MAR101 Exercises

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Introduction to MSC.MARC and MENTAT
MAR101 Workbook
January 2004
Part Number:MA*V2004*Z*Z*Z*SM-MAR101-WBK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Workshop No.
Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö ...Ö Ö 1-1
Analysis of a Rubber Seal Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö 2-1
Pin Insertion and Extraction Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö 3-1
Necking of a Test Specimen Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö 4-1
Steady State heat Transfer Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö .. 5-1
Hertz Contact Analysis Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö .. 6-1
Metal Forming of a BracketÖ Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö . Ö Ö .. 7-1
3-D Contact between Telescoping Pieces .Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö . 8-1
Transient Heat Transfer Analysis Ö ...Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö ... 9-1
Soft-Drink Canís Bottom Snap-Through Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ...Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö 10-1
Creep of a Steel Tube Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö . 11-1
Composite Laminate Telescope Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .. 12-1
Normal Modes, and Linear transient Analysis of a Box Beam Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö Ö .. 13-1
Buckling Analysis of a Box Beam Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö ..Ö ... 14-1
Interference Fit of two concentric Cylinders Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .. 15-1
Experimental Hyperelastic Data Fitting Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö ..Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö .Ö Ö Ö ... 16-1
WORKSHOP 01
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR
ANALYSIS OF A CANTILEVER BEAM
Mar101, Workshop 1, October 2003

Mar101,
Mar120, Workshop 10,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-2
Problem Description
In this exercise, a cantilever beam is subjected to a
static load. The beam is initially analyzed using small
deformation theory. However, after reviewing the
results, it becomes apparent that small deformation
theory is not appropriate for this problem.
Subsequently, a large deformation analysis is
performed and its results are compared to the small
deformation analysis.
Section A-A
(Data in next page)
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-3
a
Section A-A
Length, L 100.0 in 2.54 m

a 1.0 in 25.4 mm
b 2.0 in 50.8 mm
Youngís Modulus 30.0 x 106 lb/in3 207 GPa
Poissonís Ratio 0.3 0.3
P 6000 lb 27200 N
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-4
Problem Description (cont.)
The model is made using eight, 2D plane stress, assumed
strain, reduced integration (type 114) elements. The elements
are uniformly spaced along the length of the beam (i.e. a mesh
eight elements wide and one element deep). The assumed
strain, reduced integration element is designed specifically for
in-plane bending and is well suited for this problem.
Objectives:
Small vs. large displacement analysis.
Linear elastic theory
Required
No Supporting file is required
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-5
Suggested Exercise Steps:
1. Create simple Cantilever model as illustrated
2. Use a simple, elastic steel material
3. Run a linear analysis with default setup.
4. Run a nonlinear analysis with default setup.
5. Compare results.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-6
Step 1. Exercise Procedure
Open a new database named

Tip_load.db
a. Click FILES.
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\tip_load
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
[Enter] means clicking on that keyboardís key (ìcarriage returnî). d
RETURN refers to MSC.Marc Mentatís button with such label (below).
e
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-7
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Pts / Point Coordinates
c
d
e
b f
Create points to define a surface
a. Click MESH GENERATION.
b. Click PTS ADD.
c. Enter point coordinates (X) : 0 [Enter]. To enter data values or names,
d. Enter point coordinates (Y) : 0 [Enter]. simply click on the desired icon,
e. Enter point coordinates (Z) : 0 [Enter]. and enter the values or names in
the command panel and then hit
f. Repeat steps b-e for three additional
[Enter] on your keyboard.
points:
X Y Z
100 0 0
100 2 0
0 2 0
g. Click FILL. The point coordinates may be entered

together using spaces or commas as in:
100 0 0 [Enter]
or in:
100, 0, 0 [Enter]
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-8
Step 3. Mesh Generation: Add / Srfs / Quad
Create the surface from the four

points defined
a. Click SURFACE TYPE.
b. Click QUAD. a
c. Click RETURN (or press the
mouseís right button).
d
d. Click SRFS ADD.
With the cursor placed anywhere inside the

Vertical Menu area, pressing the mouseís right
button is equivalent to clicking on Mentatís
RETURN.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-9
e
e. Enter quad points : 1 2 3 4 [Enter]
The surface will be created

when you press [Enter] and
should look like the one here.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-10
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Convert / Surfaces to Elements
Create mesh elements

a. Click ELEMENT CLASS. a
b. Select QUAD (4).
c. Click RETURN.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-11
e
d. Click CONVERT.
e. Click DIVISIONS.
f. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and V : 8 1 [Enter].
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-12
The mesh surface will be created
g. Click SURFACES TO when you click END LIST (#).
ELEMENTS.
h. Select surface 1
(ensure DYN. MODEL
is deselected). g
i. Click END LIST (#).
j. Click MAIN.
When selecting (picking) a list of fem or

geometric entities, pressing the mouseís
right button (with the cursor anywhere h
inside the viewport) is equivalent to clicking
on Mentatís END LIST (#)
i
Notice that when the DYN.MODEL j
feature is ON you cannot select
(pick) entities from the viewport
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-13
Step 5. Material Properties: New / Isotropic
Create material property for steel a

a. Select MATERIAL PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter material name : steel [Enter]..
c
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-14
d
d. Click ISOTROPIC. e
e. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS.
f. Enter value for ëyoungs_modulusí :
30e6 [Enter].
g. Enter for ëpoissons_ratioí :
0.3 [Enter].
h. Enter value for ëmass_densityí :
0.00074 [Enter].
i. Click OK.
f
g
h
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-15
Assign material properties to the

geometry
a. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
b. Select all elements (ensure
DYN. MODEL is deselected).
c. Click END LIST (#). b
d. Click MAIN.
c
d
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-16
Step 7. Geometric Properties: New / Planar / Plane Stress
c
Create 2D geometric properties
a. Click GEOMETRIC a
PROPERTIES.
b. Select PLANAR.
c. Click PLANE STRESS.
d
d. Click THICKNESS.
f
e. Enter value for ëthickí : 1 [Enter].
f. Select ASSUMED STRAIN.
g. Click OK. g
h. Click NAME. b
i. Enter geometry property name :
beam_geom [Enter].
j. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
j
i
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-17
k. Select all elements.
l. Click END LIST (#).
m. Click MAIN.
l
m
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-18
Step 8. Boundary Conditions: New / Mechanical / Fixed Displacement
a
c
Create fixed B.C. on the left edge

of model
a. Select BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b. Select MECHANICAL.
c. Click FIXED
d
DISPLACEMENT.
d. Check ON for
DISPLACEMENT X
DISPLACEMENT Y
e. Click OK. e
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-19
i
g
f. Click NODES ADD.
g. Select left edge nodes.
h. Click END LIST (#).
i. Click NAME.
j. Enter boundary condition
name : fixed [Enter].
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-20
Step 9. Boundary Conditions: New / Mechanical / Point Load
a
f
b
Create a load to apply to the right
edge of model
a. Click NEW.
b. Click POINT LOAD.
c. Select FORCE Y ON.
d. Enter value for ëyí : c
ñ3000 [Enter].
e. Click OK.
f. Click NAME.
g. Enter boundary condition name :
tip_load [Enter].
e
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-21
h. Click NODES ADD . i
i. Select right edge nodes.
j. Click END LIST (#).
k. Click MAIN.
j
k
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-22
Step 10. Loadcases: New / Mechanical / Static
Create the loadcase

a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click MECHANICAL.
c. Click STATIC.
c
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-23
d
e
d. Click LOADS.
e. Ensure that both fixed and
tip_load loads are selected
(ON).
f. Click OK.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-24
g. Click # STEPS.
h. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1 [Enter].
i. Click OK. g
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-25
j
j. Click NAME. k
k. Enter loadcase name :
my_linear [Enter].
l. Click MAIN.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-26
Step 11. Jobs: New / Mechanical
Create the analysis job

a. Click JOBS.
c. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-27
d
d. Select LINEAR ELASTIC

ANALYSIS.
e. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS.
f. Select CONSTANT
DILATION.
g. Select ASSUMED STRAIN.
h. Click OK.
f
g
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-28
j
i. Click OK.
j. Select my_linear
LOADCASE.
k. Select PLANE STRESS.
l. Click OK.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-29
n
o
m. Click ELEMENT
TYPES.
n. Click MECHANICAL.
o. Click PLANE
STRESS.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-30
p
s
p. Click 114 (4-Node Quad.

with reduced Integration).
q. Select all elements.
r. Click END LIST (#).
s. Click OK.
t. Click MAIN.
r
t
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-31
Run the linear analysis

a. Click JOBS. c
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter job name :
linear_job1 [Enter].
d. Click RUN.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-32
e. Click SAVE MODEL.
f. Click SUBMIT (1).
e
g. Click MONITOR. f
g
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-33
h. Click STATUS FILE after
ìCompleteî appears in
STATUS box.
i. Click OK.
j. Click MAIN.
i
j
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-34
Step 13. Results: Open Default / Monitor / Def & Orig
Plot linear analysis results

a. Click RESULTS. c
b. Click OPEN DEFAULT.
c. Click DEF & ORIG.
d. Click SCALAR.
e. Select Displacement Y.
f. Click OK.
e
d
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-35
h
g. Select CONTOUR BANDS.

h. Click FILL.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-36
The maximum Y deflection of the beam can be read directly
from the displayed spectrum/range. The largest value
corresponds to a magnitude of 99.64, which is in fair agreement
with a manual calculation of 100. You may still improve this by
remeshing using two elements over the high of the section
instead of just one as you have it now. (You will be asked to do
this after you have run a nonlinear analysis using the present
mesh.)
Linear beam theory predicts the
maximum beam deflection in the Linear beam theory assumes plane section remain plane and
Y-direction and stress to be: the deflection is small relative to length of the beam. As can be
clearly seen by this analysis, the deflection is very large and this
analysis is in violation of the underlying assumptions used for
linear beam theory.
U max =
(PL )
3
=
4 PL3
These results match the linear hand calculations and also show
3EI E × ab3 that the small deformation assumption is not valid and therefore,
6,000 × (100) a non-linear, large deformation analysis needs to be performed.
3
U max = = 100 In large deformation analysis, the bending and axial stiffness are
30 × 106 × (1) × (2)
3
coupled. Thus, as the cantilever beam deflects, a portion of the
load P puts the beam in tension which tends to stiffen the beam
M max × b 6 PL
σ max = = in bending (i.e. ìgeometric stiffnessî). Thus, one would expect to
a(b )
2
I see a much smaller deformation in the large deformation
analysis as compared to the small deformation analysis. To set
6 × 6,000 × 100
σ max = = 900,000 up a large deformation analysis, one needs to change the
1 × (2)
2
analysis set-up and re-submit the job to MSC/ MARC
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-37
d
e
a
g h
Create a nonlinear
loadcase
a. Click CLOSE.
b. Click MAIN.
c. Select LOADCASES.
d. Click NEW.
e. Click NAME.
f. Enter loadcase name :
my_nonlinear
[Enter].
g. Click MECHANICAL.
h. Click STATIC.
c
b
f
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-38
j
i. Click LOADS.
i
j. Ensure that both fixed and
tip_load loads are selected
(ON).
k. Click OK.
l. Select MULTI CRITERIA.
m. Click PARAMETERS.
l m
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-39
n
n. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION

OF LOADCASE TIME.
o. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 0.04 [Enter].
p. Click OK.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-40
q
q. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.

r. Select NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE.
r
s. Click OK.
t. Click OK.
u. Click MAIN.
t
s
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-41
b
c
Create a nonlinear analysis

job
a. Select JOBS.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME. f
d. Enter job name :
nonlinear_job1 [Enter].
e. Click MECHANICAL.
f. Select my_nonlinear
loadcase.
g. Click INITIAL LOADS.
a
g
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-42
h
i
h. Deselect fixed initial

load.
i. Deselect tip_load initial
load.
j. Click OK.
k. Click ANALYSIS
OPTIONS.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-43
l
m
n
l. Select LARGE
DISPLACEMENT. o
m. Select FOLLOWER FORCE.
n. Select LARGE STRAIN-
TOTAL LAGRANGE.
o. Select LARGE STRAIN
ADDITIVE.
p. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS.
q. Select CONSTANT
DILATATION and ASSUMED p
STRAIN.
r. Click OK. s
s. Click OK.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-44
t. Select PLANE STRESS.
u. Click OK.
v. Click MAIN.
v
u
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-45
Run the nonlinear analysis

a. Click JOBS
b. Click RUN.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-46
c
c. Click SAVE MODEL.
d
d. Click SUBMIT (1).
e. Click MONITOR. e
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-47
f. Click STATUS FILE after
ìCompleteî appears in
STATUS box.
g. Click OK.
h. Click MAIN.
g
h
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-48
Step 17. Results: Open Default / Monitor / Def & Orig
Plot nonlinear analysis results

a. Click RESULTS. d
c. Click LAST.
d. Click DEF & ORIG.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select Displacement Y. f
g. Click OK.
e
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-49
i
h. Select CONTOUR BANDS.

i. Click FILL.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-50
Step 18. Compare Your Results
■ Compare the results

◆ Obtain the maximum Y deflection from the contour band plot. Enter
that value into the table below.
Small Deflection Large Deflection

MSC/MARC
Enter your results (8x1 mesh)

MSC/MARC -99.64 -58.81
Theory -100.0 -58.59
Compare with these (8x1 mesh)
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-51
As shown in the results obtained, inclusion of large
deformation effects are very important in realistically
modeling the physical behavior of the cantilever model.
Note the horizontal

displacement in the
nonlinear solution
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-52
Step 19. Improve the Results
As a final step, do the following:

1. Close the existing results.
2. Delete the existing mesh.
3. Create a new mesh that has the same number of
elements lengthwise but has two elements over
the height of the beam.
4. Modify the tip load so that the load in the center
node is still 3000 while the load on each corner
node is 1500 (for the same total of 6000 you had
before).
Why do we ask you to have
half the load on the center
node and a quarter of the
load on each corner node ?
Each of the two elements
connected to the center node
5. Run both linear and nonlinear jobs again. contributes the same stiffness
to the center node as it
contributes to the corner node
each is attached to.
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-53
6. Attach the result files and make quick
plots as before. Compare the Y-
displacements with the ones obtained
with the coarser (8x1) mesh, and the
theoretical values.

MSC/MARC
Enter your new results (8X2 mesh)
When you are done working with this model

a. Click on
b. then click on
c. and finally click on
Mar101,
1, October 2003
March 2001 WS 1-54
WORKSHOP 2
ANALYSIS OF A RUBBER SEAL
MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-2
Model Description:
In this exercise we analyze a trunk door seal. The purpose of the
analysis is to examine the stresses and deflections created during
the closing of a door. The seal is made of a rubber material and
therefore will be modeled using hyperelastic material properties.
The trunk door is considered very stiff relative to the rubber seal and
can therefore be modeled using a rigid body.

Objectives:
Large displacement/ Large strain analysis
Contact analysis using a rigid body contact
Hyperelastic material model
Required:
A file named rubber.igs in your working directory (Ask your instructor
for it if you donít see it before starting.)

1. Import the seal geometry from an IGES file.
2. Model the contact surfaces with LBC contact.
3. Create the element properties.
4. Create the Loads and BCs.
5. Submit the job to analysis.
6. Evaluate the results.

Step 1. Files: Import / Iges
Import the IGS file. c

a. Open FILES Menu.
b. Click INTERFACES IMPORT.
c. Click IGES.
d. Select rubber.igs.
e. Click OK.
f. Click RETURN. b
f
In this document:
[Enter] means clicking on that keyboardís
key (ìcarriage returnî).
RETURN refers to MSC.Marc Mentatís
button with such label (below).
e
Step 2. Files: Save As
Open a new database. Name it

Rubber.
a. Click SAVE AS.
a
b. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\rubber
c. Accept name and close the
form by clicking OK. This
action actually creates a
database file.
d. Click RETURN.
b
With the cursor placed anywhere inside

the Vertical Menu area, pressing the
mouseís right button is equivalent to
clicking on Mentatís RETURN.
d
c
a
Create mesh for the model.

b. Select CONVERT.
c. Click DIVISIONS,
d. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and V :
8 20 [Enter].
e. Click SURFACES TO e
ELEMENTS.
f. Select the surface shown in
the picture and right click to
end list. b
When creating a list of fem or

geometric entities, pressing the
mouseís right button (with the cursor
anywhere inside the viewport) is
equivalent to clicking on Mentatís END
LIST (#) f

g k
Notice that when the DYN.MODEL

g. Click DIVISIONS.
h. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and V :
20 8 [Enter].
i. Click SURFACES TO
ELEMENTS. i m
j. Select the surface shown in
end list.
k. Click DIVISIONS.
l. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and V : n
j
8 120 [Enter].
m. Click SURFACES TO
ELEMENTS.
n. Select the surface shown in
end list.
o. Right click on left panel to
return.
h
l
Step 4. Mesh Generation: AutoMesh / Apply Crv Divs
Create automesh for the surface.

a. Back in the MESH
GENERATION menu,
select AUTOMESH.
b. Select CURVE DIVISIONS.
c. Click # DIVISIONS.
d. Enter the division number:
130 [Enter]. a
e. Click APPLY CURVE e
DIVISIONS.
f. Select the very bottom curve
(curve 5) and right click to
end list.
b f
d
g k
g. Click # DIVISIONS.
h. Enter the division number:
10 [Enter].
i. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS. h
j. Select the curves shown in the l
picture (curves 12 and 6) and
right click to end list.
i m
k. Click # DIVISIONS.
l. Enter the division number:
50 [Enter].
m. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS.
n. Select the curves shown in the
n

o s
o. Click # DIVISIONS.
p. Enter the division number:
60 [Enter].
q. Click APPLY CURVE p
DIVISIONS. t
r. Select the curve shown in the
picture (curve 9) and right
click to end list. u
s. Click # DIVISIONS. q
t. Enter the division number:
8 [Enter].
u. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS.
v. Select the curves shown in the
w. Right click to return. r
v

x. Click 2D PLANAR MESHING.
y. Select QUAD MESH! y
z. Select the curves shown in the
picture (curves from 5 thru 12) x
and right click to end list.
In a few seconds you will see
a mesh generated in the area
enclosed by the selected
curves.
aa.Click MAIN.
aa

Step 5. Mesh Generation: Sweep / All
Remove duplicated nodes.

b. Click SWEEP.
c. Select ALL.
d. Click MAIN.
d
b

a
f
b
Create Boundary Conditions. c
a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NEW. e
c. Click NAME.
d
d. Enter boundary condition
name: base-fix [Enter].
e. Select MECHANICAL. g
f. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT. i
g. Check DISPLACEMENT
X, and
DISPLACEMENT Y.
h. Click OK.
h
i. Click NODES ADD.
j. Select all the nodes at the
very bottom of the model
and end list by clicking
mouse right button (Try
using ZOOM IN function).
k. Return to the main menu j
by clicking mouse
right button (twice).

Step 7. Material Properties: New / Mooney
Create Material Properties. f

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NEW. a
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter material name: b
rubber [Enter].
c
e. Click MECHANICAL MATERIAL
TYPES: MORE.
f. Click MOONEY.
g. Click C10.
h. Enter value for ëc10í:
80 [Enter] and d
Enter value for ëc01í: e
20 [Enter]
i. Click OK.
g
k. Click ALL EXIST. j
l. Click MAIN.
k
l
h
i
Step 8. Geometric Properties: New / Planar / Plane Strain
Create Geometric Properties. f

PROPERTIES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
b
d. Enter geometry property name:
c
seal [Enter].
e. Select PLANAR.
f. Select PLANE STRAIN.
g. Click THICKNESS. d
e
h. Enter value for ëthickí:
1 [Enter].
i. Click OK.
j. Click ELEMENTS ADD. g
j
k. Click ALL EXIST.
l. Click MAIN.
k
i
l
h
Step 9. Contact: New / Contact Bodies / Rigid
Create Contact bodies.
a. Click CONTACT. c
b. Click CONTACT d
BODIES.
c. Click NEW. b
d. Click NAME.
e. Enter contact body f
name: door [Enter]
f. Select RIGID.
g. Select VELOCITY
PARAMETERS. a l
h. Click VELOCITY X.
i. Enter value for ëvxí: g
ñ0.08 [Enter] and
Enter value for ëvyí:
ñ0.8 [Enter].
j. Click OK.
k. Click OK. e
l. Click CURVES ADD.
m. Select all three curves
on the top (curves 4,
1, and 3) and right h
click to end list. n
n. Click FLIP CURVES.
o. Select all three curves
on the top and right
click to end list. (This k
ensures that rigid m
body markers are o
above the curves -see
image in next page.) i
j
q
r
p. Turn ID CONTACT ON
q. Click NEW.
r. Click NAME. u v
s. Enter contact body name:
rubber [Enter].
t. Select DEFORMABLE.
u. Click OK. s
v. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
w. Click ALL EXIST.
x. Click MAIN.
The rigid body markers must be
directed towards the inside of the p
rigid body bounded by the curves
representing it.

