Gurukul System is an ancient Indian

concept of education, where the

students get knowledge, by staying in
the jungles the Guru (teacher), was a
father and role-model. Traditionally,
only the Gurukul system was
followed in India. Even the Kings and
Princes, coming from a Hindu
background, had to spend their
student days, living with the teacher
(not in palatial Luxury). Gurukul
System imparted tough training on the
art of using weaponry, Vedas, music,
art and self defence. At the end of the
training, students come out as
responsible individuals.
Shantiniketan, an educational
institution established by
Rabindranath Tagore in West Bengal,
is still run according to the Gurukul
System.

T
he history of education is the history of
teaching and learning. Each generation,
since the beginning of human existence,
has sought to pass on cultural and social
values, traditions, morality, religion
and skills to the next generation.[1]
The passing on of culture is also
known as enculturation and the
learning of social values and
behaviours is socialization. The
history of the curricula of such
education reflects human history
itself, the history of knowledge,
beliefs, skills and cultures of
humanity.[2]HYPERLINK \l
"cite_note-2"[3]
In pre-literate societies, education was
achieved orally and through
observation and imitation. The young
learned informally from their parents,
extended family and grand parents. At
later stages of their lives, they
received instruction of a more
structured and formal nature, imparted
by people not necessarily related, in
the context of initiation, religion or
ritual.[4]HYPERLINK \l "cite_note-
Adeyemi-4"[5]HYPERLINK \l
"cite_note-Akinnaso-5"[6]
As the customs and knowledge of
ancient civilizations became more
complex, many skills would have
been learned from an experienced
person on the job, in animal
husbandry, agriculture, fishing,
preparation and preservation of food,
construction, stone work, metal work,
boat building, the making of weapons
and defenses, the military skills and
many other occupations.
With the development of writing,
it became possible for stories, poetry,
knowledge, beliefs, and customs to be
recorded and passed on more
accurately to people out of earshot
and to future generations. In many
societies, the spread of literacy was
slow; orality and illiteracy remained
predominant for much of the
population for centuries and even
millennia.[7] Literacy in preindustrial
societies was associated with civil
administration, law, long distance
trade or commerce, and religion.[8] A
formal schooling in literacy was often
only available to a small part of the
population, either at religious
institutions or for the wealthy who
could afford to pay for their tutors.
The earliest known universities, or
places of higher education, started
teaching a millennium or more ago.
Universal education of all children in
literacy has been a recent development,
not occurring in many countries until
after 1850 CE. Even today, in some parts
of the world, literacy rates are below 60
per cent (for example, in Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Bangladesh). Schools, colleges
and universities have not been the only
methods of formal education and
training. Many professions have
additional training requirements, and in
Europe, from the Middle Ages until
recent times, the skills of a trade were
not generally learnt in a classroom, but
rather by serving an apprenticeship.
Nowadays, formal education consists of
systematic instruction, teaching and
training by professional teachers. This
consists of the application of pedagogy
and the development of curricula.

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