and is caused by ternperatureeffects. Heat exchanger
performance during first burn was satisfactory.

.... The LOX NPSP calculated at the interface was 21.7 psi at the first burn
ESC. This was 8.9 psi above the NPSP minimum requirement for start.
The LOX pump static interface pressure during first burn follows the
cyclic trends of the LOX tank ullage pressure.

D_rfng orbital coast, the LOX tank ullage pressure experienced a decay
similar to that experienced in the AS-5ll flight. This decay was within
the predicted band, and was not a problem.

The vehicle pitch maneuver at insertion resulted in minimal LOX slosh-

ing and no tank venting. Mass addition to the ullage from LOX evapora-
.......... tibn was minimal and the ullage pressure stayed below the relief range.

• Repressurization of the LOX tank prior to second burn was required and was
satisfactorily acco_lished by the O2/H2 burner. The tank ullage pressure
......... was 39. 9 Psia at second ESC and satisfied the engine start requirements.

Pressurization system perforn_nce during second burn was satisfactory.

There was one over-control cycle, which was nominal. Helium flowrate
varied between 0.33 and 0.41 lbmls. Heat exchanger performance was
satisfactory.

The LOX NPSP calculated at the engine interface was 22.5 psi at second
burn ESC. This was 10.7 psi aoove the minimum required NPSP for second
engine start. At all times during second burn, NPSP was above the
required level. Figures 7-14 and 7-15 summarize the LOX pump conditions
for first burn and second burn, respectively. The LOX pump run require-
merits for first and second burns were satisfactorily met.

The cold helium supply was adequate to meet all flight requirements. At
first burn ESC, the cold helium spheres contained 382 lbm of helium.
At the end of second burn, the helium mass had decreased to 165 Ibm.
Figure 7-16 shows helium supply pressure history.

7.11 S-IVB PNEUMATICCONTROLPRESSURESYSTEM

The stage pneumatic system performed satl;factorily during all phases

of the mission. The pneumatic sphere pressure was 2390 psia at
initiation of safing.

7.12 S-IVB AUXILIARY PROPULSION SYSTEM

The APS d._menstratedclose to nominal performance throughout flight and

met control system demands as required out to the time of flight control
c_uter shutoff at approximately 41,533 seconds (11:32:13).

The oxidizer and fuel supply systems performed as expected during the
flight. The propellant te_ratures measured in the propellant control
 II sMI *Ill.Old L. "]llllVlldl_ ql-
Id.
IUl *_S411 10'I JL,TIII 1111121 _ lrl " J..Tnl m I_I
 END CC_LDHELIUM_P
S-IVB F|RST ECD _7 STARTCOLD HELII_4 n_-'P
S-IVB FIRST ESC
STARTCRYOGENICREPRESSUR|ZATIO/I E;IOCOLD HELtI_ 9U_P
ST._PTCnLn HELIUMO,r,_P
S-IVB SECO/¢OECO _' END C_I.D HEL[_4 DUmP
S-IVB SECONOESC DU/qP
STARTCOLDHELIUM

J500 .24OO

3OO0
I
.20O0

I
2SO( I

I
-1600
• I
I N

i .b io4 E

a
t.J

I -1200
e_

eL

-8O0

1DO0 I

I
I -400
5OO

0
O 3 6 9 12 is 18 21 z4"
RANGETINE, 1000 SECOgI_

0:00:00 1:_:_ 2:_:_ 3:_:_ 4:_:_ S:_:_ _:_:_

Figure 7-16. S-?VB Cold Hellum Supply History

 modules ranged from 60 to 107°F. The APS propellant usage was nominal.
......_Table 7-4 presents the APS propellant usage during specific portions
of the mission.

Table 7-4. S-IVB APS Propellant Consumption

V_ULi qo. 7

FUTL
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[CO Lo Start of Fie'st (,Unit ZS.0i 13.T ILl 14.9 3S.$ 11.9 2S.1 19.9
l_ct liven mt 2Z,ZO0 *,ec.

FIrst Lmmov |mpI¢t U11OQl (ke_.l) IS.0 1.4 II.I 9.2 1$.$ ?.6 12.0 q),S
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From $f4111 of Sef.and Lwww 1$.l 1.S 12.0 S.S 11.0 T.8 12.2 9,7

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fm _mlt-- I_ttte pmsuflm lad hggerotem mmlmu.

Both regulators functioned nominally during the mission. The module No. 1
regulator outlet pressure increased from 194 psia to 206 psta as the helium
bottle temperature decreased from 80°F to -40°F. The module No. 2 regu-
lator outlet pressure decreased from 194 psia to 186.5 psia as the helium
bottle temperature increased from8S°F to 166°F. This thermal effect on the
regulator outlet pressure is normal and has been observed on previous
flights. The APS ullage pressures in the propellant tanks ranged from
182 psia to 200 psta.

The performance of the attitude control thrusters and the ullage thrusters
was satisfactory throughout the mission. The thruster chamber pressures
ranged from 95 to lOl psta. The ullage thrusters successfully completed
the three sequenced burns of 86.7, 76.7, and 80.0 seconds; and the two
round commanded lunar impact burns of 98 seconds at 22,200 seconds
6:10:00) and 102 seconds at 40,500 seconds (11:15:00). The Passive
Thermal Control (PTC) Maneuver was successfully c_pleted prior to flight
controi-computer shutoff.
 The longest attitude control engine firing recorded during the mission
was 0.890 seconds on the module No. 2 pitcil engine at 12,810 seconds
.......
_drTng theTransportation Docking and Ejeczion (TD&E) maneuver.

The average specific impulse of the attituae control thrusters was approxi-
mately 220 Ibf-s/Ibm for both modules.

........... The sealing and transducer mounting block changes incorporated in the
AS-512 APS modules to prevent helium leakage such as occurred during the
AS-511 mission were apparently successful. No leakage occurred during
the AS-512 mission.

7.13 S-IVB ORBITAL SAFIHG OPERATIONS

The S-IVB high pressure systems were safed following J-2 engine second ECO.
The thrust developed during the LOX dump was utilized to provide a velocity
change for S-IVB lunar impact. The manner and sequence in which the
safing was performed is presented in Figure 7-17, and in the following
paragraphs,- .....

7.13.1 Fuel Tank Safing

The LH2 tank was satisfactoril) safed by utilizing both the Nonpropulsive
Vent (RPV) and the CVS, as indfcated in Figure 7-17. The LH 2 tank ullage
pressure during safing is shown in Figure 7-18. At second ECO, the LH2
tank ullage pressure was 32.4 psia; after three vent cycles, this
decayed to zero at approximately 25,000 seconds (06:56:40). The mass of
vented GH 2 agrees with the 2224 Ibm of residual liquid and approximately
610 Ibm of GH2 in the tank at the end of powered flight.

7.13.2 LOX Tank Dumping and Safing

LOX dump performance in thrust, LOX flowrate, oxidizer mass, and LOX
ullage pressure is shown in Figure 7-1g.

At 22 seconds into the programmed LOX tank vent following second burn
cutoff, vent system pressures and temperatureb indicated momentary
(less than 4 seconds) liquid venting. The amotnt of liquid vented Is
estimated at less than 20 pounds.

Probable cause was a combination of a later engine LOX bleed valve open-
ing than on previous flights and a vehicle pitch rate correction at J-2
engine cutoff. The engine helium control package was modified, effective
on AS-S_Z, in response to a problem on the previous flight in which a
S-II stage J-2 engine He purge valve failed to completely close for I0
seconds. This modification consisted of a change to the J-2 engine
LOX Dome/Gas Generator Purge System to incorporate a Purge Control Valve
with readjusted operating pressures, a redundant Purge Check Valve and
Purge Control Valve Vent Line Orifice. These changes resulted in delaying
the bleed valve opening from 7 to 14 seconds after engine cutoff command
(reference paragraph 7.4). After second burn shutdown and prevalve/
chilldown shutoff valve closure, the LOX pump inlet pressure increased to
_.__.. J ! I J Ii_ i_4 ILl ] L I

=,_,.--_,-_ _.___a_.JL._.L_n_. _ : .. .... _..... Zn.._J

i L . ; : _ i " "°"!

............. I I , _ ' I ' _ _ '

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I
,_..--._....-.,-_. _.,.- .... ,..Jl,.. t, ..... ._. .... _ ......

--_-- ----J _ ....... ._ ..... .. ...........

Figure 7-17. S-IVB l.OX Dump and Orbital Saftng Sequence

_' _llPn Nr_LlUn ounp

/4)
i , i _ J

,o_-_-:- %.._ -"%, ......

. 0

_,_ '7 ,_ , ,e,_"_,,

3:.II0:_ 4:0Q:OQ 4:)0:I_ S:OO:O0 S:30:00 6:o0:nn 6:30:00 7:90:_ 7:_-QO

Figure 7-18. S-IVB LH2 Ullage Pressure - Translunar Coast

 ,p

START OF LOX DUmP

......... _' TE_IfiATIO_I OF LI')X DUMP
80O

301)0
" 60G
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16 .a_
_Ctd 20 14 "_
O'V
.,.I O. 19,460 19,470 19,480 19,490 19,500 19,510 19,5Z0 --, "
RANGE TIME, SECONOS

_7 i | V
a:Z4:ZO 5:Z4:40 5:Z5:00

RANGETIME, HOU_:NINUTES:SECOIIOS

Fiqure 7-19. S-IVB LOX Dump Parameter H_stories

a greater value than that seen on past flights due to the delayed bleed
valve opening_and consequent added heat transfer. At the same time
LOX tank venting had reduced the LOX tank pressure. These two factors
produce a greater pressure differential between the bleed valve inlet
and the tank at the time of bleed valve opening than was seen on
previous flights. This increased pressure differential would cause the
bleed valve return flow velocity to be greater than nom_l. The pro-
bable sequence of events that led to liquid venting wo,:Id be: slosh
activity following cutoff and pitch attitude corrections momentarily
submerged the L0X chilldown return line diffuser during the higher than
normal return flow through this line from the bleed valve; the higher
velocity flow into the small amount of remaining liquid dispersed L0X
in the tank in such-amanner that liquid was ingested into the non-
propulsive vent system.

This LOX venting is not significant for an Apollo mission. However, it

is of concern for a Skylab mission because of the need to conserve
residuals fo? deorbiting theS-IVB/IU. In order to eliminate similar
liquid venting on Skylab missions a procedural change to delay closing
the chilldown valve has been incorporated.

Following vent completion, the ullage pressure rose gradually, due to

self-pressurization, to 23.5 psia by the time of initiation of the
transposition, docking, and ejection (TD&E) raneuvel.

The LOX dump was initiated at 19,460.2 seconds (05:24:20.2) and was
satisfactorily accomplished. A steady liquid flow of 368 gpm was reached
in 13.3 seconds. The LOX residual at th_ start of dump was 3928 Ibm.
Calculatlo,,s indicate that 2564 Ibm was dumped. During dump, the ullage
pressure decreased from 25.l to 24.4 psia. A steady state LOX dump
thrust of 720 lbf was attained. There was no ulla_ gas ingestion, and
LOX dump ended at lg,507.9 seconds (05:25:01.9) as scheduled, by clos-
ing the Main Oxidizer Valve (MOV). The total impulse before MOV closure
was 33,650 ibf-s, resulting in a calculated vele:ity change of 29.3
ft/sec.

At LOX dump termination +242 seconds, the LOX NPV valve was opened and
latched. The LOX tank ullage pressure decayed from 24.a psia at 19,750
seconds (05:29:10) to near zero pressu, e at approximately 24,000 seconds
(06:40:00) as shown in Figure 7-20. Sufficient impulse was derived from
the LOX dump, LH 2 CVS operation, and APS ullage burn to achieve lunar
impact. For further _iscussion of the lunar impact, refer to Section 17.

7.13.3 Cold Helium Dump

A total of approximately 159 Ibm of cold helium frum the bottles su_-
merged in the LH 2 tank was dumped through the cold He dump module during
the three programmed du_s which occurred as shown in Figure 7-17.

7.13.4 Ambient Heliu_ Dump

The two LOX ambient repressurization spheres were duped through the LOX
 Q

$-|VlJ 5[CJ_O [CO. LOZ TAmlf qO_DP_q._,[Y[ yl[._r

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4: 30:3(_ $:00:0(] (_: _O::X) ?:0_:0_

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Figure 7-20. S-IVB LOX Tank Ullage Pressure - Translunar Coast

ambient repressurization control module into the LOX tank HPV syst_,_for
40 seconds beginning at II,938 seconds (03:18:_). During this dump,
the _ressure decayed fro_ 2900 psia to approximately 120O psia.

A modification to the stage ambient He system, effective _th AS-512,

provided an interconnect through a normally closed valve to the APS He
bottles. This interconnect provides _n APS recharge capability in
the event that He losses, simile- to those seen on A_511, occur. In
order _o retain the recharge capability through the initiation of the
first APS lunar impact burn (APS-I), th-.A_SI2 LH2 ambient repressuri-
zation sphere dump time was reduced to 15 seconds as opposed to the
AS-S11 dum time of 1070 seconds. The 15-seco_ dump began at 21,196
seconds (05:53:16) and approximately _6.3 I_ of He was dumped via the
fuel tank and the non-propulsive venL.

7.13.5 Stage Pneumatic Control Sphere _fing

fr The stage pneumtic control sphere and the LOX repressurization spheres
were safed by initiating the J-Z engine pump purge for a one-hour period.
This activity began at 18,180 second_ (05:03:00) and satisfactorily
reduced the pressure in the spheres f-om 2390 to 1300 psia.
7.]3.6 Engine Start Tank Safing

The engine start tankwas safed during a period of approximately 150

seconds beginning at 15,509 seconds (04:18:29). Safing was accomplished
by opening_he)t_rt tank vent valve. Pressure was decreased from
1300 to 20 psia with approximately 2.78 Ikm of ;_ydrogen being vented.

7.13.7 Engine Control Sphere Safing

The eng_n_ _dntrol sphere He durnp was reduced to 16 sec on AS-512 as

opposed to 1000 seconds on AS-511 to retain an APS He recharge capability
as discussed in 7.13.4.

The safing of the engine control sphere began at 21,216.4 (05:!3:36.4)

by energizing the helium control solenoid to vent helium through the
engine purge system. The hellum control sphere vented until 21,232.4
seconds (05:53:52.4) with the initial pressure of 2970 psia reduced to
1340 psia at vent termination.

S-IVB HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Boost and First Burn

The S-IVB Hydraulic System performed within the predicted limits after
liftoff with nu overboard venting of system fluid as a result of hydraulic
fluid expansion. Prior to start of propellant loading, the accumulator was
precharged to 2440 psia at 85°F. Reservoir oil level (auxiliary pump off)
was 82 percent at 65°F at 20 minutes prior to launch.

During S-ICIS-II boost, all system fluid temperatures rose steadily

when the auxiliary pump was operating and convection cooling was
decreasing. The supply pressure during the S-IVB first burn was 3570
psia which was within the allowable limits of 3515 to 3665 psia.

The engine driven hydraulic pump operated properly as indicated by the

current drop at engine start. Due to the close pressure settings of the
pumps and the minimum demand by the system, the auxiliary pump provided
the system internal fluid leakage rate of 0.63 gal/min (0.4 to 0.8 gpm
allowable) for the burn. This is characterized by the pump motor current
draw of 42 amperes.

7.14.2 Parking Orbit and Second Burn

The auxiliary hydraulic pump was programmed to flight mode "ON" at

II,198 seconds for engine restart preparations. System pressure stabilized
at 3530 psia. At engine start, system pressure increased to 3580
psia and remained steady for approximately 140 seconds. The engine
driven pump furnished most of the leakage flow during this period as
evident by a current draw from Aft Battery No. 2 of 22 amperes. Follow-
ing the first 140 seconds, the auxiliary hydraulic pump b_an sharing a
portion of the leakage flow as indicated by an increase in current to

7-28
 o

2g amps and a slight decrease in system pressure. Later, during the

burn, the engine driven pump again furnished the leakage flow require-
ments for approximately 30 seconds followed by the auxiliary pump fur-
nishing most of_the leakage flow as evident by shifts in Aft Battery
No. 2 current. System temperatures were normal during the burn. Pump
inlet oil temperature responded to the changes in Aft Battery No. 2
current as the pressure and flow output varied between the two pumps.

The most.probable cause for the interaction between the two pumps is the
close pressure settings between the two pumps and frictional hysteresis
in the engine drive pump flow-regulating mechanism. The operation of
the hydraulic system during the first and second burns was nominal and
the interaction between the two pu._ps is within the design specification
of the system. It should be noted that this interaction between the
two pumps does-not indicate.an impending malfunction and does not degrade
the reliability of the engine driven pump or auxiliary hydraulic pump.
 SECTION 8

STRUCTURES

8.1 SUMMARY

The structural load_ experienced during the S-IC boost phase were well
below design values. The maximum bending moment was 96 x 106 Ibf-in at
the S-IC LOX tank (less than 36 percent of the design value). Thrust
cutoff transients experienced by AS-Sl2 were similar to those of previous
flights. The maximum longitudinal dynamic responses at the Instrument
Unit (IU) were +0.20 g and +_0.27g at S-IC Center Engine Cutoff
and Outboard Engine Cutoff_OECO), respectively. The magnitudes of the
thrust cutoff responses are considered normal.

During S-IC stage boost, four to five hertz oscillations were detected
beginning at approximately IO0 seconds. The maximum amplitude measured
at the IU was +0.06 g. Osc@l}ations in,he four to five hertz range
have been observed on previous flights and are considered to be normal
vehicle response to flight environment. POGO did not occur during S-IC
boost.

The S-ll stage center engine LOX feedline accumulator successfully

inhibited the 16 hertz POGO oscillations. A peak response of +0.4 g
in the 14 to 20 hertz frequency range was measured on engine _o. 5 gimbal
pad during steady-state engine operatior. As on previous flights, low
amplitude II hertz oscillations were experienced near the end of S-II
burn. Peak engine No. l gimbal pad response was +0.06 g. POGO did not
occur during S-II boost. The POGO limiting backup cutoff system per-
formed satisfactorily during the prelaunch and flight operations. The
system did not produce any _iscrete outputs and should not have since
there was no POGO.

The structural loads experienced during the S-IVB stage turns were well
below design values. During first burn the S-IVB experienced low ampli-
tude, _0.14 g, 16 to 20 hertz oscillations. The amplitudes measured
on the gimbal block were comparable to previous flights and within the
expected range of values. Similarly, S-IVB second burn produced inter-
mittent lot amplitude oscillations of +O.lO g in the II to 16 hertz
frequency range which peaked near second burn cutoff.

B.2 TOTAL VEHICLE STRUCTURES EVALUATION

8.2.1 Longitudinal Loads

The structural loads experienced during boost were well below design
values. The A$-512 vehicle liftoff steady-state acceleration of 1.21 g
was slightly higher than predicted (l.lg g), resulting in slightly higher .4

8-I
 .m

longitudinal loads but no associated problems. Maximum longitudinal

dynamic response measured during thrust buildup and release was +0.21 g
in the IU and +0.40 g at the Ccmmand Module (CM), Figure 8-l. C_mparable
values have b_n seenonDrev_ious f!ights.

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RN*G_ TIME, SECON0S

Figure 8-I. AS-SI2 Longitudinal Acceleration at IU and CM During

Thrust Bui.ld_up-and£aunch

The F-I engine thrust buildup rates were normal. The ignition sequence
was 2-I-I-I with engines 3 and 4 igniting early relative to the center
engine. Whi;e the desired I-2-2 start sequence was not achieved, the
time deltas between pairs of diametrically opposed engines were within the
30 dispersion used in preflight loads analyses (229 ms). The desired
start sequence apparently cannot be expected with high confidence, but
the structural loads on the SA-SI3 vehicle have been analyzed using start
sequence stagger times both less and significantly larger than experi-
enced on AS-512 with no problems arising. Thus the AS-512 ignition
sequence has been established as not detrimental to SA-513.

The longitudinal loads experienced at the time of maximum bending moment

(Tg seconds) were as _xpected and are shown in Figure 8-2. The steady-
state longitudinal acceleration was 2.02 g.

Figure 8-2 also shows that the maximum longitudinal loads imposed on the
S-IC stage thrust structure, fuel tank, and intertank area occurred at
S-IC CECO (13g.3 seconds) at a longitudinal acceleration of 3.79 g.
The maximum longitudinal loads imposed on all vehicle structure above
the S-IC intertank area occurred at S-IC OECO (!61.2 seconds) at an
acceleration of 3.B7 g.

Combined compression and tension loads were computed for the maximum
bending moment, CECO and OECO conditions, using the loads shown in
Figures 8-2 and B-3 and measured ullage pressures. Those loads
which produced minimum safe:y margins are plotted versus vehicle sta-
tion along with the associated capabilities in Figure 8-4. The
minimum ratio of capability to load is at Station 1541 for the OECO
condition.

8-2
 °

Iooo

30 ZO ;0 0

10.

Figure 8-2. Longitudinal Load Distribution at Time of Maximum Bending

Moment, CECO and OECO

8.2.2 Bending Moments

The peak vehicle bending moment occurred during the maximum d_namic
pressure phase of boost at 79 seconds, Figure 8-3. The maximum bending
moment of 96 x I06 Ibf-in at vehicle station I156 was less than 36
percent of design value.

8.2.3 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics

8.2.3.1 Longitudinal Dynamic Characteristics

During S-IC stage boost, the significant vehicle response was the
expected four to five hertz first longitudinal mode response. The low ampli-
tude oscillations began at approximatel_ IO0 seconds and continued
until S-IC CECO. The peak amplitude measured in the IU was +0.06 g,
the same as seen on AS-SIO and AS-511. The AS-512 IU response during
the oscillatory period is compared with previous flight data in Figure
8-5. Spectral analysis of engine chamber pressure measurements shows
no detectable buildup of structural/propulsion coupled oscillations.
POlO did not occur during S-IC boost.

8-3
 YEH|C._ SlAT;ON, in

. . _ | . i i
Vl_r_[ S?ATIOI, =
_ 7C _0 50 40 _0 ZO '0 0

300. ............. - - -.O1Z

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ZSO 30 Iq.z_rY Tlq[ 79.0 raE.r,..' t _ -_- ..010

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_" l ,'_ _ _ _ I , o,
tO

.......-T !\:- 0,
/- _- *, - -_ .... _. ....
_. . .\',

Figure 8-3. Bending Moment and Load Factor Distribution at Time

of Maximum Bending Moment

Engine 2 outboard fuel suction duct l pressure data (D146-l15) showed a

high amplitude (8 psi peak) II Hz oscillation throughout most of the
S-IC stage burn. The II Hz freouency content was also found in the
related fuel suction inlet pressure measurement D4-I02 where it appears
as an aliased l Hz frequency of similar amplitude.

This 11 Hz oscillation has been observed on previous flights for various

time periods and comparable am&litudes. In particular, the fuel inlet3
on Engine 5 on AS-501 (D]4&.Jlb and D]49-ll5) exhibited a ]2.5 HZ,
8 psi peak amplitude oscillation throughout flight.

This observed oscillation is a combined pump-propellant feed line pres-

sure oscillation that occurs under certain Net Positive Suction Pressure
(NPSP) conditions which were_et for Engine 2 for most of the AS-512 S-]C
burn time. This is not a POGO phenomenon. No significant vehicle
response occurred at this frequency.

The AS-S12 S-IC CECO and OECO transient responses were equal to or less
than those of previous flights. The maximum longitudinal dynamics
resulting from CECO were +0.20 g at the IU and +0.50 g at the CM,
Figure 8-6. For OECO the--maximum dynamics at t_e IU were +O.Z7 g and
+_0.80 g at the CM, Figure 8-7. The minimumCM acceleratio_level of
-0.60 g occurred at approximately the same time and is somewhat lower
 _AT:OIV.
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Figure 8-4. AS-512 Envelope of Combined Loads Producing Minimum Safety

Margins for S-IC Flight

than on previous flights but considered normal.

The S-If stage center engine accumulator effectively suppressed the 16

hertz POGO phenomenon. The flight data show that the 16 hertz oscilla-
tions were inhibited with amplitudes comparable to those seen on AS-511,
Figure 8-8. The peak 74 to 20 hertz cen_er engine gimbal response was
approximately +_0.4 g, as compared to +_0.5 g on AS-511. POGO did not
occur.

The usual transient response in the center engine LOX pump inlet
pressure was experienced shortly after accumulator fill was initiated.
The peak response was approximately 34 psi peak-to-peak with a frequency
of approximately 70 hertz, Figure 8-9. The LOX pump in]et pressure
on AS-511 had a higher frequency content, a longer duration, and lower
amplitude (13 psi peak-to-peak) but AS-512 is similar to AS-SIO (45
psi peak-to-peak at 68 hertz}. Such variationz are not unique and the
causes are attributed to the individual pump characteristics. There are
no parallel increases in responses among the other engine pressures
and the structural accelerations which again indicates the lack of
strong coupling between the transient pressure response and the structural
accelerations.
 0.10

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i _ . i , l
100 10S 110 115 120 125 130 13S
RANGETIME. SECONDS

Figure 8-5. IU Vibration During S-IC Burn {Longitudinal)

As on prior flights, very low II hertz oscillations were noted near the
end of S-If burn. The AS-512 peak engine No. l gimbal pad response was
+0.06 g as compared to ±0.07 g on AS-511.

During S-If burn, between 184 and 207 seconds range time, the vibration
level on the S-IVB gimbal block was discernible above the noise floor,
Figure 8-I0. The maximum acceleration of the gimbal block in this inter-
val was about +0.06 g. The signature of this signal appears to be wide
band random. No signature similar to the $-IVB gimbal block oscillation
was apparent on the various S-If dynamic parameters, i.e., the structural
vibrations, the LOX pump inlet pressure fl,_ctuations and the combustion
chamber pressure fluctuation. Figure 8-11 compares the spectrum of the
S-IVB gimbal block signal with the spectrum of the S-If center engine
thrust pad. The spectrum associated with the center engine indicates
a very low level response concentrated in the 20 hertz region. The
S-IVB gimbal block has the character of a random response across the
frequency spectrum. This demonstrates that the S-IV8 phenomena is
 6L

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-= 2

8
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i6-
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--w--T --

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0
138 139 140 141 I._2 ;:"

Figure 8-6. AS-512 Longitudinal Acceleration at IU and CM

During Center Engine Cutoff

not the result of a forced response due to an excitation emanating

from the S-II. The S-IVB gimbal block vibration spectrum shows an
order of magnitude increase when the noise occurs whereas the S-IVB
LOX pump inlet pressure shows little change, Figure 8-12. The higher
levels at frequencies from 5 to 20 hertz on the gimbal block do not
occur in the LOX pump inlet pressure. Therefore it is concluded that
the disturbance is not valid vibration data. Also, the amplitude
during this disturbance, if valid, would produce insignificant dynamic
loads on the stage.

During AS-512 S-IVB first burn, low frequency (16 to 20 hertz) longitu-
dinal oscillations very similar to those observed on AS-511 were
evident. The AS-SI2 amplitudes (_0.14 g at gimbal block) were well
below the maximum measured on AS-505 (+_0.30g) and within the expected
range of values.

AS-512 S-IVB second burn produced intermittent II to 16 hertz oscilla-

tions similar to those experienced on previous flights. The oscillations
began approximately 135 seconds prior to cutoff and had a maximum value
of_+0.10 g measured Gn the gimbal block. This compared to _+0.05g on , |
AS-510 and +0.08 g on AS-511.
b,d

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UL_
cD

g i i

_d_ Z \^ ! ! !
i I i • i .
0

-2
161 16Z 163, 164 16_ :_6
_a_ T_e. seconos
Figure 8-7. AS-S1Z Longitudinal Acceleration at IU and CM During
Outboard Engine Cutoff

8.2.4 Vibration

There were no significant vibration environments identified on AS-512.