Step 10. LoadCases: New / Mechanical / Static
Create Load Cases.

a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter loadcase name:
close_door [Enter].
d. Select MECHANICAL.
e. Select STATIC.
f. Select MULTI-CRITERIA.
g. Click PARAMETERS. f g
a

h
h. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION j

OF LOADCASE TIME.
i. Enter loadcase parameter
value: 0.1 [Enter].
j. Click TIME STEP SCALE k
FACTOR. l
k. Enter loadcase parameter
value: 2 [Enter]. m
l. Select AUTOMATIC
CRITERIA
m. Click # CUT BACKS
ALLOWED.
o
n. Enter loadcase parameter
value: 5 [Enter].
o. Click OK.
p. Click OK.
q. Click MAIN.
q
n
lp
Step 11. Jobs: New / Mechanical / Static
Create Jobs.
a. Click JOBS.
c. Select close_door. c
d. Select PLANE STRAIN.
e. Click JOB RESULTS.
e d

i
f. Select TOTAL STRAIN. j

g. Click OK.
h. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS. k
i. Select LARGE
DISPLACEMENT.
j. Cycle through selection and
select LARGE STRAIN- h
TOTAL LAGRANGE.
k. Cycle through selection and
select LARGE STRAIN
m
ADDITIVE.
l. Click OK.
m. Click OK. l

o
n. Click ELEMENT TYPES.

o. Select MECHANICAL.
p. Select PLANE STRAIN
SOLID. p
q. Select 118.
r. Click OK.
s. Click ALL EXIST. n
t. Click RETURN twice.
s
r
v
u. Click RUN.
v. Click SAVE MODEL w
w. Click SUBMIT (1)
x
x. Click MONITOR (to monitor
the status while the program is
running.)
y. Once the program is
completed, click OK.
z. Click MAIN.
y
z

Step 11. Results: Open Default / Monitor / Def Only
b
h
Check the results:

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
d. Click CONTOUR BANDS. d
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select EQUIVALENT TOTAL
STRAIN.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click MONITOR.
g
a. Click on
b. then click on

WORKSHOP 3
PIN INSERTION AND EXTRACTION

Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-2
■ Model Description
◆ This is a representative pin-clip ensemble of the sort widely used in
various industries to attach separate components. Typically it is
desired that the material remain in the elastic range and that the
inserting force be smaller than the extracting force to facilitate the
assembly and make an accidental dismembering difficult. The pin
(shaped like a key) is pushed into and then pulled out of a clip
attached to a wall.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-3
■ Objective
◆ Resolving a difficult-to-converge problem.
◆ Plot Insertion and Extraction Forces over the load history.
◆ Resolving snap-contact with static analysis.
■ Required
◆ A file name pin_insert.dat in your working directory (Ask your
instructor for it if you donít see it before starting.)
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-4
■ Suggested Exercise Steps
1. Import mesh from a MARC .dat file.
2. Create MPC to apply load/BCs to single nodes for easy reaction
force recovery.
3. Define materials and properties.
4. Setup separate Insertion and Extraction load steps.
5. Setup analysis with appropriate options as advised for job to
converge.
6. Run and monitor analysis.
7. Import and post-process results.
■ Reference
◆ Nonlinear Analysis of a Pin Insertion, by Sergio Adeff,
Proceedings Abaqus Usersí Conference, Newport, Rhode Island,
1998.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-5
CREATE NEW DATABASE
Pin_Insert

Pin_Insert
a. Open FILES Menu
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\Pin_Insert
d. Accept name and close the
database file.
e. Click RETURN.
c Pin_Insert
In this document:
e
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-6
Step 1. Files / Import
h
a
Pin_Insert
Import the neutral mesh file. c

a. Open FILES Menu.
b. Click INTERFACES IMPORT.
c. Click MARC INPUT.
d. Select pin_insert.dat.
e. Click OK.
f. Click RETURN. b
g. Click MAIN. f
h. Click FILL.
With the cursor placed anywhere inside the

Vertical Menu area, pressing the mouseís
right button is equivalent to clicking on
Mentatís RETURN. k:\mentat\Pin_Insert
e
g
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-7
Step 2. Links: Add Ties / Nodes / N to 1 Ties
a
Create the links.
a. Open LINKS Menu.
b. Click NODAL TIES.
c. Click N TO 1 TIES.
When selecting (picking) a list of fem

or geometric entities, pressing the
mouseís right button (with the cursor
anywhere inside the viewport) is
equivalent to clicking on Mentatís END
LIST (#)

Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-8
Linked nodes
g
Retained node
e
The links will show as

pink markers radiating
from Node 1630.
d. Click NODE 1.
e. Select the retained
(independent) node.
f. Click ADD TIES.
g. Select linked (dependent)
nodes.
h. Right Click to end list.
Make sure that the
TYPE reads 100.
Make sure that you selected

the correct nodes when you
are done with action e.
f
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-9
i. Click NODE 1.
Linked nodes
j. Select retained l
(independent) node.
k. Click ADD TIES.
l. Select linked (dependent) j
Retained node
node.
m. Right Click to end list.
k
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-10
n
Linked nodes
q
Retained node
n. Click NODE 1. o
o. Select retained
(independent) node.
p. Click ADD TIES.
q. Select linked (dependent)
node. (select all around) p
r. Right Click to end list.
s. Click MAIN. The purpose of using links is to
move the key towards and then
away the clip using a single node
(there is a node 1629 in the
center of the keyhole). This will
allow us to later recover the
driving force (and the driving pair) s
which is an essential feature of a
pin insertion and extraction
design.
Similarly the other two links

(MPCs) already created allow the
calculation of a couple of
(reaction) supporting forces.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-11
Step 3. Material Properties: New / Isotropic / Add Elements
To enter data values or names,

simply click on the desired icon, b
and enter the values or names in
[Enter] on your keyboard. d
Create the material property for the clip a

bottom.
a. Open MATERIAL PROPERTIES c
Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter material name : e
clip_bottom [Enter]. g
d. Click ISOTROPIC. i
f. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulusí : 4600
[Enter].
g. Click POISSONíS RATIO.
h. Enter value for ëpoissons_ratioí :
0.33 [Enter].
i. Click MASS DENSITY.
j. Enter value for ëmass densityí:
1e-006 [Enter].
k. Click OK.
k
f
h
j
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-12
For better view, click PLOT form the
bottom menu, then click SOLID
under ELEMENTS. Lastly, click
REGEN to create a better image.
m
l. Click ELEMENTS ADD.

m. Select the elements in the
bottom part of the clip. (they
are colored in purple in the
model shown)
n. Right Click to end list. o
o. Click ID MATERIAL. (this
action will show if you have
l
selected the right elements)
These are the elements

selected as the bottom part
of the clip. Compare these
with your selection.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-13
u
w p
y q
p. Click NEW.
q. Click NAME.
r. Enter material name :
Clip_top [Enter].
s. Click ISOTROPIC.
t. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS. t
u. Enter value for v
ëyoungs_modulusí : 2300 x
[Enter].
v. Click POISSONíS RATIO.
w. Enter value for ëpoissons_ratioí :
0.33 [Enter].
x. Click MASS DENSITY.
y. Enter value for ëmass_densityí :
1e-006 [Enter].
z. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-14
bb
aa. Click ELEMENTS ADD.

bb. Select the elements in the top
part of the clip. (they are
colored in orange in the
model shown)
cc. Click END LIST (#).
aa
cc

selected as the top part of the
clip. Compare these with
your selection.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-15
ii dd
kk
mm ee
gg
ff
dd. Click NEW.

ee. Click NAME.
ff. Enter material name:
Key [Enter].
gg. Click ISOTROPIC.
hh. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS. hh
ii. Enter value for jj
ëyoungs_modulusí : ll
2300 [Enter].
jj. Click POISSONíS RATIO.
kk. Enter value for
ëpoissons_ratioí:
0.33 [Enter].
ll. Click MASS DENSITY.
mm. Enter value for ëmass_density:
1e-006 [Enter].
nn. Click OK.
nn
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-16
oo
qq
rr
pp
oo. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
pp. Select all elements in the key
shaped part. (they are
colored in red in the model
shown)
qq. Click END LIST (#).
rr. Click MAIN.

selected as the key part.
Compare these with your
selection.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-17
Create the element property for the

clip bottom half.
a. Open GEOMETRIC a
PROPERTIES Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter geometry property name:
all [Enter].
d. Select MECHANICAL
ELEMENTS PLANAR. e
e. Select PLANE STRESS.
f. Click THICKNESS.
g. Enter value for ëthickí :
0.1 [Enter]. c
h. Click OK.
g h
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-18
j
i. Click ELEMENTS ADD.

j. Select all elements.
k. Click END LIST (#).
l. Click ID GEOMETRIES. (this
action will show if you have
selected the right elements)
m. Click MAIN.
l
i
k
m
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-19
b
a
d
Set the displacement boundary

c
condition for the upper corner of the
clip.
a. Open BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter boundary condition name
: Clip_top [Enter].
e
d. Click MECHANICAL.
e. Click FIXED DISPLACEMENT.
f. Click DISPLACEMENT X.
g. Enter value for ëxí :
0 [Enter].
h. Click DISPLACEMENT Y.
i. Enter value for ëyí :
0 [Enter]. f g
j. Click OK. i
h
j
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-20
k
l
m
k. Click NODES ADD.
l. Select Node 1630.
m. Click END LIST (#).
The model will look like this

after you have created the
boundary condition.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-21
n
o
n. Click NEW. p
o. Click NAME.
p. Enter boundary condition
name: Clip_bottom [Enter].
q. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT. s
r. Click DISPLACEMENT X.
s. Enter value for ëxí :
0 [Enter].
t. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-22
u
w
u. Click NODES ADD.
v. Select Node 1631.
w. Click END LIST (#).
The model will look like this

after you have created the
boundary condition.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-23
x
y
aa
x. Click NEW. z
y. Click NAME.
z. Enter boundary condition
name : Key [Enter].
aa. Click FIXED cc
DISPLACEMENT.
bb. Click DISPLACEMENT X. ee
cc. Enter value for ëxí :
-3.9 [Enter].
dd. Click DISPLACEMENT Y.
ee. Enter value for ëyí :
0 [Enter].
ff. Click OK.
bb
dd
ff
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-24
hh
gg. Click NODES ADD.

hh. Select Node 1629.
ii. Click END LIST (#).
jj. Click MAIN.
gg
ii
jj
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-25
Step 6. Contact: New / Contact Bodies / Deformable
Define the clip as a contact body.

a. Open CONTACT Menu.
a c
b. Click CONTACT BODIES.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter contact body name :
Clip [Enter]. d e
e. Click DEFORMABLE.
f. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-26
g
h
g. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
h. Select all elements in the
clip part using rectangle
picking as shown. (Be
careful not to pick
elements at the tip of the
key part.)
i
The model will look like

this after you have
selected the elements.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-27
j
k
j. Click NEW.
k. Click NAME.
l. Enter contact body name :
Pin [Enter].
m. Click DEFORMABLE. l
n. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-28
o
p
o. Click ELEMENTS
ADD.
p. Select all elements
in the key part
using rectangle
picking as shown.
(Be careful not to
pick elements at the q
tip of the clip part.)
r
q. Click END LIST (#).
r. Click MAIN.
The model will look like

this after you have
selected the elements.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-29
If you want to make sure that you
have chosen the elements for the
right places, click ID CONTACT.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-30
Step 7. Boundary Condition: New / Mechanical / Table
a
b
Create a table.
a. Open BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS Menu.
b. Click MECHANICAL. d
c. Click TABLES.
d. Click NAME. e
e. Enter table name :
Table_1 [Enter].
c
The LIMITS in this table will control
the displacement of the pin.
The X table value will be assigned

as time and the Y time value will be
used as time multiplier for the given
displacement of the pin.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-31
g
f i
h k
n
m
j
l o
f. Click MIN. p
q
g. Enter minimum value for V1:
0 [Enter].
s
h. Click MAX. r
i. Enter maximum value for V1 :
2 [Enter].
j. Click YMIN.
k. Enter minimum value for F :
0 [Enter].
l. Click YMAX.
m. Enter maximum value for F :
1 [Enter].
n. Click STEPS. You can simplify this procedure by
clicking on the first label, XMIN,
o. Enter number of steps for V1 : entering the corresponding value,
10 [Enter].
and then keep entering the
p. Click STEPS. subsequent values, one at a time
q. Enter number of steps for F : without having to press on each
10 [Enter]. subsequent label.
r. Click DATA POINTS: ADD
s. Enter independent variable V1 value : 0
[Enter].
Enter function value F : 0 [Enter].
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-32
t
t. Enter independent variable V1 value :

1 [Enter].
u. Enter independent variable V1 value :
2 [Enter].
u
This table represents that at 0 sec, the

pin will be located at the original place.
From 0 to 1 second the pin will move
into the Clip for the displacement of ñ
3.9. From 1 to 2 second, the pin will
come out from the pin and the final
place will be the original place.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-33
x
v. Click TABLE TYPE.

w. Click time. w
x. Click RETURN.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-34
y
y. Select Key as the NAME.

z. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
aa. Click X DISPLACE
TABLE.
bb. Select Table_1.
cc. Click OK.
dd. Click MAIN.
aa
cc
bb
dd
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-35
Step 8. Load Cases: New / Mechanical / Static
Setup the 2-steps Nonlinear Static

Analysis.
a. Open LOADCASES Menu. c
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter loadcase name :
insert [Enter].
e. Click STATIC.
a e
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-36
f g
.
f. Click MULTI - CRITERIA. h
g. Click PARAMETERS. j
h. Click INITIAL FRACTION l
OF LOADCASE TIME. n
j. Click MINIMUN FRACTION
OF LOADCASE TIME. i
value : 1e-4 [Enter]. k
l. Click MAXIMUM
FRACTION OF LOADCASE m
TIME.
m. Enter loadcase parameter o
n. Click MAXIMUM # STEPS.
value : 88 [Enter].
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-37
p
r n
p. Click SET. t
q. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 10 [Enter].
q
r. Click TIME STEP SCALE
FACTOR.
s. Enter loadcase parameter s
t. Click OK. u
u. Click CONVERGENCE x
TESTING.
v. Check AUTO SWITCH.
w. Click RELATIVE FORCE
TOLERANCE.
x. Enter loadcase parameter
v
y. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-38
z
.
z. Click SOLUTION
CONTROL.
aa. Click MAX # bb
RECYCLES.
bb. Enter loadcase
parameter value : 25
[Enter].
cc. Select NON-POSITIVE
aa
DEFINITE
dd. Click OK. cc
dd
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-39
ee
.
ee. Click CONTACT.
ff. Check that both Clip and
Pin are highlighted.
gg. Click OK.
hh. Click OK.
ff
hh
gg
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-40
ii
. jj
ii. Click COPY.
jj. Click NAME.
kk. Enter loadcase name : kk
extract [Enter].
ll. Click MAIN.
ll
The first loadcase, insert, runs from time 0 to time 1.
The second loadcase, extract, is copied from the first one but will run from time 1 to time 2.
The time table Table_1 controls the total displacement, which goes from 0 to ñ3.9 (total insertion) in the first
loadcase and then from ñ3.9 to 0 (back to the original extracted position in the second loadcase.
MSC.Marc requires the use of separate loadcases if the load will change through time like in this problem.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-41
Select Load Cases.

a. Open JOBS Menu.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-42
f
j insert
c
extract
c. Select insert and extract.

d. Click PLANE STRESS.
e. Click CONTACT CONTROL.
f. Click ADVANCED CONTACT
CONTROL.
g. Click DISTANCE
TOLERANCE BIAS.
h. Enter job parameter value : e
0.99 [Enter].
i. Click OK.
j. Click OK. k
k. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.
d
i h
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-43
l
l. Uncheck LARGE m
DISPLACEMENT.
m. Cycle through selection and n
select LARGE STRAIN
TOTAL LAGRANGE.
n. Cycle through selection and
select LARGE STRAIN
ADDITIVE.
o. Click OK.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-44
insert
extract
p. Click JOB RESULTS.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-45
q
q. Select Stress.
r. Select Total Strain. (scroll
down to select)
s. Select Equivalent Von Mises
Stress. u
t. Click OK.
u. Click OK.
v. Click MAIN.
v
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-46
Step 10. Jobs: New / Mechanical / Run
b
Run results.
a. Open JOBS Menu.
b. Click ELEMENT TYPES.
c. Click MECHANICAL. c
d. Click PLANE STRESS.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-47
e
e. Select 3.
f. Click OK. g
g. Select ALL EXIST.
h. Click MAIN. h
i. Open JOBS Menu.
j. Click RUN.
k. Click SAVE MODEL
l. Click SUBMIT (1) j
k
l
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-48
m. Click STATUS FILE.
m
Wait until the MSC.Marc finishes

running. When the STATUS says
ìcompleteî, then click Status file.
The details of status file is copied on the next three pages of

the workshop.
Those details may change somewhat from version to version

of MSC.Marc because of improvements made to the
automatic stepping algorithm.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-49
Beginning of Largest allowed load
insertion (Step 1) increment: 0.02
Some nodes
separate
(lose contact)
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-50
Largest number of
cycles (iterations)
during insertion: 79
Most difficult
moment (snap in)
during insertion End of insertion
Beginning of
extraction (Step 2)
Largest number of
separations: 11
Most difficult
moment (snap out)
during extraction
Largest number of
cycles (iterations)
during extraction: 60
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-51
Normal termination
code
Total number of End of extraction

load increments
n. Click OK.
o. Click MAIN.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-52
Step 11. Results: Open Default / Def Only / Monitor
b
h
f
Monitor results.
a. Open RESULTS Menu.
b. Click OPEN DEFAULT. c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
d. Click CONTOUR BANDS d
e. Click SCALAR
f. Select Equivalent Von Mises
Stress
g. Click OK
h. Click MONITOR. e
g
This animates the

deformation as the insertion
and extraction occurs.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-53
Step 12. Results: History Plot / Set Nodes / Time
Create the History Plot for the reaction b

force.
a. Click HISTORY PLOT.
b. Select SET NODES.
c. Select the 3 independent
(control) Nodes (1629-1631)
d. Click END LIST (#).
d
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-54
g
e. Click COLLECT GLOBAL f

DATA.
f. Click NODES/VARIABLES.
g. Select ADD VARIABLE.
h. Select GLOBAL VARIABLES
Time. j h
i. Select VARIABLES AT NODES
Reaction Force X. l
j. Click ADD NODE.
k. Select 1629 from the NODES. k
l. Click Fit.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-55
The history plot should look
like this after you select all
the steps.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-56
a. Click on
b. then click on
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-57
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
3, October
March 2001
2003 WS 3-58
WORKSHOP 4
NECKING OF A TEST SPECIMEN
Symmetry Plane
Symmetry Plane

Mar120,
Mar101, Workshop 10, March 2001
4, October 2003 WS 4-2
◆ In this lesson, you will stretch an 8 inch long planar steel bar by
1.65 inches (i.e. more than 20% of its length). This elastic-plastic
problem will demonstrate the importance of the concept of true
stress (or Cauchy stress) in non-linear analysis. This test specimen
will be modeled using a quarter symmetry model.
Mar120,
■ Objective
◆ Large Deflections/Strains analysis
◆ Elastic-Plastic material model using isotropic hardening
■ Required
◆ No supporting file is required.
Mar120,
1. Create a 4x1 inch surface in the XY plane Model the
contact surfaces with LBC contact
2. Mesh the model with 16x4 mesh of QUAD/4 elements.
3. Fix the vertical and horizontal lines of symmetry of the bar
and pull the other end by 1.65 inches.
Mar120,

Necking.
a. Open FILES Menu
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\Necking
database file.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
e
Mar120,
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Pts / XYZ

simply click on the desired icon, a
b
Create 4 points.
a. Click on MESH
GENERATION. d
b. Click on PTS ADD.
c. Enter the Points in the c
following table using the
format as shown press enter
after each point. (make sure to
leave a space between each
number when entering the
coordinates)
Points Coordinates
1 [0, 0, 0]
2 [0, 1, 0]
3 [4, 1, 0]
4 [4, 0, 0]
d. Click FILL.
Mar120,
h
a
b
f
Create a surface using the points

that were created.
g
a. Click PLOT.
c
b. Click POINTS SETTINGS.
c. Check LABELS
d. Click REGEN.
e. Click RETURN twice.
d
f. Click SRFS ADD.
g. Click on point 2 first, then e
select the other points in the
counter-clockwise direction.
h. Click on FILL.
Mar120,
Create the mesh using Convert.

a. Click CONVERT.
b
b. Click DIVISIONS.
c. Enter the number of convert d
divisions in U and V : 9 27
[Enter].
d. Click BIAS FACTORS.
e. Enter the convert bias factors
in U and V : 0 -.312 [Enter]. a
e
Mar120,
f
f. Click GEOMETRY /
MESH SUFACES TO
ELEMENTS.
g. Select the surface.
h. Click END LIST(#).
i. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-10
Step 5. Material Properties: New / Tables / Plastic_Strain
c
a
Create the material properties. d
a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click TABLES.
c. Click NEW.
d. Click 1 INDEP. VARIABLE
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-11
e
e. Click TABLE TYPE.

f. Click eq_plastic_strain.
g. Click OK.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-12
j
h. Click on SHOW TABLE.

i. Click DATA POINTS: ADD
and then enter the data
from the table below:
Strain Stress
0 2842
0.002 4897
0.005 6095
0.015 8045
i
0.045 10682
0.125 13934
0.35 18225 h
0.5 18400
2 18500
j. Click on FIT.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-13
l
m
n
o
k. Click RETURN.
l. Click NEW.
m. Click NAME. p
n. Enter material name : MAT1
[Enter].
o. Select ISOTROPIC.
p. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS.
q. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulusí : 1e7 r
[Enter]
and Enter value for
ëpoissons_ratioí : 0.33 [Enter].
r. Click ELASTIC-PLASTIC.
q
k
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-14
s. Click INITIAL YIELD
STRESS.
t. Enter value for ëyield_stressí :
1 [Enter]. x
u. Click TABLE (PLASTIC
STRAIN).
v. Select Table1. v
w. Click OK.
x. Click OK.
s u
t
w
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-15
y. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
z. Click ALL EXIST.
aa. Click RETURN.
aa
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-16
d
f
Create Geometric Properties.
a. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES.
a
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter geometry property
name : TEST_SPECIMEN. g
e. Select PLANAR.
f. Select PLANE STRESS.
g. Click THICKNESS.
h. Enter value for ëthickí : 1
[Enter].
i
h
i. Click OK.
k. Click ALL EXIST. b j
l. Click MAIN.
c
k
l
e
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-17
a
f
b
c
Create Load Boundary Conditions.
a. Select BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS. e
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
name : Symmetry_vertical. g
f. Select FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
j
g. Check ON X DISPLACE. h
h. Click OK. i
i. Click NODES ADD.
j. Select all the nodes on the
left hand side, then right
click to end list.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-18
t
k
Notice that when the
l
DYN.MODEL feature is ON
you cannot select (pick)
entities from the viewport n
k. Click NEW. m
l. Click NAME.
m. Enter PULL_AT_END as
the new name.
n. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
o. Click DISPLACEMENT X
p. Enter value for ëxí : 1.65 When creating a list of fem or
[Enter] geometric entities, pressing the
mouseís right button is equivalent
q. Click DISPLACEMENT Y s to clicking on Mentatís END LIST (#)
r. Click OK.
s. Click NODES ADD.
t. Select all the nodes on the
right hand side, then right
click to end list. oo
q
p r
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-19
t
u
aa
t. Click NEW.
u. Click NAME.
v. Enter boundary condition
name : Symmetry_horiz.
w. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
x. Click ON for Y DISPLACE.
y. Click OK.
z. Click NODES ADD.
aa. Select all the nodes on the
z
top, then right click to end list.
bb. Click MAIN.
bb
y
v
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-20
Step 9. LoadCases: New / Mechanical / Static
b
c
Create Load Cases:

a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter loadcase name : f
NECKING_JOB1.
f. Click STATIC.
g. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.
a
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-21
h
j
l
h. Click MAX # RECYCLES.

value : 25 [Enter].
j. Click MIN # RECYCLES.
value : 10 [Enter].
l. Select NON-POSITIVE m
DEFINITE.
m. Click OK.
n. Select CONVERGENCE n
TESTING.
o. Check AUTO SWITCH.
p. Click OK.
o
p
i
k
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-22
t
v
x
z
q. Select MULTI-CRITERIA. bb
r. Click PARAMETERS.
q r
s. Click INITIAL FRACTION
OF LOACEAS TIME.
t. Enter loadcase parameter s
value : .0225 [Enter]. u
u. Click MINIMUM FRACTION w
OF LOADCASE TIME.
v. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1e-5 [Enter]. dd
w. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION y
OF LOADCASE TIME. aa
value : .35 [Enter].
y. Click SET.
z. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 10 [Enter].
aa. Click TIME STEP SCALE
FACTOR.
bb. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1 [Enter]. cc
cc. Click OK.
dd. Click OK. ee
ee. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-23
Create a Job:
a. Click on JOBS.
b. Click NEW.
c. Select MECHANICAL.
d. Click NECKING_JOB1.
e. Select PLANE STRESS.
f. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS. d
f
e
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-24
g
j
g. Select LARGE h
DISPLACEMENT.
h. Cycle through selection and
select LARGE STRAIN
ADDITIVE.
i. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS. k
j. Select CONSTANT
DILATATION.
k. Click OK.
l. Click OK. i
m. Click JOB RESULTS.
l
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-25
o
p
o. Select Equivalent Von Mises
Stress.
p. Click OK.
r
q. Click INITIAL LOADS.
r. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS CLEAR.
s. Click OK.
t. Click OK.
t
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-26
v
u. Click ELEMENT TYPES.

v. Select MECHANICAL.
w. Select PLANE STRESS.
x. Click 3.
y. Click OK.
z. Click ALL EXIST. w
u
aa. Click RETURN twice.
aa
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-27
bb. Click RUN. cc
cc. Click SAVE MODEL
dd. Select SUBMIT (1). dd
ee. Click MONITOR. ee
ff. Click OK.
gg. Click MAIN.
bb
ff
gg
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-28
b
h
Read the Results.

a. Click RESULTS. c
c. Select DEF ONLY.
d. Click SCALAR. g
e. Select Equivalent
Von Mises Stress.
f. Click OK.
g. Select CONTOUR BANDS. d
h. Click MONITOR.
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-29
Equivalent Von Mises Stress
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-30
j
i. Click SCALAR.
j. Select DISPLACEMENT X.
k. Click OK.
l. Click MONITOR.
k
di
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-31
Displacement X

a. Click on
b. then click on
Mar120,
4, October 2003 WS 4-32
WORKSHOP 5
STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER

MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-2
Model Description
In this Exercise, the following structure will be subjected to the
designated thermal (temperature and convective) loading and
analyzed to determine the steady-state temperature distribution.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-3
Objective
Demonstrate the use of thermal analysis with temperature loading.
Required
A file named thermo.dat in your working directory (Ask your
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-4
Suggested Exercise Steps
1. Import the FEM mesh from a MARC .dat file.
2. Create the temperature fields.
3. Create the material properties.
4. Create the Loads and BCs.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-5
CREATE NEW DATABASE
K thermo

thermo.
a. Open FILES Menu. b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\thermo
form by clicking OK.
c thermo
In this document:
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-6
Step 1. Files: Import / Iges
Import the IGS file. b

a. Click IMPORT under
INTERFACE.
b. Click MARC INPUT
c. Select thermo.dat.
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN. a
f. Click RETURN. e
*.dat
c thermo.dat
When appropriate, pressing the

