Professional Documents
Culture Documents
APPLICATION CASE 1)
By:
Herry Vaza 2)
Idwan Suhendra 3)
ABSTRACT
1
) Presented in Indonesia-Korean Conference, Bandung July 2007.
2
) Directorate of Technical Affair, DGH, Public Works
3
) PT Hutama Karya.
1. INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is a tropical country consists of many islands and has many great and
small rivers. More than 88.000 bridges or equivalent about 1.000 km in length,
permanent and temporary bridges including railway crossing are recorded. From
those amount more than 29.000 bridges located in the main road network system
which supporting the economics directly i.e. at the national and provincial roads link.
Those are equivalent to 450 km in length and the rest exist on the district, rural, and
urban roads.
From all of the existing bridges on the national and provincial road links, the
amount of bridges that crossing the rivers with width more than 100 meters is less
than 2%. Although, rivers with big channel is not so much compare to others,
Indonesia has also adopted advanced bridge structural and technology as indicated
by application of prestress structure, cable supported structure, slim and light
structure and the more challenging architectural demand for crossing big rivers as
well as for urban infrastructure.
Load transfer mechanism for steel truss arch bridge in principle is that those all
loads which are normally distributed over bridge deck is transfer through hanger and
continued to rigid truss, and then forwarded to substructure in form of vertical force
which is equivalent to live and dead loads, while for horizontal force the magnitude
depends on arch crown-span ratio. Furthermore, in the construction stage, the most
dominant loads occur during erection are mainly from dead load, live load (erection
equipment/traveler) and wind/temperature load, which depends on where bridge
located.
Every bridge has different characteristics even it comes from same type.
Specific construction method should be considered for each design to create
effective and efficient product. In the lack of preparing construction method results
cost significantly increase due to miss-understanding forces exist during construction
or to prevent from exceeding structure capacity and even in some cases, the
structure cannot be erected. In this condition, contractor is not fully aware of working
method which is normally attached in the contract document.
Familiar with design drawing prior preparing construction drawing is most critical
parts for the contractor and will dictate the end products.
In the bridge site, all bridge components are erected according to marks and
sequencely erected which is available in manual guideline prepare by steel
manufacture. An alternative procedure is possible, if the appointed contractor has a
different sequence. An alternative procedure should have approved by engineering
prior implementation.
For selected method of construction, when erected main structure, the steel
truss arch should proof that the gravitation is neglected and therefore the contractor
should capable with their method to achieve the elevation as shown in the soft
drawing otherwise remain components could not be fitted in the position as the main
structure is not erected as the schedule.
After all steel truss components are in position and in accurate elevation than
continuing with erection of hanger and deck system (tie-beam) excluded concrete
deck. In this stage, elevation of steel truss will deflect from original as the weights of
tie-beam apply and adjustment should carry-out to bring steel truss up to the original
position. Contractor should capable to perform all adjustments require up to this
stage by any means.
Pouring the concrete deck is following step and will induce bridge to deflect
much and will make the support to further longer as elasticity of the bridge. The
magnitude of movement can be predicted from analysis, however the tightening of
the structure connections is great influence to this movements and this normally is
not consider in analysis. Minimize numbers of bolts used in structure could help
better in prediction of this movements. Adjustment in this stage is not worth as the
dead load become higher. The deck deflection under dead load should be controlled
so available bridge camber is within bridge design criteria.
Construction Engineering
The following ultimate limit state should also be considered and total load
should define during design to avoid overloading during construction:
It can be seen that moment, tension, and deformation on the cable under
ultimate limit state loading are significantly different from those at serviceability limit
state, and even more. Therefore, detailed and accurate calculation will produce
successful construction, low accident and cost in considerable within timeframe.
Construction Method
In case of the Martadipura steel truss arch bridge, the alternatives should be set
forward before establishing the working method. To enable selection of an
appropriate method such alternatives include as shown in Figure 6 below.
Pylons located at main pier at the outer side of the truss. This position has an
advantage for truss stability against lateral wind load in addition to maintain arch
bridge alignment. Furthermore, the stayed cable connects to the truss which are
located at outer side of the truss to allow mass-crane manuver freely when moving to
the next segment.
4. CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
Preparation
Prior to arch assembly, make sure all accessories such as metal bearing and
support triangle have been mounted. While truss mounted simultaneously should be
linked first as per beam number. Arch truss mounting can be conducted by fastening
vertical beam onto temporary triangle. At this time, all position should have been
defined based on measurement.
Pylon Erection
Pylon erection is conducted using crawler crane of 45 ton capacity. For simply,
pylon erection is conducted simultaneously between left and right side. Pylon
verticality should be always controlled during erection so that inclination at the top of
upper pylon is not more than 5 cm.
Strand Mounting
• Stayed #1
• Stayed #3
• Stayed #4
Final Erection
Hanger Assembly
At this stage, all arch truss bolts has been tightened to 100%, and all cable
stayed at supports P6 and P7 remain in the position.
Tie-Beam Assembly
5. CLOSING