A comparison of AS-512 data with data from previous flights show similar
trends and magnitudes.

The "buzz" reported by the astronauts on AS-511 flight is again apparent

on AS-512 at approximately 63 hertz in the pump inlet pressure measure-
ment as it has been on previous flights. The vibrations can also be
seen on selected propulsion pressure measurements (Figure 8-13). The
AS-512 data show amplitudes similar to AS-511 (less than !.0 psi rms).
A review of AS-510 data showed similar vibration at approximately 72
hertz. The vibration is related to normal stage propulsion system
operation and probably characteristic of the J-2 turbomachinery. These
vibrations pose no POGO or any other structural concerns, and are of
very low amplitude.

8.3 S-ll POGO LIMITING BACKUP CUTOFF SYSTEM

The backup cutoff system provides for automatic S-ll CECO if vibration
response levels exceed predetermined levels within the preselected fre-
quency band. The system consists of three sensors, a two-out-of-three
voting logic, an engine cutoff arming function, and an automatic disable
function which is effective until the arming operation has occurred.

The system did not produce discrete outputs at any time. The accelero-
meter analo9 outputs were well below the levels which would produce a
 discrete output ev(n during the engine start period when t_.e system was
not armed. After jrmin9, the analog output d_d net exceecl one g.

E0363-206 !
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TIME, SEC;OIIDS

Fioure 8-8. AS-SI2 Center Engine Chamber Pressure and Gimbal Pad
Acceleration During S-If Burn (8 to 20 Hz Filter) Compared to AS-511
 "TJ_cUNULATO¢ Ir[LL START

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-3.25 _7
IE_ 169 170 171
RA,%ETI_E,SECONDS

Figure 8-9. AS-512 Dynamic _esponses During S-II Accumulator Flit

(l-JIG Hz Filter)

Figure 8-]0. AS-SIZ S-IVB Global B1oc_ Acceleration During S-II Burn -
Longitudinal (8 to 20 Hz Filter)
(ZH/zg) _IIS_Q "_V'dl_3dS _Od
 S-If LOX PUMP INLET PRESSURE S-[¥B-LOX PUMP INLET PRESSUPE
I0 "i
AT1"91"
sEc*s J
I
! I

AT 176 SECS lO-I

b--
"'
10
-Z
I _. 10-Z
l ]
L,,J

..=a
I =,=.

lO-:3 - I .., 10-3=

rig

LJ 4t U
eL N

_--. 1C,'4 _. 10.4

31"

ela.
i
I Iv'_l

10-5 I • & • i

I
10.6 10-6
O 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 leo
FREQUENCY,HERTZ FREQUENCY.HERTZ
BEFORENOISE LXIRl ,_G NOISE
GIMBAL BLOCKVIBRATION LONGITUDINAL GIHBAL BLOCKVIBRATION - LONGITUDINAL
10-4 10-4 .....

Z
W i0-5_ ,..,:"u_
I0.5" .J_ A

I-..
I.I,
lO-6_ _.g __ :-
Qkl

,/
N II I
I0 "7 : :
'II
10.8 i0-8. !
20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 8O :00
FREQUENCY.HERTZ FREOUENCY.qERTZ

Figure 8-12. Noise on S-IVB Gimbal Block During _-II Burn

 &
f
.I-

1,1.

0 0
0
.-- o c:_
0

_U_sd "30III'W_

_-13/8-14
 SECTION 9

GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION ..........

g.1 SUMMARY

The Stabilized Platform and the Guidance Computers-uCcessfully supported

the accomplishment of all guidance and navigation mission objectives
with no discrepancies in performance of the hardware. Theend condi-
tions at Parking Orbit Insertion and Translunar Injection were attained with
insignificant navigation error.

Two anomalies related to the flight program did Occur. At apprOximcitely

5421 seconds range time (T5 +4718.8) minor loop error telemetry indicated
an unreasonable change in the yaw gimbal angle during one minor loop.
At the re-initialization of boost navigation for S-IVB second burn the
extra accelerometer readings normally telemetered from Guidance Reference
Release (GRR) to liftoff plus I0 seconds were restarted anGcontITnQed ....
throughout second burn boost navigation. Neither of these anomalies sig-
nificantly impacted navigation, guidance and control. A detailed discussion
is included in Section 9.3.3 and 9.3.4.

A minor discrepancy occurred during S-II burn, when the yaw gimbal angle
failed the zero reasonableness test twice, resulting in minor loop error
telemetry at 478.3 seconds (T3 +317.2) and 559.4 seconds (T3 +398.2).
Detailed discussion of this occurrence is included in Section 9.3.2.

9.2 GUIDANCE COMPARISONS

The postflight guidance error analysis was based on comparisons of tele-

metered position and velocity data with corresponding values from the
final postflight trajectory (21 day observed mass point trajectory) as
established from telemetry and external tracking (see paragraph 4.2).
Comparisons of the inertial platform measured velocities (PACSS 12) with
correspondina postflight trajectory values from launch to earth parking
orbit (EPO) are shown in Figure 9-I. At EPO insertion these diff)rences
were 0.47 m/s (I.54 ft/s), 3.07 m/s (10.07 ft/s), and 0.18 m/s (0.59 ft/s)
for vertical, crossrange and downrange velocities, respectively. The
inplane differences are very small. The crossrange velocity difference
is somewhat larger than expected from laboratory measured hardware
errors. However, this difference includes trajectory errors as well
as platform measurement errors and is well within the combined accuracies.
There was no indication of either inplane or crossrange velocity error
caused by an accelerometer hitting its mechanical stop during thrust
buildup on AS-512.

Platform velocity differences for the translunar injection burn are shown

g-1
 S-/C 0(C0
_;PS-H 0(C0
_' S-IV@FIRSTEC0

1 5 _-"

t-- la.

_dN

-2 .... p_ _0

4 _-

Io

fl

_,M,W 0 ----"

_m

-S
-2

z_

lOO 20o 3@0 400 soo 6o0 70O

IL4JIGE
T%R(oSECO_OS

Ftgure 9-1. Trajectory ar+J ST-124t4 Platfom Veloctty

Comparisons. Boost-to-EPO (Trajec _ry
Htnus LVDC)

g-2
in Figure 9-2. At Time Base 6 iT6) minus 7.21 seconds, the platform
velocity measurements were properly set to zero in the LVDC and the
corresponding trajectory data were adjusted accordingly for comparison
with the LVDC outputs. The differences shown in Figure 9-2 reflect
adjustments made to the telemetered platform velocities du_ing-con-....
struction of the trajectory initlalized to a parkino orbit state
vector and constrained to a state vector near TLi which was determined
from post TLI tracking. The inplane (vertical and downrange) velocity
difference profiles are not characteristic of hardwareerrors, However ...........
the deviations are small and reflect an inconsistency between the
initial and terminal trajectory state vectors. The crossrange ve|ocity
difference is greater than expected but well within the accuracy of the
trajectory and 3 sigma hardware errors and the error profile is charac-
teristic of platform misalignment due to drift over the long coast
before second burn.

Telemetered platform system velocity measurements at sisnificant event

times are shown in Table 9-I along with corresponding data from both
the postflight and Operational (predicted) Trajectories (OT). The dif-
ferences between the telemetered and postflight trajectory data reflect.............
some combination of small guidance hardware errors and tracking errors.
The differences between the LVDC and OT values reflect differences
between actual and nominal performance and environmental conditions.
The values shown for the second burn are velocity changes from T6. The
characteristic velocity accumulated during Second burn was 0.44 m/s
(l.44 ft/s) greater than the OT which indicates slightly more stage
performance was required to meet the targeted end conditions. The
telemetered data indicated 0.32 m/s (I.05 ft/s) less than the )ostflight
trajectory. The difference in indicated performance between the telemetered
and postflight trajectory data reflects small errors in the state
vectors to which the guidance velocities were constrained to generate
the boost-to-TLl trajectory. The velocity increase due to thrust decay
was O.Ol m/s (0.033 ft/s) less than the OT after first ECO and 0.05 m/s
(0.16 ft/s) greater than the OT after second ECO, indicating very good
prediction in both cases.

Comparisons of navigation (PACSS 13) positions, velocities and flight

path angle at significant event times are presented in Table 9-2. Dif-
ferences between the LVDC and _ values reflect off-nominal flight
environment and vehicle performance. At first S-IVB ECO total ve:'-ity
was 0.20 m/s (0.66 ft/s) less than the or and the radius vector was
30.8 m (101.0 ft) greater than the OT. At S-IVB second ECO orbital
energy (C3) was 1849 m2/s2 greater than the OT value of -I,769,443 m2/s2.
The LVDC and postflioht trajectory were in excellent agreement, except
for crossrange, for the boost-to-EPO portion of flight. The crossrange
component differences are within the accuracy of the data compared.
The state vector differences during parking orblt were very small as
compared to prior Saturn V flights. These small differences during
parking orbit indicate that the vent thrust was effectively the same
as programmed in the LVDC. The postflight trajectory and LVDC state
I
vectors at TLI were in relatively good agreement. The difference in C3

9-3
 '_ I_£ IGNITION
_' TL!

_"; o 0 _
,e£ s,_

_16dJ

1
" , ................ I.... t.6.
QCI6.

-2

3S

,30

,zs
B..
_ ...........
'20

q,.J_

,10

,S

°
K., j S
11.300 11.400 11 500 11 600 11,700 11 JO0 11.900

'lillE, SECON05

, I I
03:10:00 03:15:00
RNIGI[ TII_, HOL_S:NIIWTI_:S(COIIDS

Figure 9-2. Trajectory and ST-124M Platfom Veloctty Comparisons,

Boost-to-TLI (Trajectory Minus LVDC)

n 8
 _ --I 4

Table g-l. Inertial Platform Velocity Comparisons

(PACSS-12 Coordinate System)

VELOCITY - M/5 (FTIS)

EVENT 0ATA SOURCE
VERTICAL CROSSRANGE
(i)
Guidance {LVOC) Z 631.75 -11.80
(8 634.35) 1-_!.71 )
S-IC 2 631.68 -11.07
Postf119ht Trajectory
O(CO (8 534.12) (-36.32)

O_ratlonal Trajectory 2 537.75 -3.37

(8 554.03) (-11 .os)
i

Gu|dance iLVDC) 3 408.84 4.50

(11 183.845) (14.76) (22 349.74)
$-II
Postfltght Tr|Jectory 3 409.52 7.07 6 810.92
OECO
(11 186.09) (23.20) (22 345.54)

Opera_lona! Tra_ector_ 3 425.35 1.87 6 787.06

(11 238.04) (6.14) (22 267.25)

Guidance (LYOC_ 3 212.45 -1.57 • 7 603.88

(10 539.53) (-S.15) (24 947.11)
S-IVB
Postflfght Trajectory 3 212.95 1.45 • 7 603.99
FIRST ECO
(10 541.18) (4.76) (24 947.49)
..r-
Olwratonal Trajectory 3 226.31 -1.18 7 606.72
(10 584.99) (-3.ea) (24 956.44)

Guidance(LYDC) 3 211.95 -1.65 7 605.55

(10 537.89) (-S.41) (24 952.59)
PAPJ_ING
PostFi 19_t Trajectory 3 212.42 1.42 7 605.73
_IT
(10 S39.44) (4.6_) (24 953.18)
IN_EIIION
Operational Trajectory 3 225.76 -1.1S
(10 _.19) (-3.9t)

_t dance(LVOC) -22.40 1 499.70

(-73.49) (4 920.2e)
$-I_ -2 766.91 -11.97 1 800.07
Postfl tgmt Trajectory
_¢OND ECO*
(-9 077.79) (-39.27) (4 921.411)

9peratto_41 TriIJector), -2 769.00 -22.71 I 494.47

(-9 oe4.r_) (-74.51) (4 903.13)
, i | in

Gutd,nce (LYOC) -2 770.20 -22.40 1 SOI.O0

(-9 om.sa) (-73.40) (4 924.541

Post_ Itl_t Trav_'tory -11.87

(-_.94)

Operatt_l Tfldectorj, -2 772.47 ! 49S. 7S

(-s ou.o4) (4 _07.33)

_ilm _ veloctl_ ch..a_ f_m T1mo _ S.

4
0

E
0

O
°@.,

I,'-"

!
at TLI was -1887 m2/s Z (trajectory minus LVDC). Figure 9-3 presents the
state vector comparisons during EPO. The LVDC data not received because
of non-continuous station coverage were simulated by initializing to a ..........
telemetered state vector and integrating a trajectory using flight program
navigation equations and programmed vent accelerations. At T6, the differences
in total position and velocity were 872 meters in radius and I m/s in
velocity and are not significant.

The AS-S12 vehicle was guided to the targeted end conditions with a high
degree of accuracy. Vent thrust was effectively nominal during EPO.
Figure g-4 presents the continuous vent thrust reconstruction along with
OT predictions and three-sigma envelope. The upper portion of Figure
9-4 shows the orbital acceleration derived from the platform measure-
ments adjusted for accelerometer bias. The LVDC programmed acceleration .................
is also shown. The oscillations in acceleration from orbital navigation
(804.2 seconds) to about 2500 seconds may not be real. During this period
only compressed data were available for a curve fit of the telemetered
velocity outputs. However, the area under the curve w_ich represents
the accumulated velocity over this time span is essentially nominal.

The LVDC state :ector at TLI was compared with the OT and postflight
trajectories and the differences are presented in Table 9-3. The LVDC
radius vector was 5093.1 meters (16,709.6 ft) higher than the OT and
686.7 meters (2253.0 ft) lower than the postflight trajectory value.
Telemetered total velocity was 4.24 m/s (13.gl ft/s) less than the OT
and 0.83 m/s (2.72 ft/s) higher than the postflight trajectory. The
guidance system was highly successful in measuring the vehicle per-
formance and generating proper cemmnds to guide the vehicle to desired
conditions as shown in Table 9-4.

9.3 NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SCHEME EVALUATION

The LVDC flight program performed all reouired functions properly. Two
anomalies are reported in paragraphs 9.3.3 and 9.3.4. Neither signi-
ficantly affected flight program perfor_nce.

9.3.1 Variable Launch Azimuth

Due to the unscheduled hold in the countdown at approximately T-30 seconds,

the variable launch azimuth function of the flight program was required
to perform over a time variation greater than for any previous Saturn
V vehicle. The two hour 40 minute launch delay res_Ited in a change of
the flight azimuth from 72.141 degrees to gl.S04 degrees East of North.
The performance of flight program In achieving the targeted parameters
was satisfactory.

9.3.2 First Boost Period

All first stage maneuvers were performed within predicted tolerances and
Iterative Guidance Mode (IGM) performance for first boost was nominal.
The steering commands tel_etered during first boost are illustrated
in Figure 9-5. Table 9-4 shows the terminal end conditions for first
 oH--F'i ix _ .._ l i ! !\ _ -' i _-_
-,.,L__u :, .. _ l l..i- .;'_.-_/_i----.
I
/
i 1
.__..
_
--
I ......
_,,,L,,..(.l
dlirlll_(£
, ,_,tl0_.
_ Vll.OCl'lt.
,.
_I/S
"-
/ "
_._ ! . l _ ,; *, * I I " l 1 !

I I qliA_.l k
--oJFIj:I[_'.[ l pOsiTIon, jaq -+
.... 0llFllllIC[ Z vILOCITI, 915
I
! I --" /

_o

l
N

• 0

°1

I1_ t_l_. I:gllmPTS: _III

Figure 9-3. Comparison of LVDC and Postflight Trajectory Durin 9 EPO

 % ............ o
. |

.... CVS ACCELERATION RECOIlSTIIUCTION

._- L¥OC _IOGK4/_D --
_ .001;

+-'.. I
'°i
L .... ._

• .* r °...|. .

• 'I0 _

'._1 ...... cvs_.USTe[cmsv,_'vsm

%1 -- ¢VSIlmlll_. (01")
_I ...... PItEDICT(O
NIIIMUM lWtlI_
UIVELOI_ _ 240

I000 ZOO0 3000 4000 SO00 6000 7000 I1000 gO00

TIFE. SEC._

Figure 9-4. Continuous Vent System (CVS) Thrust and Acceleration

During EPO

r
 40 .... OPERAT]OUAL TPAJECTORY i _s-_c o_co
TELEUETRV

I 1 VS-II 0EC0
I _y.zc,P START
_."_T El_4| NAL GLIIDANCE
WS- I'ABECO
-

i \ I 1
-4C
N

E
-8(
N
a,.

-10(

p,.
N

L _2xt'
i

,IE

? v'7
0 100 290 300 400 500 6OO 7OO

IWIGE TIN[, _COIII_

Figure 9-5. Steering Commanas, First Boost

 Table g-3. State Vector Differences at Translunar Injection

OPERATIONAL POSTFLIGHT
PARAMETER TRAJECTORY TRAJECTORY
MINUS LVDC MINUS LVDC

35 370.6 4 261.I
LXs, meters
(feet) (11" 045.3) (13 980.0)

3 868.6
_Ys' meters
(feet) (12 692.3)

meters -13 706.7 -330.6

_Zs' (feet) (-44 969.5) (-1 084.6)

_R, meters -5 093.1 687.7

(feet) (-16 709.6) (2 253.0)

AiS, m/s 7.13 2.30

(ftls) (23.39) (7.55)
,t

is; m/s -0.15 11.19

(ft/s) (-0.49) (36.71)

30.74 3.76
is. (100.85) (12.34)

AV, m/s 4.24 -0.83

(ft/s) (13.91) (-2.72)

burn. Terminal conditions were obtained by linear forward extrapolation

using the velocity bias AV b = 1.514 meters/second to establish the
extrapolation interval beyend velocity cutoff.

Minor loup error telemetry indicated an unreasonable zero reading of

the yaw (Z) gimbal at 478.4 seconds iT3 +317.2) and again at 559.4
seconds iT3 +398.2). The test for an unreasonable zero reading was
designed to detect a failure of the gimbal resolver power source. If
two successive readings of the gimbal are found to be zero while the
past attitude error magnitude exceeds the test constant (0.06 degrees)
the zero reasonableness test is failed and minor loop error telemetry
is generated. If the fine resolver fails the zero test three times in
0.8 seconds during boost, a failure of the fine resolver is assumed and
the corresponding backup resolver is selected for attitude information
for the remainder of the mission. Since gimbal and ladder data at the
times of the error telemetry indicate zero yaw with yaw ladders (indi-
cative of yaw attitude error) greater than the test constant, the flight
 Table 9-4. AS-SI2 End Conditions

FIRST BURN

I_ROR
PARA/qETER ACHIEVED (NIHIEVLrD-01[SIR[D)

Temlmi] Velocity, YT 7803.8796 -O. 1817

(m/s)

ead_us, _ (meters) S,5,_,838.51 -7.49

PitJ_ Angle, 03" 0.0 -Q.000741 -0.000741

(degrees)

£ncTinatlon, I ZS. 5Z385G ;]. 524Z01 0.000346

(deg_es)

Descending _ade. _7.019862 87.018449 -0.001413

(degrees)

SECON0 BURN

ERROR
PAP.A_rTER :ES IRE.D 'IEVEO (J_.._| EYl_)- OESIll[l))
|

Eccen_tcity, E Q. 97220895 O.97219893 -0.00001002

Im:11n,*clon, I 28.4244SS Z8.424998 0.000500

(degv'ees)

Descendt ng No¢le, 86.143262 86.142845 -0.00_17

(degrees)

Argument of Perigee, 24.936942 24.925433 -0.011S09

-D (degrees)

Energy, C3 (aZ/sec2) -1,683,990.0 -1,684,5GZ. 3;_3 -ST:L3_3

program apparently responded correctly. 0nly one unreasonable zero

reading was found in each case and no change to backup readings was
initiated. Although the improper selection of a backup resolver _uld
not significantly degrade system accuracy, the current zero test is
being studied for possible changes to either the test method _r the mag-
nitude of the test constant for future missions.

9.3.3 Earth Parking Orbit

Parking orbit guidance proceeded as expected. Table 9-5 presents the

commanded steering angles for major events.

0rbital navigation was within the required tolerances for parking orbit.
Termination of orbital navigation occurred at I0,971.4 seconds
(T6 -7.2).
 o

Table 9-5. Coast Phase Guidance Steering Commands at Major Events

C_eWuO(OST_Z_IaGL_.=iSa([S
FLZGWT
P[mIO0 (Vt_T TI_. S£CCI_S qOL_ (X)

[arm Iettt4te Orbital _w.t_4mce TS *4.0 .I0_.8471

Pin'tlq Cht Fp_ezt
Orbt t
|nit/4_ Iqm_e_et- TS *Z1.S38 O.O_OG -117._] .-0.12_5
Local _rt zoe_]

Zntt_lte Or-)t LII T5 *)01.378 .. ..

Post lnlL'taM, Or_t_l Get4_.,_ 1"7 *o.0 -lsg.fim

TLI _1 Fnmze

In1 ttatR OrID4tJ 1 T7 -152.003 .° .. ..

_v_ttm

In1 ttats _ 1"7*152.Q33 O.O00G -17_.Z931 -0.2341

Local Horizontal

Intttate TOU _kmevver 1'7 _JG1.032

R_euw_. Camle_ T7 ,_194.4 °.

In4.ttalw! L_r 11 _41.014 ?80.0000 -94..F_43 18 64_

Local _fereecm _r

Minor loop error telemetry issued at approximate,y 5421 secor_s (T5 +4715.8)
indicated an unreasonable change in successive readings of the yaw 9im -
bal angle. The test for a reasonable cnaf,ge is made by comparing the
differenc_ in past and current gimbal readings with a preset test
constant. If the change between past and current gimbal readings
exceeds the respective test constant for pitch, yaw, or ro11 the change
is considered unreasonable. The magnitude of the yaw test constant at
the time of the failure was 0.2 degree/minor loop. If a fine resolver
fails the reasonableness test three times in one second during orbit
the corresponding backup (coarse) resolver reading is selected for
attitude information for the remainder of the mission. Since only one
unreasonable chan_e was found, the backup yaw gtmbal was not selected.

Evaluation of the gimbal angle data from the time of the error telemetry
indicated that the yaw (Z) backup gimbal reading was erroneously com-
pared with a fine resolver reading instead of the proper comparison of
two successive fine resolver readings. Further investigation revealed
the initiation of the once per 100 second data compression module at the
time of the minor loop interrupt. The occurrence of the minor loop
interrupt during a particular six instructien interval at the start of
 ,m .
i

the data compression resulted in the replacement of the fine yaw gimbal
reading by the backup yaw gimbal. Since the backup reading was rejected
as unreasonable, the next fine gimbal reading was properly compared
with the last reasonable fine gimbal reading and all _ubsequent reasonable-
ness tests were passed. The possibility of a similar occurrence on sub-
seouent missions has been eliminated by starting a read of the currently
selected Z gimbal ,_solver (fine or backup) at the end of data compression.

9.3.4 Second Boost Period

The December 6 target objectives resulted in nearly constant-time-of-

arrival trajectories across th_ launch window. Therefore the targeting
parameters calculated in preparation for second burn defined a higher
energy transfer orbit which CO_l_ensated for the 2 hour 40 minute launch
delay and enabled ccrn.pletion of the lunar landing and exploration on the
originally planned timeline.

Sequencing of restart preparations occurred as scheduled. T6 was ini-

tiated at 10,978.6 seconds. Extra acceler_eter telemetry was noted
throughout the second boost navigation periods. This is discussed in
the following oaragraphs. L

Upon reinitiation of boost navigation at lO,g71.4 seconds the extra

accelerometer readings, that should have been telemetered only from
GRR to T ÷1_, were reinitiated and continued throughout second boost
navigation. This resulted from the extra accelerometer read module
being queued in vith the periodic processor at GRR and again at second
boost initialize. The readings were not stopped as in first boost,
because there was no counterpart to the T ÷lO second cue during second
boost. In previous flight program.s the extra acceler_neter readings
were aueued in separately after GRR and were not queued in again at
second boost. A class II change effective with AS-512 reduced the
priority of these accelercmeter readings and placed their start time
at GRR. Tne only effect of this problem was a slight lengthening of the
coml)utation cycle during second boost but this was accounted for by the
flight program without adverse results. Since no further missions
with a S-IVB second burn are planned no program changes are recommended
but docLmentation of the occurrence has been accomplished for future
reference.

I(_q for the S-IVB second burn was iIpl_nted at 11,562.7 second_
(T6 +584.1). Pitch, yaw and roll attitude angles for second burr
are shc_m in Figure 9-6.

_able 9-4 shews the terminal end conditions for the S-IVB s_cond burn.
:es|red values a-e the telemetered target values and actual teminal
values were obtained by linear forward extrapolation using a velocity
bias of ZYbra " 3.660 meters/second.

g-14
 E

°!
-...

f_

0
U

• ° • .
o o o g
e,-

i
0

e-

uD
!

°°
L

==
LI.

/
/ im

'1
!
!
!

o A o 0
}
]
a g
0 D

Sa} "_9_t 3_1I'.I'Y H]lld r_p "]w.wv30nlIlI;

q-1._
_

'I
9.3.5 Post-TLI Period

Post TLI guidance proceeded as expected. Table g-5 presents the com-
manded steering angles for some major events.

Two lunar impact APS burns were commanded from Mission Control Center-
Houston (MCC-H} at 21,735 seconds (6:02:15) and 39,754 (II:02:34),
respectively. The first burn of 98 seconds duration was started at
the cor_nanded time of 22,200 seconds (6:10:00). The second burn was
cou_nded to start at 40,500 seconds (I:15:00} with a duration of 102
seconds. Both burns were properly i_lemented by the flight program
with the desired attitude changes occurring upon acceptance of the
Digital Command System (DCS) commands, ignition times and burn durations
occurring as commanded.

The three-axis tumble was started by a zero burn set of lunar impact
commands beginning at 41,502 seconds. Changes of +31 degrees to pitch,
yaw and roll were commanded establishing tulle rates, followed by
Flight Control Computer power off "A" and "B" commands at 41,519
seconds and 41,530 seconds, respectively. (Power off "A" and "B"
switch selectors were issued at 41,521 and 41,53Z seconds, respectively.)

The telemetry subcarrier osci_latorwas commanded off by the flight

program at49,620 seconds after which no further telemetry data was
available.

NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEM COI_NENTS

The navigation and guidance hardware satisfactorily supported the accom-

plishment of mission ob|ectives. No anomalies were observed during the
AS-512 flight.

9.4.1 ST-124M Stabilized Platform System

The three gyTo servo loops responded properly to all vehicle perturbations.
Maximum deflection during the liftoff period was 0.3 degree on the Z
gyro pickoff. As on previous vehicles the S Hz oscillation (0.2° peak-
to-peak) occurred from S-IC CECO to S-IC OECO.

The largest disturbance occurred at Spacecraft/IU separation when the

X ¢Lyro pickoff deflected 0.8 degree, well within limits for proper
control.

The three accelerometer servo loops operated within previously experi-

enced limits. Peak deflections of the accelerometer gyro pickoffs
occurred during the heavy vehicle vibration period at liftoff. Maxi*
mum excursions were as follows:

9-16
 k • °

X y Z

Positive 2.5 deg. 5.0 deg. 3.0 deg.

Negative 2.1 deg. 4.5 deg. 2.9 deg.

9.4.2 Guidance Cez_uter

The LVOC and LVOA performed satisfactorily, and no hardware anemaltes

were observed during any phase of the A5-512 mission.

t (

Q_ITYa-la
 SECTION 10

CONTROLAND SEPARATION

10.1 SLIqMARY

All control functions and separation events occurred as planned. Er_jtae

gimbal deflections were emmtnal and Auxiliary ProDuls|on System (FPS)
firings predictable throughout povered fltght. All dynamtcs vere vithtn
vehicle capability, and bend|rig and slosh modes were adequately stabilized.