W5 \ thermo.dat
d
f
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-7
Step 2. Material Properties: New / Table / Time
To enter data values or names, b

simply click on the desired icon,
[Enter] on your keyboard. c
Define temperature dependent a

material property table for
conductivity.
a. Open MATERIAL
PROPERTIES Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter material name :
stainless_17-4_pH
[Enter].
d. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
e. Select the entire geometry
as shown.
f. Right Click to end list.
Pressing the mouseís d

right button (with the
cursor anywhere inside
the viewport) is Notice that when the
equivalent to clicking on DYN.MODEL feature is ON
Mentatís END LIST (#) e you cannot select (pick)
entities from the viewport
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-8
m
i
j
.
g. Click TABLES.
h. Click SHOW TABLE
i. Click TYPE.
j. Select TEMPERATURE as the
TABLE TYPE.
k. Click DATA POINTS: ADD
l. Enter tabular data point (V1) : 100
[Enter]
Enter tabular data point (F) : k
14.6538 [Enter].
Similarly enter values at T=600, g
and 1400 from the table below.
h
T Value
100 14.6538
600 22.6087 l
1400 31.8197
m. Click FIT.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-9
Your graph should look
like this after clicking FIT.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-10
n. Click RETURN.
o. Click HEAT TRANSFER. o
Make sure that you have all

of 1488 elements selected
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-11
p
p. Click ISOTROPIC TABLE.

q. Select table1.
r. Click OK.
s. Click MAIN.
q
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-12
Step 3. Boundary Conditions: New / Thermal / Fixed Temperature
b
c
a
Create a boundary condition for the

geometry.
a. Open BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter boundary condition
name: left_bottom [Enter].
d. Select THERMAL.
e. Select FIXED
TEMPERATURE.
f. Check ON for e
TEMPERATURE (TOP).
g. Enter value for ët ë: 50
[Enter].
h. Click OK.
f
g
h
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-13
i. Click NODES ADD.
j. Select the nodes as
shown.
k. Right Click to end list.
i
j
Make sure you have selected all

55 elements as the left edge
The geometry may need to
be rotated in order to select
the face. Pay attention to
the coordinate system
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-14
l
l. Click RESET VIEW and

then FILL at the bottom.
m. Click RETURN.
The geometry should show arrows

indicating the boundary condition
created for the left edge
m
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-15
n
o
p
r
q
n. Click NEW.
o. Click NAME.
p. Enter boundary condition
name : right_back
[Enter].
q. Select THERMAL.
r. Select FIXED
TEMPERATURE.
s. Check ON for
TEMPERATURE (TOP).
t. Enter value for ët í : 135
[Enter].
u. Click OK.
s
t
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-16
v. Click NODES ADD.
w. Select the node as
shown.
x. Right Click to end list.
Make sure you have selected all

55 elements as the right edge
The geometry may need to
be rotated in order to select
the face. Hint: The View
Angles on this plot: 0, -90, 0.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-17
y
y. Click RESET VIEW at

the bottom.
z. Click RETURN.

created for the right edge
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-18
aa
bb
cc
dd
aa. Click NEW.

bb. Click NAME. ee
cc. Enter boundary condition
name : convection
[Enter].
dd. Select THERMAL.
ee. Select FACE FILM. bb
ff. Check FILM (TOP) to ON
Enter value for ëh ë: 20
[Enter].
gg. Type 30 as the SINK
TEMPERATURE ff
hh. Click OK. ff
gg
gg
hh
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-19
kk
ii. Click SELECT.

jj. Cycle through selection
and select PLANE as
Method.
kk. Click Ö FACES.
jj
ii
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-20
Simply click one node on
each face as you rotate the
geometry around.
ll
ll. Select all four faces

as shown.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-21
You should see 96
elements selected
mm. Click RETURN.

nn. Click FACES ADD.
oo. Click ALL SELECT.
nn
oo
mm
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-22
You should see 96
elements selected
pp. Click MAIN.

pp

created for the convection
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-23
Step 4. Geometric Properties: New / Heat Transfer / 3-D Solid
e
Create a geometric property for the
geometry. a
a. Open GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES Menu.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter geometry property name :
prop_thermal [Enter].
d. Click HEAT TRANSFER: 3-D. f
e. Click SOLID.
f. Click OK.
g. Click ELEMENTS ADD. b
c
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-24
h. Select the entire geometry as
shown and right click to end
list (#). h
i. Click MAIN.
You should see 1488

elements selected
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-25
Step.6 Loadcases: New / Heat Transfer / Steady State
Create a loadcase for the geometry.

a. Open LOADCASES Menu.
b. Click HEAT TRANSFER.
c. Click STEADY STATE.
d. Click OK.
e. Click MAIN.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-26
Step 7. Jobs: New / Heat Transfer
Submit the job and run the analysis.

a. Open JOBS Menu.
b. Click HEAT TRANSFER.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-27
After selecting lcase1 from the
available loadcases, lcase1 will
appear on the selected side
c
c. Select AVAILABLE lcase1.

d. Click JOB RESULTS.
e. Select Temperature
(Integration Point) from the
AVAILABLE ELEMENT g
SCALARS.
f. Click OK.
g. Click INITIAL LOADS. d
f
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-28
h
h. Click CLEAR. (this action

deselects the initial conditions)
i. Click OK.
j. Click OK.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-29
l
k. Click ELEMENT TYPES.

l. Click HEAT TRANSFER.
m. Click 3-D SOLID.
n. Select 43 under HEX and
FULL INTEGFRATION.
o. Click OK.
p. Click ALL EXIST. k
q. Click MAIN.
n
p
o q
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-30
r. Open JOBS Menu.
s. Click RUN.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-31
t. Click SAVE MODEL t
u. Click SUBMIT (1) u
v. Click MONITOR.
w. Once analysis is completed, v
click OK.
x. Click MAIN.
A successful analysis shows 3004 as

the exit number. There should be
only 1 increment showing.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-32
Read the results.

a. Open RESULTS Menu.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click LAST.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-33
f
f. Click PLOT.
g. Uncheck DRAW
NODES.
h. Click REGEN.
i. Click RETURN.
h
This action generates the
image without any nodes,
creating a better view.
i
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-34
k
l
j. Click SCALAR PLOT

SETTING.
k. Click # LEVELS. j
l. Enter the number of contour
levels : 30 [Enter].
This action generates 30

levels of colors instead of
the default color at 10.
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-35
a. Click on
b. then click on
MAR101, Workshop10,
March 2001 WS 5-36
WORKSHOP 6
HERTZ CONTACT ANALYSIS

Mar120,
◆ A steel cylinder with a radius of 5î is pressed against a 2î deep
aluminum base. The problem is linear except for the contact
condition between the two parts. The problem is similar to the
Hertz contact problem described by Timoshenko and Goodier
(1951).
Mar120,
■ Objective
◆ Demonstrate the use of structural analysis with pressure loading
and contact condition starting from an initial state exhibiting a gap
or space between the two bodies.
■ Required
◆ No supporting file is needed for this exercise
Mar120,
1. Create geometry.
2. Create mesh elements.
3. Edit and verify direction of vector field
4. Create material and element properties.
5. Create loads and boundary condition.
6. Submit the job for structural analysis.
Mar120,

Hertz.
a. Open FILES Menu
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\HERTZ
database file.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
e
Mar120,
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Pts / Point Coordinates
Create the Geometry

a. Select MESH GENERATION.
b. Select PTS ADD.
c. Enter point coordinates (X) : 0 0 0 b
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (X) : -5 0 0
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (X) : 0 ñ5
0 [Enter] d
d. Select CRVS ADD.
e. Enter line points : 1 [Enter]
Enter line points : 2 [Enter]

simply click on the desired icon, c
Mar120,
i
f. Select CURVE TYPE.

f g
g. Select CENTER / POINT /
POINT (ARC-CPP).
h. Click RETURN.
i. Select CRVS ADD. 2 1
j. Select Point 1 as the Center

point, and select Point 2 and
3 as the other two points.
h
3
Mar120,
Step 3. Mesh Generation: Subdivide / Curves
b
Subdivide the curves.
a. Click SUBDIVIDE.
d
b. Click DIVISIONS.
c. Enter number of divisions in
f
the U, V and W : 20 1 1
[Enter].
e. Enter bias factor in the U, V
and W : 0.376 0 0 [Enter].
f. Select CURVES.
g. Select Curve 2 and Curve 3.
h. Right click to end list.
i. Click RETURN. 3 2
When appropriate, pressing the g
i
c
e
Mar120,
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Automesh / Apply Crv Divisions

mouseís right button is equivalent b
to clicking on Mentatís END LIST (#)
Create Mesh for the model.

a. Click AUTOMESH. c
b. Select CURVE DIVISIONS.
c. Select FIXED # DIVISIONS
and click # DIVISIONS.
d. Enter the division number : 8
[Enter].
a
e. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS.
f. Select Curve 1 (the curve on
the top).
g. Right click to end list.

f feature is ON you cannot select
(pick) entities from the viewport e
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-10
h
h. Click # DIVISIONS.
i. Enter the division number : 1
[Enter]. k
j. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS.
k. Select all the curves except
Curve 1.
l. Right click to end list
j
m. Click RETURN.
m
i
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-11
o
n. Select 2D PLANAR
MESHING.
o. Click QUADRILATERALS
(ADV FRNT) QUAD MESH !.
p. Click ALL EXIST.
q. Click RETURN twice.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-12
Step 5. Plot: Draw / Nodes & Faces
f
a
b
c
Hide the nodes and faces to give a

clearer picture of the model
a. Click PLOT
b. Uncheck DRAW NODES.
c. Click ELEMENT: SETTINGS d
d. Uncheck FACES.
e. Click REGEN.
f. Click FILL.
g. Click RETURN twice.
g
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-13
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Sweep / Points
Remove the unused points b

a. Select SWEEP.
b. Click REMOVE UNUSED
POINTS.
c. Click RETURN.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-14
Step 7. Mesh Generation: Set / XYZ
Change the Coordinate System.

a. Click SET.
b. Click SET ORIGIN.
c. Enter origin coordinates : ñ8 ñ5.1 0
[Enter]. a
d. Click RETURN.
d b
c
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-15
Step 7. Mesh Generation: Add / Srfs
Create a rectangular surface.

a. Select SRFS ADD.
b. Enter quad points : point (0,0,0)
[Enter].
Enter quad points : point (8,0,0) a
[Enter].
Enter quad points : point (8,-2,0)
[Enter].
Enter quad points : point (0,-
2,0) [Enter].
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-16
Create Mesh for the rectangular

surface.
a. Select CONVERT.
b. Click DIVISIONS.
c. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and V : 22 10 f
[Enter].
e. Enter the convert bias factors a
in U and V : 0.3492 ñ0.1852
[Enter].
f. Click SURFACES TO
ELEMENTS.
g. Select the rectangular surface.
h. End List and return to the
previous page clicking mouse g
right button.
c
e
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-17
Step 9. Mesh Generation: Duplicate / Rotations & Translations /
Elements
d
Duplicate the Elements.
a. Click DUPLICATE.
b. Click ROTATIONS f
c. Enter the duplicate rotations in
X,Y and Z : 0 180 0 [Enter].
d. Click TRANSLATIONS.
e. Enter the duplicate
translations in X,Y and Z :
16 0 0 [Enter].
f. Click ELEMENTS.
a
g. Select All EXIST.
h. Click RETURN.
h
c
e
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-18
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-19
Remove the duplicated nodes.

a. Click SWEEP.
b. Select ALL.
c. Click RETURN.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-20
Step 11. Plot: Draw / Faces
i
a
b g
Show faces to allow easier selection f

of the model
a. Click PLOT
b. Select ELEMENT:
SETTINGS.
c. Check FACES.
d. Check SOLID.
e. Right click to return. bd
f. Select SURFACES:
SETTINGS.
g. Uncheck SOLID.
h. Click REGEN.
i. Click FILL.
j. Click RETURN twice.
c
h
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-21
Step 12. Mesh Generation: Check / Flip Elements
d
Flip the Surfaces.
a. Select CHECK.
b. Click ID BACKFACES.
c. Click FLIP ELEMENTS.
d. Select the elements that
are facing the wrong
direction.
e. Return to the main menu
by double clicking the
right mouse button. a
b
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-22
d b
Create the Material properties. a

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Select ISOTROPIC. c
c. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS.
d. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulusí : 3e7
[Enter] and enter value for
e. Click OK.
f. Click NAME
g. Enter material name : STEEL
[Enter].
h. Click Elements ADD.
e h
i. Select the semi circle only and
end list by clicking mouse right
button.
i
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-23
j
k
l
m
o
j. Click NEW. n
k. Click NAME.
l. Enter material name ALUM
[Enter].
m. Click ISOTROPIC.
n. Click YOUNGíS
MODULUS.
o. Enter value for
ëpoissons_ratioí : 0.33
[Enter].
p. Click OK. p
q. Click Elements ADD. q
r. Select the rectangular
model and right click to end
list. r
s. Click MAIN. s
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-24
Step 14. Plot: Draw / Nodes
d
a
Turn on the node labeling

a. Click PLOT
b. Click DRAW NODES.
c. Click REGEN.
d. Click FILL.
e. Click RETURN.
e
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-25
c
d
e
a
f
Create the Boundary Conditions.

a. Select BOUNDARY
b
CONDITIONS.
c. Click NEW.
d. Click NAME. g
e. Enter boundary condition
name : CLOSE_GAP
[Enter].
f. Select. FIXED
DISPLACEMENT. i
g. Click DISPLACEMENT Y. j
k
h. Enter value for ëyí : ñ0.10001
[Enter].
i. Click OK.
j. Click NODES ADD.
k. Select all the nodes on the top
then right click to end list.
h
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-26
l
m
n
o
l. Click NEW. s
m. Click NAME.
n. Enter boundary condition
name : HOLD_IT [Enter].
o. Select FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
p. Check ON DISPLACEMENT
X.
q. Click OK.
r. Click NODES ADD.
s. Select nodes 46 and 48 then r
p
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-27
t
u
w
v
t. Click NEW.
u. Click NAME.
v. Enter boundary condition
name : Fix_Base_Y [Enter].
w. Select FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
x
x. Check ON for
DISPLACEMENT Y. z
y. Click OK.
z. Click NODES ADD.
aa. Select the nodes on the very y
bottom of the rectangular then
aa
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-28
bb
cc
dd
ee
bb. Click NEW.

cc. Click NAME.
dd. Enter boundary ii
condition name :
Fix_Base_X [Enter].
ee. Select FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
ff. Check ON for
DISPLACEMENT X.
gg. Click OK.
hh. Click NODES ADD. hh
ii. Select the node (7th one
from bottom) shown in
the graph then end list
ff
by clicking right mouse
button.
gg
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-29
jj
kk
ll
oo
mm
rr
jj. Click NEW.
kk. Click NAME.
ll. Enter boundary condition
name : PUSH_IT_DOWN
[Enter].
mm. Select EDGE LOAD.
nn. Click PRESSURE.
oo. Enter 10000 [Enter].
pp. Click OK.
qq. Click EDGES ADD.
qq
rr. Select all the element
edges on the top of the
semi-circle, then right click
to end list.
ss. Click MAIN.
nn ss
pp
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-30
c
d
e f
Create contact bodies

a. Click CONTACT.
b. Click CONTACT BODIES. h
a
c. Click NEW.
d. Click NAME.
e. Enter contact body name :
PLATE [Enter].
f. Select DEFORMABLE. b
g. Click OK.
h. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
i. Select all the elements in
rectangle then right click to
end list.
g
i
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-31
j
k
j. Click NEW.
oo
k. Click NAME.
l. Enter contact body name :
CYLINDER [Enter].
n
m. Click DEFORMABLE.
n. Click OK.
o. Click ELEMENTS ADD. p
p. Select all the elements in
semicircle then right click to
end list.
q. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-32
Create Geometric Properties. c

a. Select GEOMETRIC
a
PROPERTIES.
b. Select PLANAR.
c. Select PLANE STRAIN.
d. Click OK.
e. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
f. Click ALL EXIST.
g. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-33
b
c
d
j
Create load cases
a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter loadcase name : FIRST e
[Enter].
f
d. Select MECHANICAL.
e. Select STATIC.
f. Click LOADS.
g. Uncheck PUSH_IT_DOWN.
h. Click OK.
a
i. Click # STEPS
j. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1 [Enter].
i
g
h
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-34
n
k. Click CONVERGENCE
k
TESTING.
l. Check AUTO SWITCH.
m. Click OK.
n. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.
o. Check NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE.
p. Click OK.
q. Click OK.
o q
m
p
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-35
t s
r
u
aa
v
r. Click COPY.
s. Click NAME.
t. Enter loadcase name :
SECOND [Enter].
u. Click STATIC.
v. Click LOADS.
w. Deselect CLOSE_GAP and
select PUSH_IT_DOWN. y
x. Click OK.
y. Click MULTI-CRITERIA and w
click PARAMETERS.
z. Click SET for DESIRED #
RECYCLES / INCREMENT.
aa. Enter loadcase parameter w
value : 10 [Enter].
cc
x
bb. Click OK.
cc. Click OK.
dd. Click MAIN. dd
z
bb
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-36
Create Jobs.
a. Select JOBS.
c. Select MECHANICAL.
d. Select PLANE STRAIN
SOLID.
e. Select 11.
f. Click OK.
b
g. Select the whole geometry
and then end list by clicking
mouse right button; return to
the previous menu by clicking a c
right mouse button twice.
f d
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-37
h. Click MECHANICAL.
i. Select FIRST and SECOND
loadcases in order.
j. Select PLANE STRAIN.
k. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS. i
l. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS.
m. Check CONSTANT
DILATATION.
n. Click OK. m
o. Click OK.
h
k
j
l
o
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-38
q
r
p. Click INITIAL LOADS.
q. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS
CLEAR.
r. Click OK.
s. Click JOB RESULTS.
p
t. Select EQUIVALENT
VON MISES
STRESS.
u. Click OK. s
v. Click OK.
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-39
x
w. Click RUN.
x. Click SAVE JOB y
y. Click SUBMIT (1). z
z. Click MONITOR.
aa. Click OK.
bb. Click MAIN.
aa
bb
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-40
b
h
Read the Results.

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select EQUIVALENT VON
MISES STRESS.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click MONITOR.
g
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-41
a. Click on
b. then click on
Mar120,
6, October 2003 WS 6-42
WORKSHOP 7
METAL FORMING A BRACKET
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-1
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-2
◆ A flat sheet is formed into an angled bracket by punching it through
a hole in a rigid table. The cylindrical punch drives the sheet
(workpiece) to a total stroke of 0.3 inch. The punch then returns to
its original position. This exercise makes use of simple,
straightforward movements of rigid bodies.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-3
■ Objective
◆ Illustrate setting up a multi-step analysis and the use of rigid
surfaces charged with shaping a malleable workpiece.
■ Required
◆ No supporting file is required for this problem.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-4
1. Create the rigid surfaces.
2. Create the workpiece, and mesh it.
3. Apply Boundary Conditions, and Contact Bodies.
4. Create 2 Loadcases.
5. Create, and Submit the Analysis Job.
6. Post-process Results.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-5

bracket
a. Open FILES menu
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\bracket
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
e
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-6
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Set / Domain

simply click on the desired icon, a
Change the coordinate system d

a. Select MESH
GENERATION.
b. Click GRID.
c. Click SET.
d. Click V DOMAIN.
e. Enter rectangular model grid b
minimum y: -0.7 0.4 [Enter]
c
f. Click FILL.
g. Click RETURN.

to clicking on Mentatís RETURN.
f
g
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-7
Step 3. Mesh Generation: Add / Curve / Line
Create five curves:

a. Click CURVES ADD.
b. Enter line points:
a
point(1, 0, 0) [Enter]
point(.3, 0, 0) [Enter]
point(.3, 0, 0) [Enter]
point(.3, -.6, 0) [Enter]
point(.3, -.6, 0) [Enter]
point(-.3, -.6, 0) [Enter]
b
point(-.3, -.6, 0) [Enter]
point(-.3, 0, 0) [Enter]
point(-.3, 0, 0) [Enter]
point(-1., 0,0) [Enter]
Note: You can pick the end points of the curves

by either picking from the appropriate grid
locations, or by typing exactly as shown.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-8
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Add / Curve / Fillet
Create two fillet curves e

a. Click CURVE TYPE.
a
b. Click FILLET
c. Click RETURN
d. Click CURVES: ADD
e. Pick right horizontal curve
and right vertical curve,
f. Enter Fillet radius: 0.1 [Enter]
g. Pick left horizontal curve
and left vertical curve,
h. Enter Fillet radius 0.1 [Enter] b
g
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-9
Step 5. Mesh Generation: Add / Curve / Center/Radius
d
Create a circular curve
b. Click CIRCLES: CENTER/RADIUS
c. Click RETURN.
a
d. Click CURVES ADD.
e. Enter center point coordinates:
0, .2, 0 [Enter].
f. Enter circle radius: .1 [Enter]
b
e c
f
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-10
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Add / Elements / Subdivide
a d
Create the mesh for the workpiece.
a. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
b. Pick the following points to
create an element:
node(-.9, 0, 0) f
node(.9, 0, 0)
node(.9, .1, 0)
node(-.9, .1, 0)
c. Click SUBDIVIDE b
d. Click DIVISIONS
e. Enter number of division in the
U,V and W: 30 3 1 [Enter].
f. Click ELEMENTS
g. Click ALL: EXISTING
h. Click RETURN
h
e
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-11
Remove duplicate nodes. b

a. Click SWEEP.
b. Select ALL.
c. Click RETURN.
d. Click RENUMBER
e
e. Click ALL
f. Click MAIN
c
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-12
d b

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES. c
b. Select ISOTROPIC.
d. Enter value for
e. Click OK.
f. Click NAME
g. Enter material name : STEEL
[Enter].
h. Click Elements ADD. e h
i. ALL: EXISTING.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-13
Step 9. Material Properties: New / Tables / Eq_Plastic_Strain
h
i
c
d
Input the stress strain data.

a. Click TABLES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Make sure itís 1 INDEP. VAR.
d. Click TYPE
e. Pick eq_plastic_strain
f. Click FORMULA
g. Click ENTER.
f
h. Enter formula :
5e4*(1 + (v1)^.6) [Enter]
g
i. Click FIT a
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-14
a
b
Create the Punch position history g
a. Click NEW
b. Make sure itís 1 INDEP. c
VAR. d
c. Click TYPE
d. Click time
e. Click DATA POINTS: ADD
f. Enter tabular data point :
0, 0 [Enter]
.5, -.3 [Enter]
1, 0 [Enter]
g. Click FIT.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-15
m
j
h. Click SHOW MODEL.
i. Click RETURN.
j. Click ISOTROPIC.
k. Click
ELASTIC_PLASTIC.
l. Click INITIAL YIELD
STRESS.
m. Enter value for
ëyield_stressí : 1 [Enter]. l n
n. Click TABLE.
o. Pick table1.
p. Click OK. p
q. Click OK. o
r. Click MAIN.
k
r
i
q
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-16
a
f
b
c
Create the Symmetry Boundary
Condition.
a. Select BOUNDARY e
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
name : symmetry_x [Enter] d
f. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
g. Check DISPLACEMENT X
h. Click OK. g
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-17
i. Click NODES ADD.
j. Select all the nodes on the x=0
line, except the node touching
the circle.
j
k. Click END LIST (#)
l. Click Main.
k
l
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-18
Create a deformable contact body

a. Click CONTACT.
c. Click DEFORMABLE. a g
d. Click OK.
e. Click NAME.
f. Enter contact body name : b
workpiece [Enter].
h. Click ALL:EXISTING
d
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-19
Step 12. Plot: Label / Curves
b
d
b
c
Label curves
a. Click PLOT.
b. Unselect the following:
DRAW: NODES
DRAW: POINTS
c. Select CURVES: SETTINGS.
d. Check LABELS.
e. Click REGEN.
f. Click RETURN twice.
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-20
a
b
c
d
Create rigid body

a. Click NEW.
b. Click NAME. e f
c. Enter contact body
name : punch
[Enter].
d. Click RIGID
e. Click POSITION. g i
f. Click PARAMETERS
for Position.
g. Click POSITION: Y
h. Enter value for ëpyí: 1
[Enter]. l
i. Click TABLE. h
j. Pick table2
k. Click OK
l. Click OK
j
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-21
m. Click ADD for CURVES.
n. Select the circular curve.
o. Click END LIST (#). m
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-22
p
q
p. Click NEW.
q. Click NAME.
r. Enter contact body name : u
table [Enter].
s. Select RIGID.
t. Click OK.
r
u. Click CURVES: ADD
v. Pick all curves except the t
circle.
w. Click END LIST (#)
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-23
x. Click ID Contact.
y. Click Flip CURVES.
z. Pick curve 5 (left fillet) z
aa. Click END LIST (#)
bb. Click Main.
x
y
aa
bb
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-24
Create load cases

a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NAME.
e
c. Enter loadcase name : push
[Enter].
e. Click STATIC.
f. Click TOTAL LOADCASE
TIME.
g. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 0.5 [Enter]. a f
h. Click # STEPS. h
value : 50 [Enter].
g
i
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-25
j. Click CONVERGENCE
TESTING.
j
k. Click DISPLACEMENTS
l. Click OK.
m. Click OK.
k
l
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-26
n
p o
q
s
u
n. Click NEW
o. Click NAME.
p. Enter loadcase name :
release [Enter].
q. Click STATIC
r. Click # STEPS
s. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 20 [Enter].
t. Click TOTAL LOADCASE
TIME. t
u. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 0.5 [Enter]. r
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-27
v
v. Click CONVERGENCE TESTING
w. Click DISPLACEMENT
x. Click REL./ABSOLUTE
y. Click MIN. DISP. CUTOFF
z. Enter loadcase parameter value : w
1.E-5 [Enter]. x
aa. Click MAX. ABS. DISP.
bb. Enter loadcase parameter value :
1.E-5 [Enter].
cc. Click OK
z
bb
y
aa
cc
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-28
dd
dd. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.
ee. Select NON-POSITIVE DEF.
ff. Click OK.
gg. Click OK.
hh. Click MAIN.
ee
gg
hh
ff
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-29
Create an analysis job b

a. Click JOBS
c. Select push and release
loadcases, in that order.
d. Select PLANE STRAIN. c
e. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.
e
d
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-30
i
j
f. Pick LARGE DISPLACE.
g. Pick Plasticity Procedure:
LARGE STRAIN ADDITIVE
h. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS.
i. Check CONSTANT f
DILATATION.
j. Click OK.
k. Click OK.
l. Click JOB RESULTS.
g
l
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-31
r
m
m. Select:EQUIVALENT
VON-MISES STRESS and
TOTAL EQUIVALENT
PLASTIC STRAIN. n
n. Click OK.
o. Click CONTACT
CONTROL
p. Click ADVANCED
CONTACT CONTROL
q. Click SEPARATION
FORCE. p
r. Enter job parameter t
s. Click OK. o q
t. Click OK.
u. Click OK.
u
s
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-32
Step 16. Jobs: Run / Submit 1
Submit the analysis job.
a. Click RUN. b
b. Click SAVE MODEL c
c. Click SUBMIT (1).
d
d. Click MONITOR.
e. Click OK.
f. Click MAIN.
e
f
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-33
b
h
Read Results, and postprocess.

