Professional Documents
Culture Documents
December 2010
2 hours
NAME: ________________________________________
_____________
Page 1 of 12
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
SECTION A
1. In an investigation into osmosis, a yam was peeled and cut into chips exactly
5mm x 5 mm x 50 mm. Three chips were placed into each of three different
sugar solutions, D, E and F, in corked tubes, and left for 24 hours. They were
then removed and their average lengths determined. The results are shown in
Table 1 below.
Table 1
Sugar solution /mol per Average length of
dm³ chips/mm
D – 0.2 55
E – 0.4 51.3
F – 0.6 45
a) Explain why the changes in average chip length were seen in solutions D
and F
D___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________[2marks]
F___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________[2marks]
(b) Which of the three solutions D, E and F has a sugar concentration nearest
to that of the yam?
_____________________________________________________________________[1mar
k]
Page 2 of 12
(c) Suggest one OTHER way in which changes to these yam chips would have
been measured.
_____________________________________________________________________[1mar
k]
(d) Explain why, in an experiment like this, all the chips should be taken from
the same yam.
____________________________________________________________________[2mark
s]
Page 3 of 12
Figure 1 shows a diagram of a kidney machine which can be used to remove waste
substances from a patient’s blood when the kidneys have failed. Small molecules such
as urea diffuse from the blood through special membranes into the surrounding
dialysis fluid which is then removed.
Figure 1.
(e) Dialysis membranes carry out one of the functions of the kidney nephron. State
the name of the part of the nephron that carries out this function.
_____________________________________________________________________[1mark]
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________[2marks]
Page 4 of 12
(g) Explain why glucose is added to the dialysis solution before it enters the machine.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________[2marks]
Total 15 marks
2. (a) Complete the statement below by writing the correct word chosen from the list
provided in brackets.
(ribosome, DNA, RNA, chromosome, cytoplasm, nucleus)
A gene consists of part of a ____________________________ molecule arranged on a
(b) Your friend Marc, completed Table 2 below to show the differences between
mitosis and meiosis. Some of his information is incorrect.
Table 2
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
1 Two cell divisions One cell division
.
2 Occurs in normal body cells Occurs in the formation of gametes
.
3 Nuclei have genes mixed by Nuclei have identical genes
. crossing over
4 Provides variation Produces clones
.
5 Ensures the haploid number of Ensures the diploid number of
. chromosomes. chromosomes
Complete table 3 below to show FIVE CORRECT differences between mitosis and
meiosis.
Table 3 – Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Page 5 of 12
5
.
[5 marks]
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(c) Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Mr and Mrs Browne have three children with
brown eyes and one child with blue eyes. Both Mr and Mrs Browne have brown eyes.
What is the genotype for the eye colour from Mr and Mrs Browne, and the genotype
of their children? Show your working.
Fertilisation
Figure 2
(a) Using label lines and the labels A to E, show the position of the following
structures on Figure 2.
A – aorta B – right atrium C – pulmonary vein
D – bicuspid valve E – left ventricle
[5marks]
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Page 7 of 12
(b) Figure 3 shows tow types of white blood cell labelled F and G
Figure 3
(i) State two ways in which the structure of cell F differs from the structure of cell G
1.____________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________[2marks]
F = _______________________________________________________________
G = _______________________________________________________________[2marks]
Cell F______________________________________________________________
Cell G_____________________________________________________________[2marks]
Page 8 of 12
(c) Red blood cells are biconcave discs with a flexible cell surface membrane. They
do not have nuclei or mitochondria but contain much haemoglobin.
Complete the table to show how these features assist red blood cells in
collecting, carrying and delivering oxygen.
Feature Explanation
Biconcave shape
No mitochondria
[4marks]
Total 15 marks
4. Table 4 shows various methods of birth control and their failure rates measured as
pregnancies per 100 women per year.
TABLE 4
Method Failure
rate/pregnancies per
100 women per year
Rhythm method 18 - 40
Cap 5 – 30
IUD (Coil) 1–6
Condom 4 – 25
Oral Contraceptive 0-3
(a) (i) Name the LEAST reliable method of birth control as indicated
in Table 1 above.
___________________________________________________________ [2 mark]
(ii) John uses a condom in an effort to prevent pregnancy. Name ONE OTHER
benefit that John derives from using a condom.
___________________________________________________________ [2 mark]
Page 9 of 12
(b) Many countries in the Caribbean use family planning as a means of controlling
population. This is achieved by the use of natural or artificial methods.
(i) Name ONE natural method of birth control.
(ii) Name TWO artificial methods of birth control, OTHER THAN the
contraceptive pill.
Artificial method:_1._______________________________________________
_2._______________________________________________________[2marks]
(c) Complete the following sentences by writing the correct word from the list given
in brackets below.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ [2marks]
TOTAL 15 marks
Page 10 of 12
SECTION B
(b) (i) Amma, the mother of an unborn child, has no knowledge of Human
and Social Biology. Explain to her, using a genetic diagram, how the
sex of the foetus is determined.
[5 marks]
(c) Discuss ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of the use of genetic
engineering for medical purposes.
[4 marks]
Total 15
marks
Page 11 of 12
6. Lifestyle diseases occur as a result of the way we live. Sometimes our choices
lead to obesity, alcoholism and sexually transmitted diseases.
(a) (i) One effect of obesity, caused by eating too much animal fat, is an
increase in coronary heart disease. Suggest TWO OTHER effects of
obesity.
[2marks]
(ii) Identify TWO school activities which you can undertake to prevent
obesity.
[2marks]
(b) Write a report on the effects of alcoholism. Your report must include:
[4marks]
[2marks]
Total 15 marks
END OF EXAM
TOTAL MARKS = 90 MARKS
If you finish before time is called, check your work on this test.
Miss Amy Heeraman
Page 12 of 12