The _ provided satisfactory orientation and stabilization durfng

parking orbit and irro" Translunar [nJectton (TLI) throu<jh the S-[VS/IU
passive thermal control maneuver. APS propellant consueption for
attitude control and propellant settling prior to the APS burn for lunar
target impact was louer than the mean predicted requtrments.

Al1 AS-512 separation sequences were performed as planned _ith no

anomalies. Transients due to spacecraft separation, clocking, and Lunar
Module election appeared to be nominal.

10.2 S-IC CONTROL SYSTEMEVN.UATION

10.2.1 Ltftoff

The llftoff rover clearance aane_ve: occurred as planned. Table 10-1

s_marizes liftoff conditions and urisaltgrments.

10.2.2 [nflIght Dynamics

The AS-SI2 control systeu perfomed satisfactorily during S-IC boost.

Jtmphere measurements indicate th4t the peak vtnd speed encountered
vas 45.1 aeterslsecond at 12.2 ktlcmete_ altttude vtth an azimuth of
311 degrees. The peak wind speed calculated from the O-bill data vas
40.5 aeters/second at 12.2 k|lameters vrlth an aztauth of 313.1 degrees.
The yav rind r._apenent In beth cases was 28.6 meters/second, whlc_ is
near the 99 Percentile yaw vinci coqxxwnt for December (29.7 meters/
second for a gO degree launch azimuth). The pitch component vas near
SO percentile. The control system adequately stabilized the vehicle In
thts vtnd. About 12_. of the available yaw plane engine deflection vas
used in the region of the pe4k vlnd speed, and less th4n 105 was used
in pitch (based on the average engine glabal angles In pttch and yaw).

¢
ln_1
J_
 _ j_o---
/ -- f-"

Table 10-I. A5-512 Misalignment and Liftoff Conditions Summary

PI_OICT(O _ RANG( LAUNCH

P_RA_TER PITCH YAW ROLL PITCH YAid ROLL

:0.31 "0.31 :0.37 -0.13 0.11 -0.04

Ths,'_,_
_. @(tsalignment.
de_
"0.31 "0.31 - O.OZ O. 30
Center (ngine Cant,
de1

Vehtcle SUck|ng and ;0.27 *0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pad Htsal tgnment,
de9

Attitude (rror at -0.12 0.1Z -0.O6

Holddown Am
Release. de9

Peak Soft Release 415.900 (93.500)

Force Per Rod,
ll(lbf) k

tdtnd 19.55 H/3 (38 KnotS) 5.4 M/5 (10.5 Knots)

at 161.5 Meters at 161.S Meters
(530 Feet) ($30 Feet) at 3:)50

Thrust to Weight 1.189 Q

eO,lm_Jnot avat lable.

Ttme histories of pitch and yaw control parameters are sl_m in Figures
10-1 through 10-3, vtth peaks s_martzed in Table 10-2. Dynamics tn the
region between 0 and 40 seconds resulted _rtmartly fr_ guidance
commands. Bebeeen 40 and 110 seconds veh|c!e dynamics mere caused by
the pitch guidance program and the wind. Dynamics fro.. 110 seconds to
S-IC ou*.J:x_rd engine cutoff were caused by separated atrflow aero-
dynamics, tnboard engtne shutdovn, ttlt arrest, and htgh altitude vtnds.

The attitude errors between 11ftoff and 29 seconds Indicate that the
equivalent thrust vector mlsa11_ts present belror_ the outboard
encjine_ canted vere -0.13, 0.II, and -0.04 degrees in pitch, yaw, and
roll, respectively. After outboard engine cant the mtsilt_ments became
0.04, 0.06, and 0.01 degrees. The attitude error transients at center
engine cutoff indicate that the center engtne mrisaltgrmentS were 0.02
and 0.130 deqrees In pitch and yaw.
i
o

,)
 BEGIN YAWMANEUVER _MAX q
END YAW,qANEUVER Ist GAIN SWITCH
BEGIN PITCH/ROLL _;q':EUVER '_Znd GAIN SWITCH
E,"IDROLL .v;:_EUVER CENTERENGINE CUTOFF
_VOUTBOARD ENGINE CANT TILT ARREST
'_ MACHZ OUTBOARDENGINE CUTOFF
x_ STAGING
_ MEASURED
--- SIMULATED
1.5 i

L_

Ip-- a--I 0.8

_'_Z

I I
HEASUREDOATA.
INACCURATEIN
THIS REGION

rv J

'_ _ _ f

_£___j o " _ -f ,. - . ._ _..........

_,_,-:_,

1_ i I I I

0 ZO 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

TIRE. SECOII_

Ffgure 10-1. Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-IC Burn

_ fl_ "_
 3£S::; YAw ,_A'IEUVE_
_' E'iO YAa _A'_Eu'K._ 1st _1,_ SUZTCd
[3£_lrt P_TCH/P3LL ','-'*_EUVER _Znd GAiN Si_[TCH
"_CE'iTER EHG[q[ CUTOFF
_' r'jbq_OARO E_'IG_,iE CANI T|LT _RP.EST
OUTBOARDENG|,_E CUTOFF
_7 STAGi:IG

.... S[,_ULATEn

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IX #\ i i
ocw
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II w _il v %1

_=_:

I If
-0.8
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0 2O 4O 101) 1lO 140 160
RAIIGE TIPE. SECONOS

Figure 10-2. Yau Plane _ic_ _ring S-IC Burn

1tt..JL
 BEGIN YAM MANEUVER _'HAX q
_;T END YAg HANEUVER lst GAIN SMITCH
BEGIN PITCH/ROLL MANEUVER 2nd GAIN SWITCH
_0 ROLL MANEUVER CENTER ENGINE CUTOFF
_rOUTBOARD ENGINE CART T TILT ARREST
_Ca I OUTBOARD ENGINE CUTOFF
STAGING
_CALCULATED FROM Q-BALL
.... SIMULATED

i _
"
i
l I i
I
o

,. /_/__.. 1
w_

0 ¸

-2-

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[
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U
J
I-- 4'
t--

00"0

\
I--

..J

?
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ..u

PJqNG_TIRE. SECONDS

Figure 10-3. P_tch and Yaw Plane Free Stream Angle of Attack
During S-IC Burn
 "D

Table 10-2. Maximum Control Parameters During S-IC Burn

yJw ?t_( _LL PL_£

R_r_E
•",,"_LITUII TL'qE
(S(C) {s_c) (SEC}

,tttttude Er_r °, dl_Q 0.84 119.4 ol.26 3.3 1.OZ 14._

O. 71 5.0 -1.18 74.7

_guIar ¢u'_. _t,_l/s

Average Etma! Angle. 0,38 75.0 -0._ 3.Z

deg

_k_g|e of At_dICk. _J 2.23 59.6 4,_S 7a.9

_gle of St_ack-
_n4ml ¢ P_essvrt
P,-o_.ct. dep_/¢,_ 5.48 74.4 14.45 79.9
{ d_-1 bf/f¢" ) (Ii_) C_IG)

_¢ce]erat_. m/s z -_._S _. 52 31

Cfr_s:) (-i.5) (1.7]

Stase5 }-emoved

A11 dynamics were within vehicle capability. The attitude errors

required to trim out the effects of thrust unbalance, offset center of
gravity, thrust vector misalignment, and control system misa]ignments
were within predicted envelopes. The peak angles of attack in the
maximum dynamic pressure region were 2.23 degrees in pitch and 4.45
degrees in yaw. The peak average engine deflections requl-ed to trim
out the aerodynamic moments in this region were 0.38 degree in pitch
and 0.58 degree in yaw. No divergent bending or slosh dynamics were
observed, indicating that both bending and slosh were adequately
stabilized. Vehicle dynamics prior to S-IC/S-II first plane separation
were within staging requirements.

10.3 S-II CONTROL SYSTEM EVALUATION

The S-II stage attitude control system performance was satisfactory.

The vehicle dynamics were within expectations at all times. The maxi-
mum values of pitch parameters occurred in response to Iterative Guidance
Mode (IGM) Phase I initiation. The maximum values of yaw and roll con-
trol parameters occurred in response to S-IC/S-II separation conditions.
The maximum control parameter values for the period of S-II burn are
shown in Tab]e ]0-3.

Between S-IC OECO and initiation of I@1 Phase I, commands were held
constant. Significant events occurring during this interval were S-IC/
S-II separation, S-II stage _-2 engine start, second plane separation,
and Launch Escape Tower (LET} jettison. Pitch and yaw dynamics during
 Table 10-3. Maximum Control Parameters During S-IT Burn

PITCH PLANE

TIME IT_ I TIRE

PALLOR (s_c) (SEe)
i i
i ii i

Attit_ E_r t, deg -1.5 471 -O.S Z06 -2.7

._julJr Ra_. de_/sec 1.0 471 O.S 2.5 166

Av_-ageGtmal Angle. 0.5 206 0.4

c_g
• Iltases _moved

this interval indicated adequate control stability as shown in Figures

I0-4 and 10-5, respectively. Steady state attitudes were achieved
within 10 seconds from S-IC/S-II separation.

Flight and simulated data comparison, Flgures 10-4 and 10-5, show
agreement at those events of greatest control system activity. Differ-
ences betweenthe two can be accounted for largely by engine location
misalignments, thrust vector mtsaltgnments, and uncertainties in engine
thrust buildup characteristics.

10.4 S-IVB CONTROL SYSTEM EVALUATION

The S-IVB thrust vector control system provided satisfactory pitch and
yaw control during powered flight. The APS provided satisfactory roll
control during first and second burns.

During S-IVB first and second burns, control system transients were
exoerienced at S-II/S-IVB separation, guidance initiation, Engine
Mixture Ratio (MR) shift, teminal guidance mode, and S-IVB Engine Cut-
off (ECO). These transients were expocted and were well within the
capabilities of the control system.

10.4.1 Control System Evaluation During First Burn

S-IVB first burn pitch attitude error, angular rate, and actuator
position are presented tn Figure 10-6. First burn yaw plane dynamics
are presented in Figure 10-7. The maximum attitude errors and rates
occurred at IGM initiation. A summary of the first burn maximum values
of critical flight control parameters is presented in Table 10-4.
 • %.

*!EA_URE;
X_7 S-! ! CIC_ --_ S I:!ULAT['_

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I
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_ _-__.
......
1

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i.,_
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i I

._z: L] A
' .4
,.-_ o ....... __

-1

_- IILLF" _ m

200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560
IU_,IGE TIME, SECONI_

Figure 10-4. Pitch Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn

 MEASUR[D
_7 S-IC/S-II SFP4RATIOtl COMM_
Slr111ATEn

Ir_
S- IIPHASE
CECr) I INITIATED

_5-I I h[Ch

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Q.w
v.,J

L A
______ _ _ __
m,_ 0

l
°0. a. |

.,.[
7
C 160 200 Z40 280 320 360 400 440 480 S20 560

RAN_ TIME, SECOffi_

f

Figure 10-5. Yaw Plane Dynamics During S-II Burn

 <_

_E

7i :.
..t.-.

'7,"

ii ,-, '

]iliilOii Illlllll $1'611 °]lill illllllOil) IlOlill_d

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 • m°

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Table 10-4. Xaxi_ Contro] Parameters During S-IVB First Burn

wITC_ _.IE _LL _._qE

NqW.I,'_G( _ TIRE _:TUOE _ TZR[

mJ_ll (sic) (sic) (5[C)

Z.4 _I.5 -¢.7 574.0 -0.8 (.._i.O

-:._L
Mg.l,r _ce, _/s -I .4 573.0 -0.3 572._ -0.5 _1.4

i .5 570.5 -_.7 574.:

Jet
f-

._.p-
• Iios4,s ,,_woved f:--

The pitch and yaw effective thrust vector m|salignments during first burn
were 0.37 and -0.18 degrees, respectively. A steady state roll torque of
7.4 N4 (5.4 lbf-ft) countercloc_tse ]ooklng forward required roll APS .¢

firin3s during first burn. The steady state roll torque experienced on
previous flights has ranged between 61.4 N-I (45.3 lbf-ft) counterclockwise
and 54.Z _t-m (40.0 ibf-ft) c]oclrwtse.

Propellant sloshing during ftrst burn was observed on data obtained from
the Propellant Utilization (PU) mass sen_ors. The propellant slosh did
not have any noticeable effect on the operation of the attitude control
.-=
system.

10.4.Z Control System Evaluation Durtng Parking Orbit w

The AI_ provided satisfactory oHentat|on and stabilization during parklng

orbit. Following S-IV_ first ECO, the vehicle was maneuvered to the tn-
plane local horizontal, and the orbttal pttch rate w_s establ|shed. The
p|tch attitude error and pitch angular rate for this maneuver are shoun
in F_ure 10-8. Available data indicate that sloshing disturbances which
caused venting of L0X on AS-510 were minimized on AS-512. The LOX ullage
pressure remained belo_ the reltef setttng throughout parking or_tt.

10.4.3 Control System Evaluation During Second Burn

f.._ -

S-|YB second burn pitch attitude error, angular rate, and actuator position
are pmented tn Ftgure 10-9. Second burn yaw plane dyna,,tcs Ire pmented
in Ftgure 10-10. The maxtmm attttude efTOrS and rates occurred follovlng
gut_nce tn|ttatton. Transients were also observed as a result of the
pttch and y_ attitude c_ands at the tendnatto_ of the Artificial Tau
9utdance mode (27 seconds before ECO).
-2.

|
4.;

!
 °_

_7 MANEUVER to Lr)C,_L IN-PLANE HORIZONTAL

3.0 . "1 ....

l

!.0 - ._,..,.,._

-1.0

-2.C

-3.0:
1.0 ....
/
0.5 @
..It--

_a.Q.
-0.5,

- 1.O'7z 0 760 800 840 880 920

I_NGE TIME, SECONDS

,_7. I.. I I l I i t I I I
00"12:00 00:12:40 00:)3:20 00:14:00 ' 00:14:40 00:15:20

RA_E TIME, HOURS:MINUTES:SECONDS

Figure I0-8. Pitch Plane Dynamics During Parking Orbit

A sumnary of the second burn maxlmmn flight control parameter values is

presented in Table I0-5.

Table I0-5. Maximum Control Parameters During S-IVB Second Burn

_%TOm_ YAw Pt_ lOLL _._E

m

Pm_rTEI _ITUDE li_ TIME' AN_,ITI_ I_ TIME Jl_l.ITl_E iUMIG( TI_

(s(c) (s(c) (SEC)
Z.2 II_7.S -O.$ 11S79o0 *0.9 llMS.O
_. o
A'v/wlin" ll41_. M_S -I .4 llSEg.O 0.3 11M1.0 O.lS II_.0

_tmlm Gl_! _bq|e, 1.3 11S67.0 -0.7 11S70.0

line

The pitch and yaw effective thrust vector mtsalignments early in second
burn (prior to MR shift) were 0.36 and -0.16 degrees, respectively.
Following the MR shift the mtsalignmenLs were 0.50 and -0.24 for pitch
and yaw, respectively. The steady state roll torque during second burn
was essentially zero as minimum impulse firings were observed at alter-
nating sides of b_e roll deadband.

Nomal oropellant sloshing during second burn was observed on data

obtained from the PU mass sensors. The slosh activity did not have any
noticeable effect on the operation of the Attitude Control System.

lO-12
 ++ ,

I t I'
I, . . U
__ +-++.---4
E

ii +---+ L

i i_i
t_

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0
U

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all _1

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im "[_ _ II "[£..qllLll

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10..13 -"
 .s D
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I0.4.4 Control System Evaluation After S°IYB Second Burn

The AFS orovided satisfactory orientation and stabilization from Trans-

lunar Injection (TLI) through t_e S-IVB/IU Passive Thermal Control (PTC)
maneuver [Three-Axis Tu_.ble Maneuver]. Each of the planned maneuvers
was performed satisfactorily.

Significant events related to translunar coast attitude control were

the maneuver to the i_-oIane local horizontal following second burn
cutoff, the maneuver to the Transportation Docking and Ejection (TD&E)
attitude, soacecraft seoaration, spacecraft docking, lunar module extraction,
the taneuver to the evasive ullage burn attitude, the maneuver to the LOX
..... du_ a_titude, the maneuver to the optimum lunar imbact ullage burn atti-
tude, the raneuver to the solar heating control attitude, the maneuver to
the vernier lunar imoact ullage burn attitude, and the PTC maneuver.

The pitch attitude error and anc.u]=r rate for events during which
teI_metry.data were available a_ shown in Figure 10-11.

Following S-IVB second cutoff, ".he vehicle was maneuvered to the in-plane
local horizontal at 12,059 seconds ((03:20:59) (through approximately
-19.4 degrees in pitch and-0.2 degree in yaw), and an orbital pitch rate
was established. At 12,809 sec_ds (03:33:2g), the vehicle was commanded
to maneuver to the separation TI)&E attitude {through approximately 120, 40
and -180 degrees in pitch, yaw and roll, respectively).

Spacecraft separation, which occurre_ at 13,347 seconds (03:42:27),

appeared nominal, as indicated by the relatively small disturbances
induced on the S-IVB.

Disturbances during spacecraft docking, which occurred at 14,231 seconds

(03:57:11), were less than on previous flights. Docking disturbances
required 2,160 N-sac (485 Ibf-sec) of impulse from Module 1 and 1,160 N-sac
(261 lbf-sec) of impulse from _Xlule 2. The largest docking disturbances
on previous flights occurred on AS-510 and required 3,480 N-sec (783 Ibf-
sec) of impulse from Module 1 and 3,040 N-see (683 lbf-sec) of impulse
from Wodule 2. Lunar module extraction occurred at 17,102 seconds
(04:45:02) with nominal disturbtmces.

At 17,520 seconds (04:52:00) a yaw mneuver from 40.3 degrees (TO&E

attitude) to -40.0 degr_ was initiated tO attain the desired attitude
for the evasive ullage burn. At 18,181 seconds (05:03:01) the APS
ullage engines were commanded on for El)seconds to provide the necessary
separation distance between the S-IVB and spacecraft.

The maneuver to the LOX du_ attitude was performed at 18,760 seconds
(05:12:40). ,'his was a two-axis maneuver with pitch cmmanded frm 179.5

!0-3_
 el7 [qITIJT( eqUI(UV(II TO LOCAL H01[Z_ITAL
"3_ Tq|T[AT( mJ_(UYEII TO TOIIE ATTITUOE
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or_ 1.0

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1_07S 1210S 1213S 12155 1Z195

IumGE. TIME. SECnml_

I _' I I I 1 ! I I J a
03:20:45 03:21:1S 03:21:45 03:22:15 03:22:45 O3:23:1S

fliT. IOAIS:MIIIJTES:SECI:_IOS

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UmGE TINE. SECrOmS

I l.._' I , J I I I I I |
03:32:30 03:33:S0 03:3S:10 03:36:$0 03:37:S0 03:39:00

IIIGE TII_E. HOURS:RIll/I1_:SECIIIOS

Figure 10-11. P'_t.r._ Plane Dynamics During Translunar Coast (Sheet 1 of 6)

10..15
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F_gur_ 10-11. Pi_ Plane Oy_l_cs Outing Translunir Co_t (Sheet S of 6)

 _ _ -_

_7 [N[T|AT( MANEUVER TO VERNIER LL_AR [lqF'ACT ATTZTUO(

INITIATE PTC .%-_:_(UVER
FLI_',HT CO;tTPOI C_IPLITEI_ OFF
3.0

_ _ . ,?,._
!
_ ,.s,9
O,,.',Q ." /
=o: .1..r.
\
/
/
L --

-3.9

...... i

_:'__ 0.5
-.oA 0.0
_( a. o.
.... i
x -0.5
L
]

39750 39790 39830 39870 3_10 39950

I_ANGE TINE, SECONDS

I I I I I I l I I
11:02:30 11:03:10 11:03:50 ' 11:04:30" 11:05:10 11:05:50

RANGE TIME. HOU_:MIIzU1"ES:SECONDS

6.0

=,,- ,e Z.O
_,
-,.o
t,e,z
- O.G
/
e.,,,.4b, _-_.
4( _Q,.
=, -Z.O

_'_ -_.o

.,Je
I.
41500 41_ ,111_ 41560 41580 41600

TI_, SI[COIIOS

I _ I _' , _ i _ , i I
11:31:40 11:_:00 11:32:20 11:32:40 11:33:00 11:33:20

IUtNG£ tll_. IIOURS:MINUTr_:.Td[_

Ffgure 10-11. P_h Plane Dynamics During Translun_r Coast (Sheet 6 of 6)

to 190:O-degrees anO yaw from -40 to -19 degrees referenced to the in-
plane local horizontal. LOX dump occurred at 19,460 seconds {04:24:20)
and lasted for 48 seconds.

At 21,735 seconds (06:02:15) a ground command was received to perform a

maneuver to the desired-attitude for the APS ullage burn for lunar target
impact. This was also a two-axis maneuver and resulted in a pitch
maneuver change from 190.0 to 248.0 degrees and a yaw attitude maneuver
change from -19.0 to -23.b degrees referenced to the in-plane local
horizontal. At 22,200 seconds (06:10:003 the APS ullage engines were
commanded on for 98 seconds to provide delta velocity for lunar target
impa_t. ..............

At 22,664 seconds (06:17:443 a ground command was received to perform a

maneuver to the solar heating attitude to assure proper solar heating
conditions. This was a single-axis pitch maneuver and resulted in a
pitch maneuver changefrom_48.Oto 161.0 degrees referenced to the in-
plane local horizontal.

At 39,760 seconds (11:02:40) a ground command was received to perform a

maneuver to the desired attitude for the second luna_ impact APS ullage
burn. This maneuver was a two-axis maneuver and resulted in a pitch
maneuver change from 161.0 to 121.0 degrees and a yaw attitude maneuver
change from -23.0 to -II degrees referenced to the in-plane local
horizontal. At 49,500 seconds (11:15:00) the APS ullage engines were
commanded on for 102 seconds to provide delta velocity for a more
accurate lunar target impact.

The command to initiate the PTC maneuver was received at 41,510 seconds
(II:31:50). This maneuver consisted of commanding the vehicle +31
degrees in the pitch, yaw and roll axis. After vehicle angular rates
of approximately -0.3 degree/second pitch, -0.3 degree/second yaw,
and 0.6 degree/second roll were established, a ground command was
received (Flight Control Computer Power Off B) at 41,532.5 (II:32:12.53
to inhibit the IU Flight Control Computer leaving the vehicle in a
three-axis tumble mode.

APS propellant consumption for attitude control and propellant settling

prior to the APS burn for lunar target impact was lower than the mean
predicted requirements. The total propellant {fuel and oxidizer) used
prior to the first ullage burn for lunar target impact delta velocity was
51.8 kilograms {ll4.Z Ibm) and 5Z.g kilograms (I16.7 ll_n) for Modules l
and 2, respectively. This was approximately 35 percent of the total
available propellant in each module {approximately 147 kilograms [330
Ibm]). APS propelllnt r-nsumptlon is tabulated in Section 7, Table 7-4.
10.5 I;;STRUMENT UtlIT CONTROL COMPONENTS EVALUATION

The control subsystem performed properly throughout the AS-S12 mission.

All ST-124M Stabilized Platform Subsystem (SPS) factors remained within
previously experienced limits. The eouipment temperatures increased as
expected when the water sublimator operation was inhibited (Section
14.4.1).

10.5.1 Gimbal Anale Resolvers

Prooer vehicle attitudewas4nd_ca_ed by the gimbal angle resolvers

until the PTC maneuv( w_s initiated at approximately 41,500 seconds.
As on AS-511 the _osi yaw aimbal mechanical stop was contacted for
short periods o_ time. his was expected. No vehicle perturbation or
hardware failure was ev,dent as a result of the contacts.

I0.5.2 • ST-124M Power Supplies

All power parameters were within specification limits. Deviation from

nominal Occurred while the water sublimator operation was inhibited.
The 4.8 _qz voltage increased while the 400 Hz voltage decreased, but in
each case no specification limit was exceeded.

10.6 SEPARATION

10.6.1 S-IC/S-II Separation

The AS-512 S-IC/S-II stages separated as planned with no known anomalies.

Clearance distance between the sta_es was approxiamtely 2.4 meters (eight
feet) more than reoulred at S-II Engine Start Command (ESC) as shown In
Figure I0-12. Separation distance was approximately 15.2 meters (SO feet)
at d-2 engines main propellant ignition.

During the first n" -_ separation period (160 to 166 seconds), the maxi-
rum roll atti)" and angular rate were approximately -2.7 degrees
and +2._ " ,cond, respectively. Maximum pitch and yaw atti-
rude nd -0.7 degrees,respectlvely.Corresponding
ma_,-_ rates at this tlme were -0.2 and -0.1 degrees per
s

ond Plane Separation

.ane separation was performed as planned. No significant tran-

..,,_ in vehicle attitudes or rates were identified that would have
caused this separation to be other than nominal.
i.

6O
'7_'uT_o.c_,,,,o I / / o .s-5.
?-AIN P_CPt'_L.AXT
l_?l(Im) I c
/
"50

i ! I t/ i
;J ,
J
'__,/o
,
_-.._,_,_
i
4O I , :,./

............. // -i '_
_0 ¸' !i_ I ',
I r/,-,, ,_,,o,.,,,,.:.,
.; . fi ! I )¢_._

i ill : I _.\\\\\\'_
lO
://,._, _,._':_ _,_,_,_,_
.... i

0 I 2 3 4 s 6
Tl.q[FI_0M
3UIIICJ&RO OJTOFF.SE_);_
D4GI_I[
, ,17, _ , , _' , "_ ',
162 163 164 165 166 167

IUIl_E TIRE, SECTS

Figure I0-12. AS-S12 S-IC/S-II Separation Distance

10.6.3 S-II/S-IVB Separation

Nominal accelerations were observed on the flight vehicle during the

S-II/S-IVB separation. Vehicle dynamics were as _redicted and well
within staging limits.

10.6.4 CSM Separation

At i2,810 seconds (03:33:30) a maneuver to the TD&E attitude was

initiated co _ssure proper lighting and communication conditions for
spacecraft separation, docking, and lunar module ejection. The
vehicle was comm_nded to pitch 120 degrees, yaw 40 degrees, and roll
-180 degrees. This attitude was held inertially until the beginning
of the evasive maneuver. The vehicle motion during the maneuver was
close to predicted with maximum vehicle rates of 0.75 deg/sec, 0.95
deg/sec, and -0.80 deg/sec in the pitch, yaw, and roll axes,
respectively.

Transients due to spacecraft separation at approximtely 13,348 seconds

(03:42:28) appeared nominal. Separation disturbances caused five ._PS
Module 1 pitch firings within 10 seconds following separation. A
negative roll disturbance was controlled by 6 roll flrln_swlthln 15
seconds following separation.

All attitude errors re_ained within the l degree deadband luring the
separation )rocess.
 SECTION 11

ELECTRICAL NETWORKS AND EMERGENCY DETECTION SYSTEM

II.I SUMMARY

The AS-5_2 launch vehicle electrical systems and Emergency Detection

System (EDS) performed satisfactorily throughout the requi_ed period
of flight. However, the temperature of the S-IVB Aft Battery No. I,
Unit No. I, increased significantlyabbve the nominal control limit (90°F)
at approximately 9 hours due to malfunction of the primary heater control
system. Operation of the Aft Battery NO. I remained nominal as did
operation of a11 other batteries, power supp1(es, inverters, Exploding
Bridge Wire (EBW) firing units _ andsw!t_ selectors.

I1.2 S-IC STAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The S-IC stage electrical syst_ performance was satisfactory. Battery

voltages were withih performance limits of 26.5 to 32.0 V db. ing powered
flight. The battery currents were near predicted and below the maximum
limits of SO amperes for each battery. Battery power consumption was
within the rated capacity of each battery, as shown in Table If-l, but
exceeded predictions due to range safety system loads during the launch
delay.