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select TOTAL EQUIVALENT
PLASTIC STRAIN.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click MONITOR.
g
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-34
i
i. Click SKIP TO
INCREMENT.
j. Enter increment to skip
to: 50 [Enter].
j
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-35
k
.
k. Click SKIP TO INCREMENT.
l. Enter increment to skip to: 70
[Enter].
l
Mar120, Workshop 7,
Mar101, 10,October
March 2001
2003 WS 7-36
WORKSHOP 8
3-D CONTACT BETWEEN
TELESCOPING PIECES

Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-2
◆ This ensemble represents two telescoping, cutout cylindrical pieces;
the outer one fixed to a wall; the inner one fixed to a rigid surface that
act as a driver; the driver rotates about a horizontal axis at the center
of the cylinder on the wall, carrying the glued section of the inner
piece. Contact occurs between the tubes.
Rigid, Moving ì Driverî Surface

(Glued to inner Tube)
Rigid, Fixed ì Wallî Surface
(Glued to Outer Tube)
3-D Deformable-to-Deformable Contact
Movie
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-3
■ Objective
◆ Resolving a 3-D deformable body contact problem.
■ Required
◆ An MSC.Patran neutral file named tubes_mesh.out in your
working directory. (It should be provided together with this training
material.)
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-4
1. Import mesh from a Patran neutral File.
2. Create two surfaces at opposite ends of the tubes; one to represent
the rigid wall (to which the outer tube is to be glued); the other to
represent the rigid driver (glued to the inner tube).
3. Define materials and properties.
4. Define all four contact bodies (two deformable bodies and one rigid
body).
5. Setup analysis with appropriate options as advised for job to
converge.
6. Run and monitor analysis.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-5
CREATE NEW DATABASE
K 3d_tubes

3d_tubes.
a. Open FILE Menu. b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\3d_tubes
form by clicking OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c 3d_tubes
In this document:
When appropriate, pressing
the mouseís right button is
equivalent to clicking on
e Mentatís RETURN.
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-6
Step 1. File: Import / Patran
3d_tubes
Import the neutral mesh file.

a. Open FILES Menu. c
b. Click IMPORT from
INTERFACES.
c. Click PATRAN.
d. Type *.out in the FILTER.
e. Select tubes_mesh.out. b
f. Click OK.
g. Click MAIN. d
f
g
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-7
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Rotate / Point Coordinates

feature is ON you cannot select a
Create the local coordinate system

and the surfaces.
a. Open MESH GENERATION
Menu.
b. Click SET.
c. Click ROTATE.
d. Enter local coordinate system
rotations : 0 15 0 [Enter].
e. Right Click to return.

to clicking on Mentatís END LIST (#)
c
d
The new system is now rotated
15 about the main coordinate.
b
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-8
g
f. Click PTS ADD.

g. Enter point coordinates (X) : 2.5 You should see the four points
[Enter] as shown in the figure here.
Enter point coordinates (Y) : 2.5
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (Z) : 0
[Enter]
h. Repeat the same procedure
following the table below:
X Y Z
2.5 2.5 0
-2.5 -2.5 0
-2.5 2.5 0
2.5 -2.5 0

Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-9
i
This creates a surface to

i. Click SRFS ADD. j which the outer cylinder
j. Click the four points (start will later be glued to
from the upper left point, keep its end fixed in both
and go clockwise). translation and rotation.
Hints: Set Angles to

(VIEW/
MANIPULATE MODEL)
0, -15, 0]
Mar120, Workshop
MAR101, Workshop10,
8, October
March 2001
2003 WS 8-10
l
k. Click DUPLICATE.
l. Click TRANSLATIONS.
m. Enter the duplicate translations
in X, Y and Z : 0 0 27 [Enter]. n
n. Click SURFACES.
o. Select the previously created
surface. m
p. Click END LIST (#).
q. Click MAIN.
k
o
This creates a surface to
which the inner cylinder
will later be glued to
rotate the end of the tube
about the X axis of the
new coordinate system.
p
q
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You should see two surfaces
after the duplication.
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Create ìwallî rigid body

a. Click CONTACT.
b. Click CONTACT BODIES. a c
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter contact body name : wall
[Enter].
e. Select RIGID. e
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f
f. Select POSITION.
g. Click OK.
h. Click SURFACES ADD.
i. Select the surface as shown. g
(click the surface that is
connected to the outer tube)
j. Right click to end list.
You should see

one surface added.
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k. Click ID BACKFACES.
l. Click FLIP SURFACES.
m. Select the surface as shown.
(click the surface that is
connected to the outer tube)
n. Right Click to end list.
o. Click MAIN.
m k
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Create ìdriveî rigid body

a. Click CONTACT.
c
b. Click CONTACT BODIES. a d
c. Click NEW.
d. Click NAME.
e. Enter contact body name : drive
[Enter]. f
f. Select RIGID.
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g j
i
h
g. Select POSITION.
h. Click FRICTION COEFFICIENT.
i. Enter value for ëfrictioní : 0.1
[Enter].
j. Click PARAMETERS.
p
k. Click ANGLE (RAD).
l. Enter value for ëprotí : 0.0872665
[Enter].
m. Click ROTATION AXIS X. k
n. Enter value for ëaxí : .965925
[Enter]
Enter value for ëayí : .0 [Enter] m
Enter value for ëazí : -.258819
[Enter].
Rotation Axis Value l
X 0.965925
Y 0 n
Z -0.258819
o. Click OK.
p. Click OK. o
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q. Click SURFACES ADD.
r. Select the surface as shown.
q
s. Right click to end list.
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The nodes have been
cleaned off for a better view.
t. Click MAIN.
The geometry will look like

this when you click ID
BACKFACES. Make sure that
both surfaces have the ìfront /
insideî facing outward.
t
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u
v
u. Click PLOT.
v. Uncheck DRAW
SURFACES.
w. Click REGEN.
x. Click MAIN.
x
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Step 5. Mesh Generation: Store / Elements / Set
Create groups separately holding

the elements of the inner and outer
cylinders
b. Click SELECT.
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c
c. Click ELEMENTS STORE.

d. STORE ELEMENTS INTO
NEW SET: inner.
e. Click OK.
f. Use Polygon Picking (hold d
down the control button on
your keyboard as you e
enclose the elements) to
collect the elements in the
inner cylinder. (They will
appear as green after being
selected as depicted.)
g. Right Click to end list.
f
Rotate the geometry (0, -15, 0).
Donít pick elements from the outer

tube.
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i
h. Click VISIBLE SETS.

i. Click NONE as visible for
inner.
j. Click OK.
The inner cylinder will

j disappear after setting
the visibility to none.
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You should see ìinnerî
elements stored.
k
k. Click STORE.
l. STORE ELEMENTS INTO
NEW SET: outer.
m. Click OK.
n. Select the entire geometry.
o. Right Click to end list. l
m
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q
r
p. Click VISIBLE SETS.
q. Select ALL for both inner
and outer.
r. Click OK.
s. Click ID SETS. After viewing, click off
t. Click MAIN. the ID SETS. p
s
You should see two different

sets, inner and outer.
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Step 6. Material Properties: New / Mooney
b
c
Create the material properties for the

a
model. d
a. Click MATERIAL PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter material name : rubber e
[Enter].
d. Click MORE.
e. Select MOONEY.
f. Click C10.
g. Enter value for ëc10 ë: 80
[Enter]. f
h. Click OK.
i. Click ELEMENTS ADD. g
h
i
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j. Select the entire model.
k. Right click to end list.
l. Click MAIN.
You should see 3978

elements added.
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Define the outer tube as a contact

body. c
d
a. Click CONTACT. a e
c. Click NEW. f
d. Click NAME.
outer [Enter].
f. Select DEFORMABLE.
g. Click FRICTION
COEFFICIENT.
h. Enter value for ëfrictioní : 0.1 g
[Enter].
i. Click OK.
i
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j. Click SELECT.
k. Click VISIBLE SETS. o
l. Click NONE as visible for
inner.
m. Click OK.
n. Click RETURN.
o. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
l
j m
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Only the outer cylinder will
appear on your screen.
p. Select the entire model.

q. Right click to end list.
r. Click MAIN.
You should see 2066

elements added.
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Define the inner tube as a contact

body. c
d
a. Click CONTACT. a e
c. Click NEW. f
d. Click NAME.
inner [Enter].
f. Select DEFORMABLE.
g. Click FRICTION COEFFIENT.
h. Enter value for ëfriction ë: 0.1
[Enter]. g
i. Click OK.
h
i
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j. Click SELECT.
k. Click VISIBLE SETS. p
l. Click ALL for visible for
inner.
m. Click NONE as visible for
outer.
n. Click OK. l
o. Click RETURN. m
p. Click ADD.
j n
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Only the inner cylinder will
appear on your screen.
q. Select the entire model.

r. Right Click to end list.
s. Click MAIN.
You should see 1912

elements added.
Before returning to s
main, make the entire
geometry visible.
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Step 9. Contact: New / Contact Tables / Properties
Create a contact table.

a. Click CONTACT. c
b. Click CONTACT TABLES.
c. Click NEW. a
d. Click PROPERTIES. d
e. Edit the Contact Table (It
looks like a Matrix) so that
the outer body touches (T) g
itself and the inner body,
and it is glued (G) to the
wall rigid body. The inner
body touches the outer
body and it is glued to the
drive rigid body.
f. Click OK.
e
g. Click MAIN.
f
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Create a loadcase.
a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click MECHANICAL.
d. Click STATIC.
d
a
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e
e. Click CONTACT.
f. Click CONTACT TABLE.
g. Select ctable1.
h. Click OK.
i. Select MULTI-CRITERIA.
j. Click SOLUTION i g
CONTROL.
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k
k. Check NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE.
l. Click OK.
m. Click CONVERGENCE
TESTING.
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n
n. Check AUTO SWITCH.

o. Click OK.
p. Click OK.
q. Click MAIN.
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Setup and launch Nonlinear Static

Analysis.
a. Click JOBS.
d. Click 3-D SOLID.
d
c
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e
e. Select 84. f
f. Click OK.
g. Click ALL EXIST.
h. Click RETURN twice.
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i
i. Click MECHANICAL.
j. Select lcase1. j
k. Click CONTACT CONTROL.
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The Coulomb friction model is always the best starting
method even if you plan to later use another model. Friction
models are prone to produce nonconvergence problems, and l
the Coulomb model is often the most stable. It is better to
isolate sources of difficulties. Often it is best to get Coulomb
friction to work first before attempting another friction model.
m
l. Select COULOMB. n
m. Select NODAL STRESS. o
n. Click RELATIVE SLIDING
VELOCITY.
o. Enter job parameter value : 0.1
[Enter].
p. Click ADVANCED CONTACT p
CONTROL.
q. Click DISTANCE TOLERANCE t
BIAS.
r. Enter job parameter value :
0.99 [Enter].
s. Click OK.
t. Click OK.
q
r
If a node is within the contact tolerance, it is considered to be in contact with
the segment. The contact tolerance is calculated by the program as the
smaller of 5% of the smallest element side or 25% of the smallest (beam or
shell) element thickness. Read the note in the next page about the Bias
Distance Tolerance which may have a value between 0 and 1. The value 0.99
used here means most of the contact distance is within the contact bodies.
s
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Bias Distance Tolerance: The size of the contact tolerance has a An effective compromise is to bias the
significant impact on the computational costs and the accuracy of tolerance area so that a smaller
the solution. If the contact tolerance is too small, detection of distance is on the outside surface than
contact is difficult, leading to higher costs. Also many nodes are on the inside surface. This is done by
more likely to be considered penetrating leading to increase in entering a bias factor. The bias factor
increment splitting, therefore, increasing the computational costs. should have its value between 0.0 and
If the contact tolerance is too large, nodes are considered in 1.0. The default is 0.0 or no bias.This
contact prematurely, resulting in a loss of accuracy. Furthermore, results in good accuracy and
nodes might ìpenetrateî the surface by a large amount. reasonable computational costs. In
analyses involving frictional contact, a
u. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS. bias (recommended value: 0.95 - 0.99)
to the contact core is found beneficial
Bias = 0.0
to facilitate convergence.
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v
z
v. Select LARGE aa
DISPLACEMENT.
w. Select ADVANCED
OPTIONS.
x. Select CONSTANT
DILATION.
y. Click OK.
z. Cycle through selection and
select LARGE STRAIN-
TOTAL LAGRANGE.
aa. Cycle through selection and w
select LARGE STRAIN
ADDITIVE. bb
bb. Click OK.
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cc. Click JOB RESULTS.
cc
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dd. Select Total Strain.
ee. Select Equivalent Von
Mises Stress.
ff. Click OK.
dd
ee
ff
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gg. Click JOB PARAMETERS.
gg
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hh. Click SOLVER.
ii. Select DIRECT SPARSE.
jj. Click OK.
kk. Click OK.
hh
ii
kk
jj
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ll. Click OK.
mm. Click MAIN.
ll
mm
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nn. Open JOBS Menu.
oo. Click RUN.
nn
oo
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pp. Click SAVE MODEL pp
qq. Click SUBMIT (1).
rr. Click MONITOR. qq
ss. Once analysis is completed, rr
click STATUS FILE.
A successful analysis shows 3004 as

the exit number.
ss
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tt. When finished with
viewing, close the Default initial
status file. increment: 0.01
uu. Click OK.
Normal
vv. Click MAIN.
termination code
End of loading
vv
uu
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Analyze the result.

a. Click RESULTS.
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select Equivalent Total Strain.
g. Click OK.
h. Click LAST.
e
g
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After you click last, the
geometry should look like this.
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Animate the results.
a. Click REWIND.
b. Click MONITOR
(This will run an
animation of the b
results.) a

a. Click on
b. then click on
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WORKSHOP 9
TRANSIENT HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS

◆ In this Exercise, you will be modeling a 2-Dimensional cross
section of a container holding a fluid. Initially, the outside and inside
of the container are at 1000 F. The temperature of the inner fluid in
the model drops from 1000 F to 800 F in a period of 10 seconds.
The variation of temperature will be calculated as a function of time.

■ Objective
◆ Demonstrate the use of thermal analysis with a transient heat
transfer problem.
■ Required
◆ No supporting file is needed for this exercise.

1. Create geometry.
3. Create material and element properties.
4. Create a time dependent temperature field.
5. Create loads and boundary condition.
6. Submit the job for structural analysis.

Step 1. File : Save As
Create a new database. Name it

Thermal_flow.mud.
a. Click FILES.
b. Click SAVE AS to create a new
b
database.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\thermal_flow
d. Click OK.
e. Click MAIN.
In this document:
[Enter] means clicking on that keyboardís key (ìcarriage returnî).
c
d

Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Curves / Point Coordinates
a
b
e
g
To enter data values or
names, simply click on the
desired icon, and enter the
values or names in the
Create the necessary geometry. d command panel and then hit
a. Click MESH GENERATION. [Enter] on your keyboard.
b. Click ADD PTS.
c. Enter point coordinates (x) : 1 Entering values should be
[Enter]. done on the console that When appropriate, pressing the
Enter point coordinates (y) : 0 appears on the bottom of mouseís right button is equivalent to
[Enter]. the MSC.Marc Mentat. clicking on Mentatís RETURN.
Enter point coordinates (z) : 0
[Enter]. You have
d. Click CURVE TYPE. created a curve
e. Select which is an arc
CENTER/POINT/ANGLE from of a circle. If you
the Arc. are using the f
f. Click RETURN. default
resolution it will
g. Click ADD CRVS.
look like this (we
h. Enter are center point c
will change this
coordinates : 0 0 0 [Enter]. later).
i. Enter arc starting point h
coordinates : 1 0 0 [Enter].
j. Enter arc angle : 45 [Enter].
j i
The point coordinates may be entered together using spaces
or commas as in: 100 0 0 [Enter] or in: 100, 0, 0 [Enter]
To enter data values or names, If you cannot see the points to
simply click on the desired icon, be connected (steps r-t), click
and enter the values or names in on the FILL button.
l
[Enter] on your keyboard. o
k. Cycle through CURVE TYPE:

Select LINE.
You have created the
l. Click PTS ADD. necessary geometry. It k
m. Enter point coordinates (x) : 1.5 should look like this
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (y) : 0
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (z) : 0
[Enter]
q
n. Enter point coordinates (x) : 1.5
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (y) : 1.5
[Enter]
Enter point coordinates (z) : 0 p
[Enter].
o. Click CRVS ADD.
p. Click top right point and bottom
right point. This will connect two m
points.
q. Connect top left point and top
right point.
r. Connect bottom left point and
r n
bottom right point.

Step 3. Plot: High / Regen
By selecting higher
resolution, the left side of
the curve will be more b
circular and smooth.
Change resolution of display to
better visualize the curves.
a. Click PLOT.
b. Click CURVE:
SETTINGS
c. Select PREDEFINED
c
SETTINGS: HIGH.
d. Click REGEN.
e. Click MAIN.

Step 4. Mesh Generation: Auto Mesh / Quad Mesh
b
a
c
Create the mesh of the surface.

b. Click AUTOMESH.
c. Select PRELIMINARY d
CURVE DIVISIONS.
d. Click # DIVISIONS.
e. Enter the division number : 4
[Enter]. e
f. Click APPLY CURVE
DIVISIONS.
g. Select all four curves from the
geometry. g
h. Click END LIST (#).
i. Click RETURN.
f
When selecting a list of entities,

pressing the mouseís right button
(with the cursor anywhere inside the
viewport) is equivalent to clicking on h
Mentatís END LIST (#)
i
k
j
j. Select CHOOSE 2D PLANAR

MESHING.
k. Click QUAD MESH!
l. Select all four curves from the
geometry.
m. Click END LIST(#).
n. Click MAIN.
m
n

Step 5. Material Properties : New / Heat Transfer / Isotropic
f
a
Create the material properties.
a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES. g
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter material name : Steel
h
[Enter]. j
d. Click HEAT TRANSFER.
e. Select TYPE ISOTROPIC.
f. Click CONDUCTIVITY.
b l
g. Enter value for ëconductivityí :
0.000485 [Enter].
h. Click SPECIFIC HEAT.
i. Enter value for ëspecific heatí : c
0.116 [Enter].
j. Click MASS DENSITY.
k. Enter value for ëmass_densityí
: 0.283 [Enter].
d i
l. Click OK.

m. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
n. Select the entire geometry.
o. Click END LIST (#).
p. Click MAIN. n
o
p

Step 6. Geometry Properties: New / Heat Transfer / Planar
Create the Geometry Properties.

a. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES. a
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter geometry property d
name : Steel [Enter].
d. Select HEAT TRANSFER
ELEMENTS: PLANAR
e. Select GEOMETRY
PROPERTY TYPE:
SOLID. c

f
f. Click THICKNESS.
g. Enter value for ëthickí : 1
[Enter]. g
h. Click OK.
i. Click ELEMENTS ADD. j
j. Select the entire geometry. i
k. Click END LIST(#).
l. Click MAIN.
k
l

Step 7. Material Properties: New / Tables / Time
e
a
Create the Time Tables for the
Material.
a. Click MATERIAL b
PROPERTIES.
b. Click TABLES.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter table name :
inner_temp [Enter]. f
e. Click TABLE TYPE.
f. Select TABLE TYPE time.

h
g. Click MIN.
j
h. Enter min. value for V1 : 0 [Enter].
i. Click MAX.
l
j. Enter max. value for V1: 100
[Enter]. g
n
i
k. Click MIN.
l. Enter min. value for F: 500 q
[Enter]. k
m. Click MAX. m s
n. Enter min. value for F: 1000
[Enter].
o. Click DATA POINTS: ADD
p. Enter independent. Variable V1 : 0
[Enter]. o
q. Enter function value F : 1000
[Enter].
r. Enter the other two points from the
table here, by repeating (steps i-j) .
X:Time(t) Y:Temp
1 0 1000
2 10 r 800 p
3 100 800 q

The table should look like this
after all the steps in the previous
page.

s x t
y
u
s. Click NEW.
t. Select 1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE. aa
u. Click NAME.
w
v. Enter table name : outer_temp y
[Enter]. aa
w. Click TABLE TYPE.
x. Select TABLE TYPE time. cc
y. Click MIN. ee
z. Enter min. value for V1 : 0 [Enter]. v
aa.Click MAX.
bb.Enter max. value for V1: 100 [Enter].
cc. Click MIN.
dd.Enter min. value for F: 500 [Enter]. x
ee.Click MAX.
ff. Enter min. value for F: 1000 [Enter].
z
bb
dd
ff

The table should look like this after
all the steps in the previous page.
gg. Click DATA POINTS: ADD

hh. Enter independent. Variable
V1 : 0 [Enter].
ii. Enter function value F : 1000
[Enter].
jj. Enter the other two points
from the table here, by
repeating (steps i-j) .
kk. Click MAIN. gg
hh
ii
X:Time(t) Y:Temp
1 0 1000
2 jj 10 1000
kk 3 100 1000

Step 8. Initial Conditions: New / Thermal / Temperature
a
d
Create the initial condition.
a. Click INITIAL CONDITIONS. c

b. Click NAME.
c. Enter initial condition name: h
icond1 [Enter].
d. Click THERMAL. e
e. Click TEMPERATURE.
f. Select ENTERED VALUES
for the METHOD. f
g. Click TEMPERATURE (TOP).
h. Enter value for ëtí : 1000
[Enter]. g
i. Click OK.
i
j
l
j. Click NODES ADD. m
k. Select all the nodes from the
geometry.
m. Click MAIN.
k

Step 9. Boundary Conditions: New / Thermal / Edge Film
Create the boundary conditions for

the geometry.
b e
a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NAME.
d
name: inner_ convection
[Enter].
d. Select THERMAL.
e. Select EDGE FILM. c
f. Click ENTERED VAUES.
g. Select FILM (TOP)
f

h. Enter value for ëhí : 0.0005
[Enter].
i. SINK TEMPERATURE: 1.
[Enter]
h
i

j
j. Click SINK
TEMPERATURE: l
TABLE k
k. Select CURRENTLY
t
DEFINED TABLES (TIME)
inner_temp.
l. Click OK.
m. Click EDGES ADD.
n. Select left four edges from m
the geometry.

p
q
p. Click NEW.
q. Click NAME.
r. Enter boundary condition s
name: outer_ convection
[Enter].
s. Select EDGE FILM.
t. Click ENTERED VAUES. r
u. Select FILM (TOP)

v. Enter value for ëhí :
0.00001 [Enter].
w. SINK TEMPERATURE:
1. [Enter] v
w

x
x. Click SINK
TEMPERATURE:
TABLE
y. Select CURRENTLY z
DEFINED TABLES
(TIME) outer_temp. y
z. Click OK.
aa. Click EDGES ADD.
bb. Select right four edges
aa
from the geometry.
dd. Click MAIN.
bb
cc
dd

Step 10. Loadcases: New / Heat Transfer / Transient
a
b
d
Create the loadcases for the
analysis. c
a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NAME. e
c. Enter loadcase name : f
transient_load_case j
[Enter].
d. Select LOADCASE CLASS
HEAT TRANSFER.
e. Click TRANSIENT.
f. Click LOADS. i
g. Check inner_convection
and outer_convection.
h. Click OK.
i. Click TOTAL LOADCASE
TIME.
value : 75 [Enter].
g

k
k. Click CONVERGENCE
TESTING.
l. Click MAX r
TEMPERATURE q
CHANGE BEFORE
REASSEMBLY.
m. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 0 [Enter].
n. Click MAX ERROR IN
TEMPERATURE
ESTIMATE.
l
p. Click OK.
n
q. Click MULTI-CRITERIA.
r. Click PARAMETERS. p

s
u
w
y
aa
s. Click INITIAL FRACTION OF
LOADCASE TIME.
t. Enter loadcase parameter
t
value : 0.075 [Enter] v
u. Click MINIMUM FRACTION
OF LOADCASE TIME. x
v. Enter loadcase parameter z
value : 1E-005 [Enter].
w. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION
OF LOADCASE TIME.
y. Click MAXIMUM # STEPS.
z. Enter loadcase parameter bb
value : 9999 [Enter].
aa. Select NO FINISH CHECK.
bb. Click OK.
cc. Click OK.
dd. Click MAIN.
cc
dd

Step 11. Jobs: New / Element Type / Heat Transfer / Planar
a c
Select the Element Type from the

Jobs.
a. Click JOBS.
c. Select HEAT TRANSFER. d
d. Select HEAT TRANSFER
ELEMENT TYPES PLANAR.
e. Select 39.
f. Click OK.
g. Click ALL EXIST. g
h. Click MAIN.
h
b

Step 12. Jobs: New / Heat Transfer / Run
b
a
d
Create the job for the analysis of the c
geometry. g
a. Click JOBS.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter job name :
transient_case [Enter].
d. Select HEAT TRANSFER.
e
e. Select AVAILABLE
transient_load_case.
f. Click INITIAL LOADS.
g. Click BOUNDARY h
CONDITIONS CLEAR.
h. Make sure INITIAL
CONDITIONS icond1 is on.
i. Click OK. f

j. Click JOB RESULTS.

k
k. Select TEMPERATURE
(INTEGRATION POINT) l
from the AVAILABLE
ELEMENT SCALARS. m
l. Click CUSTOM from the
SELECTED NODAL
QUANTATIES.
m. Select TEMPERATURE
and REACTION HEAT
FLUX from the n
AVAILABLE NODAL
QUANTATIES.
n. Click OK.

o. Select PLANAR from the
ANALYSIS DIMENSIONS.
p. Click OK.

q
q. Click RUN.
r. Click SAVE MODEL
s. Click SUBMIT (1).
r
t. Click MONITOR.
u. Wait until the STATUS is s
Complete.
t
v. Click OK.
u
w. Click MAIN.

b
h
Analyze the result.

a. Click RESULTS.
c. Select DEF ONLY.
d. Select CONTOUR BANDS.
e. Click SCALAR.
d
f. Select SELECT POST
SCALAR Temperature.
g. Click OK.
h. Click MONITOR. e
The geometry should look

like this when you apply
the MONITOR.

Step 14. Results: History Plot / Nodes
a
Create the history plot for the nodes.

e
a. Click HISTORY PLOT. b
b. Click SET NODES. f
c. Select nodes 10, 12 and 14 as c
shown in the geometry.
e. Click COLLECT GLOBAL
DATA.
f. Click NODES / VARIABLES.

j
g
l
k
g. Click ADD VARIABLE.

Time. h
i. Select VARIABLES AT
NODES Temperature.
j. Click ADD NODE.
k. Click NODES 10.
l. Click FIT.
m. Click RETURN.
i
n. Click YMIN.
o. Enter minimum History-Plot Y
value : 0 [Enter].
p. Click YMAX.
q. Enter maximum History-Plot Y
value : 1200 [Enter]. m
n
After these steps, the p
graph should look like the
one on the next page. o
q

a. Click on
b. then click on

WORKSHOP 10
SOFT-DRINK CANíS
BOTTOM SNAP-THROUGH

Mar120, Workshop 10, October
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-2
■ Problem Description:
◆ The container, a soft drink can, is assumed to be a circle cylinder
with a radius of 1.3 inches and a total height of 4.8 inches. The
container is made out of aluminum and has a wall thickness of
0.025 inches.
The geometry of this problem is fairly simple due to two factors.
The first is that the geometry and the loading of the container are
axisymmetric and allow you to perform an axisymmetric analysis.
The second factor is that the focus of the analysis is restricted to
the phenomena that occur at the bottom of the container. In this
analysis, the height of the container, h, is limited to a length where
the edge effects are damped out. The theory behind this
assumption is explained below.
If h = 2.5 rt
where r= the radius of the container, t= the wall thickness, the
solution decreases to about 4% of its value at the bottom edge.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-3
■ Problem Description (cont.):
◆ You can ignore the influence of the top edge since the critical
height, h, is equal to 0.4519, calculated as follows:
h = 2.5 1.307 × 0.025 = 0.4515
An awareness of this decay distance is very important in numerical
calculations. If you wish to correctly capture the behavior of the
solution in the edge region, the typical finite element size must be
small in comparison to the decay distance.
Nonlinear problems that involve buckling or snap-through are prime
candidates for displacement controlled incremental strategies.
Unfortunately, the problem at hand is a load controlled problem. In
order to be able to traverse the load versus displacement curve of a
point on the bottom of the container you must use a loading pattern
such that the load increment is scaled in size and applied in the
correct direction. The arc-length method combined with a Newton-
Raphson iterative scheme will guarantee that the entire load
displacement curve can be traversed. Needless to say, the
solution of this problem consists of large displacements and finite
strains.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-4
■ Objectives:
◆ Using nonlinear analysis to solve a snap-through analysis problem.
◆ Using the TABLES option to specify input data that changes with
time, plastic stream, etc.
◆ Animating the results of an analysis.
■ Required:
◆ No supporting file is required.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-5
■ Suggested Exercise Steps:
1. Input all arcs according to the measurements specified.
2. Input straight lines to connect the arcs.
3. Convert the geometric entities to finite elements.
4. Use SWEEP to eliminate all duplicate nodes, then
switch the element class to quadratic shell elements
and attach the midside nodes to the curves.
5. Add Kinematic boundary conditions to enforce the
symmetry and restrain rigid body motion.
6. Specify edge loads.
7. Rectify connectivity to ensure consistent normals.
8. Add material properties.
9. Add geometric properties.
10. Define the loadcase.
11. Submit the job.
12. Postprocess the results by looking at the deformed
shape and the load-displacement curve of the node
located on the symmetry axis.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-6

Bottom-snap
a. Open FILES Menu b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\bottom-snap
database file.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
e
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-7
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Crvs / ctr-rad-ang-ang
Create a curve (and then 3 more). c

b. Select CURVE TYPE.
c. Select ARCS CENTER /
RADIUS / ANGLE / ANGLE.
d. Click RETURN.
e. Select CRVS ADD.

To enter data values or names, clicking on Mentatís RETURN.
e
b
d

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-8
f
g
h
i
f. Enter arc center point

coordinates : 0 0 0 [Enter].
g. Enter arc radius : 2.345
[Enter]. The first curve will be created
h. Enter arc beginning angle : 0 as soon as you enter the arc
[Enter]. ending angle (action ìiî) and it
should look like this. Click
i. Enter arc ending angle : 22 FILL if you cannot see it.
[Enter].

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-9
Create three more curves
by entering the values
from the table for curves
from 2 to 4.
Curve Radius Start Angle End Angle Center Point List

1 2.345 0 22 [0, 0, 0]
2 0.063 129 265 [2.026, 1, 0]
3 0.125 296 334 [2, 1.2, 0]
4 0.18 90 162 [2.3, 1.127, 0]
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-10
Step 3. Plot: Label / Points
Switch on the labeling of points.

a. Click PLOT.
b. Click POINTS: SETTINGS.
b
c. Check LABELS.
d. Regenerate the model by
clicking REGEN.
e. Click MAIN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-11
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Add / Crvs / tangent-radius-angle
Create another curve by using

Tangent/Radius/Angle method.
b. Select CURVE TYPE.
c. Select TANGENT / RADIUS / c
ANGLE. e
d. Click RETURN.
e. Select CRVS ADD.
f. Enter arc first tangent point : 3
[Enter]. b
g. Enter arc radius: 0.05 [Enter].
h. Enter arc angle : 50 [Enter].
f
g
h

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-12
b
c a
d
Create a point. The point will be created when

a. Select PTS ADD. you enter the coordinates and
b. Enter point coordinates (X) : 3 should look like the one here.
[Enter].
c. Enter point coordinates (Y) : 1.307
[Enter].
d. Enter point coordinates (Z) : 0
[Enter].
The point coordinates may be entered

100 0 0 [Enter]
or in:
100, 0, 0 [Enter]

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-13
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Add / Crvs / Line
Create straight curves.

a
b. Select LINE.
c. Click RETURN.
d. Select CRVS ADD.
e. Enter line points : 11 14
[Enter].
A curve will connect point 11
and point 14 after you enter
the points. Your model
should look like this now.
c
e

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-14
Create three more
curves ( 7 to 9 ), repeating
the same actions as in
the previous page,
with values taken
from the table below.
Curve Start Point End Point

7 4 9
8 8 17
9 12 18

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-15
Step 7. Plot: Label / Curves
Switching labels
a. Click PLOT.
b. Click POINT:
SETTINGS.
b
c. Switch off Point labels
by clicking LABELS.
e
d. Click mouse right
button to return to the
pervious page.
e. Click CURVES:
SETTINGS.
f. Switch on Curve
c
labels by clicking
LABELS.
g. Click REGEN.
h. Click MAIN. g
The model should now look

like the one shown here.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-16
Step 8. Mesh Generation: Convert / Curves To Elements
c
a
Create Mesh
b. Select CONVERT.
c. Click DIVISIONS.
[Enter]. e
e. Select GEOMETRY / MESH
CURVES TO ELEMENTS.
f. Enter convert curve list : 1 9
[Enter].
g. Click END LIST ( # ).
b
d
f
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-17
Create the mesh for
all other curves by
repeating the same
actions as in the
previous page
with values taken
from the table.
Convert Divisions Curve

8, 1 1 ,9
6 ,1 4, 2
4, 1 6, 3
3, 1 7, 5, 8

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-18
Step 9. Mesh Generation: Sweep / Nodes
Use Sweep to eliminate the duplicate

nodes that occupy the same location.
a. Click RETURN.
b. Click SWEEP.
c. Click SWEEP NODES.
d. Click ALL EXIST.
b
d

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-19
Step 10. Mesh Generation: Change Class / Elements / Line (3)
Change class from line (2) to line(3)

a. Click RETURN.
b. Click CHANGE CLASS.
c. Select CLASSES LINE (3).
d. Click ELEMENTS.
e. Click ALL EXIST.
d
e
a

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-20
Step 12. Plot: Draw / Curves & Points
b
Your model should look like this now. c
Turn off the labels.
a. Click PLOT.
b. Switch off draw for points
by clicking POINTS.
c. Switch off draw for curves
by clicking CURVES.
d. Regenerate the model by
clicking REGEN.
e. Click MAIN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-21
a
c d
Create the boundary conditions.

a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NEW.
d. Click FIXED DISPLACEMENT.
e. Check ON for DISPLACEMENT Y.
f. Check ON for DISPLACEMENT Z.
g. Click OK.
h. Select NODES ADD.
i. Enter add apply node list : 1
[Enter].
h
j. Click END LIST ( # ).
e
f
j
g
i
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-22
k
k. Click NEW. l
l. Click FIXED DISPLACEMENT.
m. Check ON for DISPLACEMENT X.
n. Check ON for DISPLACEMENT Z.
o. Click OK.
p. Select NODES ADD.
q. Enter add apply node list : 18 [Enter].
r. Click END LIST ( # ).
n
r
o
q
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-23
Step 14. Boundary Conditions: New / Tables / Time
d
Create BCís table.
a. Click TABLES.
e
c
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter table name : loading.
d. Click TABLE TYPE. f
e. Select TIME.
f. Click FUNCTION VALUE:
MAX.
g. Enter maximum value for F:
500 [Enter]. a

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-24
m
h. Click DATA POINTS: ADD.
i. Enter independent variable V1
n
value : 0 [Enter].
j. Enter function value F: 0 [Enter].
k. Enter independent variable V1
value : 1 [Enter]. p
l. Enter function value F: 500
[Enter].
m. Click MORE
n. Click INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
V1: LABEL
o. Enter label for independent h o
variable v1: time [Enter]. q
p. Click FUNCTION VALUE F:
LABEL.
q. Enter label for function value F:
pressure [Enter].
r. Click MAIN.
r
i
j
k
l
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-25
Step 15. Boundary Conditions: New / Mechanical / Edge Load
d
Create pressure load.
a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b
c. Click NEW.
d. Select EDGE LOAD.
e. Click PRESSURE.
f. Enter value for ëpí : 1 [Enter].

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-26
g
i
g. Click TABLE.
h. Select LOADING.
i. Click OK.
j. Click EDGES ADD.
k. Click ALL EXIST. h
l. Click MAIN.
Your model should look like this now.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-27
Step 16. Mesh Generation: Check / Flip Elements
The figure
f in the pervious page clearly indicates the pressure load has
c not been
a applied in the correct direction for all elements. This is
b
caused
d by the way the curves were created. The outward normal that
determines
e the positive direction of the load is directly dependent on
which point of the arc was defined first. To connectivity of the
elements can easily be corrected using the following button sequence.
c
Change the direction of pressure
load by flipping elements.
a. Click MESH GENERATION. a
b. Click CHECK.
c. Click FLIP ELEMENTS.
d. Enter flip element list : 90 89
88 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66
65 64 63 62 [Enter].
e. Click END LIST ( # )
f. Click MAIN. d
Click PLOT and then click

REGEN. Make sure your
model looks like the one on e
the left (Step 7 shows you
how to regenerate the f
model).
b
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-28
Give the material properties. a

b. Click ISOTROPIC. c
c. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS. e
d. Enter value for ëyoungs_ modulusí :
11e6 [Enter].
e. Click POISSONíS RATIO.
f. Enter value for ëpoissons_ratioí : 0.3
[Enter].
g. Click OK.
d
f
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-29
Step 18. Material Properties: New / Tables / Plastic_Strain
Define the stress-strain data

table.
a. Click TABLES. c
b. Click NEW.
c. Select 1 INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE.
d. Click TABLE TYPE.
e. Select
EQ_PLASTIC_STRAIN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-30
j
l q
f. Click IND. VAR. V1: MAX m
g. Enter maximum value for
V1 : 0.5 [Enter]. f
h. Click FUNC. VALUE F:
MAX
i. Enter maximum value for o
F : 100000 [Enter]. h
j. Click NAME
k. Enter table name :
workhard [Enter].
l. Click MORE
m. Click IND. VAR. V1: k
LABEL
n. Enter label for ind. var. V1
: log_strain [Enter].
o. Click FUNC. VALUE F: n
LABEL.
p. Enter label for function p
value F : true_stress
[Enter].
q. Click PERVIOUS.
g
i
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-31
s
r. Click DATA POINTS: ADD.

s. Enter the values from
the table below.
Strain (X) Stress (Y)

0 42000
0.001748 44577
0.003494 45157
0.06766 63665
r
0.09531 70950
0.157 81315
0.207 88560
0.2623 95216 t
t. Click SHOW MODEL.

u. Click MAIN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-32

b. Click ISOTROPIC.
c. Select ELASTIC-PLASTIC.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-33
e
d. Click INITIAL YIELD g

STRESS.
e. Enter value for ëyield stressí :
1 [Enter].
f. Click TABLE (PLASTIC
STRAIN).
g. Select WORKHARD.
h. Click OK.
d f

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-34
i. Click OK.
k. Click ALL EXIST.
l. Click MAIN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-35
Step 20. Geometric Properties: New / Axisymmetric / Shell
Specify the element thickness for all

elements using the following button
a
sequence.
a. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES. d
b. Click AXISYMMETRIC.
c. Select SHELL.
d. Click THICKNESS.
f
e. Enter value for ëthickí : .025
[Enter].
f. Click OK.
g. Click ELEMENTS ADD. b
h. Click ALL EXIST.
i. Click MAIN.
g
i
e

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-36
Step 21. Loadcase: New / Mechanical / Static
d
Create a load case
a. Click LOADCASE.
b. Select LOADCASES b
CLASS MECHANICAL.
c. Select LOADCASE
TYPE STATIC.
d. Click LOADS.
e. Make sure that all the
BCís are selected. a
f. Click OK.
c

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-37
Step 22. Loadcase: Mechanical / Static / Solution Control
a
Have Marc to solve a system of
equations with a non-positive definite
tangent stiffness matrix.
a. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.
b. Check NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE.
c. Click OK.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-38
Step 23. Loadcase: Mechanical / Static / Convergence Testing
Reduce the relative force a

tolerance.
a. Click CONVERGENCE
TESTING.
b. Click RELATIVE FORCE
TOLERANCE.
c. Enter loadcase
parameter value : .05
[Enter].
d. Click OK.
d
c
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-39
Step 24. Loadcase: Mechanical / Static / Convergence Testing
e
Change arc length parameters. c
a. Select ARC LENGTH.
b. Click PARAMETERS.
g
c. Click MAX # INCREMENTS
IN LOADCASE.
d. Enter loadcase parameter i
e. Click INITIAL FRACTION.
f. Enter loadcase parameter
g. Click MAX RATIO ARC
LENGTH / INITIAL ARC
LENGTH.
h. Enter loadcase parameter a b
i. Click OK.
j. Click OK.
d
f
j
h
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-40
Step 25. Jobs: Element Type / Mechanical / Axisymmetric Shell
e
g
Set the appropriate Marc
element type.
a. Click MAIN.
b. Click JOBS.
c. Click ELEMENT
TYPES.
e. Click AXISYM MEMBRANE/
SHELL
f. Select 89. d
g. Click OK.
h. Click ALL EXIST.
i. Click RETURN.
c
h
b
i
a
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-41
Prepare the loadcase for a job.

a. Click RETURN.
c. Click LCASE1.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-42
Step 27. Jobs: Mechanical / Analysis options
Activate some analysis

options.
a. Click ANALYSIS
OPTIONS.
b. Cycle through selection
and select LARGE
STRAIN ADDITIVE.
c. Click OK.
a
b
After u click SMALL STRAIN

once, it will switch to LARGE
STRAIN ADDITIVE c
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-43
Step 28. Jobs: Mechanical / Job Results
Specify the results

variables.
a. Click JOB RESULTS. b
b. Select EQUIVALENT
VON MISSES
STRESS.
c. Select PLASTIC
STRAIN.
d. Click OK.
e. Click OK.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-44
Step 29. Jobs: Check / Run / Submit1
b
Submit the job and monitor it.

a. Click CHECK.
b. Click RUN.
c. Click SAVE MODEL. c
d. Click SUBMIT (1).
e. Click MONITOR. d
f. Once the job is e
finished, click OK.
g. Click MAIN.
f
g
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-45
Step 30. Results: Open Default
Access the results.

a. Click RESULTS.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-46
d
a
Remove the node labeling and

gives a clearer picture of the
model.
a. Click PLOT
c. Click REGEN.
d. Click FILL.
e. Click RETURN.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-47
Step 32. Results: Def & Orig / Animation / Increments
Show the animation.

a. Click DEF & ORIG.
b. Click MORE.
a
c. Select ANIMATION.
d. Select INCREMENTS.
e. Enter number of increments to
save : 100 [Enter].
f. Enter increment step size: 5
[Enter].
d
e
f

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-48
Your model should deform like the one
below.
Click here to
see the
animation!!

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-49
Step 33. Results: Def & Orig / Animation / Increments
a. Click RETURN.
b. Click PREVIOUS.
c. Click LAST
d. Click MAIN.
b
d
a

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-50
Last Increment (Time = 1.0)

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-51
Step 34. Results: Path Plot / Node Plot / Add Curves
Plot the total equivalent plastic

strain.
a. Click PLOT.
b. Check DRAW NODES.
c. Click REGEN.
d. Click RETURN.
e. Click RESULTS.
f. Click PATH PLOT.
g. Click NODE PATH.
Randomly select nodes
from lower left to upper
right, approximately
each 10th node will do. f
c e
g
d

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-52
m
j
i
o
h. Click ENDLIST ( # ). k
i. Click VARIABLES.
j. Select ADD CURVE.
k. Select ARC LENGTH.
l. Select EQUIVALENT
PLASTIC STRAN.
m. Click SKIP TO INC
n. Enter ìIncrement to Skip toî: 250
o. Click FIT.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-53
Your curve might look slightly different from
the one below, that is because you might
choose different nodes. However, the
overall curve should look very similar.

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-54
Step 35. Results: History Plot / Show Model / Set Nodes
Show a diagram that indicates how

the bottom collapses as a function of
the total load that was put onto the
structure.
a. Click MAIN.
b. Click RESULTS.
c. Click HISTORY PLOT.
a
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-55
f
g
e i
d. Turn on SHOW MODEL.

e. Click SET NODES. d
j
f. Enter history node list : 18 k
[Enter]. l
g. Enter history node list : 1
[Enter].
h. Click END LIST ( # ).
i. Click COLLECT DATA.
j. Enter first history
increment : 0 [Enter].
k. Enter last history
increment : 1000 [Enter].
l. Enter increment step
size : 1 [Enter].

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-56
n
o
m q
m. Click NODES/VARIABLES.
n. Click ADD 2-NODE CRV. u
o. Click 1.
p. Select DISPLACEMENT X. r
q. Select 18.
r. Select DIST LOAD 1.
s. Click FIT.
t. Click RETURN.
u. Click SHOW IDS.
v. Enter History-Plot increment
ID step size : 10 [Enter].
v
Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-57
Axial Displacement of Bottom versus
Applied Pressure Diagram.

a. Click on
b. then click on

Mar101, March 2001
2003 WS 10-58
WORKSHOP 11
CREEP OF A STEEL TUBE

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-2
Problem Description:
A stainless steel oval shaped tube is pressurized at high
temperature, and over time will creep. The tube will bulge and
expected to become circular over time. Due to symmetry, only half
of the tube cross section will be modeled, with plane strain finite
elements.
The material constitutive behavior has the creep strain rate

dependent upon the stress level. The material data has been fitted
with a power relation where the creep strain rate becomes:
εc = a σb
where a and b are the material constants (creep coefficient, and
creep exponent respectively).

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-3
Objective
To determine the deformed shape, strain, and stress over time for a
material with a power creep constitutive law.
Required
No supporting file is required.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-4
1. Create the geometry of half the cross section,
2. Create the mesh,
3. Create the loads, and the boundary conditions, and
Material Properties, and a load case.
4. Setup and run analysis,
5. Post-process the results.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-5

Creep.
a. Open FILES Menu
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\creep
database file.
e. Click RETURN.
c
In this document:
e
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-6
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Crvs / ctr-pt-pt
Create 2 (circular) curves.

a. Select MESH GENERATION
b. Click CURVE TYPE.
c
c. Select CENTER / POINT /
POINT.
d. Click RETURN.
e. Click CRVS ADD.