Taole 11-1. S-IC Stage _tt_._ Po_er Consumption

POWER CONSUMPTION"

RATED PERCENT
BATTERY OF
CAPACITY
;V(P-HR
(Am'-MR) CAPACITY
I um iN m

Operational 8.33 2.51 30.1

Instrumentation 8.33 3.70 44.4

*Battery power consumptions ,ere calculated frmthe initial power

transfer (T-50 seconds) until S-IC/S-ll separation and include energy
used during the first countd_ sequence prior to the hold inclWlng
range safety consumption.
i i
 .T -

Fhe two m_easuring p_r Supplies were within the recruited _ _O.OS V
limit during p_r flight. All switc_ selector channels fur_ticned as
commanded by the Instrument Unit (IU) and were within reouired time limits.

The separation and retro_OtOe E_ f-iring units were ar_ed aria triggered as
prograemed. Chargir_j time and volt_e characteristics were within per-
fonnar_e iimi t_.

The range safety con, ar, d s)_te. [Eld firing units were in the required
"r
State-of-reaainess for_icle destruct_ had it _een necessary.

11.3 $-II STAGE [LECTRI_L SYST[_

The %11 stage electrical system per¢onned satisfactorily. A11 battery

and bus voltages rmair_ within specified limits through the prelaunch
and _ligflt _riods. Bus currents a15o r_mined within predicted limits.
Main bu_ current averaged 30 amperes during S-IC boost and varied fr_ 45
to SO amperes _uring S-II boost. InstrlJnentation bus current averaged
22 ammeres durin 9 S-IC aria S-II boost. Recirculation )us current averaged
87 amperes durin 0 S-IC boost. Ignition bus current averaged 30 amperes
during the S-[I Ignitic_ seauer, ce, ..........

The first countdown sequence produced an additional battery load prior to

Teminal Countdown Sequencer (TCS) cutoff. T.he additional tlme on inter-
hal po_er was 20 seconds w_Ich resulted in an additional drain of 0.16
ampere-hours for the Main Battery. 0.13 ampere-hours for Instr_Jentation Tr

Battery and 0.48 am_erc-hc_rs for the combination of Rectrculatton and

Ignition batteries. T_ tgntttcm vo|ta_e drop ancma)y _hich occurred
durtn 9 A:.S-.SI1 did not r_appear On this flight.

Battery power consumtion was within the rated capacity of each battery, - _.=

-_ .
as s_o.n in Table 11-2.

Table 11-2. S-ll Stage Battery Power (4_ts_tlon

, im i m i

_. -_.

m
gglll]rf C_llT am-m P_mmT
(i_-mm) C_IIT
| I I • Nil

/mtrmm¢_tle* ]S I_.S6 ]_.I

I_trc_latSem t_1 iz.;e 4,1.a

kctlrc_l_ttm OZ )o 12._S 42.S

• btt ,,.=er msees m rjl¢_l_ fr,_ ,¢_s_t_** ,,¢II 5-1U

)I-111 IMirli_lm Ill
li_llil 6.| tl 4.| R m ¢mrlml llm
ecttmt_ _ _ 111 is R _ llrlq ill first camlim
s_m_ce wter 1_ tSm _kl S_le_lilell _ _ mmmMs_.

11-2
 : " "_ 2:.

There was no indication in flight of a performance degradation occurrence

_ith the countdown long term open circuit voltage decay of forward
battery No. 2 reported in Section 3.2.3. ..Z._

All switch selector channels functioned as commanded by the IU and were

within acceptable limits. The LH2 rec!rculation pump inverters per-
formed satisfactorily,

Performance of the E_W circuitry for the separation systems was satisfactory.
The charge an_ discharge responses were within predicted time and
voltage limits. TEe range safety command system EBW firing units were
in the reouired state-of-readiness for vehicle destruct, had it been
necessar?. _.2 ",,2?

11.4 S-IVB STAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM f

11.4.1 Surrary

The S-IVB stage electrical system performance was satisfactory. The

battery voltages and currents remained within the normal range beyond
their mission reouire_ents. Battery temperatures were norml except for
the temDerature of the Aft Battery No. 1, Unit No. 1 which increased
slgnlficantly above the cutoff limit of the primary heater control
system at approximtely g hours. _tte_'voltage and current plots are
shc_ in Figures ll-I through II-4 and battery power consumption and
capacity for each battery are shown in Table 11-3. There was no recurrence
of forward Battery Mo. 2 early depletion that occurred during AS-SIO
and AS..511.

The three 5 V and seven 20 V excitation modules all performed within

acceptable limits. The LOX and LH2 chilldown tnverters performed
satisfactorily.
22_.
All switch selector channels functional properly and all outputs were
issued within reautred time ltmtts.

Performance of the E_ circuitry for the separation system was satisfactory.

The cha .ran and discharge responses of the firing units were within
I_redicted time and voltage ltmtts. The command destruct firing units
in the reauired state-of-readiness for vehicle destruct, had it
been necessary. ?.._-

11.4.2 _llrIB Aft Battery 11o. I, Unit No. I, Temq_erature Incrlase

_ra_ of _ _-I_ Aft Batt_Iry 11o. I, Unit _. |, increased

Significantly _ the _1 cutoff 11malt (90"F) of the pri_ heater
control syst_ at approximately 9.0 hours (see Figure 11-5). The tee-
perature of Untt !10. 1 continued to increase until the htgh teN_rature _ °

backup thermostat deener_tzed the heater at aplmDxtmately 120"F (see Figure

11-6). The te_erature then decked to apprmtmatoly 87"F at which Point
the heater was energized. Since t_e htgh t_mli¢_ra_ thermostat has a
small _erat_re deadl_nd and the heater dtd not cycle around the high
temperature thermostat control I)otnt, tmperature control of Unit No. 1

II-3

\ 1
r
\
 i+.

h r

j.

11-5
 .+ . + "_,i+

....... , +i++ "

+'I++-II
+++
....:-t
++#?
t -....-ii
- :!. ?+
.... ...... +
__..,++++._.+
,, ,, .+..._..,.,+.++=+=,+++2
"
+!I+'-
II-+, .I
.+°+
+: Ig::+ll
[_,,. _i

+: td,,__:__II.
]
Jl_ ..+._..._.__..I
i ........

t +c_:-_L., +
iF ,,

[_"';_
."
++
i

i i,, u,_, ,_-_:'+++++

+.+ ._.-+-,-
,i_- .... :" g+-+.+I'l
.

! I_I ,.i;_Fi'II
+ i'-+.,l+,+li+ "I 2 __ +
li_i

11-6
•! ! I i I P
I.
I

; .

11°_ 1
 T_,_le 11-3. $-:F'_ St.l_e OaJt_f'/ _ouer _:1_
. i

W3d_.JC_WSUPPT,
! On
I

J.,1._.[_r m[a_ CF
CAP_ITt

For_Jrd I,o. I ZOO.1Z"

I Z27.b
Irer_,"= _<,. Z .... ,'6.77**

I Z27.S 1_.LS* 51 ._

,_f_ to. 2 37.47 ° 56.35

a

*YroJ )_t_er/ _.tva'Joa _nttl end of dat_ (at 18,1f_S _=nds_.

o'_r_ _a_er 7 K_.m_t0n wntll ba:1_er7ml_le oec_ bel_

25.G r_t_$ {a: )O,_iZ se_omm).

$_-'_e_e_'Jy, _ _ea_t_ controilt_r again failed to tw'n _ _L,4't,4_roff

a% y_*_r _ ",,"_e:emperaY_e _patn _ncreased. That %amaperaY_e_seomee_e
_/S we'_eaf_,,,__Z41 _r_ar_llt.t_ of S.,llyB d&lLo. Littler7_ _01%,11_@.
r_re% _ t_e _ra_re of Aft IMt_ 11o. i, Unit I0. Z t_ua_n_
_tr41 Cur_ *_15 tecre_Jr_ed _1_4_11_1_ C7c1t_ql.

r_a_y of _ _m_ tr_siSter. LaNratu7 tlms_l nmm_r tests

_aw t_lat_d U_ fltqltt frlll_re. Ps,J_ ktStm_/ I_S i_dtr,Jl_ Imor
tms_11411_ of "_rmtst0r _t sl_ uould cJm14 _1 r_/.
_ect_o, _ mt _a tastallatlm I_s _i_ twittal_ to ism
ttat s'_ _tag fast4aer t0r_e. FlrUwr correcttw Ktlm

wi4e_ _]r _e t)4_s_LIt. Tkts lf_ll qS ¢saS4_rld clmaM.

11.5 |_ IJITT _lC.q,

The I_ elec'r._c_l system fmctt_l _ma111. Ill b_ttwy w_l_ges

_med _t_tim perfo_ limits If _t to 30 I. The kttery _t_re
_m_ _ ,Jrlq _ flt_Wt m m_lml. Tt_WI_ tacrmses
_rre e_m_e_M _m_lq _Je Imlbitlq of _ _mlal Coaltt(_riq
5Fs_Bm (TC_} meyer mllm ts I closM Imstttoa _¢ _0,918 secmds (_nca
pera_raca 14.&.1) as e_4c*._. 8a_4ry _o11UIges. _S _
=eroY.w_ arw _ 18 Ftqmres 11-7 _ 11-10. latter), l:mer coa-

11-11
 Tmle 11-4. XU ktttr7 l_.er Cons_tloa
I I I I I

_1 ¢_5UWTIm
II

m_ ¢,IfilCITv
I U1T_D AI94
(m'-_)
I

6010 255._0

36So4 H 104-*

329.0 ° e_

307.5 _o I11 m

o,_mml _ Ns _ from flul m_r tr_sfar to 49,t20 s4c_as

{13 _ 41' _|.

-'rime CCS u'mmmd_, pro,era4 W me ira0 N_, ms mttmlp ms

$-|11/|IIItmJr MNct dltlCll or.cxrnd it ]113,181 514coIs (N:541:41).
mmsmetlcm wmtll 50118118 1mot toect is r._lculeti4 INtse4 om
_NI epe_glea.

***frmm flul _ ¢remf_r wmtS1 bitter/ mlUqe acdrlqM tnlgu _.0

_otts at lS,O00 secoem (1Z.5 ,torsi.

e_ _A
 o .

_!iI
i;!li jiii!!!l!.!!l.l:
|;_, _.i l-._-i-:
!-!.I
{,: !
lIijr!i!!triZ
ijj I i _, ill ._,!I ,
-iT i i j _ li i ' _ li-: '. _ _].-i
' ! !] j 1 ! !, ! I ! i ; ; :J., i
- ] - i l

• , i ; -v_, i i_, ] - ] ; i

- Fi] I, i. ;': i:,, ,t

_:- f\_
,-'. - i-
o _ ,.f
-. ,I l'

i i l _ l i_il!ill_il !_i .I
-i iiI] _ li ; il_iI I i ili ! I!

ii !il i I t"i ! !lit!; I 1 :,lii

! !1_ ! I./
I" -=
i_¸, t,'!]l Ii i!-!llii _!il./ "
| i t_1 i I i !J,_t I I i i _, i I.].
,i I !
,I

'I
1 =

,! t
w !
i _< Ii i :
I1
. =

!1_ "_.,;.. - o" o° l ".. _ .,

i
%
t

11-11
 .P

i t
| , ,

I
!
l ' i i

. i , , I i

I
p 1

I L , •
t
¢

1
; t i

1t
i i

- • . - . - .,,,
• ram mm_ m "J

II-12
 .

I.

, ,I
I

i,, A

t J
I
I

' I
I
I
I-
l
i
i,
i

i.L Q

ep.

= | i: e
o

• 8 • • • • • • lJ
-" ." II Z o" "-
°_
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i
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i •

i ' i I
J p
i
f*_ it
¢ J A 9
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IJ ; , i

tili:.!
!,
&

tixij .
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I]!1 ; • • I • • I • • I : .
i_
• ,,.
.1"

II*II "ll&
 The current sharing of the 6D10 and 6D30 batteries, to provide redundant
power to the ST-1Z4, was satisfactory throughout the 1flight.--Current ....
chartng reached a maxi.._ of 23 amperes (6010 and 26 amperes (6030)
compared to an average of 20 amperes (6D10) and 24 amperes (6030)
during S-IC burn (see Ftgures 11-7 and 11-9).

The 56 volt Dower suoply maintained an output voltage of 56:'2-to 56.6 V .......
whtch iS well wtthtn the requtred tolerance of 56 +_2.5 volts.

The S volt measuring power supply performed nominally, maintaining a

constant voltage within specified tolerances.

The switch selector, electrical distributors and network cabltng per ...........
formed nominally.

I1.6 SATURNV E_IERGENCYDETECTION SYSTE]q(EDS)

The perfomance of the AS-512 EDS wa_ nomal and no abort 11mtts were ...........
exceeded. All switch selector events associated with EOS for whtch data
are available were Issued at the nomtnal tim. The dtscrete indications
for EDS events also functioned nomally. The performance of all thrust
OK pressure switches and associated voting logtc, _tch monitors engine
status, was nomtnal insofar as EDS operation was concerned. S-IVB tank
ullage pressures remained below the abort i:aits. EDS displays to the
crew were normal.

The maximum dynamic pressure difference sensed by the Q-ball was 1.2
pstd at 88.0 seconds. This pressure was only 37.5 percent of the EOS
abort limit of 3.2 pstd.

As noted tn Section 10, none of the rate gyros gave any Indication of
angular overrate tn the pitch, yaw, or roll axis. The maxtmm angular
rates were well below the abort 1111ts.

!' .
 SECTION 12

VEHICLE PRESSURE ENVIRONMENT

12.1 SUMMARY

The SoIC base pressure environments were consistent with trends and
magnitudes observed on previous flights. The S-If base pressure
environments were consistent with trends seen on previous flights,
_lthough the magnitudes were higher than seen on previous flights.
The pressure environment during S-IC/S-II separation was well below ..................
m_ximum allowable values.

12.2 BASE PRESSURES

32.2., S-IC Base Pressures

The S-IC base heat shield was instrumented with two differential
'internal minus external) pressure transducers. The data recorded
by both instruments, D046-I06 and D047-I06, are in good agreement
with previous flight data in both trends and _gnitudes. A maxln_m
differential pressure of 0,12 psi occurred at an altitude of 6.0 n ml.

12.2.2 S-If Base Pressures

Figure 12-1 shows the AS-512 post-flight heat shield forward face
pressure data. The heat shield forward face pressure transducer
(D150-206) provided no useful data during S-II matnstage. Post-flight
analysis, using semi-empirical correlations based on 1/25 scale model
hot flow test results, indicated that the S-II-12 heat shield forward
face pressures were within the previous flight data band.

,he thrust cone post flight reconstruction is shown in Figure 12-2.

The thrust cone pzessure transducer (D187-206) provided no useful
data during S-II mainstage. Post-flight analysis based on the semi-
empirical correlations mentioned above indicates higher thrust
cone pressures, prior to interstage separation, than previous
flight data.

The heat shield aft face pressures, shown in Figure 12-3, were
higher than those seen on previous flights.

"he higher pressures in the S-II-12 base region as indicated by

post-flight analysis and measured flight data, are attributed to fur
T_rther inboard deflections of the engines than on previous flights.
Effective with AS-510, the S-II engine precant angle was reduced
f.'om 1.8 ° to 9.6 °. Since base pressures result from reverse flow
of the engine exhaust gases, a further inboard deflection would

12-I
i i • m I IN i .
I I I I
 q_$-I I 1GqIT I0R _ (I,IR SHIFT
_P' INTERSTAG£ SEPARATION S-ll 0£C0
_S-ll cEco

0.06

0.05

N
0.04
8

0.03
-.,m,

0.02

ms
0.01

0.0

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

MANGETIME, SECONDS

Flgure 12-3. S-II Heat Shield Aft Face Pressure

cause higher pressures in the base region.

12.3 S-IC/S-ll SEPARATION PRESSURES

Details of the S-IC/S-II separation arepresented in Section 10.6.

At main propellant ignition, the separation distance was over 50 feet,
and over 100 feet at gO% thrust; conseqcently the pressure environment
during S-IC/S-II separation was well below maximumallowable values.

T2-3112-4

.... u
 • •_ . •

SECTION 13

VEHICLE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

13.1 SUMMARY

The AS-512 S-IC base region themal environments exhibited trends and
magnitudes similar to those seen on previous flights, except that the
ambient temperature under engine No. 1 cocoon showed an unexpected
rise that peaked at about 50 seconds.
!

The base thermal environments on the S-II stage were consistent with
J the trends and magnitudes seen on previous flights and were well below
design limits.

.7. Aerodynamic heating environments and S-IVB base thermal environments

were not measured on AS-512.

13.2 S-lC BASE HEMING

Thermal environments in the base region of the S-IC stage were recorded
by two total calorimeters, C0026-106 and C014g-106, and two gas tem-
perature probes, C0050-106 and C0052-I06, which were located on the
aft heat shield, The sensing surfaces of the total calorimeters were
mounted flush with the aft shield surface. The base gas temperature
sensing surfaces were mounted at distances aft of the heat shield
surface of 0.25 inch (C0050-106) and 2.50 inches (C0052-106). In general,
the AS-512 da¢a was in good agreement wtth previous flight data in both
trends and magnitudes. Typical base thermal data, total heating rates
recorded by C0026-106, are presented in Figure 13-1 and compared to
data from the AS-511 flight= The meximun recorded total heating rate
-m
was approximately 17 Btu/ftZ-s and occurred at an altitude of 11,5
n mi.

The ambient temperature measurement (C242-I01) under Engine No. 1 cocoon

) showed an unexpected rise starting

about 50 seconds (see Figure 13-2).
returned to a normal level
soon after liftoff and peaking at
Following the peak, the teq)erature
at about lO0 seconds, and remained similar
to cocoon temperature levels for the other engines. The peak tmperature
at 50 seconds was approximately 13% above the upper band experienced

I during previous flights,

There are two possible causes for this anomaly:

B The first possibility is that hot gas from the Gas Generator
(GG) may have leaked through the G8 drain port. Thts port
is plugged in flight and opened only during ground ope_tlons.
Leakage past the p]ug has occurred In the past during low
pressure ground checkout. The temperature senso_ is I_ in i

) 13-1
I

.'i *

the vicinity of the GG drain port and a leak of about 0.003 lb/sec
would propagate enough hot gas under the cocoon to cause such a
temperature rise. A leak of such small magnttude weuld tend to
be self-sealing due to the deposition of hydrocarbon solids from
the fuel-rich GG combustion gases. This could explain why the
temperature reading returned to the normal ]evel.

Q The second possibility is a temporary loss of cocoon insulation

integrity (possible loose combustion drain access cover) which later
corrected itself, allowing the instrument to return to the normal
temperature level. The temperature rise was coincident with the
normal rise in base heating rate which peaks at about 50 seconds as
shown in Figure 13-1. A loss of cocoon insulation integrity would
show up in a temperature rise. However, the loss of cocoon insula-
tion integrity would have to have been temporary because the tem-
perature rise did not recur when the base heating rate peaked the
second time at about 110 seconds (a non, a1 occurrence). Base
heating rates and temperatures do not show any unusual excursions
during SoIC flight, indicating normal gas flow in the base region.

Special attention will be given during prelaunch operations to inspection

of the GG plug and cocoon access covers.

13.3 S-II BASE HEATING

Figure 13-3 shows the AS-512 flight heat shield aft face tota] heat rate
history. The fltaht data fa|ls we]l within the data band of previous flights
except at Center Engine Cutoff (CECO) when the heating rates uere
equal to the prevtous]¥ recorded peak value of 3.2 Btu/ft2-s.

The AS-512 flight and the post-flight analytical value of the gas
recovery temperature probe indicated output are shown tn Figure 13-4.
The corresponding data band of the AS-503 through AS-511 flights ts
included for comparison.

Figure 13-5 shows the AS-512 flight and post-flight analytical values
of the radiometer indicated radiative heat flux to the heat shteld aft
surface. Also shown Is the post-flight analytical value of the actual
incident radiative heat flux at the same location. The discrepancy
between the radiometer indicated value and the !nctdent heat flux Is
due to the heating of the radiometer quartz window by convection and
long-wave plume radiation. Consequently, the radiometer sensor receives
additional heat from th_ quartz window by radiation and convection
across the atr gap between the wtndow and the sensor. Thts explains
the apparently slow radiometer response at engine start, CECO, Engine
Mixture Ratio (ENR) shift and at engine cut-off. Figure 13-5 shows
that the actual incident radiative heat flux prior to CECOts about
30% less than the radiometer indicated value. The post-flight ana-
}
lytical history of the radiometer output ts tn good agreement wtth
the flight radiometer output history.
" !

13-2
There were no structural temperature measurements on the base heat shleld
and only three thrust cone forward surface temperature measurements In
the entire base reglon. In order to evaluate the structural temperatures
experlenced on the aft surface of the heat shleld, a maximum post-fllght
predicted temperature was determined for the aft surface using maximum
i_ost-fllghtpredicted base heatlng rates for the AS-512 fllght. The
pn_dlcted maximum post-flight temperature was 794°K (_g°F) and c_
i
pares favorably with maxlmum post-fllght temperatures predicted for
previous f11ghts, and was well belom the maximum design temperatures
of I066°K (1460°F) for no engine out and 1116°K (1550°F) for one cont.1 1

engine out. The effectiveness of the heat sh|eld and flexlble curtains F

as a themal protection system was again demonstrated on this f11ght

as on previous flights by the relatlvely low temperatures recorded on
the thrust cone forward surface. The maximum measured temperature on
AS-512 by any of the three thrust cone forward surface temperature
measurements was 260°K (g°F), which also compares favorably with data
recorded on previous f11ghts. The measured temperatures were _11 be1_
design values.

13.4 VEHICLE AEROHEATING THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

Aerodynamic heating environments were not measured on the AS-512 S-IC

stage. Due to the similarity in the trajectory, the aerodynamic heating
environments are believed to be approximately the same as previous flight
environments. Because of the nighttime launch, ground opttcal data
from Helbourne Beach and Ponce de Leon cameras do not have sufficient
clartty to define the flow separation point on the S-IC stage, but ttts
expected that the data would be stMtlar to previous flights.

13.5 S-IC/S-II SEPARATION THERMAL ENVIRONMENT

Since the AS-S12 S-IC/S-II separation was nomal, the heat input to the
S-IC LOX tank dome is assumed to be near nominal.

There were no environmental measurements tn thts area on the fltght

vehtcle but nothing has been observedtn related flight data to indicate
anything other than a nomal envtrorment.

13-3
 _ f

8O

Ftgure 13-1. S-IC Base Regto. Total Heating Rate

160.
_7 :(CO _-5|2 FLIGHT DATA
_---" PI_VIOUS FLIGHT -3OO

I DATA 8AIIO

-2OO

i 80" /,,.j... -_ .

0 IIII

-0

-4O

lINE TI_.

Ftgure 13-2. S-IC kab|ent Gas T_per_ture Under Engtne Cocoon

13-4
 !

S-ll IGNITION _' EMRSHZF'I"

q_ INTERSTAGESEPN4ATION

q_7 S-I! CECO

PREVIOUSFLIGHT DATA

------- FLIGHT DATA

------ POST-FLIGHT ANALYSIS

-4
,.ram. ql m _

'- '" --!'_....

4 I
m
e_ m , -3
w$
|

3 i . , ,,,-: ,.iii,. 1
-z m

.. z vi
iJR -- ... " ,3

0 ... I . -0

-I i _ ..-1

7_ 7
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5O0 55O 600

RN,IGETIl'f.., $ECON_

Ftgure 13-3. S-II Heat Shteld Aft Heat Rate

13-5
13.-6
F

i-,

SECTION 14

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYST_

14.1 SU_4ARY

The S-IC stage forward compartment thermal environment was adequately

maintained although the temperature was lower than experienced du-lng
previous flights. The S-IC stage aft compartment environmental condi-
tioning system performed satisfactorily.

The S-II stage engine compartment conditioning system maintained the

ambient temperature and thrust cone surface temperatures within design
ranges throughout the launch countdown. No equil_aentcontainer tempera-
ture measurements were taken; however, since the external temperatures
were satisfactory and there were no problems with the equipment in the
containers, the thermal control system apparently performed adequately.

The IU stage Environmental Control System (ECS) exhibited satisfactory

performance for the duration of the IU mission. Coolant temperatures,
pressures, and flowrates were continuously maintained within the required
ranges and design limits. At 20,998 seconds the water valve logic was
purposely inhibited (with the valve closed). Subsequent te_erature in-
creases were as predicted for thls condition.

14.2 S-IC ENVIRONMENTALCONTROL

The S-IC forward compartment pre-launch temperature reached a minimum of

-g2.2°F (C0206-120) at liftoff. This temperature was lower by approxi-
mately II°F than experienced during previous flights but well above the
established minimum design criteria. These criteria, established by
analysis and test, permit a minimum temperature at liftoff of -llO°F
after an 8 minute S-II stage J-2 engine chtl|down or -170°F after a 13
minute chilldown at the C0206-120 transducer location.

Therefore, it was concluded that the critical components that are in the
compartment were well abeve their minimum qualification limits.

The aft compartment environmental conditioning system performed satis-

factorily during countdown. After the initiation of LOX loading, the
temperature in the vicinity of the battery (12K10) decreased to 65°F
which is within the battery qualification limits of 3S°F to 95°F. The
temperature increased to 78°F at llftoff.

14-1
 _j

"" F

Just prior to liftoff, the other aft compartment temperatvres ranged from
77°F at measurement C0203-I15 location to 86.goF at measurement C0205-I15
location. During flight, the lowes? temperature recorded was 63.5°F at
measurement C0203-115.

14.3 S-ll ENVIRONHENTAL CONTROL

The engine compartment conditioning system maintained the ambient tempera-

ture _nd thrust cone surface temperatures within design ranges throughout
the launch countdown. The system also maintained an inert atmosphere
within the compartment as evidenced by the absence of H2 or 02 indications
on the hazardous gas monitor.

No equipment container temperature measurements were taken. However,

since the ambient measurements external to the containers were satis-
factory and there were no problems with the equipment in the containers,
it is assumed that the thermal control system perform.edadequately.

14.4 IU ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

14.4.1 Thermal Conditioning System (TCS)

The IU TCS performance was satisfactory throughout the IU mission. The

temperature of the coolant as supplied to the IU thermal conditioning
panels, S-IVB TCS, and IU internally cooled components was continuously
maintained within the required limits of 45° to 68°F until approximately
23,500 seconds, as shown in Figure 14-1. The coolant temoerature
exceeded the monitored t._mperatureband (50° to 60°F) of measurement
C15-601 due to the planned inhibition (valve closed) of the water valve.
Sublimator performance during ascent is presented in Figure 14-2. The
water valve opened initially at approximately 180 seconds as commanded,
allowing water to flow to the subllmator. Slgnlficanz cooling by the
sublimator was evident at approximately 530 seconds at which time the
temperature of the coolant began to rapidly decrease. At the first
thermal switch sampling, {480 seconds) the coolant temperature was above
the thermal switch activation point; hence the w_ter valve remained open.
At the second thermal switch sampling (780 seconds), the coolant tempera-
ture was below the actuation point, and the water valve closed.

Sublimator cooling was nominal as evidenced by normal coolant temperature

(C15-601) cycling through approximately 21,000 seconds. Following water
valve closure at 19,080 seconds the water line pressure indication,
measurement D43-601, leveled off at about 1.4 psta rather than continu-
ously decreasing to zero as ts normally expected during the sublimator
drying out cycle. The indicated pressure remained at this level until
about 27,000 seconds, at which time the indicated pressure did begin a
gradual decrease to zero {Figure 14-I). This same general condition has
occurred on a number of previous missions and is due to either water"

14-2
 . •

+ .

_W

4. "3aNIV'd3d1431 :1. "lll_lVl13dit31 ttsd "3UI1$S3_ 8

I _,1 ! I1 I
[ ' i P/i I li I
p-
irJl! !

IN
-
II '
• _._i

iI
(II3SO
F'I- _!!,
03.LI$II! _uWA UA.WA I i

b } Q
S,,

8 ""
L_

_ ..)

]|

14-3
 0
°.

.,

O) .
I,.

._ °
°o
_p
IL

]4-4
,-- . . .. .p r . .......

freeze-up in the pressure pick up line, or icing at the pressure trans-

ducer resulting in the diaphragm of the transducer locking in a fixed
position. The latter condition is thought to be the case, though in
either event system performance is unaffected, and the true pressure in
the water supply line decays nominally.

At 20,998 seconds, the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) logic con-
trolling water valve operation was inhibited by ground command with the
valve closed. The purpose of this event was to eliminate sublimtor vent-
ing during the lunar impact course correction and tracking period between
APS-I and APS-2 burns. (It had been conjectured from previous mission
performance that water vapor venting from the sublimator contributed sig-
nificantly to unplanned velocity changes, causing degradation in lunar
impact accuracy.) The water valve remained closed and the sublimator
inoperative until the valve inhibition was removed by ground conmand at
41,553 seconds, after the FCC was shutdown. Within this period of no active
cooling, component and coolant fluid temperatures increased at rates within
the conservative predictions. When the valve opened the sublimator quickly
achieved a high level of heat rejection as evidenced by the rapid decrease
in component temperatures (Figure 14-3). Within twenty minutes after sub-
llmator restart coolant temperatures had returned to normal operating
ranges. The water valve, however, was allowed to remain in the open
position. All component temperatures remained within their expected
ranges for the duration of the IU mission except for the period of time
the water valve was commanded closed. The sublimator restarted in a timely
fashion, with a high level of heat dissipation as expected.

The TCS hydraulic performance was nominal as seen in Figure 14-4. The
TCS sphere pressure decay was nominal as shown by Figure 14-5 and there
was no evidence of any excess GN2 usage or leakage as was exDerienced on
AS-Sll.

14.4.2 Gas Bearing System Performance

The Gas Bearing System (GBS) performance was nominal throughout the IU
mission. Figure 14-6 shows ST-124 platform pressure differential (Dli-
603) and platform internal ambient pressure (D12-603).

The GBS GN2 supply sphere pressure decay was as expected for the nominal
casp as shown in Figure 14-7.
T

An attempt was made to evaluate the effects of residual IU venting during

the period between APS-I and APS-2 burns while the TCS water valve was
commanded closed (water sublimator eliminated as a source of S-IVB/IU
thrust). Platform GBS venting and the corresponding APS activity have
been analyzed with regard to trajectory perturbations. Details of this
analysis are presented in Section 17.3.

14-5

, I i i -- --I i
 '_TLI dP$-1
MATERVALVE CLOSED APS-2
k_ATERVALVE INHIBIT COM. MATERVALVE OPEN

,,, ST-iZ4H INERTIAL GieB.'_L LI,Jq-_all

mmlm_mmACCEL. S)GNAL CONO. (C62-603)
................. b'T-124M ELECTRONICB)X (C63-O03)
*****-*,*.** 2SO V A INVERTER (C67-603)
L
....... c_Rot co_Ea c-,-_), ,
i Ill

32! " " "..."; *" v"" _\ "-.. 120

• --'% ------ _7 .,..- ,

31! ,.,, .,'" ; .- ..--'i ,.,_ q_, k.

_ ..._ _.-'_'-.-,"_" ._-" IL -""_i

, I:::--!
q i
i i ] i

3S3
1 t --....... LmC MENORV
Lvoc LOGIC (CS3-(,_3) t
(CS4-603)-J,---
i i ............ L_TE_CCSS'_) )

I .... ,_i! [
t' 1 I _ ,

313

303;
f
¢/
.G
' "':" 'i .. -i_, I"?,.
._
)
im _m. met

J I

273
l
l i ) I 48
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44
RANG_ TIME, 1000 S_CONI)S

m I q_e 6:00:00
T_ 8:00:00 10:00:00 ? _12:00:00
"
_:_:00 2:00:_ 4:_:_
RNIGE TII_. NOUItS:MINUTES:SECONOS

Figure 14-3. Selected IU Component Temperatures

14-6

I .... • z .... II m'--|| _ . I-Np _ -+. +

 • cl8 ']LV_ MOIJ
0 0
0 0

/ ,
/I :l
! L "
1 'i
!
i
i
,
/ ).'" oo
! Y
i ' !

r "
,I

i , ,!
m

i ' t' ,
_LL |.
oo
oo
l !, i
LI,._
,° (D
O U
!
ee"

( '!
i 1:i U.Z
,P_
L

l o t

1)
.,.,J
I"
' i
! I

't N

I ;

s t
I ,

! ;
! i

#
r_
I '
I
oo
t'i'. , o
o
°.

.°

I
.

i;
I 8

.°
N
!
!

8
8
0 0 0

8
Z_/N "]_S]ad ._q/EM"_
3J.V_IMO'I_I

i
14-7 !

!-
|
 i

14-8
 2O

13.
18

12. I
m umm p..., o,._-+__,_
cm._) 16-
i "-l" I [ I ) _" _ - "
i

I0. --- +"'_0 _N t_tmm. _+mE.Tmssuet (m.6o3r

,I _.
l _- + 12
8.

F
7 10
0 4 8 12 t6 20 24 211 32 3t 40 U 48
RANG(TIM(. IOO0 _conos
II I I flu I I
2:00:00 4:00:C0 6:00:00 8:00:00 lO:OG:O0 12:00:00
UNG[ TTM[, IO,IIS:N]NUT[S:S£CON05

Figure 14-6. IV Inertial Platform GH2 Pressure

-- .m,+ _xmm cmm,_tm

,m+(
-- IPI,IGHT 0ATA 3Z00
..... _XIN,_I ALLCVAIIL[C011_MPTICII
PATE
....... •- l_([ImJ (x_i+b C0i+_.WTI011RAT[
2O
"-,,j+'..:.._ +-..,. l n • L i
I
* I I i I 2800

", "'N _'_

",,I'--._.._,_ -...,_
_14.
_ ", )%

i'_, ,%. _

I_o0

-q
t'.ql Illlllm i,... -
8Oo
., _1%.

_ll+_l "ee 1
I+• lb. e.O e
4OO
!%, m

III iii IIIi I ill

o
0 8 12 15 2O 24 28 32 3+ 40 44 48
IIA_G( T[I_. 1000 _C011K
i I
_:_:_ 2:(_0:00 *
4,:00:00 6:00:00 8:w:O0 i0:00:_0 12:00:00
UJlG[ T_M[. I*Olll$:M'mT[S:SII_IOS

Figure 14-'/. IO GBS GN2 Sphere Pressures

14-g/14-10
 6
I *

SECTION 15

DATA SYSTEMS

l 5.1 SUI_RY

All data systems performed satisfactorily throughout the flight. Fllght

measurements from onboard telr_:,etry
were 99.8 percent reliable.

Telemetry performance was normal except for noted problems. Radio Frequency
(RF) propagation was satisfactory, though the usual interference due to
flame effects and staging were experienced. Usable Very High Frequency
(VHF) data were received until 36,555 seconds (10:0g:15). The Secure Range
Safety Command Systems (SRSCS) on the S-IC, S-II, and S-IVB stages were
ready to perform their functions properly, on command, if flight conditions
during launch phase had required destruct. The system properly safed
the S-IVB destruct system on a command transmitted from Bermuda (BOA) at
723.1 seconds. The performance of the Command and Communications System
(CCS) was satisfactory from llftoff through lunar impact at 313,181 seconds
(86:5g:41). Madrid {MADX) and Goldstone (GDS) were receiving CCS signal
carrier at lunar impact. Good tracking data were received from the
C-Band radar, with BDA indicating final Loss of Signal {LOS) at 48,420
seconds (13:27:00).

In general, ground engineering camera coverage was good.

15.2 VEHICLE MEASUREMENT EVALUATION

The AS-512 launch vehicle had 1353 measurements scheduled for flight;
four measurements were waived prior to start of the automatic countdown
sequence leaving 1349 measurements active for flight. Three measure-
ments failed during flight, resulting in an overall measurement system
rellability of g9.8 percent.

A summary of measurement reliability is presented in Table 15-I for the

total vehicle and for each stage. The waived measurements, failed measure-
ments, partially failed measurements, and questionable measurements are
listed by stage in Tables 15-2 and 15-3. None of these listed failures
had any significant impact on postflight evaluation.

15.3 AIRBORNE VHF TELEMETRYSYSTEMSEVALUATION

Performance of the eight VHF telemetry links provided good data from
1I ftoff until the vehicle exceeded each subsystem's range limitations,
however, data dropouts occurred as indicated tn Table 15-4.

All inflight calibrations occurred as programmed and were within

specifications.

15-I
 Table 15-1. AS-512Heasurement
Summr¥

HEASUREHENT S-IC S-II S-IV6 INSTRUMENT TOTAL

CATEGORY STAGE STAGE SIAGE UNIT VEHICLE
i

Scheduled 292 552 274 235 1353

Halved 1 1 2 0 4

Fatled 0 1 2 0 3

Parttal 3 3 0 0 6
Failed

O_stlonable 0 0 0 0 0

Reliability, 100.0 99.9 99.3 100.0 99.8

Percent

Table 15-2. AS-512 Flight Measurements Waived Prier to Flight

m"

IqASt/IEIEIIT_ _ TITLE MTURE OF FAILURE J

I L u '

S-.IC STAGE

0119-103 Prus_t_, Otfferlmtlll, Tr_c_m" fd lure lit_ I-I-SIZ-1

FI_ GriM1 Sj_i

Mm|foid

S-l! STAll

0011-201 [I LOXP_F Olsclmrge MNsvrmmt excneded

tim zero shift spot4*
flcatloe rmlVi rammt.
Pr_rl_d _table
data during fllpt.

S-!_1 ST/El
u

Ti_Fnel Turbine Osta came m*s_le Vmtver S12-Vt-13

lnle_ fr_ off-scele I_
ill nendered q_'otlc-
ally.
i i ,

Prels-Cold Nelti Remote ketelt Jc lI1_ S12-1i-17

_l VII_ Inlet C411krotlon S_tll
(MCS) tdhd te
ulllnt4 and tlw
d_nfc _ _

15-2
 +e

,+ ,

Table IS-3. AS-512 Measurement Malfunctions

TIME OF
FAILU_ OUlMTIOll
TITLE MTlJI[ Of FAILUI[ N
(IWm_ SATISF/ClIMIY
rim[) oP[_txme

N[NIINU_ IrAILUR[S,S-If $TJ_(

0181-204 Thrsst Cam Surface Improper respoece 11S seconls Prter to 11S P_4_ble trlreslluc_
I_essere iN ernlttc sKoeds fatlvrt
.T

IqEASUIIDINT FAILUII£S, S-111 STJ_E

i"
C00R-401 Tmp-_NI zer Tvrbtne UnsltlsfKtory I 1,778 First _ d_t4 Pr_Ixbll _ ¢tr-
Inlet response to ms _od. Sec- cult in ellis"
t_pers_n_ ond burn aU sensor or lntor*
c_ees NS pod until cmmecUn9 cable
UllrOx. I1.7711
ser_mls.

t 11a_-401

COM-IOI
Speed-Fmll_p

Tellplrtllllre,
mlnl_ld
Tvrb|M
PMTIN.
b mponse
lye1
ogercUee

N£AS_I_[NT

ISeesvrm_t
oft scale ht_
PqVd
to llom

ikml

FAiLUI_S, S-I¢

831
ST_
First burn

103 seconds
1+4st iSk_1y cause
yes o_4m plCk vp
¢oli

Pr_4ble
fitlmre
trlmsdu¢l_'

C00_103 Tmperltofll, Tvrbtne xlsvrmmt pegged _ secmds 4Z seconds IN_Wbl t tnmslkce"

I
Rmt fen off scale htgk fJtlure

I 0047-|M PrsSll_, Nit (xcesslve noise mteSo 147 seconds Prol_le rile
Skleid OI ffllrentlul I0_N ummec_or p,'ilm
lOS SeceNs

i'_ITIAL IIJgltlNDIT FAIUII_o S-I! STii(

,i

mM-¢Ol Hat SMeld Fervlr4 163 seconds PreGablu trmsdvrler

Svrf_ce Pressure mm mtoly 163 fitlvre
secmdl

0011.._4 E4 L01 I_p 01scSlr2e Zer_ sMft of 42Sm Prtor to 4t2S ProWbl, tnmse_e,
W qqw_x. IS PSU_ seco_s fillm'_

[4 IOt lllllt Tim- Laqle Imttlm 4S0U Profile trlmduclr

no|sl ilcvrstml sm fltlm

Data degradation and dropouts were experienced at various times durtng

launch and earth orbit as on previous flights, due to the attenuation
of RF signals. Signal attenuation was caused by $-1C stage flame
effects, $-IC Center Engine Cutoff (C[CO) and retro-rocket effects at
$oIC/S-IZ separation. S-IC CECOresulted In |ntemtttent data loss from
140.65 to 142.80. The effects at S-IC/S-II separation lasted from
162.0 to 163.5 seconds. The S-II stage second plane separation effects
f-
were apparent between 195.0 and 195.2 seconds. The maximum attentuation
of the DP1 signal was approxtmetely 22 db at the Central |nst_umentatton
Facility (CIF) and is similar to that experienced on prior fltghts wtth
_r 8 S-IC retro-rockets.
_t

15-3
 I

r_

Table 15-4. AS-512 Launch Vehtcle Telemetry Ltnks

FREO_I_'I' _TION STAGE FLIGHT PERIO0

.sin (mz) (WUlIG[ TINE, S£C) PERFgflJMANCE
SUHIMRY

_-1 zs_.2 F_F_ S-lC 0 to 420.65 Satisfactory

_e.i z44.3 e ,vm s-lc 0 to 420.65 Data Dro_uts

Range Ttl (see) Ourlltton (sec)

140.6 Z.2

BF-I 241 .S FIq/Flq S-I! 0 to 73S Satisfactory

llF-2 234.0 Ir/_F)l S-I| 0 to 735 Data Dropouts

P-1 248.5 PQI/FIq S-If 0 to 735 Range Tim (see) Ouratton (sec)

162.0 ! .S

195.0 0.2

!CP-1 2M.5 PC_F)I S-IV8 0 to 13,900 Satlsflctory

Data Oropouts
RangeTt.e (see) D.r, ttoa (sec) J
163.0 2.6

Intern1 ttant Data

194.1 0.5

OF-1 2S0.7 FtVm IU 0 tO 36,55S Satisfactory

OP-1 245.3 POI/FH IU 0 to 36,5S5 Data Dropouts

OF-l| Z282.5 POVm lU 0 to 49,_20 Range Tim (see) Duration (sec)

(CCS)
163.o (op-l) !.1

15-4
 -J•w

The last VHF signal was 36,555 seconds (10:09:15) at Ascension Island
(ACN).
TI4 •

The performance of S-IVB and IU VHF telemetry systems was normal during
earth orbit, S-IVB second burn and final coast. A summary of available
VHF telemetry coverage showing Acquisition of Signal (AOS) and LOS for
each station is shown in Figure 15-1.

15.4 C-BAND RADAR SYSTEM EVALUATION

The C-Band radar performed satisfactorily during flight, although

several of the ground stations experienced problems with their equip-
ment which caused some loss of signal.

Phase front disturbances were reported at Kennedy Space Center (KSC)

between 123 and 137 seconds, Grand Turk Island (GTK) between 560 and
568 seconds, Grand Bahama Island (GBI) between 340 and 357 seconds, and
Patrick Air Force Base (PAFB) between 28 and 90 seconds. Phase front dis-
turbances occur when the pointing information is erroneous as a result of
sudden antenna nulls or distorted beacon returns.

Carnarvon (CRO) experienced signal fade and dropout near Point of Closest
Approach (PCA) during revolution l, due to the high elevation and attendant
high azimuth rates.

The BDA FPS-16 site experienced data losses during boost {552 to 642
seconds) and during the second revolution (3330 to 3366 seconds) because
the vehicle look angles during these passes were such that the FPQ-6
antenna obscured the FPS-16 antenna during these intervals.
!
During revolution 3, Merrltt Island Launch Area (MILA) reported the track-
ing angles wandering over a wide area before PCA although there was no
evidence of beacon malfunction and the beacon was tracked from horizon
IW'
to horizon. According to the Radar Operator Log, a cold front was passing
through the area at the time and the operator suspected that temperature
inversions were interfering with the tracking during that time. After PCA
the tracking proceeded in a normal fashion.

The BDA FPQ-6 reported weak signals and intermittent track during the
period between 41,760 seconds and final LOS (48,420 seconds) while the
vehicle was tumbling.

A summary of available C-Band radar coverage showing AOS and LOS for
each station is shown in Figure 15-2.

15.5 SECURE RANGE SAFETY COMMAND SYSTEI_SEVALUATION

Telemetered data indicated that the command antennas, receivers/decoders,

Exploding Bridge Wire (EBW) networks, and destruct controllers on each
powered stage functioned properly during flight. They were in the
required state-of-readiness if flight conditions during the launch had
required vehicle destruct. Since no arm/cutoff or destruct commands

,_ 15-5
 - °

PNIKING QRIIIT INSiPtTlOll _S-lVll SECOIIUIGJIITIOtl

a_l,, asm, n._,i_s _;' tltlUlSLUlt411 In_.CT loll
tt

_mt

1 :! _
0 SOB 1000 )OGO 35n0 4SO0 SO00

II_ titlE, _COIl_

• V t: : + t ;l
0 00:30:00 O1:00:00
TIN[, IcCtllS:HI RUT(S: S[C_IOS

Rim

ii i i • i

TIPE. SFXCIIOS

& I
OI: 310:00 02:00:00

itNg_ TIN(, NOUIS_ltlUITS:S(C0flOS

li

I w
II,NO II._lO

TitlE, NOqIS:PlIIIt/IT$: S[CIDIII

l
IZ.O00
wm TUt.

1_." ]O._l O_:O0: O0 IS :O0:eo

IMIIG[ Till[. Iq011RS.-PlIIIUIl[S:S[C0110S

t

Ftgure 15-1. YHF Telemetry Acquisition end Loss T_mes

15-6
 'e

.+-

?
PAIII[II& NIT INSERTION '_PS-IVl + IGNITION
BEGIN $-11111 RESTART PREPARATIONS qmw_ s_tc'rlm
_ _°
t_

i'_mAIT/Fl_-5

_ CaO,'FPQ-6

•_Z ,
soo +o_o 1500 3000 3500
|

4OOO
TIHE. Si[C0110S

k. Y
0 00:30:00 01:00:00
IL4NG(TII_. HOUI_:fllNUT(S:S(COlIOS

;t

iUtO/n'Q-6

| , , 't} , , ,
5OOO SSOO 6OO0 6S00 IS00 1000
P,NISE TINE. 5EClmK
.+
01:30:00 02:30:00

NAME TIE. HOINIS:IgNUIlTS:SI(C01_

"IL
I! 3'.
i mx_te

I, ,

.' , _t_' , ,, , _,P , I

11.000 11 .SO0 12,000 34,500 3S,000 40.000 44,S00
iNIGE Till(. _CONOS

Y .. ,?: ,, I

03:30:00 13:30:00

IWIG[ TIE,_ HOUIIS:NIIIRS:S[COIOS

Figure 15-2. C-Band Acquisition an4 Loss T_aes

15-7
 • 4 .

were required, all data except receiver signal strength remained

unchanged during the flight. Power to the S-IVB stage range safety
command systems was cutoff at 723.1 seconds by ground command, thereby
deactivating (safing) the systems.

15.6 COMMAND AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM EVALUATION

15.6.1 Summary of Perfomance

The performance of the command section of the CCS was satisfactory. No

flight equipment malfunctions occurred during the flight. The phase
lock periods from liftoff to Translunar Injection (TLI) for the downlink
carrier are shown in Figure 15-3. Ground station coverage times from TLI
through lunar impact are shown in Figure 15-4.
+ • . . ...... !.....

i Nineteen commands were initiated by Mission Control Center-Houston (MCC-H)

i and a total of 182 words were transmitted. Two words were not received by
the onboard system because the upltnk signal level was below the command
!
threshold. These words were retransmitted and accepted. One commandwas
retransmitted when a telemetry dropout precluded verification of acceptance
by the transmitting ground station. These problems resulted from signal
strength fluctuations (uplink and downlink) occurring during the solar
heating maneuver. A list of commandsinitiated by MCC-H and the number
of words transmitted for each commandts shown in Table 15-5.

15.6.2 Performance Analysis

The first of the three commands required to accompllsh the solar heating
maneuver was transmitted unsuccessfully at 22,659 seconds (6:17:39) and
caused the vehicle attitude to begin moving about the pitch axis. The
changing vehicle attitude resulted in uplink and downlink signal strength
fluctuations from Z2,665 seconds (6:17:45) to 22,860 seconds (6:23:00).
As a result of uplink signal strength fluctuations, the mode word of
the solar heating command initiated at 22,667 seconds (6:17:47) was
not received onboard. The uplink received signal strength was down to
-117 dbm and the 70 KHz subcarrier lost lock for 0.3 second at the time
of word transmission. The modF ,_ordwas retransmltted and accepted.

The solar heating commandinitiated at 22,677 seconds (6:17:57) was accepted

onboard on the first transmission e-:ept for the third d_ta word which
was accepted on the first retransmission. At the time this word was
first transmitted, the onboard receiver signal strength had dropped to
approximately 5 to 7 db belot: commandthreshold. The commandthreshold
measured at KSC was from -103 to -106 dbm. The momentary low signal
strength levels are attributed to antenna nulls.

Single word dumps were initiated at 22,749 seconds (6:19:09). Sixteen

words were accepted by the vehicle. At the time the sixteenth word
was transmitted, the grounC station lost telemetry lock for 0.25
second and therefore did not detect the Address Verification Pulse (AVP)
and Computer Release Pulse (CliP) from the vehicle. Therefore, the

15-8
/.

_tll- , ,
PA_IN miT :_SEnlOm
II(G|II S-|m NESTAIITPR(PAMTIOIS
TUNSL_IIIAJI |Ik_CT_011
_|o_

_ t,JIO

wwm
J 11
r_ |
IO00 1500 Z_O 300O 3SO0
|
4OOO 4S00 0o0

TILE. S(C,OlIOS

| v ;Z I
00:30:00 01:00:00
_ 0
IWmE TIME, IIOURS:NIIIUTES:S(COdOS

_eos n_

¢.

mmCJI0

ILII

|
s_o IO00 11000 M.O00 II.m IZ.O00
T_.

q_ V
I
O!:30:00 , ,
i_ T]I_ a NOUtS:nllnl_fs:_c_s

Ftgure 15-3. CCS Ommltnk Phase Lock Ttmes (Llftoff to TLI, _

1S-9
 ; ll_Klqln IIUICT !011
I.IlUl Im_T
t t

HSI_
in _u m

III NJOT IL I
mo

mvm

...... B .... ll,_lm _44.4go ILzoooo

TIN[, S_CI]_S

W I i , I I ,I I I I I
t:m:O0 1O:O0:00 tS:00:O0 20:00:00 ZS:00:00 30:O0:f10 .,'S:00:00 m:fto:oO 4S:0O:00

t_ TII_, HOURS:MIIqlI_S:SECOI_S

mm

I III I .s_ I II I.S_

I I mm I

lill_ IIE,OW Z_,OW ISZ.O00 170,000 al,_O _,llm 324,_

4l TW lm_ :W SS:W.08 t0:00:aO tS:0_:G0 _. :00 7S:00:00 ee:N:eo II$:ee:e8 !)o:ot,lo

TilE, w_IIS._ff_Rf3:S_I_S

Figure 15-4. CCS Coverage (TL! to Lunar Zmpact}

15-10
 °:

..... C_- - L_
= o,,
:Z:

!
"E
|
-ii
i
4J 4,0 I01

_=
I'-

IS-li
ground station retransmitted the word 8 times. After each retransmisston
the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) sent down an error message
stating that the word received was out of sequence since it was expecting
the seventeenth word. A terminate, commandwas transmitted at 22,818 seconds
(6:20:18) to clear the onboard commandcircuitry and at the complete single
word dump commandwas successfully retransmttted at 22,828 seconds (6:20:28).

15.7 GROUNDENGINEERINGCAHERAS

In general, ground camera coverage was good. Thirty-three items were

received from KSC and evaluated. One item did not provide coverage
of the entire event due to a film Jam, and one did not have timing.
The vehicle vertical motion data is not reducib|e due to timing loss.

The night launch had no effect on the camera coverage during pre]aunch
operations and during ]tftoff. Although, as expected, the tracking
coverage was not nearly as clear as experienced during daylight launches.

i L

15-12
 SECTION 16

MASS CHARACTERISTICS

16.I SUPg_ARY

Total vehicle mass, determined from post-flight analysis, was within 0.68
................
percent ofpredicted from ground ignition through S-IVB stage final shut-
down. This small variation indicates that hardware weights, propellant
loads, and propellant utilization were close to predicted values during
flight.

16.2 MASS EVALUATION

Post-flight mass characteristics are compared with final predicted mass

characteristics (MSFC Memorandum S&E-ASTN-SAE-72-87) and the operational
trajectory (MSFC Memorandum S&E-AERO-MFT-200-72).

-The)ost-fT1ght mass characteristics were determined from an analysis of

all available actual and reconstructed data from S-IC ignition through
S-IVB second burn cutoff. Dry weights of the launch vehicle are based on
actual stage weighings and evaluation of the weight and balance log books
(MSFC Form gg8). Propellant loading and utilization was evaluated from
propulsion system performance reconstructions. Spacecraft data were
obtained from the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC).

Dry weights of the inert stages and the leaded spacecraft were all
within 0.9 percent of predicted, which was well within acceptable
limits.

During S-IC burn phase, the total vehicle mass was less than predicted by
470 kilograms (I036 Ibm) (0.02 percent) at ignition, and less than pre-
dicted by Z878 kilograms (6344 Ibm) (0.34 percent) at S-IC/S-II
separation. This difference ts the net of a larger than predicted LOX
loading, and a less than predicted upper stage mass, S-IC fuel loading,
and residuals on board at separation. S-IC burn phase total vehicle mass
ts shown tn Tables 16-1 and 16-2.

During S-II burn phase, the total vehtcle mass was less than predicted by
740 kilograms (1630 lbm) (O.l] percent) at ignition, and greater than
predicted by 47 kilograms (103 Ibm) (0.02 percent) at S-II/S-IVB separa-
tion. This deviation is the result of a lower than predicted S-II LOX
load and a higher than predicted upper stage mass. Total vehicle mass
for the S-II burn phase is shown in Tables 16-3 and 16-4.

!
16-1 _J
 a

Total vehicle mass during both S-IVB burn phases, as shown in Tables 16-5
through 16-8, was within 0.68 percent of the predicted values. A dif-
ference of 57 kilograms (125 Ibm) (0.03 oercent) greater than predicted
at first burn ignition was due to S-IVB dry weight, LOX and APS loading.
The mass at completion of first burn was 956 kilograms (2108 Ibm) (0.68
percent) higher than predicted and was due primarily to the hioher than
........
predicted velocity at S-II stage c_toff. The high velocity at S-II
cutoff resulted in a shorter than predicted burntime of the S-IVB stage
to reach the desired trajectory end conditions and consequently more
propellants were onboard at this time than predicted. A longer than
predicted S-IVB second burn was required because of the mass of the
..........extra propellants onboard. Even with the longer burn, the residual pro-
pellants were 226 kilograms (498 Ibm) (0.35 percent) more than predicted
but well within typical dispersions.

A summary of mass utilization and loss, both actual and predicted, from
S-IC stage ignition through spacecraft separation is presented in Table
16-9.--A comparison of actual and predicted mass, center of gravity, and
moment of inertia is shown in Table 16-I0.

16-2

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 Table 16-9. F11ght Sequence Mass SunTary
P_EOICT_D ACTUAL
_SS _!STO_Y _G L_ _ _G _

$-|C ST:3_ T_T&_ .............. 2245_Z0. SOjd463. 22a_679. SGJ_6_.

S-_C/S-;: _St TOTAL k_)l* 99¢0. k_. 997_.
S-X| $T_EI T_TAL 493318. 1087593o _2_7, _0_90_.
S-[|/$-Z;_ :$, T3TAL J637, 8019, _7, 8U19.
S-Iv8 STa3[* 7CT_L 120627, 26_93S. 1_069_, 266087,
|NSTR_':[',T U',IT 20_6, _S_1, 2027, 4_70,
S_;CECR_;T, T3T&_ ................... 52759, 11631_, _2735. 116269,

|S_ FLT ST3 AT |_% 2962329. 6S338A3, 2961859° 68ZgTSk,

_ST FLT ST3 AT ,_Aq 2923460° 6_G_28° Zgl?dk3, 6_327_b.

_ROST -29_, -680, -Zg_, -6_0,
qA_;,_:3_ -2078975° --_§8335_. -2076_17. -_$76a36.
_2 P_[ 3_$ ............. 16, -37° -16, -37,
T_R_ST 3[C*v-|_ -9S3. -2101. -997. -Z190.

S-ll !'.S_ =_g_ -17, -38, -17* -38,

S-_;_ r;:St --90* --200* --90* -ZO_*

T_R'J_T _C_v-_ O* O* O* O°

157 FLT _73 AT _CO 8_2718- 18_7876. _'.OG|6, 18_1919°

THRUST _C_-g[ -38120 -e_GS. 03988° -8793.
5-1C/$-;; _ q_T O, O, 0, O°

_$7 F_T $TG AT _*[ o 83890_, 1849470, 836027, _843_26,

$TG AT S[_AT|_% -162298, -3S7806. -160159, -353091,
S-|C/S-!| $_A_ |S -616, -1359, -616, -13_°
S-IC/S-|; _._ R(T O* O, O, O,

2_D _T $TG AT SSC 675991. 1_903G6, 67528_° _k8867_.

_uEL L£;3 O* 3, O* 0,
$-;CIS-;; _ RKT O* O* O* U*

2_O F_T ST3 _T IG_ 67_991, 1490305. 675251, 1_8867_°

START 7;%( --''**° "28* --11, --2_*

S-|CIS';; _ R_T G* O* O° O*

2NO F_T $T3 AT _S 675396, 1_8899§, 67_657, 1487366,

_A|_$TA_ --_053;. -99318_, -_49797. -99_633,
_ES -_1S$* -9167, -_129, -910k,
S-|C/S'_: .AqGE 1$ -39_- -8631* -3908, -8616,
TD & [%3 _3P -$3* -118, -_k, -97,

2ND F_T $_3 _T COS Z16768* k77893. 21677_, 47791_.

T_RU$T 2_:_Y -1_* -320. -108. -Z)U.
$-1v5 **_v q_T PROP --2- -S* "Z* "_*

L.
2_D FLT $-3 AT SEP 216$2_, k77868, Z16668, 477671,
STG AT $_=A_A7|O_ -_1802* -92158, -k1791, -q_138,
$-||/S-:,_ |$ ORY -3186° -69_9, -31_4, -695_,
$-[[/S-;,_ PROP -"_80- -1060o -_82, -1J6_,
$-|VS _" FqA_[ -21, -_8, Z), -_8,
S-|v8 ;.L q_T PRO_ --Z* --3, --1, -3-
S-lVB _£_ P<G -I, -3, - -;, -3,

3RD FLT ST3 AT $SC 171157, 377337° 17121_° 377_63,

?
 ,0 ,,
• # •

Table 16-9. Flight Sequence Mass Summary (Continued)

PRE_ICTEJ ACTuA.
MASS HISTORY K3 LSv

3RD FLT STG 1ST SSC 1711_7, 37/337. 1T_2_, 37T-_3.

ULLAGE ROCKET _qCP -39, -_$, -bgo -_:.
FUEL LEAD -0, -1, "1- -3o

3RD FLT STG IST [G_ 17111_, 3772_4, Z7_;73, _T73_Z,

ULLAGE RCCKET P;OP -9, -22, -9. -_,
START TA%_
THRUST 8U|_0_ _ -_63, -361, -Z60, -35-.

3RD FLT STG 1ST vS 1709_1, 376_60, |?103J, 376_9Z,

ULLAGE RDC<ET CASE -61, -- .'135° - -61. -_3S.
_AI_STAg5 -30901. -6_127• -300_6. -b6L_2.
APS -1, -_, -3• -7,

3RD FLT ST_ 1ST COS 139976, 3_E57_. _0_33. 31069:.

T_uST DECAY -3Be -Sk, -)6. -3_.

3RD FLT STG 1ST ETO 139937. 304513, _0_93, 3_36;=,

E_GI_E PRO: ...... 18, ..... _0° -18, -_:°
FUEL TA_K L_SS -_0_5, -2339. -13_1, -Z297.
LOX TA_K LOSS
APS -_7, -10_, -b3, -1_,
START TA_K -0, -2o -0, -2,
-7, -16, -7, -i_*

3_O FLT STG 2_3 SSC _38_21 - _3&029° - 139761° 3_8_Z.

FUEL LEAD "11, -_, -11, "Z_,

3RD FLT STG 2_0 IG_ 138801, 3060_S. L39750° 36_97.

START TA_K
TNRuST BUILDUP -161_ -356, -19_, -_3_-

3D FLT STG 2_D _S 13863_° 33_6_g, 13_k9, 307b_,

MA|NSTAGE --73161° -161293_ -73B28° -16ZTb_.
APS

3RD FLT STG 2";0 COS

TPRUST DECAY -36, -T90 "_2° -5-0

3RD FLT STG 2_O ETD 6§_38e 1_2o7, b566_, _76:,

JETTISG_ SLA -1170, -Z5_i, -1L70, -Z_;*
CSV -30367* --669_9. -333b_° -b69_2,
S-;v8 STAGE LOSS ")38* --7kS, -Jlk. --6_3,

STRT TRANS/DOC¢ 33_62. 73992, 3381_. 7_S_,

CSM 30367. 669_9, 303_ko 66g_2,

END TRANSI_0¢¢ 63929. 140941, 64179, 1ki_9;,

CSM -30367, -669_9, -3036k0 "06gk2.
L_ -16436e -36237, -164_4, -_6Z,
S-Iv8 STAGE LO_S -29_, -6S20 -272• -b=_,

bAU VEH AT S/C SEP 16829, 37132, 1T09_° 37bE:°

S/C NoT SEPARAT(D -62S, --13800 -62_- -;3E.o
iU -20_6e -_511, -2027° -_?_,

S-IV8 STAGE -14157. -31211° -I_1° -3|_37.

#-- _ .
4

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16-12

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16-16
1
 SECTION .I7

LUNAR I_T .......

17.1 SUMMARY

The Apollo 17 S-IVB/IU lunar impactmission objectives were tolmpact the

stage within 350 km of the target, determine the impact time withln l
second, and determine the impact point within 5 km. The first t_m objec-
tives have been met. Further analysis is required to satisfy the third
objective. Based on analysis to date, the S-IVB/IU impacted the moon
December lO, 1972, 20:32:40.99 UT (313,180.99 seconds after range zero)
at 4.33 degrees south latitude and 12.37 degrees west longitude. This
location is 155 km (84 n miles) from the target of 7 degrees south lati-
tude and 8 degrees west longitude.

The velocity of the S-IVB/IU at impact relative to the lunar surface was
2,544 m/s (8,346 ft/s). The incoming heading angle was83.0degrees west
of north and the angle relative to the local vertical was 35.O.degrees.
The total mass impacting the moon was approximately 33,933 kg (approxi-
mately 30,712 Ibm).

Real-time targeting activities modified the planned flr_tAuxllia_

Propulsion System (@d)S)lunar impact bum attitude to reduce the burn
duration. A second /LoSburn was performed to complete vehicle targeting.

17.2 TRANSLUNARCOAST MANEUVERS

Following Command and Service Module (CSM)ILaunch Vehicle (LV) separation

at 13,348 seconds (3:42:28); the CSMwas docked with the Lunar Module
(LM) at 14,231 seconds (3:57:11). The C_/LM was then ejected from the
S-IVB/IU at 17,102 seconds (4:45:02). After CSH/LM ejection, the S-IVB/
IU was maneuvered to the inertially-flxed attitude required for the
APS evasive burn. Ttmebase 8 was Initiated as planned at |8,180 seconds
(5:03:00). The APS ullage engines were ignited 1 second later and burned
for 80 seconds. Table 17-1 shows that the actual evastve velocity change
was close to nominal.

Following the maneuver to the Continuous Vent System (CVS) and LOX dump
attitude, the initial lunar targeting velocity changes were accomplished
by a 300-second CVS vent startl_ 1,O00 seconds after T8 and a 48-second
LOX dump starting 1,280 second; after T8. Table 17-1 shows that the CVS
vent and LOX dump were near nominal.

The Lunar Impact Team (LIT) at the Huntsville Operation Support Center
(HOSC) decided tn real-time to shorten the first APS lunar impact burn 'i
(APS-1) duration by selecting a more efficient attitude. This change

17-1
 Table 17-1. Translunar Coast Maneuvers

,..,.tIEr ACTU&L I .0mHL [ ACT-|O.

' " Tl"t_,st , im,,TlO,
UT 1tam 7 Dot.. ht:nll._se¢ 10:30:00 I0:35:00 0

Iluvo TQIe, hr:mln:5e¢ S:03:00 S:03:00 0

(,UC) (18,18eJ (;o.;eo) (o1

[VASIV[ |gin

InlEt*tie*. $ec from T0 I I 0

OurOt|on. SUC 0

Velocity Increment, ml$ 2.90 3.01 4.11

(rt/$) (o.$11 • {o.oe) (-o.37)

*itCh Attitude*. dev. luertlel -101.9S *104.9| 2.to

Yew kttltvde*, dog. |nettle| -3|.4Z -40.00 I,Z$

¢VS VENT
i, i

|ulUlation. se¢ from T0

! .004 l.HO 0

hrltlon. SOt 300 340 I

Velocity Increment, mls 0.49 0.40 o,,os

( f t/$ ) (I.J_) (;.JH (e.]o)

Pitch Attitude*. ,of. IRePtlel -00.65 --IS.IV+ • *_70

Yev Attitude** dig. IflertJe| .17.07 -11.01 O.TS

LOX 0U_9
i ,

|u|tlJtien. se¢ free T0 I.ZlIO I.III0 0

0mr|item, $e¢ 41 10 0

9.10 l.ll -I.ll

1z0.40) 130.11) (-0.30)

Pitch Attttede*. dig, Ilertlll -04.01 *Jl.|S 2.14

Y_ Attltodi*. des. Inertial -14.40 -11.0_
APS F|'0ST tgllAII ! lIP&¢T 0lll

|lllttetieo o sic from T0 0.020 4,010 I

IMrlt100. lee 01 o0 e

¥11lClty l*creaeet, Ill 4.07 4.01 e.0S

(It/s) 113.30) 10.16)

Pitch Attitude** dig. |nettle1 -41.71 -4$.7S 2.04

V_ Attltedon. des. Inertial -_qD. 14 -II.01 |.41

APS SlCmlO LMBMi INPACT 8gtn

Initiation, soc fm T0 11,$10 21.300 I

Ourttlooo lee 101 |II 0

4./t 4.N -O.01

(14.07) (14.11) (0.04)

Pitch Attttudi** dq, lJlll"tlel iTS.Z! l;s.le l.ll

VlV Attltldi** 41111. IMrttll 4.11 -10.40 1.77

*Attltedis ere tie vele¢lty t,crmeat dlro¢ttN.

li0?[: k81MII preflight lit*dieted im¢epl tbet tile ImtNIs

for beth L_ leer leq)e¢t iotas men deteralaed bit obe LIT
I, rHI-ttQe.
i

!
17-2
 conserved propellant for a second APS lunar targeting burn• The commands
for this maneuver were sent from the Mission Control CQ_ter at Houston
(_C-H) by the Booster Systems Engineer (BSE) to the S-IVB/IIJ. The actual
APS-I occurred as planned 4,020 seconds after TB and was close to the
(real-time) nominal. The nominal values for APS-lshow, in Figure 17-I
were selected in real-time and differ from the preflight nominals of 190
seconds burn time, 8.13 m/s (26.67 ft/s) velocity change, -lO1.7S degrees
inertial pitch, and -18.55 degrees inertial yaw.

Following the APS-I burn, an attitude maneuver was accomplished to prevent

excessive solar heating of the IU while the Thermal Control System (TCS)
water valve operation was Inhlblted. Although the IU's thermal control
system water valve was closed prior to APS-1 to minimize non-gravitatlonal
L
perturbations, MCC-H reported difficulty in the post APS-I orbit determi-
nation due to venting disturbances. Therefore, the planned contingency
delay of l hour for targeting the second APS impact burn(APS-2) was
incorporated.

Upon completion of the post APS-I orbit detemination, MCC-H reported the
S-IVB/IU would impact the moon at g.64 degrees south latitude and 15.2g
) degrees east longitude, 678 +300 km from the target. The liT d_Ided._In
APS-2 burn was required and 3elected the nominal conditions shownin Table
17-1. At 22,320 seconds after T8, the APS-2 maneuver was performed.
The actual maneuver as shown in Table 17-1 was close to nominal. After
APS-2, the three-axis passive thermal control (PTC) maneuver was initiated
at 41,503 seconds (II:31:43) range time and the flight control computer
was turned off.

Figure 17-1 presents line-of-sight range rate residuals from the Ascension
Unified S-Band (USB) tracking station and depicts graphically the major
S-IVB/IU velocity changes and the PTC tumbling. Residuals are obtained
by differencing observed range-rate data with calculated range-rate data
{observed minus calculated). The calculated range-rate data are developed
from a sophisticated orbital model which is statistically fitted to
portions of the observed data. Figure I7-Z verifies the reconstruction
of the maneuvers presented In Table 17-I by showing the residuals re-
suiting from the same Ascension tracking data but with the reconstructed
maneuvers modeled. However, the low-level perturbations occurring
during this time period ano discussed In Section 17.3 are not included
in the preliminary model shown in Figure 17-2.

17.3 TRAJECTORYPERTURBATIONS

17.3.1 Introduction

Postflight analyses on recent Apollo/Saturn missions have-show, small non-

ravttattonal acceleraton effects in the S-1VB/IU translunar tr_iectory.
uch accelerations have been expected stncebothS-IVB and the IU stage
system vent during normal operation. These small vehicle accelerations
were of no concern until AS-508 when Lunar impact became a mission objective. _J
Since the accuracy of the S-IVB/IU's tracking data allows the determination •)

17-3
 S.C
AP$ [VAS[ V[ i ' i
.cvs vEnT I I
//.LOX 0_, I I
,........-.e//I,". o_, I .! .......
i

_/APS°I I I

w_ -S.0 • . I PTC
de

'1C
de

W -10.0
de

de

-lS.¢ ACN3
32:00 34:0U 36:00 38:00 " 40 : 00 -- 1 " _ i 0"0 .......

TIME FROM OO:OO:00 GNT-6 DEC.. 1972*NNS:NINS

| I • I I
3:00 l:OO 7:00 g*OO I1 :OO

RANGE T|NE*NRS:IqIRS

F_gure 17-1. Translunar Coast Maneuvers Overview

300
E
E

..f APS EVASIVE LOX DUMP APS*2

100
0

/ v
u4
e,e
APS-1
W
-100
l-- CVS VENT He DUMP tV
I
ne

PTC
Z ACN3
_e
-300
32:00 34:00 36:00 38:00 40:00 42:00
TIME FROM 00:00:00 GMT-6 DEC., 1972-HRS:MINS
i
I I I I I
3:00 5:00 7:00 9:00 11:00

RANGE TIME - HRS:MINS

Figure 17-2. Modeled Translunar Coast Maneuvers

--.

17-4
 3"

of these accelerations, attempts have been made to improve lunar impact

targeting operations and Impact location determinations. Also, attempts
to identify the causes of these trajectory perturbations have been made.
The identified causes, although incomplete, are reported,hereinslnce
this is the last flight with a lunar impact objective.

17.3.2 Trajectory Effects

AS-508 range rate tracking data showed a shift at.?O,150 $ec (19:29:10)
that was interpreted as a veloclty decrease of 2 to 3 m/s during a 60 .....
_L second period. The velocity change, fortunately, moved the predicted
lunar impact point approximately 5 degrees in latitude or 150 km closer
to the target.

AS-509 used a Passive Thermal Control (PTC) maneuver to average solar

heating rates and translational velocity changes due to non-gravitational
forces acting on the vehicle. The PTC maneuver was initiated by ground
commandand established vehicle pttch and yaw rates of 0.3 deg/s. The
Flight Control Computer was then inhibited leavtng the S-IVB/IU in a
"Barbecue" or tumble mode untll lunar impact.

No translational velocity perturbations following PTC were identified

on this flight.

AS-510 range rate residuals give evidence of a significant velocity

change following LOX dump. In addition, the data shows that velocity

f changes due to non-gravitational

The velocity
forces occcurred in six steps between
25,200 and 36,001 seconds (period between APS-1 and APS-2 burns).

steps also caused difficulty

The
changes slowed the S-IVB/IU and perturbed the lunar impact point to the east.
in obtaining an accurate state
vector on which to base the APS-2 bucn. Following the APS-2 burn and "roll-
only" PTC maneuvers, a small unbalanced force perturbed the early period
of the post APS-2 trajectory. This perturbation increased the veloclty
of the S-IVB/IU and perturbed the lunar impact trajectory to the west.
The vehlcle tumble frequency.lncreased about 50% followlng APS-2 until
lunar impact (approximately 6g.5 hours). The co¢_lexity of the
angular motion also Increased.

AS-511 dld not perform an APS-2burn because of suspected early deple-

tlon of the APS Hellum supply. Therefore, a 3-axls PTC maneuver was
performed at 21,306 sec (approxlmately 6 hours) and the FCC was turned
off. The PTC tumble rate started at approxlmately 5.2 cycles per hour
(cph) and increased 100% in approxlmately I0 hours. During the next 10
hours the tumble rate gradually decreased by 10%.

AS-512 postflight analysts has shownthat non-gravitational accelerations

were acting over part of the tra,lectory from translunar injection
(TLI) to impact. From TLI to PTC initiation these perturbations
produced accelerations on the order of 0.1 mm/s2. After the PTC three-
axis tumble was initiated, trajectory perturbing accelerations on the

;_ 17-5
 order of 0.04 mm/s2 continued to act for at least 18 hours. Figure 17-3
shows range-rate residuals produced by fitting a gravity only trajectory
to the last 46 hours of tracking data. The deviations._n residuals at
the beginning of this time span indicate that non-gravitational accelera-
tions acted on the S-IVB/IU.

The residuals in Figure 17-4 show the results of incorporating a prelimi-

nary model of a small constant non-gravitational acceleration acting ........
after APS-2. The improvement in the residuals confirms the presence
of perturbing influences acting on the vehicle. The observation of
the effects of perturbing influences confirm real-tlme reports from
MCC-H. The actual magnitude, direction, and duration of these perturb-
ing accelerations have not been determined.

17.3.3 Perturbing Mechanisms

The velocity change observed on AS-508 at 70,150 sec correlates with loss
of attitude control inputs to the APS system and resulting unplanned APS
firing in pitch, yaw, and ro11. This loss of attitude contro1-resul_ed .....
from the 6DIO battery, which supplies power to the Launch Vehi:le Dig-
ital Computer (LVDC), depleting at 68,948 seconds. It is quite possible
that.the full-on yaw/roll APS control engines provided the translational
velocity change seen in the trajectory data. Therefore, all subsequent
flights were planned to incorporate (l) a passive thermal control(PTC)
maneuver after the APS-2 lunar impact burn in an effort to average out
thrust disturbances and (2) turn off the Flight Control Computer (FCC)
after PTC to eliminate unplanned APS activities.

The PTC maneuver was performed on AS-509 as planned and the FCC turned
off. The high tumble rate resulting from the PTC maneuver modulated the
range rate tracking data and caused difficulty in determining the lunar
impact point. No trajectory perturbations following the PTC maneuver
were identified on this flight.

On the AS-510 fltght a velocity change following LOX dump correlates

) with the inadvertent ambient heltum dump through the J-2 engine. The
velocity steps that occurred on AS-510 between APS-1 and APS-2 burns corre-
late with the tin_s of the IU TCS sublimator cycling and the subsequent
APS reaction firings to maintain the vehicle attitude. In addition to
shifting the projected lunar impact point, these velocity steps caused
difficulty in obtaining an accurate state vector on which to base the
APS-2 burn. Followino the AP$-2 burn at 36,001 seconds the S-IVB/IU
stage performed a "roll-only" PTC maneuver and the FCC was turned off.
Since the IU TCS sublimator continues operation for several thousand
seconos after APS-2 it probably accounts in part for the mall non-gravi-
tational force that perturbed the early portion of the post APS-2

I trajectory. Also, the venting of the IU's gas bearing system for several
thousand seconds after APS-2may account for part of the perturbing

17-6
 t

S0+O

N
i0(
,° ..+.
II

°--__
E
--I00 _ ' . ...............
,r +

+ --30_ _TC3, CNJ, GJM3

40:00 SO:00 i0:00 70:00 IO:00 tO:00 100:00 110:00 lZ0:00

Iln! Fm0n 00:00:00 GNT, 6 DEC., 1972-HRS:Nl|S

i i

20:00 $O:00 40:00 SO:00 J0:O0 70:00 IO:OO 9O_ON +

T_II, NOUIS:IIlII/TI_: SECOES

Ftgure 17-3. Gravity-Only Lunar Impact Trajectory Residuals

U5

-+,oo ,-
._<

o -ioo
m_ m
_.. mr

l,
Sle
[TC3, i¢m3, GI N3
al, --300
40:00 S0:00 t0:O0 70:00 80:00 JO:OO 100:00 118:041 IZO:OO
tl#[ FROH 00:00:00 GNT, i 01¢., 197ZoNRS:NIIS

i
! •
zo:oo 3o:o0 40_00 SOLO000:oo' 7o_00 I0:00' •
tO:OO

IIII_TIII°IEIIS:IEIIES:SECIN

Figure 17-4. Lunar Impact Trajectory Residuals with PerCurb|ng

Influences Hodeled

17-7
Q

force. Since the APS system no longer maintains attitude control, these
forces would also produce an unbalanced moment which would perturb and
greatly complicate the roll motion.

The doubling of the tumble rate seen on AS-511 during the early post
APS burn period correlates with the period of relief venting from the
AF. Module No. 2. This venting continued until the APS He supply bottle
pressure depleted to the lock-up pressure of the relief valve at a
calculated range time of 15 to 16 hours. .....................

The AS-512 accelerations during the period from translunar injection to

PTC initiation were on the order of O.l mm/s2. Since the IU TCS sublimator
water valve was turned off during this period, these perturbations may in
part be due to the IU gas bearing system venting and associated APS
attitude control firings. Calculations yield approximately 0.02 mm/s2 ...........
theoretical acceleration from this source.

After the AS-S12 APS-2 burn was completed, trajectory perturbing accelera-
tions discussed previously continued to act for at least 18 hours. The
preliminary model of this acceleration was obtained by letting the Lunar..........
Impact Determination program solve for an average acceleration over this
18-hour period. The preliminary model gave an average acceleration of 0.04
mm/sZ.resulting in a possible 2.8 m/s post APS-2 total velocity change. The
observation of the post APS-Z effects of perturbing influences confirm
real-time reports from _C-H. The actual magnitude, direction, and dura-
tion of these perturbing accelerations have not been determined.

Since the TCS water valve is commanded on after APS-2, possible A5-512
post APS-2 perturbation sources may be the IU's subIimator venting as well
as the gas bearing system. Considerable subliming should take place to
dissipate the increased system temperatures.

Eventually, the battery voltage should decrease, the water valve stay
open and continuous "ublimlng take place unt|1 the coolant pump ceases
to circulate fluid. Therefore, the subllmator should have a limited
lifetime and, coupled with limited gas bearing subsystem venttng, may
cause the observed perturbations for the tile period shown.

A small additional vent of.O.09 N due to the S-IVB LOX chilldown pump
purge has been identified. This purge force is expected to act continuously
unttl lunar impact and therefore, does not correlate with the 18-hour
perturbation period identified in Figure 17-3.

17.3.4 Tentative Conclusions

Onboard gaseous venting sources have been identified that account in part
for observed perturbations of the S-IVB/IU stage's translunar trajectory.
These sources are the IU TCS subltmator water vapor and the stable plat-
form gas bearing system GN2 venting. However, the IU TCS subitmator
was not a venting source on AS-S11 or on the early part of Translunar
Coast (TLC) on AS-512. Due to a leak tn the TCS G!t2 storage sphere,

17-8
 AS-511 lost sublimator water pressure at about 18,000 seconds effective for
the remainder of the lunar trajectory. On AS-51Z the sublimator water
valve was turned off in the period from the A_S-1 burn to the APS-Z
burn in order to eliminate the subllmator as a venting source. ..........

After the PTC maneuver the FCC is turned off thereby deacttvating the
APS. However, tracking data show that the stage is still subject to low
order translational perturbations and to changes in the stage tumble
rate. The result of the translational perturbations is to shlft'the ...........
final impact point on the lunar surface. Further study wou)d be necessary
to show correlation of the observed perturbations with the known dlsturbing
forces. However, analysis has shown that a fixed thrust aligned with the
vehicle longitudinal centerllne wlll result in a net translational move-
ment, even though the vehicle is in a three axis tumble mode. Therefore,
it is possible for the observed vehicle perturbations to be caused by the ...........
type of venting sources that have been Identified on the S-IVB/IU stage
to date.

c 17.4 TRAJECTORY EVALUATION

Table 17-2 presents the actual and nominal geocentric orbital parameters
of the S-IVB/IU trajectory at 17:03:00, December 7, 1972, (soon after
°_

the APS-2 burn). The orbital elements are osculating and expressed in
the true-of-date epoch.

Table 17-Z. Trajectory Parameters After APS-2 Burn

r
f
PARAMETER ACTUAL NOM%NAL ACT-NOM
i , , i i
o

Inclination, de9 28.424 28.512 -0.088

Argument of Pertfocus, deS) 154.915 IS4.981 -0.066

Rtght 4scenston of Node, deg -15.551 -15.764 0.213

d
Semi -major AIts, km 218,497 218,978 -481
3 0.9)L#96 0.970648 *0.000152
Eccentr4 ct ty

True Anommly, deg 154.730 154.771 -0.041

Figure 17-5 presents range-rate residuals showing the first 24 hours of

PTC t,_mble. This plot was made continuous by combining residual plots from
four range-rate trackers (Madrid USB, Goldstone DSN, T_dbtnbtlla DSN, and
Bermuda USB). The tnittal tumble rate of 5.2 cph (0.52 degrees per
second) is close to the commanded pitch, yaw, and roll rates. Following
PTC, a 14- to 16-hour period occurs during which the tumble changes from
a "three-axis" rotation to a "spin/precession" rotation.

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17-10
 . . .

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F_gure 17-5. Late PTC Tumble Residuals

17-11

i _ i i m
-_ .... i-1
 Tab]e 17-3. Lunar Impact Condltions

PAIAM[T[A AT ]MPAC1 ACTUAL NOMINAL ACT-,O,

n

kg 13,931 ,.0
Stage Massi]bm ) (30.712) ('0)

Velocity Relative
tO Surface, m/s 2,544 2,545 -1
(Yt/s) (8,346) (8.3S0) (-4)
impact Angle Measured
from Vert|¢al, dog 35.0 37.8 -2.8
Incomtng Heidtng Angle
Measured from North to
West, dog 83.0 82.0 1.0

Selenogrmpht¢ Latitude.
dog -4.33 °7.00 2.67

Selenogrephl¢ Longitude,
dog -12.37 -8.00 -4.37

Impact Time, UT I0 Dec. 20:32:40.gg 20:15:4g.3S 00:18:52.64

OSstence to Target, km 1SS 0 ISS

(n ml) (84) (o) (e4)
Distance to Apollo 12
Selsmometer, km 337 481 -144
(n mt) (le2) (260) (-78)

04stance to Apollo 14
Setsmometer, km Is6 ]03 -147
(n as ) (s4) (164) (-80)

Otstanct to Apollo 15
1,035 1,080 -2S
Sessmomet._ ml)
k. (ssg) (s7z) (-13)

Dtstonco to Apollo 16
Sefsmometer, km 8sl 7og 142
(n mS) (460) (]8]) (77)

J
!
17-12

m ' I
"" I
Figure 17-6 shows Madrid USB, Canberra USB, and Greenbelt USB range_rate
residuals 20 hours, 41 hours, and 74 hours after PTC initiation, respectively.
At 20 hours after PTC initiation° the S-IVB/IU had a spin rate around the
longitudinal axis of 14.5 cph (1.45 degrees per second) and a precession
rate of 5 cph (0.5 degree per second). During the next 55.5 hours to
impact, the nature of the tumble changed little. The spin rate increased
to 21 cph (2.1 degrees per second) and the precession rate increased to
6.5 cph (0.65 degrees per second).

17.5 IMPACT CONDITIONS

Figure 17-7 presents the lunar landmarks of scientific interest relative

to the S-IVB/IU impact. Analysis to date indicates the S-IVB/IU impacted
the moon at 4.33 degrees south latitude and 12.37 degrees west longitude
at 20:32:40.99 UT on December lO, 1972, (313,180.99 seconds range time).
Impact conditions and miss distances are presented in Table 17-3. The
distance from the impact to the target is 155 km (84 n miles) which ts
within the 350-ktlemeter mission objective. The distance to Apollo 12
setsmemeter is 337 km (182 n miles); the distance to the Apollo 34 sets-
mometer is 156 km (84 n miles); the distance to the Apollo 1S setsmometer
is 1,03S km (559 n miles); and the distance to the Apollo 16 setslometer
is 851 km (460 n miles). The impact time presented in Table 17-3
is derived from the loss of signal times shown in Table 17-4 and has an
accuracy one order of magnitude smaller than the mission objective of
1 second.

17.6 TRACKING DATA

Figure 17-8 shows the tracking data available for the trajectory deter-
mination. Good quality C-band and S-band data were received over nearly
87 hours of flight to lunar impact. Table 17-5 shows the tracking site
locations and configurations.

Table 17-4. Lunar Impact Times

IECOiOCO TIM[ Oi LIGHT TIME CORRECTED TINE ON

TRACKING STATION ECENBER 10, 1972 OELAV (SEe) ECENRER 10_ le7|
UT-HR:MIN:SEC) UT-HR:MI|:SEC)

Nnrrttt lsland 20:32:42.28 1.297 2o:3z:4o.Ra

Nidrtd 42.30 1.300 41.oo

(oldstone 42.30 1.307 40.99
Bemudn 42.25 1.2t6 4o.9s
Ascension 4Z. 30 1.ZgO 41.Ol
j
Range Time. sec 313,180.99 Averege ZO:3Z:40,t9

• i
17-13
 APOLLO 17 LUNAR LANDHARKS

POINT DESCRIPT[ON LAT-DEG LONG-DEG

! [HPACT (TRACKING) -4.33 -12.37
T TARGET -7.00 -8.00
12 APOLLO 12 SEISHOHETER -3.04 -23.42
14 APOLLO 14 SEISHOHETER -3.67 -17.47
15 APOLLO 15 SE[SHOHETER 26.07 3.65
16 APOLLO 16 SEISHOHETER -8.97 15.51

15

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LONGITUDE - DEGREES

NOTE: DISTANCES FRON INPACT POINT IN KZLOHETERS

F!gure 17-7. Lunar Landmarks

17-14 4
 T[M[ FROM UT
STATION/ NO. OF 00:DO:ON 60[C., 1272-HOURS
OATA TYPE POINTS ! 20
n_.l+nu++'/RR g370'
10

/
++ +p +o, I? '++ 'T?
GOSV/RR 6930
HSKU/R8 *.728
nAO8/RR 3180 i
GOS81RR 3630 lli
HSUlRR 4605 n I
[TCS/RR 1715
A':.N3/RR 8410 aim n RE Hi In l/ _g,
IOA3/RR 3171 | I I
mlL31mR 48 ZO i 81 i i
HAM3/RR 5380 n l li RI
GMN3 / RR 5647 i l HI ll
¢tO31RR 2815 II l l
NAOWIRA 228 i| i li
GDSHIRA 94 i me
MSKill RA 430 l
MAOI/RA 6 I I
GOSBIRA 11 II11
NSKNIRA 7 I
ACN31RA 4 II
800C/RA 1084 | LUIIAR
¢ROC/RA 99 , IMPACT
J I
TOTAL 76.g66
0 10 Z) 30 40 SO 60 70 in
?
RANG[ TIME-HOuRS i ......

Figure 17-8. Tracktng Data Availability

Table 17-5. S-IVB/IU Tracking Stattons

'L '

STATIOn LOCATIOn CONFIGURATION AIIR[TIATIOI''

i n

Nedrtd, Spite OSi 86' S-|end HAOV

Medrtd, Spain STONOS' S-lind HAOO

Ascension Isllad STON 30' S-Send ACN3

gerunds ISllnd STOII SO + S-llnd" IOA3

Merrill IIllnd, Florldl STOll 30' S-Grid NIL3

Greenbelt, NlryllAd STON30' S-hnd [TC3

eeldstene, California OSl IS' S-llnd 10SV

Goldstene, California STOIIIS' S-lnd SOlO

Kllilo MAYO|| STONN' S*llnd NAN3

Gem Isle+ STOII 30* S-lind SUN]

CIrnIrvIn. AlStrlJll STON 30' S-lend CnO3

Tlditnb+lle, Amstrelln OSN IS' S-had NSEd

Cemblrre, Australia STHIS' S-lend NSKI

lermldl Island Irlqlol C-lind IOq¢ !

CirilrVOn. Alstrllll tTQ-I C-hmd ¢tOC

17-15/17-15
 • : 4

• _ _ ._1_ _

SECTiON 18

SPACECRAFTSUMMARY

Apollo 17 was launched at 00:33:00 EST on December 7, 1972, from Complex

3gA at the Kennedy Space Center. The spacecraft was manned by Captain
Eugene A. Cernan, Commnder; Commander Ronald E. Evans, Command Hodule
Ptlot; and Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt, Lunar Module Pilot. The launch was
delayed 2 hours and 40 minutes because of a failure tn the launch
vehtcle ground support equipment automatic sequencing circuitry.

The spacecraft/S-IVB/IU combination was inserted into an earth parking

orbit of 90.3 mtles by 90.0 miles for systems checkout and prepara-
tion for the translunar injection maneuver, in accordance with pre-
flight targeting objectives, the translunar injection maneuver shortened
the translunar coast pertod by 2 hours and 40 minutes to compensate
for the launch delay so that the lunar landtng could be made with the
same lighttng conditions as originally planned. After spacecraft
separation, transposition, docking, and lunar module election, the
evasive maneuver was performed and the S-IVB/IU was subsequently
targeted for lunar impact. The S-]VB/IU impacted the lunar surface
about 84 miles from the preplanned point, and the impact was recorded
by the Apollo 12, 14, 15, and 16 lunar surface setsmometers.

One spacecraft mtdcourse correction of 10.5 ft/sec was performed during the
translunar coast phase to achieve the destred altitude of closest approach
to the lunar surface. The crew performed a heat flow and convection
demonstration and an Apollo light flash investigation during the
translunar coast period. Also, the crew transferred to the lunar module
twice and found all system to be operating properly.

The scientific instrument module door was Jettisoned about 4 1/2 hours
prior to lunar orbit insertion. The docked spacecraft was inserted
into a 170-by-52.6-mlle lunar orbit following a service propulsion
firing of 393 seconds. The first descent orbit insertion maneuver at
90 1/2 hours lowered the spacecraft orbit to 59 by 14.5 miles.

The crew entered the lunar module at 105 1/4 hours to prepare for des-
cent to the lunar surface. After powering up the lunar module and
undocktng, the second lunar module descent orbit insertion maneuver
was performed using the lunar module reaction control system to adjust
7 the orbital condttons. The powered descent proceeded normally and
the spacecraft was landed within 200metors of the preferred landing
point at 110:21:57. About 120 seconds of hover time remained at
touchdown. The best estimte of the landing point is 30 degrees 45
minutes 25.9 seconds east longitude and 20 degrees 9 minutes 41 seconds
north latitude on the l:25,000-scale Lunar Topographic Photomap of

18-I
Taurus Littrow, First Edition, September, 1972.

The first extravehicular activity began at 114:22 (HR:MIN). Lunar Roving

Vehicle (LRV) offloading and equipment unstowage proceeded normally, and
television coverage was initiated about 1 I/4 hours into the extravehi-
cular activity. The lunar surface experiment package was deployed
approximately 185 meters northwest of the lunar module. Prior to leaving
the LM site, the right rear fender extension was accidentally broken
off and emergency repairs were made. The lunar surface experiment
package deployment, deep core drilling, and neutron probe emplacement
were accomplished. Two geologic units were sampled, two seismic explo-
sive packages were deployed and seven traverse gravlmeter measurements
were taken during the traverse. The samples collected weighed about
25 pounds.

The second extravehicular activity began at 137:55. The traverse

was conducted with real-time modifications to station stop times because
of geologic interests. At station 4, the crew discovered the first
evidence of possible volcanic activity on the lunar surface in the
form of orange soil. Five surface samples and a double core sample
were taken at this site. Three seismic exploslve packages were deployed,
seven traverse gravimeter measurements were taken, and all observations
were documented photographically. The time of the second extravehicu-
lar activity was 7 hours 37 minutes with 77 pounds of samples gathered.

The third extravehicular activity Eegan at 160:53. _peclfic sampling

objectives were accomplished at stations 6 and 7 among some 3 to 4 m
boulders. Again, seven traverse gravtmeter measurements were made.
The surface electrical properties experiment was terminated because
the receiver temperature was approaching the point of affecting the
data tape; therefore, the tape was removed at Station g.

The crew entered and repressurtzed the spacecraft after 7 hours and
15 minutes of lunar surface activity. Samples amounting to about 155
pounds were obtained on the third extravehicular activity for a grand
total of 257 pounds for the mission. The total distance traveled with
the LRV during the three extravehicular activities was about 36
kilometers.

In addition to the panoramic camera, the mapping camera, and the laser"
altimeter carried on previous missions, three new scientific instrument
module experiments rounded out the Apollo 17 comploment of orbital J
science equipment. An ultraviolet spectrometer measured lunar atmos-
pheric density and composition, an infrared radiometer mapped the
thermal characteristics of the moon, a_ a lunar sounder acquired data

18-2
 -'+. 4 %p

on subsurface structure.

Lunar ascent was initiated at 185:21:37 and was followed by a norm1 t

rendezvous and docking. After transferring samples and equipment from

the ascent stage to the commandmdule, the ascent stage was Jettisoned for
the deorbtt fJrtng and lunar tmpact. The preliminary coordinates of the
ascent stage impact were 19.99 degrees north and 30.51 degrees east,
about 0.7 mtle from the planned target.

Transearth Injection was Initiated at about 234 hours with a servtce

propulsion system ftrtng of 144.9 seconds. A 1 hour and 6 minute
/ transearth extravehicular activity was conducted by the CommandHodule
Ptlot: The ftlm cassettes were retrieved from the scientific Jnstru-
ment module cameras and lunar sounder and the scientific equipment bay
was vlsually inspected.
l
r'.
Entry and landtng were nomal. The spacecraft landed at 0 degrees 43
,t minutes 12 seconds south latitude and 155 degrees 12 mtnutes 36
seconds west longitude, as determined by the onboard computer. Total
time for the Apollo 17 mtssion was 301 hours, 51 mtnutes, and 59 seconds.

.Tl
. )

18-3118-4
 "0

SECTION _,9

MSFC INFLIGHT DEMONSTRATION

19.1 SUMMARY

A Heat Flow and Convection Demonstration was performed during Apollo 17

translunar coast. The data obtained apparently were satisfactory although
analysis is in progress. There were no reported problems with the experi-
mental apparatus.

19.2 HEAT FLOW AND CONVECTION DEMONSTRATION

A Heat Flow and Convection Demonstration, similar to the one on Apollo 14,
was performed on Apollo 17 translunar coast. The three related experi-
ments co_orising the demonstration were convection In a liquid caused by

) surface tension gradients, heat flow and convection in a confined gas at

low g force (approximately I0-9 g due to Command Service Module drift in
roll), and heat flow and convection in a confined liquid at low g force.
The purpose of these experiments was to determine the type and _gnitude
of fluid convection encountered In a near welghtless environment.
Although normal convection is so@pressed at near weightlessness, some
fluid flow will occur due to acceleration Impulses, surface tension

i
!
gradients, and expansion.

The information obtained from this demonstrationwill provide some of the

data required to evaluate space manufacturing processes and other future
space applications. The thermal behavior of fluids is a vital part of
manufacturing processes involving liquid separation, precipitation,
solidification, etc.

) The experimental apparatus consisted of a package wlth three test con-

figurations, each of a particular geometry and each containing a specially
chosen fluid. Data was recorded by a 16 mm camera which was attached to
the package.
r Ig.2.1 Flow Pattern Experiment

The purpose of the Flow Pattern Experiment was to investigate convection

in a liquid caused by surface tension gradients. The surface tension
gradients are generated by heatt::_ a thin layer of liquid with a free
surface. These surface tension gradients generate a cellular circulation
pattern known as B_na-d cells.

Ig-I
 The experimentalapparatusconsisted of an open dish containing liquid
Krytox oil that was uniformly h_ated from the bottom, The oil contained
suspended aluminum flakes to permit direct observation of flow patterns.
The cover of the dish was opened during the actual experiments to expose
the free surface of the liquid to the spacecraft atmosphere.

Runs were made with liquid depths of two and four millimeters. In the
two millimeter run, convection was evident within a few seconds after
initiation of heating as compared to five minutes in an earth environ-
ment. B6nard cells were formed, but were less orderly and symmetrical
than earth environment patterns. Steady state was reached in about seven
minutes.

In the four-millimeter run, the B_nard cells were more regular and larger
than in the two-millimeter run. Steady state had not been reached at the
conclusion of the lO minute heating period.

19.2.2 Radial Heat Flow Experiment

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate heat flow and convec-
tion in a gas at low gravity conditions.

The experimental apparatus consisted of a centrally heated closed

cylinder filled with argon gas. Liquid crystal temperature sensing strips
were located to measure gas temperature changes radially from the heater.
These strips change color in response to temperature changes and the color
changes are recorded on 16 mm color film.

The experiment was conducted as planned. The operation of all equipment

and the data obtained were ap)arently satisfactory. Computer analyses
are currently being made to evaluate the scientific performance of the
experiment.

19.2.3 Lineal Heat Flow Experiment

This experiment was similar to the gas experiment described In 19.2.2,

except that the fluid medium was Krytox oll and the cylinder length-to-
diameter ratio was greater so that lengthwise heating was measured.
Equipment operation and data obtained were apparently satisfactory.
However, the results of computer analyses of the data are In progress.

I
I
I
i

19-2
 SECTION 20

LU_R ROVING VEHICLE

i

20.1 SUMMARY

The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) satisfactorily supported the Apollo 17

Taurus-Ltttrow lunar surface exploration objectives. The total odometer
distance traveled during the three Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA's)
was 35.7 kilometers at an average velocity of 7.75 _/hr on traverses.
The maximum velocity attained was 18.0 lun/hr and the maximum slopes nego-
tiated were 18 degrees up and 20 degrees down. The average LRV energy
consumption rate was 1.64 amp-hours/km with a total consu,_i energy of
73.4 amp-hours [including 14.8 amp-hours used by Lunar Com,Jntcatton Relay
Unit (LCRU)] out of an approximate total available energy of 242 amp-hours.
The navigation system gyro drift and closure error were negligible.

Contrcllcbility was good. There were no problems with steering, br_klng,

or obstacle negotiation. Brakes were Used at ]east partlal]y on a11 down-
slopes. Driving down sun was difficult because the concealed shadows
caused poor obstacle visibility.

Whtle the LRV had no problems with the dus_, stowed Payload mechanical
parts attached to the LRV tended to bind up. The crew described dust as
being an anti-lubricant and reported that there was no EVA-4 capability
in many of the stowed payloaC items because of dust intrusion. Large
tolerance mechanical items such as locking bags on the gate and the pallet
lock had problems toward the end of EVA-3. Only those items which had
been protected from the dust performed without degradation.

Al1 interfaces between crew, LR_ and stowed payload were s-ttsfactory.

The followina LRV system anomalies were noted:

a. At initial power-up, the LRV battery temperatures were higher than

prndlcted (refere,ce paragraph 20.12).

b. Battery No. 2 temperature indication was off scale low at start of

EVA-3 (reference paragraph 20.8.3).

C. The right rear fender extension was broken off at the Lunar Module
(LM) site on EVA-1 prior to driving to the Apollo Lunar Surface
Experiments Package (ALSEP) stte (reference paragraph 20.1l).
 20.2 DEPLOYMENT

Deployment of the LRV from the LH was completed successfully using less
than 10 minutes of crew time. The operation was s_oth and no problems
were encountered, The landing attitude of the LM was favorable (less
than 3° inclination) and did not adversely affect the operation, The
chassis lock pins did not seat fully in place but the crew had no
difficulty in seatlnp the pins by using the dplo_ent assist tool per
normal procedures. LRV set up and checkout reouired less than 9 minutes
of crew time.

20.3 LPV TO STOWEDPAYLOADINTERFACE

The interfaces between the stowed payloads and LRV were satisfactory.

20.4 LUNAR TRAFFICABILITY ENVIRONMENT

The lurain created no unusual operating problems for the LRV. Traverses
are shown in Figure 20-I. In general, the lunar surface charcter was
gently undulated, hun_nocky,abundantly cratered and somewhat rougher
than expected,

On the basis of crew debrlefinos and EVA photographic coverage, it

appears that the LRV was operated uphl)l on slopes of 18 degrees or
more and downhill on slopes of 20 degrees or more. Because of its
light weight and the excellent traction obtained, the general performance
of the vehicle on these slopes w_s satisfactory. Maneuvering the vehicle
on slopes consisted primarily of uphill and downhlll travel and did not
present any serious problems. Maximum speed reached was 18 kph down-
slope. Vehicle traverse cross slope caused discomfort to the crewman
on the down-slope side and was avoided whenever possible. The crew
also reported that drlvlng on the lunar surface reoulres a constant
effort to avoid obstacles.

20.5 WHEEL SOIL INTERACTION

i
As on Apollo 15 and 16, the LRV made only a shallow imprint on the lunar
surface. This crew observation is supported by numerous photographs
obtained during the lunar surface EVA's. The depth of the whee| tracks
averaged 1-1/2 cm (112 in) for a fully loaded LRV (vehicle, crew, payloed).
The LRV wheels developed excellent traction tn the lunar surface material.
In most cases a sharp imprint of the Chevron tread was clearly discernible,
indicating that the surface soil possessed cohesion and the amount of
wheel sllp was mtniNl. The shallow wheel track indicates that good flo-
tation was provided by the wheel design and also indicates that the primary
energy losses were due to compaction and rolling resistance and that bull-
dozing was minimal. This observation is supported by the small error tn
traverse closure in the navigation system.

J
 o .

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' I i
lil_

_!_ • ".

i , _l,,,il,._,.ie_
_1 t i
I II _1. _ -
_i ;,i' .
, ,_ ,'-, :-,.
20.6 LOCOMOTION PERFORMANCE

The locomotion performance of the LRV was satisfactory and met all of
the demands of the Apollo 17 mission. Comparison of the LRV amp-hour
integrator readings with pre-fllght predictions (Figure 20-2) shows
that the LRV power usage was as expected. Locomotion performance is
contained in Table 20-1. As shown in Apollo Lunar EVA Summary, Table
20-2, a longer traverse and a greater distance from the LM was achieved
during EVA-2 than any prior mission.

140 ; - RECONSTRUCTION

i I I i I l_J.. _i....
• - I_IIELAU_ICN.IEDIC_IOII (_ 8) __

m _._ [.... l_l___l

.......I.__L._J_.
t+__
|

CUIeA.ATI_ EVA DISTANCE (m)

Figure 20-2. LRV Power Usage

20.7 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

20.7.1 Harmonic Drive

The harmonic drive performed satisfactorily; no excessive power con-

sumptton or temperatures were noted nor was any mechanical mlfunctton
apparent.

20.7.2 Wheels and Suspension

The wheels and suspension systems performed as expected. The maxtu +!+
vehtcle speed/obstacle stze encountered was 10-12 kph over an obstacle
30 centimeters high. The vehtcle scr8.l_ bottom occasionally. The °+

left front wheel sustained a dent (about the size of a tennis ball) on
the sidewall but locomotion performance was not affected.

20-4

. -o
 Table 20-I. Apollo 17 LRV Performance Sunlnary

Iql_im
EVA 1 EVA2 _FA 3
TOTN. P't,ANIM _lt,U[
m

_J Tim (m4n) 33 14S II 269 280

HeO_staAq:e (kin) Z.3 19.0 11.0 32.3 3_.S

_0_ne_r Dls_nce _P_L- .__I_L. )S.7 $7.JS

(_-1 #dd4tto_l .j.s
0.8 ....... _._1"- ,1

_illty _w (k_) Trsv_s* 7.Z4 7.Z 7.0

4.18 7.8S

AvqtrOtleSoeed (kph) Trevtrse p 4.$4 8.3s 7.R o.8 #

*q-_rlin (L_ Onlr) I.m 1.5.1 .... 1.76 ,?.64 1.m J

.... 13.4 8S

Nov. Closure [r_r (it| 0 0 0 0 0.2

o¢ _v. _ces 0 0 0 0 3

_irt mJte (4_qY_) ,1" ,._o _10 • 1" 1.6

_eir F_r • Sltw(s) jJ> 9 i IO 8.4 10.0

k. _eN _e_ud (k_) 11 (4 m IZS w Ir _

•Im1 ,18 _ IZ h_11
nu. Slw, _ (dqrm) - lip SO
,n-b.
(Nm_ter 0ss_ce (Travlrse) - 01$_Ke admet_r OS_t_ce (;ddltto_el) * i*c1_ks
actuolly tim frem Croverse starting dtst_ce I_ Lll _d Surface [IG¢*
Imtnt to e*d pot*t. trtcal Preterites (S[P) or uq mi M_P
mot IKludk,dtn inverse dtsN.

HMJlilty Irate - Hill 01SUKt

X_ _ s_ece

Table 20-2. Apollo Lunar EVA Summary

APOLLOI1] N_LL0 12 A_LL0 14 A_LL0 IS AWALOli liMI,LO 17

nee Ois_ce (_) 2S.3 _.0 3Z.3

_rfKe 0_s_*ce rreversed (_am| 0._ 2.0 3.3 _r.q 2G.g 35.7

_A Ouratto_ (l_:edn) 2:24 7:_ t: |3 18:3,1 Z1:00 22:15

_ _ (*_) -. 5.4 l.uO 7.75

Umril_ m_ . 1.9 t.I 1.6

_m-_r/k_ (L_ o.1_)

_p-_ow's C4_e_ed _.o N.? 73,4

(Z42 AvltllblO)

nov. Ctmure (n,_r (,k..,) 0.1 0 O

a_ilm,. _d' le_v. Opabt@s I 0 _JT._. A

_#inum tmqe frem Lie (in) 5.4 4.S 7.6

Longest _VA Trsverse (in) 12.S 11.6 _8.3

SMoles tetiJ_
ihmc_k (ll_l N 94 170 213 _S_

I_v nusu ue(_¢ (lea) 1532 1S4_ _.7

20-5
20.7.3 Brakes

The LRV braking capability was reported to be excellent and the vehicle
came to a complete stop within one to three vehicle lengths. There was
no instance of "fade" even during prolonged down-slope braking.

20.7.4 Stability

The LRV stability was satisfactory. The LRV had no tendency to roll
and its response was predominantly a pitching motion. The crew felt
that individual wheels became airborne occasionally, but did not cause
a controllability problem. Driving cross slope was uncomfortable
to the cretan on the down-slope side and was avoided whenever
possible.

20.7.5 Hand Controller

The hand controller performed satisfactorily.

20.7.6 Loads

Instrumentation was not provided on the LRV to ascertain induced loads.

No evidence of load problems was reported.

20.8 ELECTRICAL SYSTEHS

The LRV electrical systems satisfactorily supported the lunar surface

exploration. The battery temperature anomaly had no major impact on the
mission (see 20.8.3).

20.8.1 Batteries

The battery capacity was more than adequate for the mission. Amp-hour
usage including LCRU, was estimated to be 73.4out of a nominal capacity
of 242 amp-hours for the two batteries.

20.8.2 Traction Drive System

The traction drive system perfomed satisfactorily. There were no

indications of any off nemtnal conditions wtthin the traction drive and
all four units perfon_,_l as expected. The mxtmmtemperaturerelx)rtedof
any traction drive untt was 2700F and occurred at Station 6 on E'/A-3. !
..) - .

20.8.3 Distribution System

The electrical distribution system provided power to all functions as required. 'L

However, battery No. 2 temperature indication was off scale low during power-
up at the beginning of EVA-3. This condition continued for the reminder of the

20-6
mission. The most probable cause was a shorted temperature sensor in
the battery, which would cause the meter to read off scale low. Thts
same condition was noted on two batteries previously tested at tempera-
tures above the qualification level. Electrolyte leakage through the
sensor bond caused by the elevated temperatures appears to have caused
the short. There was no impact on the mission. Temperature monitoring
was continued using Battery No. 1 as an indicator and using temperature
trends established from actual data on EVA's-1 and -2. Normal perfor-
mance monitoring was continued, using amp-hour integrator data.

20.8.4 Steering

The LRV steering performed satisfactorily for all three EVA's. Con-
trollabtltty was excellent. The Commander (CDR) reported that good
vehicle maneuverability using double Ackerman steering made thts the
preferred mode. The CDR felt that a single steering mode (locked rear
steering) would not have given the required maneuvering capability for
this particular area.

The CDR also reported that he found the preferred mode was to drive over
blocks and craters up to one foot tn diameter and to drive through blocks
and craters from 5 to 10 meters tn size, rather than steer around them
and put the LRV tnto cross slope conditions.

20.8.5 Amp-Hour Integrator

The /_mp-Hour Integrator performed satisfactory throughout all three

EVA-s. Amp-hour usage ts shown in Figure 20-2.

20.9 CONTROLAND DISPLAY CONSOLE

The control and dt_play console dtspl_ys performed sattsfacto_. The

only Indication loss was attributed to a faulty sensor, as discussed tn
Section 20.8.3. There were no occurrences to suggest Improper swttch
or circuit breaker positions.

20.10 NAVIGATION SYSTEM

The Navigation System satisfactorily supported the Apollo 17 Msston. The

position error waswe11 wtthtn the mriss|on planntng value of lOOmters
durtng all EVA's and no update was requtrnd. Table 20-1 contains a
summmr_jof navigation performance.

The LRV Vehtcle Attttude Indicator pointers tended to sttck throughout

al1 three EVA's. There ms no tmpact on the mission as the potnters
worked when the crew tapped the un]t. There was no recurrence oft he _oT:'_

Vehicle Attitude Indicator scale problem reported on APOl]o 16, LRV-2.

20.11 CRE'g STATION

The crew reported no problem vlth the crew statton. The seat belt

20.-7
design functioned satisfactorily. The ground adjustments proved to be
very good, with only minor adjustments required on the lunar surface.
Access and stowage was adequate.

During Extravehicular Activity (EVA-I) at the LM prior to driving

Lo ALSEP, the CDR inadvertently pulled off the right rear fender exten-
sion by catching it with the hammer carried in the right leg pocket of
the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU).

While still at the LM site, the CDR spent approximately 12 mlnutes

taping the extension onto the fender. Because of the dusty surfaces,
the tape did not adhere and the extension fell off returning from
Station I. In the moon's low gravity and hard vacuum, loss of the
fender extension allowed dust to be thrown forward by the revolving
rear wheel onto the LRV and crew. Per real time procedures established
by MSC and MSFC, the crew taped together four Lunar Module (LM) maps
and fastened them to the fender with two clamps from the LM (refer to
Figure 20-3). Installation of this fix required approximately 7
minutes of CDR and Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) surface time at the begin-
nine of EVA-2. This fix was adequate for the remainder of the mission.

A fender extension was also lost on Apollo IS and 16. A fender modification
was incorporated for Apollo 17 to prevent the fender extension from
being dislodged from its guides. The fix would have been effective
except that the force applied was so great that it fractured the guide
material.

20.12 THERMAL

The thermal control system satisfactorily supported all the Apollo 17

mission lunar surface operations. At tnittal power-up, the LRV battery
temperatures were higher than predicted and the right battery indicated
I5°F higher than the left {95°F left and IIO°F right actual vs. 80°F
pre-mlsslon predicted). The higher temperature was due to hot holds
(orientation of LRV toward the sun instead of passive thermal control)
during translunar coast. Based on the LM solar attitude during trans-
lunar coast, the LRV temperature of gS°F is reasonable at initial power-up.
There was no apparent performance degradation throughout the mlsslon due
to the high battery temperatures. Battery temperatures at LRV closeout
were indicated to be 139°F for Battery No. 1 and 148°F {calculated) for
Battery No. 2. Predicted temperatures were 140°F and 148°F (8° included
for meter bias). This meter bias was confirmed by caution and warning
flag activation on EVA-2. The flag, which activates at 12S°F activated
when the meter indicated 132°F. All temperature values shown will be
meter values and will include this bias. Because of this bias an i
indicated battery temperature limit of 148°F was agreed to prior to
EVA-2. The amp-hour usage of both batteries followed the predicted
curves througheut the mlsslon.
T..-_!
The probable cause of the temperature difference between batteries at
initial power-up (gS°F left and llO°F right) ts heat absorption by the

2O-8
 J

4 i
Figure 20-3. LRV Fender Fix

17

20-9
 Q
k°

wax tank on the left battery. The right battery has no wax tank and it Would
would have been unusual for both batteries to be at the same tem-
F
perature above the wax tank melting point (93°F).

Revised parking constraints and careful attention to battery dusting

procedures by the crew provided better cooldown than on previous missions.
The CDR reported that careful dusting of the LRV battery covers at
each stop, resulted in relatively dust-free radiators through all three
( EVA's. By keeping the covers clean, dusting of the battery mirrors was
not required until the end of EVA-2. Additionally, per alternate pro-
i cedures, the battery covers were opened at the ALSEP site during EVA-1
and at Station 6 during EVA-3 to maintain batteries within acceptable
limits.

All LRV components remained within operational temperature limits throughout

the three lunar surface EVA's. As predicted, motor temperatures were
"off-scale-low" (below 200°F) throughout most of the EVA°s. The maxi-
mum motor temperature of 270°F (131"C) occurred during EVA-3.

Figures 10-4 and 20-5 present the battery profiles for the three EVA's.
Because of the high battery temperatures at initial power-up the LRV
was parked heading up-sun for best radiation to deep space and the dust
coversware opened during the ALSEP deployment period. The anticipated
cooldovn of lO°F (6%)* for Battery I, and 4°F {1%)* for Battery No. l
was achieved. The battery l and 2 temperatures, with the LRV supplying
LCRU power, were lO8"F (42°C) and 123°F (51°C)* at the end of EVA-I.

Adequate battery cooldown was obtained between EVA'sI and 2. EVA-2

began with battery temperatures of 70°F (2l°C) * and 92°F (33°C) *. The
warning flag activated on attery 2 when the meter indicated 132°F
(56°C). EVA-2.eMed with temperatures of 114°F (46°C) * and 1380F (59°C) *.

EVA-3 began with a Battery No. 1 temperature of 95°F (33°C) and a non-
operating temperature meter for Battery No. 2 [estimated temperature was
120°F (49°C)], Per alternate procedures the dust covers were opened at
Station 6 to maintain batteries within thermal limits, the final
recorded te_rature for Battery No. l was 139°F (S9"C). A warning
flag was also noted for Battery No. l at that time. It is estimated
that the final Battery No. 2 temperature was about 148°F (64°C).

20.13 STRUCTURAl.

There was no structural damage to the load bearing members of the LRV.
A rear fender extension was dislodged on EVA-1 (refer to paragraph 20.11). ..!
i

20.14 LUNARROVING VEHICLE CONFIGURATION +

-°
LRV-3was essentially unchanged froeLRV-2_tchwms flown on APOllo 16
other than those changes sllotm tn TabLe20-3. Refer to Saturn V Launch
Vehtcle r"ltght Evaluation Report - AS-SIO, Apollo 15 Hisston for a basic
Vehtcle Description.

*Temperature as read by crew. Subsequent analysis indicated actual tem-

peratures to be 8 ° lower than readouts.

20-10
 ...... i i I • _ t J_. _ i I I .....

k_

i " LOWER OI_RATIIIG LIMIT

IO
$5 6O
0

UPPER OFgMTING LINIT

_" r- _ " I I' '
ESTIIMTED, P_r(R--% /

130'

u. I10, F"
•

%. /

II'
LIEII mTlI LIHT,

Io
T_. I
Ftgure 20-5. LRV Battery No. 2 (Rtght) Temperature

20-11 •
 P

Significant configuration changes are contained tn Table 20-3.

Table 20-3. LRV Significant Configuration Changes

h$1_ Add tedex rlql for a_tm_h eliot To provtde cm _tt_ _ rtfenmce for
dtel oa 1or gatn ntmms. tw ptR am_m ulmt_ petlttmj ae_le.

J P_ylud Im_11 surface

(SIP) uN_mt
_w:_slq .mlt
electrical
sl_l
w _).
role
p_1_
(sIp.l
To provtdo vqhtcle locatloe Qta tb _.P.

P_l18 4vst cover ta SI_ ¢mmectm'. To prmmt coatamt_tllm from _tertng

rKtptKle.

.eve Iva_/S_mder_ Life SvpWt. S_t_ IllSLSS _ to _ lmgm_fmm¢_ _tlh

(B/SLSS) ll_q strip from LI9 sellt b4ck SIP.
to COIl me Imck.
I'lylSlV _I _ aft clls$1$ le_ltiq N]I_ Te W_dl cm _t_ lmllatm, of
per hale to use utt_ step tether.

Crw Stattu |mull mm _ _Iml s_ i To immmt less ef _ _tm_tm

i11 1Mar 1Minims. 4ertn9 1mar oNvltt_.

-__,-•- . , ... _ .

g.l
20-12
- _
 i. "

APPENDIX A

ATMOSPHERE

. .A.I SUltRY

This appendix presents a sumuary of the atmospheric environment at launch

time of the AS-S12. The format of these data is stmilar to that presented
on previous launches of Satum vehicles to permit comparisons. Surface
and upper level winds, and thermodynamic data near launch time are given.

A'Z GENERALATMOSPHERICCONDITIONSAT LAUNCHTIME

During the evening launch of Apollo 17, the Cape Kennedy launch" area was
experiencing mild temperatures with gentle surface winds. These condl-
........ _tions.resulted from a warmmotst atr mass covering most of Flortda. This
warm air was separated from an extremely cold atr mass over the rest of
the south by a cold front ortented northeast-southwest and passing
through the Florida panhandle. See Figure A-1. Surface winds tn the
Cape Kennedy area were light and northwesterly as shown in Table A-1.
Wtnd flow aloft ts shown in Figure A-2 (500 Btlltbar level). The maximum
wtnd belt was located north of Flortda, giving less intense wtnd flow
aloft overt he Cape Kennedy area.

A.3 SURFACEOBSERVATIONSAT LAUNCHTIME

At launch time, total sky cover was 5110, consisting of scattered strato-
cumulus at 0.8 kilometers (2,600 ft) and scattered cirrus at 7.9 kilometers
(26,000 ft). Surface ambient temperature was 294°K (70.O°F). During
ascent the vehtcle dtd pass through some thtn cirrus clouds. All surface
observations at launch time are summarized tn Table A-1. Solar radiation
data for the day of December 6, 1972, are given tn Table A-2.

A.4 UPPERAIR MEASUREMENTS

Data were used from three oft he upper atr windsystem to compile the
final meteorulogtcal tape. Table A-3 sumrtzes the wtnd data system
used. Only the Rawinsonde and the Lokt Oartmeteorological rocket data
were used tn the upper level atmospheric therle_Jynamtc analyses.

A.4.1 Wtnd Speed

Wtnd speeds were light, being 3.6 m/s (7.0 knots) at the surface and
increasing to a peak of 45.1 m/s (87.6 knots) at 12.18 kilometers (39,960
ft). The winds began decreasing above thts altitude, becoming relatively

A-1
j/

!
!

A-2
..... i, .°

Om _...,m. qr ,*---

_ •

t*J

1
q,,,,

;J
G:

col

....... *,-. - clip • : I :

U[1
!

el

ut

E
qpJ*
4")

US

(J
eel

1:
:1
V)

!
Q.

_B

-- ,_p

iS"

5OO MILLIBAR EIGHT

CONTOURSAT 1200 Z _ m.
D£CF.14NER7, 1972
C(_I'INUOUS LINES INDICATE NEIGRT CIJITOUILSIN
FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEl.. BASHEDLINES ARE ISO-
THI[NIS IN DEGREESCENTIGRADE. AARCWS
rIND DIRECTION #did SPEEDAT TNE SIX) M LEVEL.
(AI_O_S SAMEAS ON SUWACE MP).

Figure A-2. 500 Nt111bar Hap Approximately 5 112 Hours After

Launch of AS-512

A-4 1
 +9

Table A-2. Solar Radiation at AS-512 Launch Ttme, Launch Pad 39A
i

TOTAL HORIZONTAL DIFFUSE

HOUREAOZNG SURF INCIDENT (SKY)
DATE G-C,AL/C_N
EST G-CJU./CZ_2-_[N G-C,_/CM2-NIN
I I I IL

Oeamber 6, Ig72 07.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

08.00 0.04 0.02 0.04

09.00 0.17 0.20 0.10

10.00 0.53 1.14 0.00

11.00 0.63 1.32 0.00

12.00 0.62 0.6g 0.18

13.00 0.81 0.92 0.24

14.00 0.71 0.8_ 0.23

15.00 0.-2 0.51 0.31

16.00 0.39 0.63 0.23

17.00 0.11 0.14 0.10

18.00 0.01 0.01 0.01

19.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

[ Table A-3. Systems _sed to Heasure Upper Atr Mtnd Data for
i

AS-512
i

RELFA_ 1IIE PORTIONOF DATAWED

i

STMT END
T_
TI'FE _F MTA TZRE
(mr) T,.O ALTTI1JE TZRE
AFTER N.TXTU_ AgTE_
(ran) N T.-O N T._
(it) (11111) (_:) (ma)

FPS-16,,_ ,_r, 17 150 17 18 000 H

(4m) (4., 212)

IS_O 24 7SO
Ilwtnamle 0S43 10 91
(SO Ore) SO (111 300)

081S 162 Sl2SO 28000

(Igl 107) 15t (12 OZO) 183
i ,

!
 .o

light at 22.88 kilometers (75,065 ft). Above this level, winds increased
to a peak of 77.0 m/s (149.7 knots) at 44.50 Km (145,996 ft) altitude as
shown in Figure A-3. Maximum dynamic pressure occurred at 13.06 kilo-
meters (42,847 ft). At max Q altitude, the wind speed and direction was
33.2 m/s (64.5 knots), from 314 degrees.

A.4.2 Wind Direction

....
At-launchtime, the surface wind direction was from 300 degrees. The
wind direction varied, between southwest and northwest, with increasing
altitude over the entire profile. Figure A-4 shows the complete wind
direction versus altitude profile. As shown in Figure A-4, wind direc-
......
tions were quite variable at altitudes with low wind speeds.

A.4.3. Pitch Wind Co_onent

The pitch wind velocity component (con_onent parallel to the borizontal

projection of the flight path) at the surface was a tailwind of 3.2 m/s
(6.1knots)._ The maximum tailwind, in the altitude range of 8 to 16 kilo-
meters (26,247 to 52,493 ft), was 34.8 m/s (67.6 knots) observed at 12.18
kilometers (39,944 ft) altitude. See Figure A-5.

A.4.4 Yaw Wind Coe_onent

The yaw-wind-veloctty-component (component normal to the horizontal pro-

jection of the flight path) at the surface was a wind from the left of
1.7 mls (3.3 knots}, The peak yaw wind velocity in the hlgh dynamic
pressure region was from the left of 29,2 mls (56.8 knots) at 11.35 kilo-
meters (37,237 ft). See Figure A-6.

A.4.5 Component Wind Shears

The largest component wind.shear (ah = 1,000 m) In the max Q region was a
pitch shear of 0.0177 sec °j at 7.98 kilometers (26,164,ft). The largest
yaw wind shear, at these lower levels, was 0.0148 sec "m at 10.65 kilometers
(34,940 ft). See Figure A-7.

A.4.6 Extreme Wind Data in the High Dynamdc Region

A summary of the mxtmumwtnd speeds and wtnd comq)onents is given t? Table

A-4. A SUlmary of the extre_ wind shear values (6h = 1,000 meters) is
given In Table A-5.

A.5 THERMODYNAMIC
DATA

Comparisons of the thermodynamic data taken at AS-512 launch ttme with the
annual Patrick Reference Atmosphere, 1963 (PRA-63) for temperature, pres-
sure, density, and Optical Index of Refraction are shown in Figures A-8
and Ao9, and are discussed in the following paragraphs.

A-6 • ::: ....

B

Ftgure A-3.
I .:_i'+;_
A-7 |_
 ]<° •

A-8
 i • i

Figure A-S. Pitch Wind Veloctt_j Component (i#x) at LnnchTtm of AS-S12

A-9
1 llO
l

*"!

. _ !

40
 i ii i i J • . , • , ,, i-m _" :_

F|gure A-7. Pftch (S x) and Yaw (Sz) Component triad Shears at LaunchTtm ofAS-S12

A-11
 Table A-4. Haxtmum gtnd Speed tn Ht9 h Dynamic pressure Region for
Apollo/Saturn 501 through Apollo/Saturn 512 Vehtcles

MAXIHUMMIND COMPONENTS
MAXIMUMWINO
ALT
VEH]CLE "--" ALT PITCH (gx) ALT (gT) Kit
NLIIBER SPEED R 104 H/S K14 (FT)
(tOTS) !G) (FT) (KNOTS) (FT) (KNOTS)
9.00
11.50 12.9
26.0- 73 11.50 24.3 (29,500)
(37,700) (25.1)
(50.5) (37,7DO) (47.2)
13.00 12.9 15.75
27.1 !55 13.00 27.1 (51,700)
(42,650) (25.1)
(52.7) (42,650) (52.7)
15.10 22.6 15.80
34.8 ze4 ls.22 31.2 (49,500) (43.9)
(51,800)
(67.6) (49,900) (60.6)
11.43
11.70 21.7
76.2 264 11.73 74.5 (37,500)
(38 ,390) (42.2)
(148.1) (38,480) (144.8)
13.80 18.7 14.85
42.5 27() -14.i8 40.8 (48,720)
(45 ,280) (36.3)
(82.6) (46,520) (79.3)
11.18 7.1 12.05
9.6 297 11.40 7.6 (36,580) (13.8) (39,53o)
(18.7) (37,400) (14.8)
13.65
14.23 -19.5
47.6 24 =- 14.23 47.2 (46,670) (-37.9) (44,780)
(92.5) (46,670) (91.7) 12.98
13.58 15.0
55.6 251 13.58 55.6 (44,540) (29.1) (42,570)
(io8.I) (44.s_) (lO8.1) 13.33 24.9 10.20
52.8 25 13.33 52.8 (43320) (48.5) (33,,_so)
(102.6) (43,720) (102.6) 13.43
13.73 7.3
18.6 06 13.75 -17.8 (46,030) (14.2) (44.040)
(36.2) (46,110) (-34.6)
15.50
11.85 12.5
;-511 26.1 25 11.85 26.0 (50,850)
(38,880) (24.2)
(50.7) ; (38,880) (50.5)
11.35
12.18 29.2
46.1 31 12.10 34.8 (_,._) (_.s) ._ (37,237)
(87.6) (39345) (67.6)

" " "

A-.12
 t

, °.

, • b -¸ • ., ,i

• i _ i | il I

Table A-5. Extreme Htnd Shear Values In the Htgh Dynamic Pressure Regton
for Apollo/Saturn 501 through Apollo/Saturn 512 Vehtcles

(Ah - 1000 m)

PITCH PLANE YAH PLANE

VEHZCLE
NUMBER ALTZTUI)E SHEAR ALTITUDE
SHEAR
KN KH
-_--(SEC-1) (SEC-1) (IT)
(FT)
I

AS-501 O,0O66 10.00 0.0067 10.00

(32 coo) (32 soo)
AS-502 0.0125 ........ 14.90 0.0084 13.28
(48 900) (43 500)

AS-503 0.0103 16.00 0.0157 15.78

(52 5GO) (51 800)

AS-504 0.0248 15.15 0.0254 14.68

(49 700) (48 150)

AS-505 0.0203 15.30 0.0125 15.53

(50 20O) (50 950)

AS-506 0.0077 14.78 0.0056 10.30

(48 490) (33 79O)

AS-507 0.0183 14.25 0.0178 14.58

(46 75O) (47 82O)

AS-50g 0.0166 15.43 0.0178 13.98

(50610)- (45 85O).

AS-509 0.0201 13.33 _ 0.0281 . il.85

(43 720) :" (38 88O)

AS-510 -0.0110 11.23 0.0071 : 14.43

(36mm):: ,. -- :- ::(47330)
AS-511 0.0095 13.65._ ....:: " !0:01i4:::": • -:15.50 : _
(44.780)":.: . -:_- (so 8so)
AS-512 0.0177
(26 164) . ..- :-: ::-.. !(34 94o) :- -_-

.. r.:........ . -' ":: .. . .....

•. :":::.::." . . __ . " .... .- . . .:, • -

A-13 ¢
 ' I

4 .

A. 5.1 Atmosphert c Temperature

Atmospheric temperature differences were small, generally deviating less

than 5 percent from the PRA-63, below 59 kilometers (193,570 ft) altitude.
Temp-.-'J.ures did deviate to -4.82 percent of the PRA-63 value at 24.50
km (80,380 ft).. Air temperatures were generally warmer than the PRA-63
from the surface through 36 kilometers (52,493 ft). Above thts altitude,
tomperatures became cooler than the PRA-63 values through 42.0 Im
(137,794 ft). Above thts level temperatures were again warmer than the
PRA-63. See Figure A-8 for the complete profile.

A.5.2 Atmospheric Pressure

A_osphertc pressure deviations were sltghtly greater than the PRA-63

pressure values from the surface to 20.60 kilometers (67,584 ft) alti-
tude. Above this level pressure became less than the PP_-63 wtth a peak
deviation of -8.78_ occurring at 42.50 kilometers (139,434 ft) altitude.
See Figure A-8.

A.5.3 A1_osphert c Density

Atmospher4c density deviations _ere s¢_11, being _thtn 4 percent of the

PRA-63 below 36 kilometers (118,109 ft) altitude. The density deviation
reached a maximum of 3.91 percent greater than the PRA-63 value at 17.00
ktlomters (55,774 ft) as shown tn Figure A-9.

A.5.4 Opttcal Index of Refraction

The Optical Index o_ Refraction at the surface was 4.7 x 10 -6 untts lo_er
than the corresponding value of the PRA-63. The mx|u _egattve devia-
tion of -8.37 x 10.0 occurred at 250 meters: (820 ft). The dev4atlon then k _

became less negattve wtth altitude, and approxtlted the PRA-63 at htgh
altitudes, as ts sho_n tn Ftgure A;9. _ The mxtmm value of the Opttcal
Index of Refractto_ was 1.81 x 10.o units *greater than the PRA-63 at 5.5
*° ; ° kilometers (18,044 ft).

A.6 CONPARISONOF SELECTED ATIIOSPHERICDATA FOR 5ATUIUI V LAUNCHES

A sumnaw of the at_phertc data for each Sa_.urn Y launch ts shown tn

Table A-6. *

A-14
 __ iii p

4 44, -II II . II l

m m _ mmluml, Imml

Ftgure A-8. Relative Deviation of .Temperature and Pressure fral the PPJ_-63
ReferenceAtaosl_ere,kS-Sl,?

A-15
r-

1
 APPENDIX B

AS-512 SIGNIFICANT CONFIGURATION CHANGES

B.1 INTRODUCTION

The AS-512, twelft_ flight of the Saturn V sertes, was the tenth mnned
/_ollo Saturn V vehicle; The AS-512 launch vehicle configuration was
essentially the same as the A5-511 wtth significant exceptions shown tn
Tables B-1 through B-4. The Apollo 17 spacecraft structure and cm_onents
were essentially unchanged from the Apollo 16 configuration. The bastc
launch vehtcle description ts presented In Appendix B of the Saturn V
Launch Vehtcle Fltght Evaluation Report, AS-S04, A_ollo 9 Mission,
MPR-SAT-FE-69-4. " .........

Table B-1. S-IC Significant Configuration Changes

. n

elm
L II

• _e IRtl_b Iiml_ M m tplN_

Iwm s4rmct_W_ m4 F-I m ,c spmm mum u_tw$ _
smmp. pl_Mq m_cttms _ u41| _et Iw
femtm4 _ eme_e_q prom.

ilmtem amine molMo tl4tmm -d- _4 memm

atom _ me m •raises.
CemmtcNtmm

Table B-2. S-II Significant Configuration Changes

m
i

ImliMttem e_ an W _-_ mime Ire elm stuile _II_e im_as _

su_gm mlSa_llW.
W_U.

;IMIf1_,_m e_ W_-_aqlm UII 81m/_s m 1_ pm m nm e_ m m

_e S_m tm tmo t_lm _emml _he q_u i_m t$ i_p mue_l _ I_lm
_lglm_e4Juted eme_lq me • m mts _e_ tm ctem_

Table B-3. S-IVB Significant Conftgmtt_ Changes

iii

k 1re_ slime e_il_ _ at

_1 clqa,_m a.oamDn, (ms) mum sm
pmn_q em io_.s _ _ aemct_eet_s.

_nc_ ef J._ _qm ti 9lm_ m _e ennm_ emN tm e_ eqlm m

qm_il_ Iflm_ emDwl ml_ Id_
_"- c ut_ mw_ m m, • ms ts sl_ t_ _kq.
m_.m¢ Pw_. 01Ek _lm mt _ _DmUw#

mm_ 0e_ mm _ mw_e_ _ m

lmwem m _m,
mmmt M _e_ "e" rtqm _lb C4m_ "d

ram.
ii

tlec_eel mmm e_ qml ml era4 emmm M ,.,,.,,.,

..,,.,
.,,.,,,,,,
,..
,,.
Js _I_ mm m _ke.

lmmm4 mc_n_l meptq Imm ime Iv faro m _ earn leem

m e$ emu_m m. I_ mlm m.
il of _ Imtll_ k I i lut _t Ib elg.mmt o gussMo "--d ¢/Wmlt.
 _o
o
o-

..d%_ . I

• _ ;,j

Table B-4. [U Significant Configuration Changes

*- .i- t ,i

st_rlJ¢ IIASml
i i u n
t all I_mmlAta I Iteiied ,e#vlltlu I fl0i Llitnll vllve (_C¥). NCW sei_ys_ is _ Ioeqwr ra_ired tO
lllctrOslC _o_lrllll_. t 1 flillY I_ flmn I,I active fulclltl diriiq tlli_r luPi*
Issocviled _d_ frp !{_. Illmck ¢4b_i_1 or fliq_t 01eflllll.

bly bottom the'_ll t_lltlq _l(_¢d_ .l_1411_d

i [{$ Nil. _ 10¢4¢ed Oe ei_b sId_ If fl lilt.
sebl Im tic.

h_oet S ol I#ttllN| liilll¢ll ili¢ fr08 the PImvldl,l • _ llell_ 14 meripze the
•60119 b_ to the 15_.
pll$1111111111 llt_"I( If_llnl illilll f_
INS If tlils|SI[ COral(Ill,

Til vtrlq If lie "S/¢ 5tNrltllm hlltr _il/es the emma4 systtm eellile s.mll,_i_t
r-lml_t$ ° If qlly Igt l! llt 105 tll|tllite' ,diet _ le_s ef q_ _ 14) Isle
|#tlf_4_ ,llJi _ _fl|li blllT ..... if Ilti _ %y,_lim Imlilt Cllmmll.
ContaCtS" ef relay t95.
P'rlvl,60d /ill Iifliff slq_ll$ viii Utl
tmblllr.al te I)ll_ll w' BIIII If UNI I._A/I.ll_.
(ll-ll s_t ti_s.

I_aelJ_iLed. "er" litlq of OlllZl oil UIII;

aid elhste41_l the Netical icr, elmtl_r I_cllp S|_J4l.
lllll li • li:.klt Iiltltf II_lll t! _ll - . ..... _ _
Se4 _uere provIm.
Idld Illillf q ill, till llIKIs. TO Illitltlll _ If Iltemllllq tll ittrl
e_ _ltldl If • liftll_ $_rltl.
IIIINIIIIIIII bleca4 Rellclr_ li NI ilq _lblrs
lld le tin P0_TIS Isseil_.
(mlml_Jthms
msm_ml ICll-10l to X25-I0_. 11 _idl I_lt_P _llld tllllqPItl_l i_.

r--_ted aNSlmm_¢s _401. 1_601 Ilml-;_l il|stl t_lSl (_lt_l _llll lid
llS_i01. IIKta_llc Ilvl cllfanllllf.

mU: TO as$t1111 alllsmmlmlt _ tll li lllllmt_

nifm _lt_lmi _ s]mc mr4s.

K381_N_

w_aN.4n_

PoO.410_

i
t
StmSl ilre _ccehssiler nlod M}_I_,_ ot
tlllrflr_q _tli Ilfllff i i' tl Ill"

i IfPtl4_ sllll Ill d_ll li_l 1re 111¢111 llil i ilflltf illlll lid :j
7 repines I_ _lm_m_ b_te_ fer T1
Iiilllttlll. !
S-Ill _ _ llltm'fli_t (111 4| II rlslt Tommm Ill • _v_ lel_
mile, II It II lllilll le Tli ir 111.

It-?
 APPROVAL

SATURNV LAUNCHVEHICLE FI.IG_fT

EVALUATIONREPORT

AS-512, APOLLO 17 HISSION

By Saturn Flight Evaluat|or_Working Group

The information in this report has been reviewed for security classifi-
T,
cation. Review of any information concerning _epartment of Defense or
Atomic Energy Commission programs ha_-been made by the MSFC Security
Classification Officer. The highest classification has been determined'
to beunciasstfted.

Stanley L. Fragge
Security Classification Officer

This _rt has been reviewed and approved for t_hntcal accuracy.

?
ueorge H. Hc_yo Jr.
Chairman, SaturnFllq_t Evaluation _rklng G_up'
L

" Her_n K. _Idn_ \

Olr§ctor, Science and Eng_r1_
JL'

j_, Richard G. _tth

-_-_aturnP_gr_ _nager
!

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