To enter data values or names, clicking on Mentatís RETURN.
e

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-7
f
g
f. Enter arc center points h
coordinates: 0 -.715 0 [Enter].
g. Enter arc starting point
h. Enter arc ending point
coordinates: .195 -.715 0
[Enter].
i. Enter arc center point
i
j
j. Enter arc starting point k
k. Enter arc ending point
coordinates: .26 -.715 0
[Enter].

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-8
Create 2 (straight) curves:

a. Click CURVE TYPE.: a
b. Select LINE.
c. Click RETURN.
d. Click CRVS ADD.
e. Enter line points: 3 [Enter].
f. Enter line points: point(.195, 0,
0) [Enter].
g. Enter line points: 6 [Enter].
h. Enter line points: point(.26, 0,
0) [Enter].
e
f
g
h

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-9
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Add / Surfs / Ruled
d b
Create (ruled) Surface:

a. Click SURFACE TYPE
a
b. Select RULED.
c. Click RETURN.
d. Click SURFACES ADD
e. Enter first curve of ruled
surface: 1 [Enter] c
f. Enter 2nd curve of ruled
surface: 2 [Enter]
g. Enter first curve of ruled
surface: 3 [Enter]
h. Enter 2nd curve of ruled
surface: 4 [Enter] e
f
g
h

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-10
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Convert / Surfs / Surfs to Elems
Mesh the surfaces:

a. Click CONVERT
b. Click DIVISIONS
divisions in U and v: 15 4
[Enter].
d
d. Click SURFACE TO
ELEMENTS.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-11
g
e. Enter CONVERT surface list by

clicking the larger surface.
f. Click End List (#). e
g. Click DIVISIONS.
h. Enter the number of convert
divisions in U and v: 10 4
[Enter]. i
i. Click SURFACE TO j
ELEMENTS.
j. Enter CONVERT surface list by
clicking the smaller surface.
k. Click End List (#).
l. Click RETURN.
k
h f
l

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-12
Step 5. Mesh Generation: Symmetry / Elements
Complete the Mesh by using symmetry:

a. Click SYMMETRY.
b. Click Normal.
c. Enter symmetry plane normal:
0 1 0 [Enter].
d. Click ELEMENTS.
e. Click ALL: EXISTING.
f. Click RETURN.
a
e
f
c

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-13
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Check / Elements / Upside Down
c
a. Select CHECK.
b. Select UPSIDE DOWN.
c. Select FLIP ELEMENTS.
d. Click ALL:SELECT.
e. Click RETURN.
f. Click SWEEP.
g. Select ALL.
h. Click RETURN.
i. Click RENUMBER. a
j. Click ALL.
k. Click MAIN.
i j
k
f
d
g
e
h
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-14
Step 7. Initial Conditions: Mechanical / State Variable
Create Initial Conditions:

c
a. Click INITIAL
CONDITIONS.
c. Click STATE
b
VARIABLE.
d. Turn on STATE
VARIABLE.
e. Enter value for var: 1660
[Enter].
g
f. Click OK.
d
h. Click ALL: EXISTING.
i. Click MAIN. h
i
e
f
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-15
Step 8. Boundary Conditions: Mechanical / Fix Displacement
a c
Create Boundary Conditions:

a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b
c. Select FIXED
DISPLACEMENT
d. Check DISPLACEMENT X
ON
e. Click OK.
f. Click ADD for NODES.
g. Select all nodes on x=0 axis. g
h. Click END LIST (#). f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-16
i
i. Click NEW.
j. Click FIXED DISPLACEMENT
k. Check DISPLACEMENT Y ON n
l. Click OK.
m. Click ADD for NODES.
n. Select all nodes on Y=0 axis.
l
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-17
Step 9. Boundary Conditions: Mechanical / Edge Load
a. Click NEW. b
b. Click EDGE LOAD.
c. Click PRESSURE.
d. Enter value for ëpí : 66 [Enter].
e. Click OK
f. Click SELECT.
f
c
e
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-18
h
g. Select METHOD: PATH.

i
h. Click Ö EDGES.
i. Pick all nodes on the interior of
the pipe by selecting the
beginning node of the path and
the ending node of the path.
k. Click RETURN. g
l. Click EDGES: ADD.
m. Click ALL: SELECT.
n. Click MAIN.
l
j n
k

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-19
Create Material Properties: a

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES f
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
b
d. Enter material name : steel
c
[Enter].
e. Select ISOTROPIC.
f. Click YOUNGíS MODULUS. e
g. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulusí : 2.14e7
[Enter]
h. Enter value for ëpoissons_ratioí :
0.30 [Enter]. i
i. Click CREEP.
g
d h

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-20
j
j. Click COEEFICIENT. l
k. Enter value for ëcoefficientí :
4e-24 [Enter].
l. Click STRESS
DEPENDENCE: EXPONENT.
m. Enter value for ëstress-
expí:4.51 [Enter].
n. Click OK.
o. Click OK.
k
m
o

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-21
p. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
q. Click ALL EXIST.
r. Click MAIN.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-22
Create Geometric Properties. f

a. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTIES.
a
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter geometry property g
name : pipe [Enter].
e. Select PLANAR. i
f. Select PLANE STRAIN. j
g. Click THICKNESS.
h. Enter value for ëthickí : 1
[Enter].
k
h
i. Click CONSTANT
DILATATION
j. Click ASSUMED STRAIN b l
k. Click OK. c
l. Click ELEMENTS ADD. m
m. Click ALL EXIST.
n. Click MAIN. n
e

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-23
Step 12. LOADCASES: Mechanical / Creep / Strain/Stress
a. Select LOADCASES.
b. Click Mechanical.
c. Click CREEP.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-24
h
d. Click TOTAL LOADCASE

TIME.
e. Enter loadcase parameter l
value: 3.47E6 [Enter].
f. Click Creep Strain/Stress.
g. Click Parameters. n
h. Click INITIAL TIME STEP. d
value: 1 [Enter].
j. Click MAX # INCREMENTS.
k. Enter loadcase parameter f g
value: 2000 [Enter].
l. Click STRESS CHANGE TOL.
value: 1 [Enter].
e
n. Click OK.
o. Click OK.
p. Click MAIN. i
o
k
m
p
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-25
Step 13. Jobs: New / Mechanical / Static
Create Jobs.
a. Click JOBS.
b. Select MECHANICAL. c
c. Select lcase1.
d. Select PLANE STRAIN.
e d

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-26
f. Select EQUIVALENT
VONMISES STRESS.
f
g. Select TOTAL
EQUIVALENT CREEP
STRAIN.
g
h. Click OK.
i. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-27
j
k
j. Select LARGE
DISPLACEMENT.
k. Cycle through selection and
select FOLLOWER FORCE on.
l. Click ADVANCED OPTIONS.
m. Turn UPDATED LAGRANGIAN
PROCEEDURE on.
n. Click OK.
o. Click OK.
p. Click OK
p
n
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-28
q. Click RUN. r
r. Click SAVE MODEL
s
s. Click SUBMIT (1).
t. Click MONITOR (Wait and t
monitor the status while the
program is running.
u. Once the program is
v. Click MAIN.
u
v

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-29
Check the results:

a. Select RESULTS. c
c. Click DEF & ORIG.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select TOTAL EQUIVALENT
CREEP STRAIN.
g. Click OK e
h. Click LAST.
g
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-30
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-31
Step 14. Results: History Plot / Nodes
a
Create the history plot for the nodes.

e
a. Click HISTORY PLOT.
b
b. Click SET NODES.
f
c. Select node 80
e. Click COLLECT GLOBAL
DATA.
f. Click NODES / VARIABLES. c

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-32
g
j
g. Click ADD VARIABLE.

Time.
i. Select VARIABLES AT
NODES DISPLACEMENT X. h
j. Click FIT.
k. Click RETURN.
l. Click SHOW ID
m. Enter History-Plot increment
ID step size: 40 [Enter]. l
After these steps, the

graph should look like the k
one on the next page.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-33
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-34
a. Click on
b. then click on

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-35
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 11-36
WORKSHOP 12
COMPOSITE LAMINATE TELESCOPE

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-2
◆ In this Exercise, you will be modeling two cylinders using thin shells.
Initially, one cylinder lies inside another cylinder. Then, we start to
bend the inner tube while holding the outer tube fixed. The effect of
buckling will be demonstrated as a result of bending. The outer tube
is made of an orthotropic material; the inner, slitted-off tube is made
of a composite laminate experiencing local buckling.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-3
■ Objective
◆ Demonstrate the setup and analysis of a fairly complicated model
involving a composite laminate and an orthotropic shell, deformable
contact, rigid contact, large deformations and buckling.
■ Required

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-4
1. Create geometry.
3. Create loads and boundary conditions.
4. Create material and element properties
5. Submit the job for buckling analysis.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-5

Composite.
a. Click FILES. b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Enter SELECTION:
<work_directory>\composite
[Enter].
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c
d
In this document:

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-6
Step 2. Mesh Gen.: Coordinate System / Rotate
Create a new coordinate system.

b. Click COORDINATE SYSTEM
SET.
c. Click ROTATE.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-7
e

d. Enter local coordinate Clicking AXES shows the local simply click on the desired icon,
system rotations : 0 15 0 coordinate axes in the display. and enter the values or names in
[Enter]. the command panel and then hit
e. Click AXES. [Enter] on your keyboard.
The point coordinates may be entered

100 0 0 [Enter]
or in:
100, 0, 0 [Enter]

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-8
f. Click SAVE.
g. Enter SELECTION : coord15
[Enter].
h. Click OK.
g
i. Click MAIN.
h
f
i

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-9
Step 3. Mesh Gen.: Add / Crvs / Center/Radius/Angle/Angle
Create the base geometry. c

b
b. Click CURVE TYPE.
c. Click CENTER / RADIUS /
ANGLE / ANGLE.
d. Click RETURN.

clicking on Mentatís RETURN. d

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-10
f
e
e. Click CRVS ADD.

f. Enter arc center point
coordinates : 0 0 0 [Enter]. h
g. Enter arc radius : 2 [Enter].
h. Enter arc beginning angle : 0
[Enter].
i. Enter arc ending angle : 360
i
[Enter].
Parameters may also be entered
on one line, as in 0 0 0 2 0 360.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-11
k
j. Repeat steps e-h for a curve

of origin 0 0 12, radius 1.95,
and starting/ending angle of 0
and 340.
k. Click FILL.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-12
m
l. Click MOVE.
m. Click ROTATIONS.
n. Enter move rotations in X,Y
and Z : 0 0 160 [Enter].

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-13
o. Click CURVES.
p. Select curve 2.
q. Click END LIST (#).
r. Click MAIN. o
q
r

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-14
The gap of curve 2 should be in this
orientation after clicking END LIST (#). This
provides a better view of the slit later on.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-15
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Convert / Curves to Elements
a c
dc
Convert the geometry to sets of
elements.
b. Click CONVERT. e
c. Click DIVISIONS.
[Enter].
e. Click CURVES TO
ELEMENTS.
b

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-16
f
f. Select curve 1.
g. Click END LIST (#).

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-17
h
h. Click DIVISIONS.
i. Enter the number of convert
[Enter].
j
j. Click CURVES TO
ELEMENTS.
k. Select curve 2.
k
m. Click RETURN.
l
m

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-18
o p
n. Click SELECT.
o. Click ELEMENTS.
p. Click STORE.
q. STORE ELEMENTS INTO
NEW SET: outer [Enter].
r. Click OK.
q
r

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-19
s
s. Select all curve 1 elements

t. Click END LIST (#).
u. Repeat steps o-t, to put the
curve 2 elements in a set
called, inner.
v. Click RETURN.
t
v

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-20
y
w
w. Click CRVS REM.

x. Click ALL: EXIST.
y. Click PTS REM.
z. Click ALL: EXIST.
aa. Click MAIN.
z x
aa

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-21
Step 5. Mesh Generation: Expand / Set
c
Expand the outer elements
a. Click MESH GENERATION. e
b. Click EXPAND. g
c. Click TRANSLATIONS.
h
d. Enter the expand translations
in X,Y and Z : 0 0 5/12
[Enter].
e. Click REPETITIONS.
f. Enter the number of expand
repetitions : 36 [Enter].
b
g. Select MODE REMOVE.
h. Click ELEMENTS.
d
f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-22
j
The number of outer elements should

expand to 1296 upon selecting the outer set.
i. Click SET.
j. Select outer set.
k. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-23
Step 6. View: Manipulate Model / Set Angles
e g
a f
Align the viewport with the model

a. Click VIEW.
b. Click MANIPULATE MODEL.
c. Click SET ANGLES.
d
d. Enter X rotation angle : 0 75 0
[Enter].
e. Click FILL.
f. Click TX- eight times.
g. Click (ZOOM) IN twelve times.
b c
The viewport is now positioned such that the
V-W plane is parallel to the monitor screen.
This is a more convenient view in order to
delete elements from the outer cylinder.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-24
Turn off visual elements

a. Click PLOT.
c. Check ELEMENTS SOLID.
d. Click REDRAW.
e. Click MAIN.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-25
Step 8. Mesh Generation: Rem / Elems
a c
Create a slit in outer cylinder

b. Click SELECT.
d
c. Click ELEMENTS.
d. Select the highlighted
elements.
e. Click END LIST (#).
Select the 3 rows (rows 6-9,

from top) and 11 columns.
e
b f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-26
i
f. Cycle through to select

EXCEPT for SELECT MODE.
g. Click ELEMENTS.
h. Click SELECT SET.
i. Select inner set.
j. Click OK.
k. Click RETURN.
j
f
h
k
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-27
l
l. Click ELEMS REM.

m. Click ALL: SELECT.
n. Click MAIN.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-28
Step 9. Mesh Generation: Expand / Elements
c
Expand the inner cylinder
a. Click MESH GENERATION. e
b. Click EXPAND.
c. Click TRANSLATIONS.
d. Enter the expand translations
in X,Y and Z : 0 0 0.5 [Enter].
e. Click REPETITIONS.
f. Enter the number of expand
repetitions : 30 [Enter].

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-29
i
The number of inner elements should

expand to 1020 upon selecting the inner set.
g. Click ELEMENTS.
h. Click SET.
i. Select inner. g
j. Click OK.
k. Click SELECT.
k h

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-30
l. Select IDENTIFY SETS.
m. Click MAIN.
Verify that the upper boundary of the opening matches the upper
boundary of the slit on the inner cylinder. The opening lower
boundary is one element lower than the slit lower boundary.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-31
a
b
Create points to define quad surface

b. Click PTS ADD.
c. Enter point coordinates (X) : 2.5
[Enter].
d. Enter point coordinates (Y) : -2.5
[Enter].
e. Enter point coordinates (Z) : 0 c
[Enter]. d
f. Repeat steps b-d for seven e
additional points:
g. Click MAIN. Coordinates can also be entered
together on one line, as in ì2.5 -2.5 0î.
Point X Y Z
1 2.5 2.5 0
2 -2.5 2.5 0
3 -2.5 -2.5 0
4 2.5 -2.5 27
5 2.5 2.5 27
6 -2.5 2.5 27
7 -2.5 -2.5 27
g

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-32
These eight points define the
coordinates of two surfaces to
be created next.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-33
Create the rigid surfaces

b. Click SRFS ADD.
c. Select the four points (1-4) at
outer cylinder.
d. Select the four points (5-8) at
inner cylinder.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-34
e f
Clean up the model
a. Click SWEEP. Verify that 44 unused nodes are removed.
b. Click SWEEP TOLERANCE.
c. Enter the sweep tolerance :
0.005 [Enter].
d. Click ALL.
e. Click REMOVE UNUSED
NODES.
f. Click REMOVE UNUSED c
POINTS.
g. Click MAIN.
a
g

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-35
b g
Create deformable bodies

a. Click CONTACT. a
b. Click CONTACT BODIES. d
c. Click DEFORMABLE.
d. Click FRICTION COEFFICIENT.
e. Enter value for ëfrictioní : 0.1
[Enter].
f. Click OK.
g. Click NAME.
h. Enter contact body name :
inside [Enter]. f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-36
k

j. Click ALL: SET. i
k. Select inner set.
l. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-37
m
r
o
m. Click NEW.
n. Click DEFORMABLE.
o. Click FRICTION COEFFICIENT.
p. Enter value for ëfrictioní : 0.1 q
[Enter].
q. Click OK.
r. Click NAME. p
s. Enter contact body name :
outside [Enter]. s

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-38
v
t. Click ELEMENTS ADD.

t
u. Click ALL: SET.
v. Select outer set.
w. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-39
Step 14. Contact: Contact Bodies / Rigid
a
e
c
b
Create rigid bodies

a. Click NEW.
b. Click RIGID. g
c. Select POSITION for BODY
CONTROL.
d. Click OK.
e. Click NAME.
f. Enter contact body name :
wall [Enter]. d
g. Click SURFACES ADD.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-40
l
h. Select outer wall.

h
j. Click ID BACKFACE
k. Click FLIP SURFACE
l. Select the outer wall
m. Click END LIST (#).
i m

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-41
n
o
r
q
n. Click NEW.
o. Click NAME.
p. Enter contact body name : drive
[Enter].
q. Click RIGID.
r. Click POSITION PARAMETERS.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-42
s
t
u
s. Click ANGLE (RAD).
t. Enter value for ëprotí : 0.0872665 v
[Enter]. w
u. Click ROTATION AXIS X. x
v. Enter value for ëaxí : 0.9659258
[Enter].
w. Enter value for ëayí : 0 [Enter].
x. Enter value for ëazí : -0.258819
y
[Enter].
y. Click OK.
z. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-43
aa. Click SURFACES ADD.
bb. Select inner wall. aa
dd. Click MAIN.
bb
cc
dd

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-44
Step 15. Contact: New / Contact Table
b
d
Create a contact table

a. Click CONTACT a
b. Click CONTACT TABLES.
c. Click NEW.
d. Click PROPERTIES.
e
e. Click FIRST 1 / SECOND 2.
f. Cycle through CONTACT
TYPE to select TOUCHING.
g. Click OK. f
h. Repeat steps e-g for bodies
FIRST / SECOND of 1/1 and
2/2.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-45
i
i. Repeat steps e-g twice
to glue indicated contact
bodies.
j. Click OK
k. Click MAIN.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-46
a b
c
Create a loadcase d
a. Click LOADCASES.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter loadcase name : one f
[Enter].
e. Click STATIC.
f. Click CONTACT.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-47
h
This table disappears as soon

as the contact table is selected.
g. Click CONTACT TABLE.

h. Select ctable1.
i. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-48
l
k
j
j. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.

k. Check NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE.
l. Click MAX # RECYCLES.
value: 25 [Enter].
n. Click OK.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-49
o. Select ADAPTIVE MULTI-
CRITERIA STEPPING
PROCEDURE.
p. Click PARAMETERS.
o p

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-50
q
s
q. Click INITIAL FRACTION u
OF LOADCASE TIME.
r. Enter loadcase parameter r
value : 0.05 [Enter]. t
s. Click DESIRED #
RECYCLES / INCREMENT
SET.
t. Enter loadcase parameter v
value : 7 [Enter].
u. Click TIME STEP SCALE
FACTOR.
v. Enter loadcase parameter w
w. Click OK.
x. Click OK.
y. Click MAIN.
z
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-51
Step 17. Material Properties: New / Orthotropic
b
c
e
a
Create material properties
a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter material name :
material_A [Enter].
e. Click ORTHOTROPIC.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-52
f
f. Click E11.
k
g. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulus11í : 2e7
[Enter].
h. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulus22í : 2.1e6
[Enter].
i. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulus33í : 0
[Enter].
j. Enter value for
ëpoissons_ratio12í : 0.21
[Enter].
k. Click SHEAR MODULI G12. m
l. Enter value for g
ëshear_modulus12í : 8.5e5 h
[Enter]. i
m. Click OK. j
l
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-53
n
o p
n. Click NEW. s
o. Click NAME.
p. Enter material name :
material_E [Enter].
q. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
r. Click SET.
s. Select outer set.
t. Click OK.
u. Click ORTHOTROPIC.
q
t
r

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-54
v
w
x
v. Click E11. y
w. Enter value for z
[Enter]. aa
x. Enter value for
[Enter].
y. Enter value for
ëyoungs_modulus33í : 0
[Enter].
z. Enter value for
ëpoissons_ratio12í : 0.286
[Enter].
aa. Click SHEAR MODULI G12.
bb. Enter value for cc
ëshear_modulus12í : 3.61e6
[Enter].
cc. Click OK.
dd. Click MAIN.
bb
dd

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-55
The next action will create a composite laminate material made of six plies; each ply is
made of the orthotropic material_A created before.
This diagram illustrates the composite laminate that will be created. The composite material
consists of six plies each with a thickness of 0.025. The orientation of Ply 1 and Ply 6 is 0 deg.
with respect to the material coordinate frame. Ply 2 and Ply4 are rotated 45 deg and Ply 3 and
Ply 5 are rotated ñ45 deg about the Z axis of the material coordinate frame.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-56
Step 18. Material Properties: New Composite
d f
g
Create a laminate composite material

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click LAYERED MATERIALS.
c. Click NEW COMPOSITE.
d. Click ADD LAYER.
e. Enter add composite layer a
number : 1 [Enter].
f. Click material_A.
g. Cycle through to select
ABSOLUTE THICKNESS. b

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-57
i
h. Click THICKNESS.
i. Enter value for ëthickness1í : 0.025
[Enter].
j. Click DUPLICATE LAYER.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-58
k
l
m
k. Enter duplicate layer number :
1 [Enter].
l. Enter duplicate beginning n
layer number : 2 [Enter].
p
m. Enter duplicate ending layer
number : 6 [Enter].
n. Click Layer 2 ANGLE.
o. Enter value for ëangle2í : 45
[Enter].
p. Click Layer 3 ANGLE.
q. Enter value for ëangle3í : ñ45
[Enter].
o
q

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-59
s
t
u
r. Click COPY LAYERS.

s. Enter copy from layer number :
2 [Enter].
t. Enter copy to layer number : 3
[Enter].
u. Enter copy destination layer
number : 4 [Enter].
v. Click OK. r

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-60
w
w. Click NAME.
aa
x. Enter material name :
graphite_epoxy_laminate
[Enter].
y. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
z. Click SET.
aa. Select inner set.
bb. Click OK.
cc. Click MAIN.
y
bb
z
cc

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-61
Step 19. Material Properties: Orientations / UU Plane
a
Orient materials on geometry
a. Click MATERIAL c
PROPERTIES.
b. Click ORIENTATIONS. d
c. Select UU PLANE.
d. Click ANGLE.
e. Enter the orientation angle : 5
[Enter].

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-62
k j
g
i
f. Click VECTOR 1.
g. Enter the orientation first vector n
components : 0.9659258 0 -0.258819
[Enter].
f
h. Click VECTOR 2.
i. Enter the orientation second vector
components : 0 1 0 [Enter]. h
j. Click NAME.
k. Enter orientation name : orient_5 l
[Enter].
l. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
m. Click ALL: SET.
n. Select outer set.
o. Click OK.
m
o

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-63
r
q
t
p
p. Click COPY.
q. Click NAME.
s
r. Enter orientation name : orient_0
[Enter].
s. Click ANGLE.
t. Enter the orientation angle : 0
[Enter].
u. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
v. Click ALL: SET. u
w. Select inner set.
x. Click OK.
x
y. Click MAIN.
v
y

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-64
Step 20. Geom. Properties: Element / Thickness / 3-D Shell
b m
g
Create element properties a

a. Click GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES.
b. Click 3-D.
c. Click SHELL. c
d. Click THICKNESS.
e. Enter value for ëthickí : 0.12 [Enter].
f. Click OK.
g. Click NAME. e
h. Enter geometry property name :
thick_outer [Enter].
h
j. Click ALL: SET.
k. Select outer set
l. Click OK. d i
m. Click NEW
l f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-65
n
o
Create element properties
n. Click NAME.
o. Enter geometry property name :
thick_inner [Enter]. p
p. Click SHELL.
q. Click THICKNESS. r
r. Enter value for ëthickí : 0.15 [Enter].
s. Click OK.
t. Click ELEMENTS ADD.
u. Click ALL: SET. q
v. Select inner set
w. Click OK.
x. Click MAIN
t
s
v u
x
w

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-66
Create the analysis job e

a. Click JOBS.
b. Click MECHANICAL. f
c
c. Select one from AVAILABLE
LOADCASES.
g
d. Click CONTACT CONTROL.
e. Select FRICTION TYPE
COULOMB.
f. Select CONTACT CONTROL
METHOD NODAL STRESS.
g. Click RELATIVE SLIDING
i
VELOCITY.
h. Enter job parameter value : 0.1
[Enter]. d
i. Click OK

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-67
o
p
q
j. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.

k. Select LARGE
DISPLACEMENT.
l. Cycle through RUBBER
ELASTICITY PROCEDURE
to select LARGE STRAIN- k
UPDATED LAGRANGE.
m. Cycle through PLASTICITY
PROCEDURE to select j l
LARGE STRAIN ADDITIVE. t m
n. Click ADVANCED
OPTIONS.
o. Select CONSTANT
DILATATION.
p. Select ASSUMED STRAIN.
q. Select UPDATED
LAGRANGE PROCEDURE.
r. Click OK. n
s. Click OK.
t. Click JOB RESULTS. s

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-68
u. Select Equivalent
Von Mises Stress
from AVAILABLE u
ELEMENT
SCALARS.
v. Click OK.
w. Click OK.
x. Click MAIN.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-69
Step 22. Jobs: Element Types / Mechanical Thin Shell
a d
Set job element types

a. Click JOBS.
b. Click ELEMENT TYPES. e
d. Click 3-D
MEMBRANE/SHELL.
f
e. Select 139.
f. Click OK. b
g. Click ALL EXIST.
h. Click RETURN.
j Be sure that all elements have been
i. Click RETURN. changed to 3-D thin shell by the result of
j. Click RENUMBER ALL. ëNumber of unchanged elements= 0í.
k. Click MAIN.
g
k i

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-70
Step 23. Jobs: Run
Run the analysis

a. Click JOBS.
c
b. Click RUN.
c. Click SAVE MODEL d
d. Click SUBMIT (1) e
e. Click MONITOR.
f. Click OK.
g. Click RETURN.
g f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-71
Step 24. Results: Open Default
Open the result file for visualization

a. Click RESULTS.
f c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
Stress.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click LAST.
g

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-72
Step 25. View: Manipulate Model / Set Angles
g h
a i
Display the results d

a. Click VIEW. e
b. Click MANIPULATE MODEL. f
c. Click SET ANGLES.
d. Enter X rotation angle : 25
[Enter].
e. Enter Y rotation angle : 25
[Enter].
f. Enter Z rotation angle : 25
[Enter].
g. Click FILL.
h. Click (ZOOM) IN two times.
i. Click TX- two times.
b c

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-73
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-74
a. Click on
b. then click on

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-75
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 12-76
WORKSHOP 13
NORMAL MODES, AND LINEAR TRANSIENT

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A BOX BEAM

Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
October 2003 WS 13-2
◆ This model represents a hollow beam, which is fixed at one end.
The other end is free and experiences a compressive load; the
overall beam dimensions are (h=20, w=20, l=600).
◆ Normal mode analysis will be used in order to determine the natural
frequencies, and mode shapes of the box beam. These results will
then be compared to the theoretically predicted values for the beam.
◆ The results of the normal mode analysis will then be used to perform
a Modal Transient Dynamic analysis of the structure to find its
response to a known saw-tooth pattern load. These results will then
be compared to the results calculated for a Linear-Direct Transient
solution of the same problem.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
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13,March 2001
■ Objective
◆ Set-up and solution of normal modes, and natural frequencies.
◆ Set-up and solution by the modal transient analysis method.
◆ Set-up and solution of direct transient analysis method.
◆ Comparison of results.
■ Required
◆ No supporting file required.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
1. Extrude surfaces to form following beam (x=20; y=20; z=600).
2. Mesh beam using 4 elements on perimeter and element size of 15
for longitudinal axis.
3. Define materials and shell properties.
4. Setup and solve for the normal modes, and frequencies.
5. Setup, and Solve with Direct transient Response analysis.
6. Solve and monitor time-history dynamic analysis.
8. Compare results.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Create a database. Name it

buckled_beam.
a. Click FILES.
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\ boxbeam.
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c
d
In this document:
e
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Pts / Quad
b
a m
c
Create points. d
a. Select MESH GENERATION. e
b. Click PTS ADD. f
c. Enter point coordinates (X) :
-10 -10 0 [Enter].
d. Enter point coordinates (X) :
10 -10 0 [Enter].
e. Enter point coordinates (X) :
10 10 0 [Enter]. i
f. Enter point coordinates (X) :
-10 10 0 [Enter]. l
g. Click FILL.
h. Click PLOT.
i. Click Point: SETTING.
j. Check LABELS. j
k. Click mouse right button to n
return. When appropriate, pressing the
l. Click SURFACES: SETTING. mouseís right button is equivalent to
m. Check LABELS.
n. Click REGEN.
o. Click RETURN twice.
o
g
h
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Create a curve.
a. Click CRVS ADD.
b. Click points 1, 2.
c. Click points 2, 3.
d. Click points 3, 4.
e. Click points 4, 1.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Expand / Curves / Translation
a
b
Expand the existing curves.
a. Click EXPAND.
b. Click TRANSLATIONS.
c. Enter the expand rotations in
X, Y and Z : 0 0 600 [Enter]. d
d. Click CURVES.
e. Click ALL EXIST.
f. Click RETURN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 5. Mesh Generation: Convert / Surfaces / Elements
Create a mesh on the surface.

a. Click CONVERT.
b. Click DIVISIONS.
[Enter]. d
d. Click GEOMETRY/MESH
SURFACES TO ELEMENTS.
e. Click ALL EXIST. c
f. Click RETURN.
Click DYN. MODEL and use the

middle mouse button to rotate the
object. Then click FILL to see the
e
whole model.
f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Repair Geometry / Surfaces / Automesh
c
Repair the geometry by closing the
open loops.
a. Click AUTOMESH.
b. Click CHECK/REPAIR
GEOMETRY.
c. Click REPAIR GEOMETRY
CLEAN SURFACE LOOPS.
d. Click ALL EXIST.
e. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Eliminate duplicate nodes and points.

b. Click SWEEP.
c. Click SWEEP ALL.
d. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
aluminum [Enter].
d. Click ISOTROPIC.
f. Enter value for e
[Enter].
g. Enter vale for ëpoissons ratioí
: 0.32 [Enter].
h. Enter value for ëmass_densityí c
: 2.52e-4 [Enter].
i. Click OK. f
g
h
k. Click ALL EXIST.
l. Click MAIN.
i
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 9. Geometric Properties: New / Shell / 3-D
Create a shell.
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter geometry property name
f
: shell [Enter].
d. Click MECHANICAL
ELEMENTS 3-D.
e. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTY TYPE SHELL.
f. Click THICKNESS.
g. Enter value for ëthickí : 0.125
[Enter]. h
h. Click OK.
j. Click ALL EXIST.
k. Click MAIN.
e c
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 10. Boundary Conditions: New / Mechanical / Fixed Disp.
b
c
a
d
Create boundary conditions.

a. Click BOUNDARY e
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NAME.
e. Click FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
f. Check ON for
DISPLACEMENT X
DISPLACEMENT Y
DISPLACEMENT Z
ROTATION X f
ROTATION Y
ROTATION Z
a. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
h
h. Click NODES ADD. FREE END.

i. Use the cursor to grab the
nodes on the fixed end.
j. Click END LIST (#). j
k. Click MAIN
FIXED END.
Note: There should only be 16

nodes grabbed. Rotate the beam
and grab the nodes like the figure on
the right.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 11. Loadcases: New / Mechanical / Dynamic Modal
Create a load case for dynamic

modal. b
a. Click LOADCASES.
c
b. Click NEW.
f
c. Click NAME.
e
d. Enter loadcase name :
normal_modes [Enter].
f. Click DYNAMIC MODAL.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
g
g. Click RANGE.
h. Click HIGHEST
FREQUENCY.
value : 50 [Enter].
j. Click NUMBER. j
k. Click #MODES.
l. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 100 [Enter]. k
m. Make sure NON-
POSITIVE DEFINITE is
NOT on.
n. Click OK. m
o. Click MAIN.
n
i
l
o
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
a
Setup the analysis.
a. Click JOBS.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME. d
d. Enter job name :
modal_job1 [Enter].
b
c
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
f. Click ANALYSIS
OPTIONS.
g. Click ADVANCED
OPTIONS.
h. Check CONSTANT
DILATATION.
i. Click OK.
j. Click OK.
j
h
f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
k
k. Select AVAILABLE
normal_modes.
l. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 13. Jobs: Run / Submit / Monitor

a. Click RUN.
b. Click SAVE MODEL f
c. Click SUBMIT (1)
d. Click MONITOR.
b
e. Click OK. c
f. Click MAIN.
d
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 14. Results: Open Default / Contour Bands / Def & Orig.
Open the results.

a. Click RESULTS.
b. Click FILE OPEN DEFAULT.
d
c. Click SCALAR PLOT
CONTOUR BANDS.
d. Click DEFORMED SHAPE c
DEF & ORIG.
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Select Displacement.
g. Click OK. e
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
h
Un-draw Nodes and Element Faces:

i
j
h. Click PLOT.
i. Unselect DRAW: NODES.
j. Click ELEMENT: SETTINGS. k
k. Unselect FACES.
l. Click REGEN.
m. Click RETURN twice.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
n
n. Click VIEW
o. Click MANIPULATE MODEL
p. Click SET ANGLES
q. Enter X rotation angle:
-67 ñ34 ñ14 [Enter]
r. Click RETURN
s. Click RETURN
o p
q
r
s
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
v
x w
t. Click NEXT.
u. Click DEFORMED SHAPE:
SETTINGS
v. Select MANUAL
w. Click SET FACTOR
z
x. Enter deformation t
magnification: 100 [Enter]
y. Click RETURN u
z. Select additional modes by
clicking SCAN or keep on
clicking next.
y
Mode 1 ñ First bending mode
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Hand calculations Known information for beam:
Ix =13333 in4
Iy =13333 in4
Recalling from basic dynamics:
a = 20
or b = 20
K K
τ= τ= L = 600
M J
For a beam: Calculated information for beam:
and Mass = 13.447 slugs

3EI M
K= 3 M eff = Kx = 3017.5 lb/in
L 4 Ky = 3017.5 lb/in
Ktor =1646314.3 in-lb/rad
For a beam in torsion: J =896.5 in4
K=
CG and
J=
[
M L2 + h 2 ]
L 12
Fundamental modes for beam:
Where:
First bending mode = 2.533Hz
First torsional mode = 42.85 Hz
16 b b 4 
C = ab  − 3.36 1 −
3

4 
 3 a  12 a 
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Comparison of Predicted to
Theoretical Values
Mode Theory Predicted % Error

1st Bending 2.533 2.563 1.18
Torsional 42.85 44.67 4.25
aa. Click FILE CLOSE.

bb. Click MAIN.
aa
bb
Mode 28- The first

torsional mode.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 15. Material Properties: New / Table / Time
Define the Time Table. a

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click TABLES.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter table name : sawtooth
[Enter].
e. Click TYPE.
c b
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
f
i
Time(t) Value
0 0
0.25 1
0.5 0
0.75 -1
1 0
f. Select TABLE TYPES time.
1.25 1
g. Click DATA POINTS: ADD. 1.5 0
h. Enter the values from the 1.75 -1
table in the command panel. 2 0
2.25 1
Enter the values in pairs with
2.5 0
a blank space between them 2.75 -1
and press [Enter] after each 3 0
pair. 3.25 1
i. Click LIMITS FIT. 3.5 0
3.75 -1
j. Click SHOW MODEL. g 4 0
k. Click MAIN. 4.25 1
4.5 0
4.75 -1
j 5 0
h
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
c
d
Create Boundary Condition.
a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDTIONS.
c. Click NEW.
d. Click NAME.
f
e. Enter boundary condition
name : end_force [Enter]. e
f. Click POINT LOAD.
g. Click X, Y and Z FORCE.
h. Click Y FORCE.
i. Enter value for ëyí : 100
[Enter].
g
h
g
i
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
k
j. Click TABLE. j
k. Click sawtooth.
l. Click OK.
m. Click NODES ADD.
n. Grab nodes with cursor from
the free end (Click Plot and
check DRAW: NODE). l
o. Click MAIN .
m
n
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 17. Loadcases: Dynamic Transient (Modal)
Create a Loadcase for Modal

Transient Analysis. b
a. Click LOADCASES. c
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Name the Load Case e
modal_trans_dyn [Enter].
e. Click MECHANICAL. f
f. Click DYNAMIC
TRANSIENT.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
g. Click CONSTANT TIME
STEP. j
h. Click # STEPS.
i. Enter loadcase parameter g h
j. Click TOTAL LOADCASE
TIME.
value : 5 [Enter].
l. Click OK.
m. Click MAIN.
i
k
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
b
c
a
Setup the analysis.

a. Click JOBS. d
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter job name :
modal_trans_dyn_job2
[Enter] .
f. Select AVAILABLE
f
normal_modes
modal_trans_dyn
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
i
g. Click ANALYSIS j
OPTIONS. h
h. Click DYNAMIC
TRANSIENT OPERATOR:
IMPLICIT.
i. Select MODAL
SUPERPOSITION
j. Click OK
k. Click OK
l. Click JOB PARAMETERS
g
m. Click # DYNAMIC MODES
n. Enter job parameter
l k
value 80 [Enter]
o. Click OK.
m
o
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
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13,March 2001
p. Click JOB RESULTS.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
q. Select AVAILABLE
ELEMENT SCALARS q
Equivalent Von Mises
Stress.
r. Click OK.
s. Click OK to close
mechanical analysis class
form.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 19. Jobs: Run / Submit / Status File
Submit the result.

a. Click RUN.
b. Click SAVE MODEL f
c. Click SUBMIT (1). b
d. Click MONITOR.
c
e. Click OK.
f. Click MAIN. d
It may take a few minutes

to fully monitor the result.
Wait until the STATUS line
reads complete.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 20. Results: Open Default / History Plot / Time & Y Displacement
Post process the results.

a. Click RESULTS. d
d. Click SET NODES.
e. Select node 513 (located at
the center of the top edge of
e
the free end. Then right click
to END LIST (#).
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
g
h
i
k
n
f. Click COLLECT DATA.

g. Enter first history increment :
1 [Enter].
h. Enter last history increment :
1001 [Enter]. f
i. Enter increment step size : 1
l j
[Enter].
j. Click NODES/VARIABLES.
k. Click ADD VARIABLE.
l. Click GLOBAL VARIABLES
TIME.
m. Click VARIABLES AT NODES
DISPLACEMENT Y.
n. Click FIT.
o. Click RETURN.
m
o
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 21. Results: Scan / Def & Orig / Time Inc.
Skip through timesteps.

a. Click SHOW MODEL.
a c
b. Click RETURN.
c. Click DEFORMED SHAPE
DEF & ORIG. d
d. Click SCALAR PLOT
CONTOUR BANDS.
e. Click SCAN.
f. Select time 4.185 sec.
h
g. Click OK.
h. Click SCALAR.
f
b g
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
i. Select DISPLACEMENT.
j. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
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13,March 2001
n
k. Click SCALAR.
l. Select EQUIVALENT VON
MISES STRESS.
m. Click OK.
n. Click CLOSE.
o. Click MAIN.
k
l
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 22. Loadcases: Dynamic Transient (Direct)
b
c
Create a Loadcase for Direct
Transient Analysis. d
e
a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
d. Name the loadcase
direct_trans_dyn [Enter].
f. Click DYNAMIC TRANSIENT.
g. Click TOTAL LOADCASE
TIME. g
value : 5 [Enter]. i
i. Click # STEPS.
h
j
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
k
k. Click LOADS.
l. Make sure FIXED and
END_FORCE are on.
m. Click OK. l
n. Click OK.
o. Click MAIN.
o m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 23. Jobs: Options / Results / Mechanical
Setup the analysis. b

a. Click JOBS. c
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME. f
e
d. Name the job
direct_trans_dyn_job3
[Enter].
f. Select AVAILABLE
direct_trans_dyn
g. Click JOB PARAMETERS.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
i
h. Click NUMERICAL
PREFERENCES.
i. Check to see that
NEWMARK-BETA BETA
PARAMETER IS SET AT
.25 and NEWMARK-BETA
GAMMA PARAMETER IS
SET AT 0.5
j. Click OK.
k. Click OK to close JOB
PARAMETERS form. j
l. Click JOB RESULTS.
h
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
m
m. Select AVAILABLE
ELEMENT SCALARS
Equivalent Von Mises
Stress.
n. Click OK.
o
o. Click ANALYSIS
OPTIONS. n
p. Click DYNAMIC
TRANSIENT OPERATOR
t
IMPLICIT. p
q. Select NEWMARK
r. Click OK.
s. Click OK.
t. Click OK.
r
s
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
a
Submit the result.
a. Click RUN. b
b. Click SAVE MODEL
c
c. Click SUBMIT (1). f
d. Click MONITOR.
d
e. Click OK.
f. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 25. Results: Open Def. / History Plot / Add Variable
Post process the results.

a. Click RESULTS. d
d. Click SET NODES.
e. Select node 513 (located
e
at the center of the top
edge of the free end. Then
right click to END LIST (#).
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
g
h
i
k
n
f. Click COLLECT DATA.

g. Enter first history increment :
0 [Enter].
h. Enter last history increment :
1001 [Enter].
i. Enter increment step size : 1
l
[Enter]. f
j. Click NODES/VARIABLES. j
k. Click ADD VARIABLE.
l. Click GLOBAL VARIABLES
TIME.
m. Click VARIABLES AT NODES
DISPLACEMENT Y.
n. Click FIT.
o. Click RETURN.
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Step 26. Results: Scan / Def & Orig / Time Inc.
Skip through time steps.

a. Click SHOW MODEL.
a c
b. Click RETURN.
c. Click DEFORMED SHAPE
DEF & ORIG. d
d. Click SCALAR PLOT
CONTOUR BANDS.
e. Click SCAN.
f. Select time 4.185 sec.
h
g. Click OK.
h. Click SCALAR.
b f
g
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
i. Select DISPLACEMENT.
j. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
n
k. Click SCALAR.
l. Select EQUIVALENT VON
MISES STRESS.
m. Click OK.
n. Click CLOSE.
o. Click MAIN.
l k

a. Click on
b. then click on

o
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
Direct Transient Dynamic Solution Modal Transient Dynamic Solution
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
13,March 2001
WORKSHOP 14
BUCKLING
ANALYSIS OF A BOX BEAM

Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
◆ This model represents a hollow box beam, which is fixed at one end.
The other end is free (in the axial direction only ), and experiences a
compressive load; the overall beam dimensions are (h=20, w=20,
l=600).
◆ The model will first be analyzed for buckling with the linear
bifurcation buckling method.
◆ A second analysis will be performed using the nonlinear buckling
technique in order to better estimate the beamís true buckling load.
◆ A nonlinear load deflection static analysis with the arc length method
will then be performed in order to verify the beamís actual buckling
load, and predict the post-buckling behavior.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
■ Objective
◆ Solution of linear static analysis.
◆ Prediction of buckling load from Linear Buckling Analysis.
◆ Nonlinear Buckling solution near buckling load.
◆ Nonlinear static solution with Arc-Length Method for prediction of
buckling and post-buckling behavior.
■ Required
◆ No supporting file required.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
1. Extrude surfaces to form following beam (x=20; y=20; z=600).
2. Mesh beam using 4 elements on perimeter and element size of 15
for longitudinal axis.
3. Define materials and shell properties.
4. Setup and perform linear buckling analysis.
5. Setup and perform nonlinear buckling analysis.
6. Setup and perform static nonlinear analysis for predicting buckling
and post-buckling behavior, using an Arc-length method.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Create a database. Name it

buckled_beam.
a. Click FILES.
b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\
boxbeam_buck
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
c
d
In this document:
e
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Add / Pts / Quad
b
a i
Create points.
b. Click PTS ADD. j
c. Enter point coordinates (X) :
-10 -10 0 [Enter]. c
d. Enter point coordinates (X) : d
10 -10 0 [Enter]. e
e. Enter point coordinates (X) : m
f
10 10 0 [Enter].
f. Enter point coordinates (X) :
-10 10 0 [Enter].
g. Click FILL.
h. Click PLOT.
i. Check POINT: SETTINGS.
j. Click LABELS.
k. Click mouse right button to
return.
l. Click SURFACE: SETTINGS.
m. Click LABELS. n
n. Click REGEN.
o. Click RETURN twice.
o
g
h
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Create a curve.
a. Click CRVS ADD.
b. Click points 1, 2.
c. Click points 2, 3.
d. Click points 3, 4.
e. Click points 4, 1.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Expand / Curves / Translation
j
g
Expand the existing curves.

a. Click EXPAND. b
b. Click TRANSLATIONS.
c. Enter the expand rotations in c
X, Y and Z : 0 0 600 [Enter].
d. Click CURVES.
e. Click ALL EXIST. d
f. Click RETURN.
g. Click VIEW
h. Click VIEW 4
i. Click RETURN
j. Click FILL a
e
h
i f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 5. Mesh Generation: Convert / Surfaces / Elements
Create a mesh on the surface.

a. Click CONVERT.
b. Click DIVISIONS.
[Enter].
d
d. Click GEOMETRY/MESH
SURFACES TO ELEMENTS.
e. Click ALL EXIST. c
f. Click MAIN
Click DYN. MODEL and use the

middle mouse button to rotate the
object. Then click FILL to see the e
whole model.
f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
a
Eliminate duplicate nodes and points.

b. Click SWEEP.
c. Click SWEEP ALL.
d. Set PLOT LABELS OFF for
POINT, CURVE and
SURFACE
(in PLOT/ SETTINGS)
e. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
aluminum [Enter].
d. Click ISOTROPIC. e
f. Enter value for
[Enter]. c
g. Enter vale for ëpoissons ratioí f
: 0.32 [Enter]. g
h. Enter value for ëmass_densityí h
: 2.52e-4 [Enter].
i. Click OK.
k. Click ALL EXIST.
l. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 9. Geometric Properties: New / Shell / 3-D
Create a shell.
PROPERTIES.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter geometry property name
f
: shell [Enter].
d. Click MECHANICAL
ELEMENTS 3-D.
e. Click GEOMETRIC
PROPERTY TYPE SHELL.
f. Click THICKNESS.
g. Enter value for ëthickí : 0.125
[Enter]. h
h. Click OK.
j. Click ALL EXIST.
k. Click MAIN.
e c
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 10. Boundary Conditions: New / Mechanical / Fixed Disp.
b
c
a
d
Create boundary conditions.

a. Click BOUNDARY e
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NAME.
e. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITION TYPE FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
f. Check ON for X, Y, Z
DISPLACEMENTS, and
X, Y, Z ROTATIONS.
g. Click OK.
f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
h
h. Click NODES ADD. j FREE END.

i. Use the cursor to select the
nodes on the top (z=600) end.
FIXED END.
Note: There should only be 16

nodes grabbed. Rotate the beam
and grab the nodes like the figure on
the right.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
k
l q
m
n
k. Click NEW. s
l. Click NAME.
m. Enter boundary condition
name : z_free [Enter].
n. Click BOUNDARY r
CONDITION TYPE FIXED
DISPLACEMENT.
o. Check ON X and Y
DISPLACEMENTS, and
X, Y, Z ROTATIONS.
p. Click OK.
q. Click NODES ADD.
r. Use the cursor to select the
nodes on the bottom (z=0)
end. o
s. Click END LIST (#).
p
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
a
b
d
Create a point load.
a. Click NEW.
b. Click NAME.
name : end_load [Enter]. c
d. Click POINT LOAD.
e. Click FORCE Z. f
f. Enter value for ëzí : 1000
[Enter].
i
g. Click OK.
h. Click NODES ADD.
h
i. Use the cursor to grab the
nodes on the free end.
k. Click MAIN.
e
j
k
g
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 13. Load Cases: New / Mechanical / Buckle
Create a load case for buckling f

analysis.
a. Click LOADCASES. b
b. Click NEW. c
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter loadcase name : d
buckling [Enter]. e
f. Click BUCKLE. g
g. Click TOLERANCE. i
value : 1.E-4 [Enter].
k
i. Click MAX # ITERATIONS. h
j. Enter loacase parameter j
value : 40 [Enter].
k. Click OK.
l. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 14. Jobs: Element Type / Mechanical / 3-D Shell
c
a
Set the appropriate Marc element

type. b
a. Click JOBS.
d. Click 3-D
MEMBRANE/SHELL.
e. Click THIN SHELL 139.
f. Click OK.
g. Click ALL EXIST.
h. Right Click twice to return to d
the first JOBS menu. g
f
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
a
b
Set up job.
a. Click NEW. d
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter job name :
job1_linear_buckling
[Enter].
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
f. Check AVAILABLE ELEMENT f
TENSORS Global Stress.
g. Check AVAILABLE ELEMENT
SCALARS Equivalent Von
Mises Stress.
h. Click OK. g
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
i. Click JOB PARAMETERS.
j. Click # BUCKLE MODES.
k. Enter job parameter value : 5
[Enter].
l. Click # POS. BUCKLE
MODES.
m. Enter job parameter value : 1
[Enter].
n. Click OK.
j
l
k
n
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
o
o. Click AVAILABL buckling q

p. Click INITIAL LOADS.
q. Select
fixed
z_free
end_load
p
r. Click OK
s. Click OK.
Here we are using the Linear Buckling

Procedure in MARC, where only the
BUCKLE loadcase is selected. Loads
and Boundary Conditions are selected in s
INITIAL CONDITIONS. In this Procedure,
buckling is performed immediately after
increment 0.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001

a. Click RUN b
b. Click SAVE MODEL
c
d. Click MONITOR. d
e. Click OK.
f. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 17. Results: Open Default / Contour Bands / Def Only
a
b
Access the results.

a. Click RESULTS.
d
c. Click CONTOUR BANDS.
d. Click DEF ONLY. c
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Scroll down and select
Equivalent Global Stress
Layer 1 e
g. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
j
l
h. Click NEXT i
i. Click DEFORMED SHAPE
SETTINGS
j. Check AUTOMATIC
k. Click RETURN
l. Click CLOSE
m. Click MAIN
With the Predicted Buckling Load factor

value of of 0.991, the Critical Buckling
Load (Pcr) is:
Pcr = 0.991*16000 = 15,856
k
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 12. Load Cases: New / Mechanical / Static
Create load case for static analysis.

b
a. Click LOADCASES.
c
b. Click NEW
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter loadcase name : e
static1_preload.
e. Click MECHANICAL. d
f. Click STATIC.
g. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.
h
h. Check NON-POSITIVE
DEFINITE on.
i. Click OK.
g
i
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
j k
l
j. Click ADAPTIVE MULTI- n
CRITERIA. p
k. Click PARAMETERS.
l. Click INITIAL FRACTION OF
LOADCASE TIME.
n. Click MINIMUM FRACTION r
OF LOADCASE TIME.
o. Enter loadcase parameter m
p. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION o
OF LOADCASE TIME
q. Enter loadcase parameter q
value : 0.1 [Enter]. s
r. Click TIME STEP SCALE
FACTOR.
s. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1. [Enter]. t
t. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
u
u. Click LOADS.
v. Make sure fixed, z_free and
end_load are checked on.
w. Click OK.
x. Click OK.
y. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Set up job.
a. Click JOBS.
b. Click NEW. b
c. Click NAME. c
d. Enter job name :
d
job2_nl_buckling [Enter]. f
e
g. Click CLEAR.
h. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
i
i. Click ANALYSIS OPTIONS.

j. Check LARGE
k
DISPLACEMENT on.
k. Click BUCKLE SOLUTION j
METHOD INVERSE POWER
SWEEP.
l. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
m. Click JOB RESULTS.
n. Check AVAILABLE ELEMENT n
TENSORS Global Stress.
o. Check AVAILABLE ELEMENT
SCALARS Equivalent Von
Mises Stress.
p. Click OK. o
q. Click JOB PARAMETERS.
m
q
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
r. Click # BUCKLE MODES.
s. Enter job parameter value : 5
[Enter].
t. Click # POS. BUCKLE
MODES.
u. Enter job parameter value : 1
[Enter].
v. Click OK.
r
t
s
u v
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
w
w. Click from AVAILABLE

static1_preload, and
buckling.
x. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001

a. Click RUN. b
b. Click SAVE MODEL
c
d
d. Click MONITOR.
e. Click OK. a
f. Click MAIN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 23. Results: Open Default / Contour Bands / Def Only
a
b
h
Access the results.

a. Click RESULTS.
d
c. Click CONTOUR BANDS.
d. Click DEF ONLY. c
e. Click SCALAR.
f. Scroll down and select
Equivalent Global Stress
Layer 1.
e
g. Click OK.
h. Click SCAN.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
i. Select INC 10 (Time=1).
j. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
l
k. Click NEXT.
l. Click CLOSE.
m. Click MAIN.
Notice that he buckling load factor has been reduced to a

value of 0.9087. Since this load factor is computed using the
Nonlinear Buckling Method, the predicted Critical Load (Pcr) is:
Pcr = 0.9*16000. + 0.9087*0.1*16000 = 15,854
This compares with the value of 15,856 predicted earlier with
the linear buckling procedure.
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
b
c
d
a
e
Create a new (higher) load, for post-

buckling analysis.
a. Click BOUNDARY
CONDITIONS.
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME.
name : end_load2 [Enter].
f. Click POINT LOAD.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
g
g. Click FORCE Z.
h. Enter value for ëzí : 1900
[Enter]. i
i. Click OK.
j. Click NODES ADD. h
k. Use the cursor to grab the
nodes on the free end.
l. Click END LIST (#). k
m. Click MAIN.
j
l
m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
a f
b
c
Setup the arc-length buckling case. d
a. Click LOADCASES. e
b. Click NEW.
c. Click NAME. g
d. Enter loadcase name :
static2_arclength [Enter].
f. Click STATIC.
g. Click LOADS.
h. Uncheck end_load.
i. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
j k
j. Click ADAPTIVE ARC

LENGTH.
k. Click PARAMETERS.
l. Select METHOD
CRISFIELD/MODIFIED RIKS-
RAMM.
m. Click INITIAL FRACTION. l
n. Enter loadcase parameter m
value : 0.1 [Enter]. o
o. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION. q
p. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 1 [Enter].
s
q. Click MAX # NUMBER
INCREMENTS IN
LOADCASE.
r. Enter loadcase parameter
value : 9999 [Enter]. n
s. Click MAX RATIO ARC
p
r
LENGTH.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
t. Enter loadcase parameter
u. Click MIN RATIO ARC
u
LENGTH.
w
v. Enter loadcase parameter
w. Click OK.
x. Click OK.
y. Click MAIN.
t
v
x
y
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
b
c
Prepare the load case for a job.
a. Click JOBS. d
b. Click NEW. e
c. Click NAME.
d. Enter job name :
job3_post_buckling [Enter].
f
g. Click CLEAR.
h. Click OK.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
l
i. Click ANALYSIS
OPTIONS.
j. Check LARGE
DISPLACEMENT on.
j
k. Click OK.
l. Click AVAILABLE
static2_arclength.
m. Click OK.
i
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001

a. Click RUN.
b. Click SAVE MODEL
f
c. Click SUBMIT (1). b
d. Click MONITOR.
e. Click OK. c
f. Click MAIN. d
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Step 27. Results: Open Default / Contour Bands / History Plot
f
d
g
Access the results.
a. Click RESULTS. b
d. Click SET NODES. e
e. Select node 513 (a mid-edge
node on the free end), and
then end list by clicking
mouse right button.
f. Click COLLECT GLOBAL
DATA.
g. Click NODES /VARIABLES.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
h
k
h. Click ADD VARIABLE.

i. Click GLOBAL VARIABLES
INCREMENT. i
j. Click VARIABLES AT NODES
DISPLACEMENT Z.
k. Click FIT.
l. Click RETURN.
m. Click RETURN.
n. Click CLOSE.
o. Click MAIN.
j
n
o l m
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Depending on the buckling mode examined, results predicted through analysis can be compared to
Eulerís values for verification. If the mode being examined is not a classical buckling mode (1st bending
mode of structure), comparisons can not be made to Eulerís values, as was the case with this model.
If known imperfections or variations will exist in the structure after fabrication, these imperfections should
be included in the initial model in order to accurately predict the true buckling load; otherwise the load
predicted with a ìperfectî model might vary by as much as an order of magnitude from the actual buckling
load for the structure.
Accurate determination of the buckling load requires the use of nonlinear analyses using either Arclength
methods or full transient solutions. It should also be noted that buckling predictions can be very mesh
sensitive. The final predicted buckling load used for the design should be verified at several refined mesh
densities.
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
a. Click on
b. then click on
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
Mar120,
MAR101,Workshop
Workshop10,
14,March 2001
WORKSHOP 15
INTERFEFERENCE FIT OF TWO CYLINDERS

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-1
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-2
◆ Two concentric cylinders fitted together with an interference fit, are
analyzed using contact option with interference closure option. Half
of each each cylinders is modeled with a 15x15 mesh of
axisymmetric elements. The symmetry plane is modeled with
symmetric contact body. Small elastic deflection is assumed.
◆ Since the inner cylinder is slightly bigger than the hole in the outer
cylinder, stresses will be produced as the fit is finished. The hoop
stress is expected to be compressive in the inner cylinder, and
tensile in the outer cylinder. The radial stress will be compressive,
and continuous across the interface.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-3
■ Objective
◆ Illustrate creating, and setting up an analysis for interference or
shrink fit.
■ Required

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-4
1. Create the geometry
2. Mesh it.
3. Apply Contact Bodies.
4. Create 1 .
5. Create, and Submit the Analysis Job.
6. Post-process Results.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-5

bracket
a. Open FILES menu b
b. Click SAVE AS.
c. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\interf
d. Click OK.
e. Click RETURN.
d
In this document:
e
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-6
Step 2. Mesh Generation: Set / Domain
h
the command panel and then hit a d
Change the coordinate system

f
b. Click GRID.
c. Click SET.
d. Click U DOMAIN.
e. Enter rectangular model grid
minimum y: 0 1.1 [Enter]
f. Click V DOMAIN
c b
g. Enter rectangular model grid
minimum y: 0 3.1 [Enter]
h. Click FILL.
i. Click RETURN.
i
When appropriate, pressing the e

to clicking on Mentatís RETURN. g
i

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-7
Step 3. Mesh Generation: Add / Curve / Line
Create five curves:

a. Click CURVES ADD.
b. Enter line points:
point(0, 0, 0) [Enter] a
point(0, 3.1, 0) [Enter]
Note: You can pick the end points of the curves

by either picking from the appropriate grid
locations, or by typing exactly as shown.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-8
Step 4. Mesh Generation: Add / Elements
Create two elements

a. Click ELEMS: ADD
b. Enter element node (1):
node(0., 1., 0.) [Enter]
Enter element node (2):
node(1.1, 1., 0.) [Enter] b
node(1.1, 2., 0.) [Enter] c
node(0., 2., 0.) [Enter]
c. Create a second element, using

the following vertices:
X Y Z
0.0 2.1 0.0
1.0 2.1 0.0
1.0 3.1 0.0
0.0 3.1 0.0

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-9
Step 6. Mesh Generation: Elements / Subdivide
a e
g
Subdivide the elements to create the
Mesh.
d
d. Click SUBDIVIDE
e. Click DIVISIONS
f. Enter number of division in the
U,V and W: 15 15 1 [Enter].
g. Click ELEMENTS
h. Click ALL: EXISTING
i. Click RETURN

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-10
Step 7. Mesh Generation: Sweep / All/ Move
b
Remove duplicate nodes.
a. Click SWEEP.
b. Select ALL.
c. Click RETURN.
d. Click RENUMBER e
e. Click ALL
f. Click RETURN.
g. Click MOVE
g
d
c f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-11
Step 7. Mesh Generation: Sweep / All/ Move
h
h. Click TRANSLATIONS
i. Enter move trans. in X, Y, Z:
0. ñ0.1 0 [Enter]
j. Click ELEMENTS
j
k. Enter move element list:
Pick all the top cylinder
elements (el. # 226-450) i
l. Click END LIST(#)
m. Click MAIN
l
m

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-12
j
k

a. Click MATERIAL c
PROPERTIES.
b. Select ISOTROPIC.
d
d. Enter value for
[Enter] and enter value for e
e. Click ELASTIC-PLASTIC
f. Click INITIAL YIELD STRESS
g. Enter value for yield_stress:
50000 [Enter].
h. Click OK.
i. Click OK. i
j. Click NAME f
l
k. Enter material name : STEEL
[Enter].
l. Click Elements ADD. m
m. ALL: EXIST
n. Click MAIN. g n
h
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-13
Step 11. Contact: Contact Bodies / Deformable
e
f
c
Create a deformable contact body

a. Click CONTACT.
c. Click DEFORMABLE. a g
d. Click OK.
e. Click NAME.
f. Enter contact body name :inner b
[Enter].
g. Click ELEMENTS ADD. Pick all
inner cylinder elements
h. Pick END LIST(#)

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-14
a
d
e
b
a. Click NEW
b. Click DEFORMABLE.
c. Click OK. f
d. Click NAME.
e. Enter contact body name: outer
[Enter]
f. Click ELEMENTS ADD. Pick all
outer cylinder elements
g. Pick END LIST(#)

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-15
Step 13. Contact: New / Contact Bodies / Symmetry
a
b
c
d
Create rigid body
a. Click NEW.
b. Click NAME.
c. Enter contact body
name : symmetry
[Enter].
d. Click SYMMETRY e
e. Click DISCRETE
f. Click OK

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-16
g. Click CURVES: ADD
h. Select curve 1 g
j. Click ID Contact.
k. Click MAIN
i h
k

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-17
Step 16. Contact: New / Contact Table / Properties
Create contact tables

a. Select CONTACT.
b. Select CONTACT TABLES.
c. Click NEW a
d. Click PROPERTIES.
e. Click TOUCHING
f. Click the ì Tî between
inner and outer bodies g
b
g. Click INTERFERENCE h
CLOSURE
h. Enter Contact property value:
4.E-3 [Enter] i
i. Click OK f
j. Click OK
k. Click MAIN
e
j
k

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-18
Create a loadcase.
a. Click LOADCASES.
b. Click NEW.
d. Click STATIC.

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-19
e
e. Click CONTACT.
f. Click CONTACT TABLE.
g. Select ctable1.
h. Click OK.
i. Select MULTI-CRITERIA.
j. Click PARAMETERS. i j

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-20
k
m
k. Click INITIAL o
FRACTION OF q
LOADCASE TIME
l. Enter loadcase
parameter value: .001
[Enter]
m. Click MINIMUM
FRACTION OF
LOADCASE TIME
n. Enter loadcase
parameter value: 1e-6
[Enter]
o. Click SET
p. Enter loadcase s
parameter value: 10
[Enter]
q. Click TIME STEP
INCREASE FACTOR l
r. Enter loadcase n
parameter value: 1.5 p
[Enter] r
s. Click OK

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-21
t
t. Click CONVERGENCE
TESTING.
u. Click DISPLACEMENTS
v. Click AUTO SWITCH
w. Click RELATIVE u
DISPLACEMENT
TOLERANCE.
x. Enter Tolerance Value: v
0.0001 [Enter]
y. Click OK
z. Click OK
aa. Click MAIN
x
w z
aa
y
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-22
Setup and launch Nonlinear Static

Analysis.
a. Click JOBS.
d. Click AXISYM SOLID
c d

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-23
e. Select 116.
f. Click OK. e
g. Click ALL EXIST.
h. Click MAIN

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-24
Create an analysis job b

a. Click JOBS
c. Select lcase1
d. Select AXYSYMMETRIC. c
d
e

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-25
f. Select SCALAR:
EQUIVALENT VON-MISES
STRESS and
EQUIVALENT
STRESS/YIELD STRESS
g. Select TENSORS: STRESS
h. Click OK.
g
i. Click OK
f
f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-26
Step 16. Jobs: Run / Submit 1
Submit the analysis job. b
a. Click RUN. c
b. Click SAVE MODEL d
d. Click MONITOR.
e. Click OK.
f. Click MAIN.
e
f

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-27
Read Results, and postprocess.

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
Stress
g. Click OK e
h. Click LAST i
i. Click SCALAR
j. Select EQ. Stress/Yield
k. Click OK
a
f
j
k g
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-28
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-29
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-30
b e
f
Create stress plots along a path.
k c
a. Click PATH PLOT g
b. Click NODE PATH i
c. Enter the following path nodes:
1 4 5 8
d. Click END LIST (#)
e. Click VARIABLES
f. Click ADD CURVE
g. Click ARC LENGTH
h. Click COMP 22 of STRESS a
i. Click ARC LENGTH
j. Click COMP 33 of STRES
k. Click FIT
h
j d

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-31
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-32
a. Click on
b. then click on

Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-33
Mar101, 10, October
March 2001
2003 WS 15-34
WORKSHOP 16
EXPERIMENTAL HYPERELASTIC
DATA FITTING

MAR101, Workshop 16, December 2003 WS 16-2
Model Description:
In this exercise we analyze a trunk door seal. The purpose of the
analysis is to examine the stresses and deflections created during
the closing of a door. The seal is made of a rubber material and
therefore will be modeled using hyperelastic material properties.
The trunk door is considered very stiff relative to the rubber seal and
can therefore be modeled using a rigid body.

Objectives:
Large displacement/ Large strain analysis
Contact analysis using a rigid body contact
Hyperelastic material model
Required:
You need to complete workshop 2 ìANALYSIS OF A RUBBER SEALî
before you start working on this exercise
A file named biaxial.data in your working directory (Ask your instructor
for it if you donít see it before starting.)
A file named uniaxial.data in your working directory (Ask your
A file named planar_shear.data in your working directory (Ask your

1. Open the file, rubber.mud created in Workshop 2.
2. Create the element properties.

Step 1. Files: Open
b
Import the IGS file.
a. Open FILES Menu.
b. Click OPEN.
c. Select rubber.mud. c
d. Click OK.

Open a new database. Name it a

Rubber.
a. Click SAVE AS.
b. Type SELECTION:
<work_directory>\rubber2
c. Accept name and close the
b
database file.
c
d. Click RETURN.


Step 3. Material Properties: Table / Experimental_data Fit
c
g
Read the data files a

a. Click MATERIAL
PROPERTIES. h
b. Click TABLES.
c. Click READ. d
d. Select RAW.
e. Select UNIAXIAL.DATA.
f. Click OK.
g. Click NAME.
h. Enter table name: UNIAXIAL
[ENTER].

i
i. Click TABLE TYPE.

j. Select
EXPERIMENTAL_DATA.

k
n
l
k. Click READ.
l. Select BIAXIAL.DATA.
m. Click OK. q
n. Click NAME.
o. Enter table name: BIAXIAL
[ENTER].
m
p. Click TABLE TYPE.
q. Select
EXPERIMENTAL_DATA.
o
r
u
w s
r. Click READ.
s. Select x
PLANAR_SHEAR.DATA.
t. Click OK. t v
u. Click NAME.
v. Enter table name:
PLANAR_SHEAR [ENTER].
w. Click TABLE TYPE.
x. Select
EXPERIMENTAL_DATA.
v
y. Click RETURN.
z. Select EXPERIMENTAL
DATA FIT.

aa
cc
ee
aa. Select UNIAXIAL. bb

bb. Select UNIAXIAL dd
cc. Select BIAXIAL. ff
dd. Select BIAXIAL.
ee. Select PLANAR SHEAR.
ff. Select PLANAR_SHEAR.
gg. Click ELASTOMERS.
gg

hh
hh. Click MOONEY(2).

ii. Select USE ALL DATA.
jj. Click COMPUTE.
kk. Click APPLY.
ll. Click OK.
mm. Click RETURE twice.
ii
jj kk ll mm

oo
nn. Click MORE. nn

oo. Check if it is MOONEY.
pp. Click MAIN. Make sure it shows as MOONEY, if itís
not, that means you didnít click APPLY
after you finished computing.
pp

Step 4. LoadCases: Mechanical / Static
Modify Load Cases.

a. Click LOADCASES.
c. Select STATIC.
d. Select MULTI-CRITERIA.
e. Click PARAMETERS.
d e

f
g
f. Click INITIAL FRACTION OF
LOADCASE TIME.
g. Enter loadcase parameter h
value: 0.1 [Enter].
h. Click TIME STEP SCALE
FACTOR. i
value: 1.2 [Enter].
j. Click # CUT BACKS j
ALLOWED.
value: 10 [Enter].
l. Click OK. k
m. Click OK. l
n. Click MAIN.
m
Step 5. JOBS: MECHANICAL / ANALYSIS OPTIONS
Modify Jobs:
a. Click JOBS.
c. Select ANALYSIS OPTIONS. d
d. Change PLASTICITY
PROCEDURE to SMALL
STRAIN.
e. Click OK.
f. Select JOB RESULTS.
c
a f

g. Select AVAILABLE ELEMENT
TENSORS: TOTAL STRAIN.
h. Select AVAILABLE ELEMENT
TENSORS: GLOBAL
STRESS..
i. Select AVAILABLE ELEMENT
SCALARS: EQUIVALENT
VON MISES STRESS.
j. Click OK.
k. Click OK.
g
k
h
i
j
m
l. Click RUN. n
m. Click SAVE MODEL
o
n. Click SUBMIT (1).
o. Click MONITOR (Wait and
program is running.
p. Once the program is
q. Click MAIN.

b
h
Check the results:

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
STRAIN.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click MONITOR.
g
l
i. Click SCALAR.
j. Select EQUIVALENT VON
MISES STRESS.
k. Click OK.
l. Click CLOSE.
m. Click MAIN.

Step 7. Material Properties: Experimental_data Fit / Elastomers
Read the data files a

b. Click EXPERIMENTAL DATA FIT.
c. Click ELASTOMERS.

d. Click OGDEN.
e. Select USE ALL DATA.
f. Click COMPUTE. d
g. Click APPLY.
h. Click OK.
i. Click RETURE twice.
f g h

k
j. Click MORE. j
k. Check if it is OGDEN.
l. Click MAIN.
Make sure it shows as OGDEN, if itís

not, that means you didnít click APPLY
after you finished computing.

d
Submit job
a. Click JOBS.
e
c
b. Click COPY f
c. Click RUN.
d. Click SAVE MODEL
e. Click SUBMIT (1).
f. Click MONITOR (Wait and
program is running.
g. Once the program is
h. Click MAIN.
a
c
g

b
h
Check the results

a. Select RESULTS.
c
c. Click DEF ONLY.
e. Click SCALAR.
STRAIN.
g. Click OK. e
h. Click MONITOR.
g
l
i. Click SCALAR.
j. Select EQUIVALENT VON
MISES STRESS.
k. Click OK.
l. Click CLOSE.
m. Click MAIN.
i
j

a. Click on
b. then click on


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MSC.

Tokyo, Japan United States Munich, Germany

Introduction to MSC.MARC and MENTAT

Mar101, Workshop 1, October 2003

(Data in next page)

Length, L 100.0 in 2.54 m

Open a new database named

g. Click FILL. The point coordinates may be entered

Create the surface from the four

With the cursor placed anywhere inside the

e. Enter quad points : 1 2 3 4 [Enter]

The surface will be created

Create mesh elements

When selecting (picking) a list of fem or

Create material property for steel a

Assign material properties to the

Create fixed B.C. on the left edge

Create the loadcase

Create the analysis job

d. Select LINEAR ELASTIC

p. Click 114 (4-Node Quad.

Run the linear analysis

Plot linear analysis results

g. Select CONTOUR BANDS.

n. Click MAXIMUM FRACTION

q. Click SOLUTION CONTROL.

Create a nonlinear analysis

h. Deselect fixed initial

Run the nonlinear analysis

Plot nonlinear analysis results

h. Select CONTOUR BANDS.

■ Compare the results

Small Deflection Large Deflection

Small Deflection Large Deflection

Compare with these (8x1 mesh)

Note the horizontal

 As a final step, do the following:

Small Deflection Large Deflection

When you are done working with this model

c. and finally click on

ANALYSIS OF A RUBBER SEAL

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-3

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-4

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-5

Import the IGS file. c

Open a new database. Name it

With the cursor placed anywhere inside

Create mesh for the model.

When creating a list of fem or

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-8

Notice that when the DYN.MODEL

Create automesh for the surface.

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-11

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-12

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-13

Remove duplicated nodes.

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-14

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-15

Create Material Properties. f

Create Geometric Properties. f

MAR101, Workshop 2, October 2003 WS 2-19

As a final step, do the following: