Contents

1. Main differences between the so called “European model” of

professional sport and the U.S. one

2. What is a League?

3. The Italian football pyramid and the Italian Professional

Football League

4. The main Leagues in Europe and their different structures

5. Football and television in Europe. The solidarity system

6. The economic burden and the polarisation

1. Main differences between the so
called “European model” of
professional sport and the U.S. one
 The Western European model of Sport (Soccer)

r Mixed model: governmental and non-governmental organisations side

by side (more in Southern Europe, less in Northern)
r Pyramidal, i.e. open (often an organisational pyramid coexists with an
operational one)
r Exclusive: only one National Federation per sport per country (within the
Olympic movement framework)
r Strongly internationalised: international and/or European Federations,
competitions, markets (clubs, players, managers, sponsors,
broadcasters, fans, …….)
r Grassroots approach (the development of sport originates from the level
of clubs: clubs come first)
 The ITALIAN football pyramid (operational)
NUMBER OF PARTICPATING TEAMS PROMOTION/RELEGATION MECHANISM
20
SERIE A 3
22
SERIE B 3 4
36
PRIMA DIVISIONE 4 6

54
SECONDA DIVISIONE 6 9

162 SERIE D 9 36

471 ECCELLENZA 36

870 PROMOZIONE

1.645 PRIMA CATEGORIA

2.853 SECONDA CATEGORIA

3.327 TERZA CATEGORIA

 What does "open" really mean?

Ø The UEFA Club Licensing System for

the admission to UEFA Club
Competitions

Ø The Spanish rules for teams being

promoted from Segunda Division B (3rd
level) to Segunda Division A (2nd level)

Ø The English rules for teams being

promoted from Football Conference
(5th level) to Third Division (4th level)

Ø The Scottish rules for teams being

promoted from First Division (2nd level)
to Scottish Premier League (1st level)

Ø ……………….. Etc. etc. etc

 The administration of sport system in US

Physical Membership of IOC;

Education at HIGH SCHOOL sport system participation of US
(Nat. Fed. of State High UNITED STATES teams and athletes in
school (11-16)
School Associations) OLYMPIC Olympic Games;
STATE COMMITTEE promotion and
coordination of
SCOLARSHIPS competitive amateur
non-school sport

Amateur sport STATE

COLLEGIATE sport system
at collegiate (NCAA, NAIA, NJCAA, AIWA:

ip
Membership of Int.l

rsh
level Regional Conferences, Federations;

be
participation of US

em
STATE (?) Divisions)
teams and athletes in

e m
international

tiv
Ac
competitions;
DRAFT SYSTEM NATIONAL promotion and
GOVERNING coordination of a
BODIES (e.g. USA specific discipline at
Professional PROFESSIONAL sport Basketball) amateur non-school
sport system level
(Professional Leagues) STATE
PRIVATE AMATEUR
ATHLETIC
UNION
2. What is a League?
 The nature of Professional Leagues in US

US Professional Leagues act as cartels, in 3 main ways:

1. Control of players through a draft system (awarding each club the

exclusive right to contract with the player drafted), contracts (league
negotiates contract with players union) and trades (reserve clauses).
Players have no control of who they want to play for, except for
free agents

2. Control of location and relocation of teams and full approval of

ownership of teams

3. Negotiation of a single media rights agreement, and control of

territories and market
 The autonomy of the NBA: the powers of the Commissioner

In theory, the Commissioner serves both management (the clubs and their owners) and labor (the players
and the unions)
In practice, he is selected by and serve for management (but NOT under the direct supervision and
control of the owners as a corporate CEO is of the BoD)
Among his main tasks:
• Resolution of disputes (players, clubs, leagues)
• Disciplinary matters administration
• Rule-making authority
• Negotiation of television and commercial contracts on behalf of clubs (or together with them)
• Negotiation of Collective Bargaining Agreements on behalf of clubs (or together with them)
• Approval of player contracts
• Administration of draft procedures
• Authority to investigate and impose sanctions when not in best interest of game (penalize gamblers,
drug users, other)
• Enforcement of managerial rules
 The SOLIDARITY SYSTEM in the United States
NFL
Gate Receipts: 60/40 (Home, Away) regular season; 50-50 playoffs (including club
seat revenue)
Media: shared equally
Licensing, marketing, promotion, publishing: shared equally
NBA
Gate Receipts: home team keeps 100%
Media: national telecasts shared equally
Licensing, marketing, promotion, publishing: shared equally
MLB
Gate Receipts: 80/20-Home/Away, American League; 95/5 Home/Away, National
League
Licensed Merchandise: all is shared equally
Media: only national telecasts are shared equally; otherwise home team keeps 66%
 The typical roles of the Professional Leagues in Europe

1. ORGANISATION AND PROMOTION OF ITS OWN COMPETITIONS:

daily management of sporting activity (on behalf of the National
Association)

2. SYNDACATION: representation and protection of corporative

interests of members towards the National Association and/or other
bodies within the system

3. ADVICE and SUPPORT to member clubs: organisation, management,

marketing, communication, events, legal and administrative matters

4. GROUP MARKETING: collective selling of television and/or other

commercial rights
 The typical tasks of a Professional Leagues in Europe

1. Competitions
2. Fixture-scheduling
3. Recognition as the representative of the football employers
4. Sale of commercial rights on behalf of the member clubs
5. Solidarity (redistribution of revenues)
6. Promotion of the game (e.g. improvement of its image and general
interest)
7. Regulations
8. Clearing House functions
9. Stadia matters
 An example: The saturation of the International Calendar (a real domino game)
Luglio 2009 Agosto 2009 Settembre 2009 Ottobre 2009 Novembre 2009 Dicembre 2009

1 M CL - I PRELIM. ANDATA 1 S 1 M 1 G EL - I TURNO II GIORNATA 1 D SERIE A TIM - 11ª andata 1 M TIM CUP - IV Turno
2 G EL - I PRELIM. ANDATA 2 D TIM CUP - I Turno 2 M 2 V 2 L 2 M
EL - I TURNO V GIORNATA
3 V 3 L 3 G 3 S SERIE B TIM - 8ª andata 3 M 3 G
CL - I TURNO IV GIORNATA
4 S 4 M 4 V 4 D SERIE A TIM - 7ª andata 4 M 4 V
CL - III PRELIM. RITORNO
5 D 5 M 5 S GEORGIA - ITALIA (QM) 5 L 5 G EL - I TURNO IV GIORNATA 5 S SERIE B TIM - 17ª andata
6 L 6 G EL - III PRELIM. RITORNO 6 D SERIE B TIM - 3ª andata 6 M 6 V 6 D SERIE A TIM - 15ª andata
7 M 7 V 7 L 7 M 7 S SERIE B TIM - 13ª andata 7 L
CL - I PRELIM. RITORNO
8 M 8 S SUPERCOPPA TIM 8 M 8 G 8 D SERIE A TIM - 12ª andata 8 M
CL - I TURNO VI GIORNATA
9 G EL - I PRELIM. RITORNO 9 D TIM CUP - II Turno 9 M ITALIA - BULGARIA (QM) 9 V 9 L 9 M
10 V 10 L 10 G 10 S IRLANDA - ITALIA (QM) 10 M 10 G TIM CUP - 1/8
11 S 11 M 11 V 11 D SERIE B TIM - 9ª andata 11 M 11 V FIFA CLU B W O RLD CH AM PIO N SH IP
12 D 12 M Amichevoli Squadre Nazionali 12 S SERIE B TIM - 4ª andata 12 L 12 G 12 S SERIE B TIM - 18ª andata
13 L 13 G 13 D SERIE A TIM - 3ª andata 13 M 13 V 13 D SERIE A TIM - 16ª andata
14 M 14 V 14 L 14 M ITALIA - CIPRO (QM) 14 S Play-off and qualificazioni Mondiali 14 L
CL - II PRELIM. ANDATA
15 M 15 S TIM CUP - III Turno 15 M 15 G 15 D SERIE B TIM - 14ª andata 15 M TIM CUP - 1/8
CL - I TURNO I GIORNATA
16 G EL - II PRELIM. ANDATA 16 D 16 M 16 V 16 L 16 M
EL - I TURNO VI GIORNATA
17 V 17 L 17 G EL - I TURNO I GIORNATA 17 S SERIE B TIM - 10ª andata 17 M 17 G
18 S 18 M 18 V 18 D SERIE A TIM - 8ª andata 18 M Play-off rit qualificazioni Mondiali 18 V
CL - PLAY-OFF ANDATA
19 D 19 M 19 S SERIE B TIM - 5ª andata 19 L 19 G 19 S SERIE B TIM - 19ª andata
20 L 20 G EL - PLAY-OFF ANDATA 20 D SERIE A TIM - 4ª andata 20 M 20 V 20 D SERIE A TIM - 17ª andata
CL - I TURNO III GIORNATA
21 M 21 V 21 L 21 M 21 S SERIE B TIM - 15ª andata 21 L
CL - II PRELIM. RITORNO
22 M 22 S SERIE B TIM - 1ª andata 22 M SERIE B TIM - 6ª andata 22 G EL - I TURNO III GIORNATA 22 D SERIE A TIM - 13ª andata 22 M
23 G EL - II PRELIM. RITORNO 23 D SERIE A TIM - 1ª andata 23 M SERIE A TIM - 5ª andata 23 V 23 L 23 M
24 V 24 L 24 G 24 S SERIE B TIM - 11ª andata 24 M 24 G
CL - I TURNO V GIORNATA
25 S 25 M 25 V 25 D SERIE A TIM - 9ª andata 25 M 25 V
CL - PLAY-OFF RITORNO
26 D 26 M 26 S SERIE B TIM - 7ª andata 26 L 26 G TIM CUP - IV Turno 26 S
27 L 27 G EL - PLAY-OFF RITORNO 27 D SERIE A TIM - 6ª andata 27 M 27 V 27 D
28 M 28 V UEFA SUPERCUP 28 L 28 M SERIE A TIM - 10ª andata 28 S SERIE B TIM - 16ª andata 28 L
CL - III PRELIM. ANDATA
29 M 29 S SERIE B TIM - 2ª andata 29 M 29 G 29 D SERIE A TIM - 14ª andata 29 M
30 G EL - III PRELIM. ANDATA 30 D SERIE A TIM - 2ª andata 30 M
CL - I TURNO II GIORNATA
30 V 30 L 30 M
LEGENDA
31 V 31 L 31 S SERIE B TIM - 12ª andata 31 G

SERIE A TIM
Gennaio 2010 Febbraio 2010 Marzo 2010 Aprile 2010 Maggio 2010 Giugno 2010 SERIE B TIM
1 V 1 L 1 L 1 G EL - 1/4 ANDATA 1 S SERIE B TIM - 17ª ritorno 1 M TIM CUP
2 S 2 M 2 M 2 V SERIE B TIM - 12ª ritorno 2 D SERIE A TIM - 17ª ritorno 2 M SUPERCOPPA TIM
3 D 3 M TIM CUP - SEMIFINALI ANDATA 3 M Amichevoli Squadre Nazionali 3 S SERIE A TIM - 13ª ritorno 3 L 3 G UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE (CL)
4 L 4 G 4 G 4 D 4 M 4 V
UEFA EUROPA LEAGUE (EL)
5 M SERIE B TIM - 20ª andata 5 V 5 V 5 L 5 M TIM CUP - FINALE 5 S
SERIE A TIM - 18ª andata SERIE B TIM - 3ª ritorno SERIE B TIM - 7ª ritorno
UEFA SUPERCUP
6 M 6 S 6 S 6 M 6 G 6 D
CL - 1/4 RITORNO
7 G 7 D SERIE A TIM - 4ª ritorno 7 D SERIE A TIM - 8ª ritorno 7 M 7 V 7 L FIFA Club World Championship
8 V 8 L 8 L 8 G EL - 1/4 RITORNO 8 S SERIE B TIM - 18ª ritorno 8 M FIFA WORLD CUP 2010
9 S SERIE B TIM - 21ª andata 9 M 9 M 9 V 9 D SERIE A TIM - 18ª ritorno 9 M Date per le squadre nazionali
CL - 1/8 RITORNO
10 D SERIE A TIM - 19ª andata 10 M TIM CUP - SEMIFINALI RITORNO 10 M 10 S SERIE B TIM - 13ª ritorno 10 L 10 G
11 L 11 G 11 G EL - 1/8 ANDATA 11 D SERIE A TIM - 14ª ritorno 11 M 11 V
12 M 12 V 12 V 12 L 12 M EL - FINALE 12 S
13 M TIM CUP - 1/8 13 S SERIE B TIM - 4ª ritorno 13 S SERIE B TIM - 8ª ritorno 13 M SERIE B TIM - 14ª ritorno 13 G 13 D
14 G 14 D SERIE A TIM - 5ª ritorno 14 D SERIE A TIM - 9ª ritorno 14 M 14 V 14 L
15 V 15 L 15 L 15 G 15 S SERIE B TIM - 19ª ritorno 15 M
16 S SERIE B TIM - 1ª ritorno 16 M 16 M 16 V 16 D SERIE A TIM - 19ª ritorno 16 M
CL - 1/8 ANDATA CL - 1/8 RITORNO
17 D SERIE A TIM - 1ª ritorno 17 M 17 M 17 S SERIE B TIM - 15ª ritorno 17 L 17 G
18 L 18 G EL - 1/16 ANDATA 18 G EL - 1/8 RITORNO 18 D SERIE A TIM - 15ª ritorno 18 M 18 V
19 M 19 V 19 V 19 L 19 M 19 S
20 M TIM CUP - 1/4 20 S SERIE B TIM - 5ª ritorno 20 S SERIE B TIM - 9ª ritorno 20 M 20 G 20 D
CL - SEMIFINALI ANDATA
21 G 21 D SERIE A TIM - 6ª ritorno 21 D SERIE A TIM- 10ª ritorno 21 M 21 V 21 L FIFA W ORLD CUP 2010
22 V 22 L 22 L 22 G EL - SEMIFINALI ANDATA 22 S CL - FINALE 22 M
23 S SERIE B TIM - 2ª ritorno 23 M 23 M SERIE B TIM - 10ª ritorno 23 V 23 D SERIE B TIM - 20ª ritorno 23 M
CL - 1/8 ANDATA
24 D SERIE A TIM - 2ª ritorno 24 M 24 M SERIE A TIM - 11ª ritorno 24 S SERIE B TIM - 16ª ritorno 24 L 24 G
25 L 25 G EL - 1/16 RITORNO 25 G 25 D SERIE A TIM - 16ª ritorno 25 M 25 V
26 M 26 V 26 V 26 L 26 M 26 S
27 M TIM CUP - 1/4 27 S SERIE B TIM - 6ª ritorno 27 S SERIE B TIM - 11ª ritorno 27 M 27 G 27 D
CL - SEMIFINALI RITORNO
28 G 28 D SERIE A TIM - 7ª ritorno 28 D SERIE A TIM - 12ª ritorno 28 M 28 V 28 L
29 V 29 L 29 G EL - SEMIFINALI RITORNO 29 S 29 M
30 S 30 M 30 V 30 D SERIE B TIM - 21ª ritorno 30 M
CL - 1/4 ANDATA
31 D SERIE A TIM - 3ª ritorno 31 M 31 L
 Vice versa: the typical tasks of a Football Association in Europe/1

1. National football governing body

2. Key role to coordinate and guarantee the relationships between the main actors of the football
system: clubs, players, referees, managers, coaches, fan ”community”
3. Institutional relationships: FIFA and UEFA; NOC; Sports Ministry
4. Football development and promotion at national level:
• National technical academy
• Amateur football
• Youth and grassroots
• Female football
• Improvement of the infrastructures
• Development of football administration
• R&D (health safeguard and medical education, coaching methods, training of coaches,
training and assistance of young players, …)
5. Administration of all the national teams
6. Format of the Championships
 Vice versa: the typical tasks of a Football Association in Europe/2

7. Management, coordination and administration of its own competitions: i.e. National Cup (not in
Italy)
8. Doping prevention and repression
9. Approval/control over the Regulations of the Professional Football Leagues and monitoring of
their activities
10. Affiliation of clubs and registration of players, coaches, managers, other straff of the clubs,
referees
11. Ruling (i.e. registration/fielding of non-national players)
12. Regulatory functions and guarantor of the system:
• disciplinary matters (Sport Justice)
• referees (recruitment, training, evaluation, appointment, introduction and application of the amendments
of the Laws of the Game)
• supervision of the clubs (i.e. national licensing)
• granting solidarity between the different levels of the system (i.e. from professional to amateur football)
13. Maximization of the revenues of the National Association from gate receipts, sponsoring,
licensing, merchandising, audiovisual and new media rights related to the brand and other assets
related to the National Association (mainly national teams)
 The European Leagues between autonomy and dependence

1. AUTONOMY: questions of specific interest to the

associated clubs

2. RESPONSABILITIES SHARED WITH THE NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION: questions of general interest to the
football system (e.g: promotion and relegation mechanisms; number
of clubs; admission criteria; season’s calendar; appointment of Chairman and
Chief Executive; compliance with the FA Rules; clubs participation in the
National Cup; compliance with international duties (national teams activity
and summons); rules involving also other Leagues (e.g. clubs’ cross-
ownership)

(DEPENDENCE)
3. The Italian football pyramid and
the Italian Professional Football
League
 The Italian Football pyramid: a much more complex system

FIFA
FIFA IOC
IOC
Italian
ItalianMinistry
Ministry
UEFA
UEFA for
forCultural
Cultural
Affairs
Affairs(also
(also
respons.
respons.for
forsport)
sport)
AIAC
AIAC CONI
CONI
(Managers
(Managers (NOC)
LNP
LNP (NOC)
Union)
Union)
AIC
AIC FIGC
FIGC
(Players
(Players LICP
LICP (Italian
(Italian Football
Football Federation)
Federation) Technical Youth
Technical Youth Dept.
Dept.
Union)
Union) Dept.
Dept.
LND
LND Referees
Referees
Local
Local levels
levels Ass.
Ass.
FIGC
FIGC
(Regional,
(Regional, Provincial
Provincial and
and Local
Local Local
Local levels
levels
Commitees)
Commitees)

CLUBS
CLUBS
PLAYERS
PLAYERS
MANAGERS
MANAGERS
 The Italian Football pyramid: the main products offered

WORLD CUP
CHAMPIONS LEAGUE
OLYMPIC SOLIDARITY
Italian
Italian Government/Parliament
Government/Parliament
UEFA CUP
EURO CHAMPIONSHIP WORLD CLUBS
OLYMPIC SUPERVISION/VIGILANCE
EUROPEAN SUPERCUP CHAMPIONSHIP
GAMES SPORTS LAWS
FIFA
FIFA IOC
IOC
UEFA
UEFA NOC FINANCING
SERIE A ANTI-DOPING
SERIE B
CONI
CONI
ITALIAN CUP LNP
LNP (NOC)
(NOC) ITALIAN PARTICIPATION TO O.G.
ITALIAN SUPERCUP FUNCTIONING OF NA’s SYSTEM
SOLIDARITY SYSTEM
FIGC
FIGC ANTI-DOPING

LICP (Italian
(Italian Football
Football Federation)
Federation)
LICP Technical
Technical Youth
Youth Referees
Referees
LEGA PRO 1° DIV. Dept.
Dept. Dept.
Dept. Ass.
Ass.
LEGA PRO 2° DIV.
LND
LND
TRAINING AND
SERIE D NATIONAL TEAMS ACTIVITY QUALIFICATION OF YOUTH
REGIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS FUNCTIONING OF PYRAMID MANAGERS (SCHOOL)
LOCAL CHAMPIONSHIPS DISCIPLINE AND REGULARITY ACTIVITY
FEMALE FOOTBALL CONTROL OVER PROFESSIONAL CLUBS (Under 16) MATCH
FUTSAL
REGULARITY
-> CREDIBILITY OF THE WHOLE SYSTEM
 The Italian Football pyramid: the institutional organization

11 INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL
FIFA
FIFA

11 FIGC
FIGC
NATIONAL
NATIONAL
(Italian
(Italian Football
Football
Federation)
Federation)

19
19 Regional
Regional
FIGC
FIGC REGIONAL
REGIONALAND
ANDLOCAL
LOCAL
(Regional,
(Regional, Provincial
Provincial and
and Local
Local
130
130 Local
Local Committees)
Committees)

14.000
14.000 CLUBS
CLUBS
GRASSROOTS
GRASSROOTS
1.200.000
1.200.000 REGISTERED
REGISTEREDPLAYERS
PLAYERS
55.000
55.000 COACHES
COACHES
 The composition of the Italian FA EXCO

NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL NATIONAL FOOTBALL NATIONAL PROFESSIONAL

LEAGUE (Serie A and B): 4 FEDERATION: President LEAGUE (Lega Pro 1°Div. and
representatives 2°Div.): 4 representatives

NATIONAL AMATEUR LEAGUE

: 8 representatives 27 members PLAYERS: 6
representatives
3 vice Presidents: one elected
by the President and 2
NAT. FED.
TECHNICAL elected by the EXCO among MANAGERS: 3
DEPARTMENT: those groups that did not representatives
President
support the candidature of
the President
NAT. FED. YOUTH REFEREES
DEPARTMENT: ASSOCIATION:
President President
 The role and tasks of the Italian “Lega Calcio”/1

1. Organisational and administrative independence

2. Organisation of Serie A and B Championships, Italian Cup, League Super Cup,
“Primavera” youth tournaments (Championship and Italian Cup)
3. Definition of official Fixtures, dates and kick-off times
4. Representation of the member clubs toward the other components of the
national football system
5. Signature of Collective Bargaining Agreements on behalf of its member clubs
6. Negotiation of some television and radio contracts on behalf of the clubs
(national free-to-air television highlights and national radio rights to Serie A
and Serie B championships. Pay TV and PPV of Serie B. Radio and television
rights, both free and pay, of the Italian Cup knock-out rounds). From
2010/11 the League will negotiate all the audiovisual rights that are now sold
individually.
 The role and tasks of the Italian “Lega Calcio”/2

7. Negotiation of commercial rights belonging to the League (e.g. title

sponsor of the championship, official match ball).
8. Collection of the commercial deals signed individually by its member
clubs
9. Discipline of the access of media operators to football grounds
10. Definition, operation and guarantee of the redistribution of financial
resources among its members (“SOLIDARITY SYSTEM”)
11. Definition of administrative rules for member clubs
12. Monitoring, homologation and improvement of stadia
13. Action as a clearing-house for financial obligations of its member
clubs as a result of players transfers
The operating structure of LNP

cita
e sJu
ro
p
SC
yg
m
D
ln
b
T
A
d
FP
R
hG
-B
kX
O
E
VL
M
fIctau
se

ce
ita
sJu
ro
p
SC
yg
m
D
ln
b
T
A
d
FP
R
hG
-B
kX
O
E
VL
M
fIcta
se
u
 The operating structure of LNP/1

• The General Assembly: appoint the President, approve the financial statements, appoint the
League’s members to the Federation EXCO, amend and approve the League’s Regulations,
approve the criteria for the distribution of the revenues negotiated by the League.
• The Category Assemblies: appoint the Vice President representing the category, appoint the
members to the League’s EXCO (6 for Serie A and 5 for Serie B), approve the criteria for the
distribution of the revenues negotiated by the League and competent to the category.
• Executive Committee: decides on the political and administration strategies of the League,
appoint the CEO and Deputy CEO, decides based on the proposals of the CEO the League
operating structure, appoint Committees to advise on particular matters, appoint external
advisors, schedules the calendars of the competitions with dates and kick-off times, defines
the financial criteria toward the League that the clubs must comply with to receive the
License for participating in the Championship, manages the revenues competent to the
League, can propose to the Assemblies the criteria for the distribution of the revenues,
proposes to the General Assembly possible amendments to the League’s Regulations,
approve the Regulations for the admission of media, journalists and photographers to the
stadia.
 The operating structure of LNP/2

• The President: is the legal representative of the League, chairs the

Assemblies, the EXCO and the Presidency Committee, is responsible
of the implementation of the decisions taken by the EXCO and the
Presidency Committee, supervises the administration of the League
according to the directives given by the Presidency Committee.

• Presidency Committee: supervises the administration and

management of the League and approve the employment of
personnel.

• The CEO: is responsible of the implementation of the the decision

taken by the above mentioned bodies, is responsible of the
administration of the League’s offices, is responsible of the
administration of the personnel.
 The operating structure of LNP/3
The Departments
• General secretariat: organisation of the sporting activity, relations with clubs and
institutions, implementation of the regulations on stadia.
• Player’s registration: registration of the players, coaches and other technical staff
together with their contracts. Registration of Under 19 players (Primavera).
• Marketing and commercial relations: launching invitation to offer for the rights
competent to the League (e.g. official football, title sponsor etc.), new business,
organisation of the Tim Super Cup final, Tim Cup final and youth competitions
(Primavera) finals.
• Research and documentation: collecting data and drawing up reports on national and
international subjects related to football and sport in general (media rights, transfer of
players, betting market), organisation of technical meetings with member clubs on
different items (e.g. UEFA Licensing system, national licensing system).
• International relations: relations with FIFA, UEFA and European Leagues (Italian
Football League is member of the EPFL) and other international institutions (e.g. EU),
update on international regulations.
 The operating structure of LNP/4

The Departments
• Sporting judge secretariat: filing the referees match reports, preparing the relevant
documents and supporting the sporting judge on his activity.
• Board of arbitrators secretariat: collecting and filing documents related to contractual
disputes among players and clubs and coaches and clubs, preparing documents and
supporting arbitrators during the meetings, communication of the awards to the parties.
• Administration and finance: management of the clearing house, management of the
clubs’ accounts opened to settle the financial relationships among them, accounting,
management of the personnel’s payments procedures.
• TV and radio rights: implementation of the Regulations for the admission of media,
journalists and photographers to the stadia.
• Press office: relations with journalists and media, management of the social activities.
• EDP and logistics
4. The main Leagues in Europe
and their different structures
 Nature and legal status of the Professional Leagues in Europe

Number of Number of Nature of the relationship between League's

Autonomous Legal status of
COUNTRY Professional professional the League and the National operating
first division professional clubs
Leagues clubs Association autonomy

Limited/Joint-stock Delegation of functions by the FA,

ITALY 2 132 NO Medium
companies according to the FA Statutes

Creation of an independent
Limited/Joint-stock
ENGLAND 2 92 YES company by the PL, with the FA as a High
companies
shareholder

Limited/Joint-stock Delegation of functions by the FA,

SPAIN 1 42 NO companies and according to the Sports Law, Medium
Private Associations through a formal Agreement

Limited/Joint-stock
Agreement (contract) for the
GERMANY 1 36 (56) NO companies and Non High
provision of services
Profit Associations

Limited/Joint-stock Delegation of functions by the FA

FRANCE 1 40 (minimum) NO companies and through a formal Agreement and a Low
Private Associations Financial Protocol
 The structure and the functioning of the main Leagues

Autonom y by N A League/N A agreem ent

Statutes: organisation of w ith the scope of the
PL constituted through a
the Cham pionship, Sport Law : agreem ent supervision and
trilateral agreem ent: FA,
N ature of the internal organisation N A/League to define the coordination of the
Prem ier League and Football Service contract betw een the
relationship betw een and functioning scope of the League's professional clubs.
League. The Football League D eutsche Fussball Bund (D FB)
the League and the (com pliance w ith the autonom y. Suprem acy of League's decisions in
has a "Special Share" and a and the Professional League.
N ational A ssociation N ational O lym pic the Federation in case no contrast w ith the N A
pow er of veto on m atters of
Com m ittee and agreem ent is found. Statutes and Regulations,
general interest.
Federation Statutes and general interest: N A EXCO
Regulations). can change them .

Subsidy to relegated clubs for
tw o seasons. PL and FL set up
the criteria to distribute the
League Cup revenues
(organized by the FL). 5%
contribution for each player
The solidarity
D istinctive elem ents of transfer to the Football
m echanism inside the
the relationship League League Players’ Benefit
League: autonom ous
/ Federation Schem e. Contributions to the
decision.
FL for the youth
developm ent. 5%
contribution from the TV
contracts to the Football
Foundation and Players'
U nion.
A percentage of the
national players transfers
and TV rights to am ateur
football. "Buffet Law ": 5%
of the TV contracts to
Contribution of the League
finance sport.
to: the N A, Players' U nion,
Contribution to the
W age Equalisation Fund.
Players' U nion.
"Parachute" for relegated
"Parachute" for tw o years
clubs. The N A pays players
to the relegated clubs.
w ho got injured during
N ational Cup revenues:
national team m atches.
redistributed by the N A to
the participant clubs. U se
of the national team
revenues: agreem ent
League/N A.
3% of the TV contracts and gate
receipts to the N A (a m inim um
guarantee) as a royalty for the
rights that the N A has
transferred to the League. The
League pays a fee: for the rent
of the offices, the em ploym ent
of the N A staff and referees
expenses. 25% of the revenues
generated by the national team
m atches to the League (a
m inim um guarantee), including
a fee for the calling up of the
players and the insurance.
 Nature and legal status of the Professional Leagues in Europe

Degree of
Degree of Solidarity System of
Legal status of professional Solidarity Main and/or peculiar sources of
COUNTRY between the Top negotiation of
League within the revenues for Clubs
and Second Division television rights
Top Division

Private association (under the
ITALY
jurisdiction of the FA)
Collective (free)
Individual and collective television
Medium High Individual (pay and
contracts, football games and pools
overseas)

Joint-stock company, owned Stadia management, stock exchange,

ENGLAND by 20 clubs and the FA (under High Low Collective merchandising, matchday receipts,
the jurisdiction of the FA) collective television contracts

Private registered association

Individual television contracts, football
SPAIN (under the jurisdiction of the Low Medium Individual
pools
FA)

Private registered association

Collective television contracts,
GERMANY (under the jurisdiction of the High High Collective
sponsors, gate receipt
FA)

Private registered association

Collective television contracts, local
FRANCE (under the jurisdiction of the High High Collective
municipalities subsidies
FA)
 The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the FA Premier League

• Stadia
• Fans
• TV Rights
• Merchandising
• Global dimension and
international appeal
(importance of the language)
• Financial results (profitability)
• Poor solidarity to the Second
Division
• Sport culture
 The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the Spanish Liga

• Fiscal regime
• Easy of naturalization of the
players coming from South
America
• No solidarity
 The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the German Bundesliga

• Most beautiful stadia in Europe

• Attendance
• Sponsors
• Financial balance
 The European Leagues’ competitive advantages: the French Ligue 1

• Youth training academies

• Organization
• Recovered financial balance
 How many Professional Football Leagues are there in Europe?

Source: UEFA
 The structure of the main European professional championships

First Division Second Division Third Division Fourth Division

Total Professional Clubs
Club Relegations Club Promotion Relegations Club Promotion Relegations Club Promotion Relegations
AUSTRIA 10 1 12 1 2 22
BELGIUM 16 1 + 1 (2) 19 1 + 1 (4) 3 35
DENMARK 12 2 16 2 3 28
ENGLAND 20 3 24 2 + 1 (4) 3 24 2 + 1 (4) 4 24 3 + 1 (4) 2 92
FINLAND 14 1 + 1 (2) 14 1 + 1 (2) 3 28
FRANCE 20 3 20 3 3 40
GERMANY 18 3 18 3 2 + 1 (2) 20 2 + 1 (2) 3 56
GREECE 16 3 16 3 4 36 3 + 1 (3) 10 68
ITALY 20 3 22 2 + 1 (4) 3 + 1 (2) 36 2 + 2 (8) 2 + 4 (8) 54 3 + 3 (12) 3 + 6 (24) 132
NETHERLANDS 18 1 + 1 (2) 20 2 2 38
PORTUGAL 16 2 16 2 2 32
SCOTLAND 12 1 (6) 10 1 2 10 2 2 32
SPAIN 20 3 22 3 4 80 4 (16) 16 + 1 (4) 122
SWEDEN 14 2 + 1 (2) 16 2 + 1 (2) 3 30
SWITZERLAND 10 1 + 1 (2) 16 1 + 1 (2) 2 26
 Revenue breakdown of the main European Leagues

2.700 Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

2,441

2.400
23%*
2.100

1.800
1,438 1,438 1,421
1.500
48% 15% 13%

1.200 32%
13*% 989
28%
900 10%
20%
40% 61%
600 33%
29%
56%
300
24% 28% 13%
14%
0
Premier League Bundesliga Liga Profesional de Futbol Lega Calcio Ligue de Football
Professionelle
* Sponsoring, commercial and other sources
Gate Receipts TV Rights Sponsoring Commercial and other sources

4
 Revenue breakdown of the main European Clubs

Real Madrid 101 135,8 129

Manchester United 128,2 115,7 80,9
Barcelona 91,5 116,2 101,1
Bayern München 69,4 49,4 176,5
Chelsea 94,1 97,8 77
Arsenal 119,5 88,8 56,1
Liverpool 49,5 96,4 65
Milan 26,7 122,5 60,3
Roma 23,4 105,7 46,3
Inter 28,4 107,7 36,8
Juventus 12,5 106,6 48,4
Olympique Lyonnais 21,8 75 58,9
Schalke 04 32,3 56 60,1
Tottenham 51 50,9 43,1
Hamburger SV 45,5 28,7 53,7
Olympique Marseille 23,5 69,4 33,9
Newcastle United 41 51,9 32,7
VfB Stuttgart 18,7 43,9 48,9
Fenerbahce 27,9 26,7 56,7
Manchester City 23,4 54,6 26

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Matchday Broadcast Commercial

Source: Deloitte Football Money League 2009

 Total employees working for the Leagues

Country
Austria 14 Netherlands 6
Belgium 4 Norway 6
Bulgaria 8 Poland 8
Danmark 7 Portugal 30
England FL 43 Russia PL 30
England PL 65 Scotland 8
Finland 8 Slovenia 3
France 55 Spain 30
Germany 47 Sweden 4
Greece 30 Switzerland 8
Ireland 7 Wales 3
Italy 28
Source: EPFL
 An example: how does the English PL work? (Objectives)
§ Running, coordinating and managing the following competitions: Barclaycard
Premiership, Reserve tournament, Under-19 and Under-17 Academy Leagues
§ Appointing referees to its competitions (together with FA and FL)
§ Increase interest in our competitions, promote accessibility to live games and ensure
that media exposure is used to optimum effect
§ Generate increased commercial value through PL TV and commercial rights
management, using the resulting revenues to further enhance its competitions and
strengthen the long-term future of the FA Premier League and its clubs
§ Managing the redistribution of such revenues among PL clubs, according to solidarity
criteria
§ Use our power and influence responsibly to improve the game in this country and
abroad through partnership with the FA, UEFA and other bodies
§ Create a quality of competition that provides a platform from which our member clubs
and players can achieve unparalleled success in European or World competitions
 How does the "PL limited company" work?

The FA Premier League is owned by 20 shareholders (the member clubs), whose

membership in the league is dependent on the performance of their football team in the
Barclaycard Premiership.

The shareholders meet quarterly. Any shareholder can table a motion to be discussed at the
meeting. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote and all rule changes and major commercial
contracts require the support of two thirds of the clubs voting at a general meeting.

The Football Association is also a special shareholder. They have the right of veto in certain
crucial areas, such as the appointment of Chairman and Chief Executive and promotion and
relegation, but have no say on other areas of FA Premier League work.

The day-to-day business and statutory company responsibilities are handled by the Board of
Directors, which comprises of Chairman and Chief Executive, and the full-time members of
staff at the FA Premier League.

At the end of the season, relegated clubs will transfer their ordinary share to the promoted
clubs.
 Summary of the competences of the 5 main Leagues

Match Calendar YES YES YES YES YES

Representativeness of
the clubs in the
YES YES YES NO (UCPF) NO (No CBA)
Collective Bargaining
Agreement
Selling of the
NO (clubs) except for some
Championship TV and Partially (with clubs) YES YES YES
collective sponsoring
commercial rights

Sporting Judge and Partially (with the

NO (Federation) NO (Federation) NO (Federation) NO (Federation)
Disciplinary Committee Federation)

Referees NO (Federation) YES NO (Federation) NO (Federation) NO (Federation)

Competitions other than

YES NO YES YES YES
the Championship
5. Football and television in Europe.
The solidarity system
 Who sells TV Rights in Europe (2009-10)

Austria The League

The League, except live matches broadcasted abroad, Internet and UMTS non exclusive rights and secondary rights
Belgium
(delayed rights), which are sold by the clubs
Denmark The League
The League, except for Internet and UMTS, thematic channels and secondary rights, which are sold by the clubs
England
(only the whole matches, while the highlights are sold by the League)
Finland The League
France The League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), which are sold by the clubs
Germany The League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), which are sold by the clubs
The clubs, according to Law (the only country, together with Italy, that has a law, which attributes the titolarity of
Greece
rights to the clubs)
The League, except for secondary rights (on all media platforms), thematic channels rights and archive rights, which
Netherlands
are sold by the clubs
Portugal The Clubs
Scotland The League, except for internet rights, which are sold by the clubs
Spain The Clubs
Sweden The League together with the National Association
Negotiation of the rights of the Serie A TIM (2009-2010)
Package Rights Holder Media Platform Product Description Buyer

LIVE PAY-TV, PPV

Club Digital Satellite Home matches live SKY
Serie A TIM

LIVE PAY-TV, PPV

Club Digital Terrestrial Home matches live Mediaset, Dahlia TV
Serie A TIM

HIGHLIGHTS Free Highlights of all the championship matches

Lega Calcio Analogic terrestrial RAI
Serie A TIM starting from 18.15 on Sunday afternoon
Analogic terrestrial, digital
HIGHLIGHTS Free Highlights of all championship matches starting RAI, SportItalia, Local
Lega Calcio terrestrial (only non exclusive
Serie A TIM from 22.30 on Sunday night Broadcasters
national rights)

Analogic terrestrial, digital

LIVE TIM Cup Lega Calcio TIM Cup matches live RAI, Conto TV
terrestrial, digital satellite

LIVE RADIO Serie A

Lega Calcio Radio Serie A TIM matches live RAI
TIM

LIVE RADIO TIM Cup Lega Calcio Radio TIM Cup matches live RAI

WEB LIVE Club Internet Serie A TIM home matches live TELECOM Alice, MP web

UMTS Club Mobile Phone Serie A TIM home matches footage H3G e TIM, Vodafone (MP web)

DVB - H Club Mobile Phone Serie A TIM home matches live or delayed Mediaset, MP

INTERNATIONAL Club Any platform Serie A TIM home matches live or delayed RAI Trade, MP & Silva, SportFive
 Negotiation of the rights of the English Premier League in
England (from season 2007-2008 to season 2009-2010)

Product Description
Rights Media Choice categories Matches per club
Package Buyer
Holder Platform Total Timings
1st 2nd 3rd 4th Max. Min
matches
Pay-TV,
Premier
A UMTS and 23 23 4 1 Sun 16.00 BSkyB
League
Internet
Pay-TV,
Premier
B UMTS and 23 23 4 1 Sun 13.30 BSkyB
League
Internet

Pay-TV, Min. 12 matches Mon

Premier
C UMTS and 23 23 5 1 20.00; the remaining Sun Setanta
League
Internet 13.30, Sat 17.15 or other.

Pay-TV, Min. 18 matches Sat 17.15;

Premier
D UMTS and 8 15 23 5 1 the remaining Sun 13.30, Setanta
League
Internet Mon 20.00 or other.

Pay-TV,
Premier
E UMTS and 5 9 9 23 4 0 Sat 12.45 BSkyB
League
Internet
7/13 evening matches half
Pay-TV,
Premier week or holidays; 10/16
F UMTS and 10 7 6 23 4 1 BSkyB
League matches Sat 12.45 / Sun
Internet
16.00

Premier League has offered the 138 live broadcasted matches in 6 packages, following the “platform neutral” principle: it
means that the buyer can choose the platform and simultaneously broadcasting on different platforms

Source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 10 n. 8

 Negotiation of the other rights of the English Premier
League (from season 2007-2008 to season 2009-2010)
5 non-live packages:
• Free TV highlights (30 minutes for each match not broadcasted live and 10 minutes for
each match broadcasted live).
• Near-live clips for internet (10 clips per match 60 seconds each for a maximum of 5
minutes per match).
• UMTS Rights (offered for the first time. 8 clips during a match for 30 seconds each. The
clips can also be shown all together at the end of the first half and at the end of the
match).
• Two delayed packages (121 matches each for a total of 242 matches excluded from Live
packages. The matches can be broadcasted after Saturday 20.30 one match not
broadcasted live and after 22.00 all the other matches, in full or in highlights not less
than 45 minutes per match).
2 other Live packages:
• International
• Republic of Ireland

Source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 10 n. 8

 Negotiation of the rights of the Spanish Primera Division

Package Rights Holder Media Platform Product Description Buyer

9 out of 10 matches live of every Primera
PAY-TV / PPV LIVE Club Digital Satellite Mediapro
Division round

Saturday match live by a local television

LIVE Free TV Club Analogic terrestrial Mediapro
network

Live telephone broadcasting of Primera Division

LIVE RADIO League Radio Various buyer
matches

Live or delayed, full match or highlights, of

WEB Club ADSL Various buyer
home matches

UMTS Club Mobile Phone Footage of home matches Various buyer

Live or delayed, full match or highlights, of

International TV Club Any platform Various buyer
home matches
Negotiation of the rights of the French Ligue 1

ü The last deal (March 2008) covers three seasons,

starting from 2008/2009. LFP has bundled rights into
12 packages
ü Live rights are divided into 6 packages, 3 “Premium”
packages and 3 “Fans” packages. “Premium” includes
the 10 best Sunday night matches, the second
package includes the other 28 Sunday night matches
and the third package the 38 Saturday Night matches.
The packages cover TV, web and mobile.
The 3 “Fans” packages include all matches of all the
clubs (respectively 6, 7 and 7 for the first, second and
third package). If the matches are already included in
Premium packages, they can be broadcasted delayed
the same day.
ü LFP has bundled highlights rights into 4 packages,
differentiated between hour of transmission and
covered competition, and a mobile package (3G and
Mobile TV)
ü In total, the sale has generated revenues for 668
millions of euros (647 in the previous season).
 Negotiation of Rights of the German Bundesliga

Package Rights Holder Media Platform Product Description Buyer

Digital Satellite, Live Bundesliga matches, on free TV, Pay-TV and/or PPV. Priority to
LIVE TV Bundesliga Sky
Analogic terrestrial broadcast highlights on Pay-Tv and/or PPV.

HIGHLIGHTS and FREE Highlights of Bundesliga matches (priority on free TV), two live matches
Bundesliga Analogic terrestrial ARD
LIVE TV and 4 relegation matches per year on free TV.

Highlights of Bundesliga matches [first ( Saturday 18.30 ZDF), second and

FREE HIGHLIGHTS TV Bundesliga Analogic terrestrial DSF, ZDF
third rights]

LIVE Radio Bundesliga Radio Bundesliga matches live Various buyers

Full matches or part of them of the Bundesliga matches, live or in "near

WEB LIVE Bundesliga Internet Sky
live"

WEB DELAYED Bundesliga Internet Delayed highlights of Bundesliga matches Sky

Live, "near live" and/or delayed of full match or part of it, of the
MOBILE Bundesliga Mobile Phone Deutsche Telekom
Bundesliga matches; Delayed highlights of Bundesliga matches

Various buyers (DFL

Sports Enterprises
INTERNATIONAL Bundesliga Various Live matches
Worldwide Sales &
Distribution)
 The typical level of solidarity (redistribution of
resources) within the sport system

1. Solidarity between different sports (i.e. between “rich”

and “poor” sports)

2. Solidarity between different Leagues/areas of the same

sport (i.e. between professional and amateur sport)

3. Solidarity between different components of the same

League (i.e. between Serie A and Serie B)

4. Solidarity between different stakeholders of the same

championship (i.e. between big and small Serie A clubs)
 Distribution of revenues of Serie A TIM 2009-2010

• Gate receipts (tickets & season tickets): 18% to visiting club

• Solidarity payment to lower leagues: 0,1% of all individual TV and new media
rights and all collective audiovisual rights (free-TV, highlights and radio rights)
revenues destined to Lega Pro.
• Solidarity payment to “Foundation of general mutuality”: 0,15% of all
individual TV and new media rights and all collective audiovisual rights (free-TV,
highlights and radio rights) revenues destined to “Foundation of general
mutuality for all team sports”.
• Allocation of individual TV and new media rights (the so called “enlarged
base”: audiovisual rights for the Italian territory (digital satellite and digital
terrestrial), audiovisual rights destined to new platforms (ADSL/Internet and
DVB-H) and mobile rights: 20% of all individual revenues of each club, allocated
in equal parts pro quota to all clubs participating to Serie A TIM.
 Distribution of revenues of Serie A TIM 2009-2010 (2)
• Allocation of “collective” revenues of the League regarding Serie A TIM (free TV and
highlights rights of Serie A and Serie B TIM, radio rights of Serie A and Serie B TIM, TV
rights and radio rights of TIM Cup, sponsoring of the Championship):
(i) for each season, 50% of total revenues will be distributed in the following way:
- 10% of total revenues distributed, in equal parts, to the 4 teams with the highest
revenues for their individual rights selling
- 40% of total revenues, distributed in proportional shares depending on their final
league position, to the other 6 teams (quotas from 16 to 11).
(ii) The other 50% of total revenues will be distributed to:
- the 3 relegated teams to Serie B TIM at the end of each season: 7,5 millions of € to
teams which played 3 seasons in a row in Serie A TIM, 5 millions of € to teams which
played 2 seasons in a row in Serie A TIM and 2,5 millions of € to teams which played
only one season in Serie A TIM
- The residual part is distributed, in proportional shares depending on their final league
position, to the remaining clubs (quotas descending 1 unit, starting from 10)
 Distribution of TV rights revenues in Italy (starting from 2010)
A. 10% revenues for the purpose of the “general solidarity of the system” and to all Serie B clubs
B. two-years “parachute” for the teams relegated to Serie B: 5 millions of euros for the first
season in Serie B and 2,5 millions of euros for the second year, in the case of relegation of the
team after 2 seasons in a row in Serie A, or half of these amounts in case of only one season in
Serie A
C. distribution of the remaining part of the audiovisual rights of LNP according to the following
system:
• 40% distributed in equal parts among all Serie A clubs;
• 30% based on the so called “market pool”, 25% according to the number of fans of each
club and 5% according to the population of every team city;
• 30% based on “sporting results”, 5% according to the results of the current season, 15%
according to the results of the previous five seasons and 10% according to historical
results starting from season 1946/47;
D. “prize” for the clubs participating to UEFA Europa League (2,5 millions of euros), to be levied
to each club promoted to Serie A
E. Abolition of the share on gate receipts (18%)
 Trend of solidarity to the Italian Serie B (in thousands of Euro)
120.000

103.291 103.291 103.291

100.462
100.000 95.000 95.000 95.000
92.962 92.962 92.465
90.903
89.509

80.000
71.830

65.000
60.470 61.547
60.000

48.165 49.404
45.293

40.000 35.883
31.638
26.727

20.000

0
1987/88

1988/89

1989/90

1990/91

1991/92

1992/93

1993/94

1994/95

1995/96

1996/97

1997/98

1998/99

1999/00

2000/01

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09
Source: LNP
 Distribution of TV rights revenues in England

New agreement only for Live matches broadcasted in

1,3 bil. Euro
England starting from season 2007/2008:
(2007/2008)
per season
3 years estimate
Package TV estimate (in mil.
(in mil. €)
€)

A BSkyB 653,3 217,8

B BSkyB 362,9 121

C Setanta 284,5 94,8

25% D Setanta 284,5 94,8

50% 25% based on the E BSkyB 362,9 121
in equal shares based on the number TV
(included from 3 to final table appearance of
F BSkyB 508,1 169,4

6 half shares for the the clubs

Total 2.456,2 818,8
Source: TV Sports Markets Vol.10 n.8
teams relegated in Source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 10 n. 8
First Division in the
last two seasons) - International TV rights: 350 mil. Euro per season
- Highlights, Near Live, Ireland, Internet, Mobile clips:
186,6 mil Euro per season
(source: TV Sports Markets Vol. 11 n.1)
 Distribution of TV rights revenues in England (Season 2007-08)
Final TV Appearances Monies
League Basic Merit Overseas TOTAL
Live BBC Near Live Facility Fees
Position Award Payment TV
Arsenal 3 23 38 15 13.534 11.360 13.051 9.579 47.524
Aston Villa 6 17 38 21 13.534 8.731 10.876 9.579 42.720
Birmingham City 19 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 1.450 9.579 30.226
Blackburn Rovers 7 14 38 24 13.534 7.416 10.151 9.579 40.680
Bolton Wanderers 16 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 3.625 9.579 32.401
Chelsea 2 18 38 20 13.534 9.169 13.776 9.579 46.058
Derby County 20 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 725 9.579 29.501
Everton 5 15 38 23 13.534 7.854 11.601 9.579 42.568
Fulham 17 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 2.900 9.579 31.676
Liverpool 4 21 38 17 13.534 10.484 12.326 9.579 45.923
Manchester City 9 16 38 22 13.534 8.292 8.701 9.579 40.106
Manchester United 1 25 38 13 13.534 12.237 14.501 9.579 49.851
Middlesbrough 13 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 5.800 9.579 34.576
Newcastle United 12 20 38 18 13.534 10.045 6.526 9.579 39.684
Portsmouth 8 16 38 22 13.534 8.292 9.426 9.579 40.831
Reading 18 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 2.175 9.579 30.951
Sunderland 15 12 38 26 13.534 6.539 4.350 9.579 34.002
Tottenham Hotspur 11 11 38 27 13.534 6.101 7.251 9.579 36.465
West Ham United 10 11 38 27 13.534 6.101 7.976 9.579 37.190
Wigan Atheltic 14 10 38 28 13.534 5.663 5.075 9.579 33.851

Charlton Athletic 6.767 4.789 11.557

Sheffield United 6.767 4.789 11.557
Watford 6.767 4.789 11.557
West Bromwich Albion 6.767 4.789 11.557
Football League Solidarity* 6.767 4.789 11.557

TOTAL 289 760 471 304.515 152.262 152.262 215.525 824.569

Source: F.A. Premier League,
in thousands of pounds * The solidarity payment is the 'spare' parachute payment that is part of the new mechanism from 2007/08 that ensures a proportion of Premier League income is
redistributed down the professional football pyramid.

Note: UK Television income is distributed to Premier League full member and relegated clubs in accordance with Premier League rules. Essentially, the total of UK
Television income is pooled and after deducting monies in respect of amounts paid to the Prof
 Distribution of TV rights revenues in France

Buffet Tax (5%)

668 mil. Euro
(2008/2009) UNFP (1%)
Amateur Football (2,5%)

81% First Division Leagues Functioning (4%)

50% equal 20% TV 19% Second Division

30% table
shares appearances

25% 91% equal

5% last 5 15% current 5% last 5 9% table
current shares
seasons season seasons
season
 Distribution of TV rights revenues in Spain (2009-10)
2009-10
Fee p.a
Club Rightsholder Duration
€m
Primera Liga
Real Madrid Mediapro 157 2008-09 to 2012-13
Barcelona Mediapro 150 2006-07 to 2012-13
Atlético Madrid Telemadrid 42 2009-10 to 2013-14
Valencia Mediapro 30 2009-10 to 2013-14
Sevilla Mediapro 20 2006-07 to 2010-11
Athletic Bilbao Mediapro 18 2006-07 to 2010-11
Villareal Mediapro 17 2009-10 to 2013-14
Deportivo La Coruña Mediapro 15 2009-10 to 2013-14
Zaragoza Mediapro 14 2006-07 to 2010-11
Getafe Telemadrid 14 2009-10 to 2013-14
Espanyol Mediapro 14 2008-09 to 2012-13
Levante Mediapro 12 2009-10 to 2013-14
Racing Santander Mediapro 11 2006-07 to 2010-11
Real Betis Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14
Real Mùrcia Mediapro 10 2007-08 to 2011-12

G-30
Mallorca Mediapro 15 2009-10 to 2013-14
Recreativo Huelva Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14
Osasuna Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14
Valladolid Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14
Almeria Mediapro 10 2009-10 to 2013-14

Segunda Liga
G-30 (21 clubs) Mediapro 44 2009-10 to 2013-14
Celta Vigo Mediapro 2,5 2009-10 to 2013-14
Real Sociedad Mediapro 2,5 2008-09 to 2012-13

Total fees 638

Source: TV Sports Markets

 Distribution of TV rights revenues in Germany

National Rights, 2009/10 – International Rights,

2012/13 (412 mil. of €) 2009/10 – 2012/13

79% First 21% Second 100% First

Division Division Division

Based on the final Based on the final

table of the last 4 table of the last 4 In decreasing shares
years (weighted years (weighted based on the league
respectively with 4, respectively with 4, 3, table: from 4 mil. of
3, 2 and 1): to the 2 and 1): to the first euros for the first
first club of the club of the ranking ranked team to
ranking will be will be assigned 1,80% 690.000 euros for
assigned 5,80% of of the revenues, to the teams ranked
the revenues, to the the last team 0,90%) from the 8° until the
last team 2,90%) 18 place
Football on Italian TV now: Serie A TIM 2009-2010

4,8 millions of subscribers

(June 2009)

LIVE
• 7 matches every Sunday at 15.00
• 1 Match on Sunday at 20.45
• 2 matches on Saturday (18.00 and 20.45)

Saturday Sunday
Rai 2, from 22.35 HIGHLIGHTS Rai 2, from 18.10 and 22.40
Rete 4, from 22.35 Rete 4, from 22.40
Football on Italian TV now: Serie B TIM 2009-2010

LIVE

• 1 match on Friday at 20.45

• 9 matches every Saturday at 15.30
• 1 match on Monday at 20.45

HIGHLIGHTS

Saturday
Rai 3, from 18.10
Sportitalia, from 20.30
 The bid of exclusive national rights packages for Serie A 2010-2012
Minimum Bid
Package Platform Description
2010-2011 2011-2012
Broadcasting rights for all Events, live
Satellite (with and postponed, on Satellite Platform and
broadcast IPTV and non-exclusive broadcast rights in
A PLATINUM LIVE 570 mil. € 578 mil. €
Internet) - Pay TV on simulcast on IPTV and Internet
national territory Platforms, both addressed to offers with
fee to domestic and commercial users
Satellite Pay TV on Broadcasting rights of postponed
B SATELLITE HIGHLIGHTS 14 mil. € 15 mil €
national territory Highlights
Broadcasting rights for the Events of 12
teams, live and postponed, on Digital
Digital Terrestrial (with
Terrestrial Platform and non-exclusive
broadcast IPTV and
C GOLD LIVE broadcast rights in simulcast on IPTV and 210 mil. € 225 mil. €
Internet) - Pay TV on
Internet Platforms, both addressed to
national territory
offers with fee to domestic and
commercial users

Broadcasting rights for the Events of 8

teams, live and postponed, on Digital
Digital Terrestrial (with
Terrestrial Platform and non-exclusive
broadcast IPTV and
D SILVER LIVE broadcast rights in simulcast on IPTV and 70 mil. € 75 mil. €
Internet) - Pay TV on
Internet Platforms, both addressed to
national territory
offers with fee to domestic and
commercial users
Broadcasting rights for Correlated
Free-TV Platform on
E PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTS Images, live and postponed, and 28 mil. € 30 mil. €
national territory
postponed highlights
Free Radio Platform on Entire radio rights and post-match
F RADIO LIVE 3,8 mil. € 4 mil. €
national territory interviews
The bid of non-exclusive national rights packages for Serie A 2010-2012
Package
A M O B IL E
B W E B H IG H L IG H T S
C .1 G O L D H IG H L IG H T S
C .2 S IL V E R H IG H L IG H T S
D R A D IO H IG H L IG H T S
P la tfo rm D e s c rip tio n
M o b ile P h o n e
P la tfo rm - P a y T V B ro a d c a stin g rig h ts fo r a ll e n tire E v e n ts, liv e a n d p o stp o n e d ,
o n n a tio n a l a n d H ig h lig h ts fo r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a c h E v e n t
te rrito ry
P o stp o n e d b ro a d c a stin g rig h ts o f H ig h lig h ts o f a ll E v e n ts, fo r a
In te rn e t P la tfo rm
m a x im u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a c h E v e n t, w ith th e fo llo w in g
o n n a tio n a l
p o stp o n e d : w ith fe e sta rtin g fro m 3 h o u rs a fte r th e e n d o f th e
te rrito ry
E v e n t; o n fre e T V sta rtin g fro m h . 2 4 .0 0 o f th e d a y o f th e E v e n t
O n ly p o stp o n e d b ro a d c a stin g rig h ts o f C o rre la te d Im a g e s fo r a
F re e -T V P la tfo rm
m a x im u m o f 4 m in u te s fo r e a c h E v e n t, w ith th e fo llo w in g
and Pay TV on
p o stp o n e d : fro m h 2 3 .1 5 fo r th e m a tc h e s sta rtin g a fte r h 1 5 .0 0
n a tio n a l te rrito ry
a n d fro m h 2 3 .0 0 fo r a ll o th e r m a tc h e s
L iv e b ro a d c a stin g rig h ts o f th e fo llo w in g C o rre la te d Im a g e s: -
p re -m a tc h : rig h t to b ro a d c a st sc re e n sh o ts fro m th e p itc h a n d
te rra c e s, in th e tim e b a n d in c lu d e d fro m 9 0 a n d 1 0 m in u te s
b e fo re th e m a tc h sta rts; - p o st-m a tc h : (i) in th e c a se o f
a n tic ip a te d a n d p o stp o n e d m a tc h e s, rig h t to m a k e in te rv ie w s
in th e "M ix e d Z o n e / P re ss R o o m ", stra ig h t a fte r th e c o n c lu sio n
F re e -T V P la tfo rm
o f th e in te rv ie w s in th e P riv ile g e d In te rv ie w A re a (d u ra tio n o f
a n d P a y T V o n lo c a l
th e tim e b a n d : 3 0 m in u te s); (ii) in th e c a se o f c o n te m p o ra rily
te rrito ry
m a tc h e s, rig h t to m a k e in te rv ie w s in th e "M ix e d Z o n e " stra tin g
fro m h 1 7 .3 0 fo r m a tc h e s sta rtin g a t h 1 5 .0 0 o r a n y h o w n o t
b e fo re 2 a n d a h a lf h o u rs fro m th e b e g in n in g o f th e m a tc h a n d
in th e P re ss R o o m sta rtin g fro m h 1 8 .0 0 in th e c a se o f m a tc h e s
sta rtin g a t h 1 5 .0 0 (d u ra tio n o f th e tim e b a n d : 3 0 m in u te s -
m a x im u m d u ra tio n o f P re ss C o n fe re n c e : 1 5 m in u te s p e r te a m )
F re e R a d io P la tfo rm
N o n -e x c lu siv e b ro a d c a stin g rig h ts o f sh o rt liv e a u d io e x tra c ts
o n n a tio n a l a n d
o f th e E v e n ts in 4 w in d o w s o f 2 m in u te s e a c h
lo c a l te rrito ry
 The bid 2010-2012: the most important changes
FORMAT OF THE EVENT
• 5 transmission “windows” instead of 4 (additional match at h. 12.30 on Sunday)
• in August, 7 matches for each match day on Sunday night
• Simultaneity of matches only the last match day
• Joint selling with Second Division introduction of an option for the broadcaster to choose a
Serie A Monday Night match instead of a Second Division match, which would be played on
Saturday h. 18.00 instead of the anticipated Serie A match
PRODUCT
• Exclusive rights of interviews 30 minutes before the match
• Filming of dressing rooms with the presence of the players, but without reporters, to
broadcast in delayed way
• Interview (mini-flash) of a player during the half time
• Rationalisation of post match interview times
• Realisation of a audiovisual Broadcasting Manual
 Serie A fixtures list and TV scenario

2009-2010 2010-2012

Saturday Sunday Saturday Sunday

12.00 12.00
12.30 12.30
13.00 13.00 1 match SERIE A
13.30 13.30
14.00 14.00 12.30
14.15 14.15
14.30 14.30
15.00 15.00
15.30 7 matches SERIE A 15.30 6 matches SERIE A
16.00 16.00
16.30 15.00 16.30 15.00
16.45 16.45
17.00 17.00
17.30 17.30
18.00 18.00
18.30 1 match SERIE A 18.30 1 match SERIE A
19.00 19.00
19.30 18.00 19.30 18.00
19.45 19.45
20.00 20.00
20.30 20.30
20.45 20.45
21.00 1 match SERIE A 1 match SERIE A 21.00 1 match SERIE A 1 match SERIE A
21.30 21.30
22.00 20.45 20.45 22.00 20.45 20.45
22.30 22.30
TV Rights Scenario
Pay TV Market – Assignment &
Private Negotiation
 The bid of exclusive national rights packages for Serie B 2010-2012
Package P la tfo rm
S a te llite (w ith
b ro a d c a st IP T V a n d
A P L A T IN U M L IV E
In te rn e t) - P a y T V o n
n a tio n a l te rrito ry
M in im u m B id
D e s c rip tio n
2 0 1 0 -2 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 -2 0 1 2
B ro a d c a stin g rig h ts fo r a ll E v e n ts, liv e
a n d p o stp o n e d , o n S a te llite P la tfo rm a n d
n o n -e x c lu siv e rig h ts (w ith sim u lc a st o n
8 m il. € 9 m il. €
IP T V a n d In te rn e t P la tfo rm ), b o th
a d d re sse d to o ffe rs w ith fe e to d o m e stic
a n d c o m m e rc ia l u se rs

B ro a d c a stin g rig h ts fo r a ll E v e n ts, w ith

th e fo llw o in g m o d a litie s: (i) im a g e s o f a ll
E v e n ts in c o lle c tiv e p ro g ra m s
(sim u lta n e o u s v isio n o f m o re E v e n ts in a
D ig ita l T e rre stria l (w ith u n iq u e c o n te x t a n d lin k -u p w ith th e Package
B G O L D L IV E
b ro a d c a st IP T V a n d v a rio u s g a m e s) a n d (ii) 3 0 0 e n tire liv e o r
4 m il. € 5 m il. €
assigned to
In te rn e t) - P a y T V o n p o stp o n e d E v e n ts se le c te d b y th e
n a tio n a l te rrito ry L ic e n so r th ro u g h D ig ita l T e rre stria l
P la tfo rm , a n d n o n -e x c lu siv e rig h ts (w ith
sim u lc a st o n IP T V a n d In te rn e t P la tfo rm ),
b o th a d d re sse d to o ffe rs w ith fe e to
d o m e stic a n d c o m m e rc ia l u se rs

E x c lu siv e liv e b ro a d c a stin g rig h ts o n

C o rre la te d Im a g e s o f th e E v e n t u n til h .
2 0 .3 0 a n d e x c lu siv e p o stp o n e d H ig h lig h ts
S U P E R P L A T IN U M F re e -T V P la tfo rm o n
C in th e tim e b a n d s h . 1 8 .0 0 - 2 0 .3 0 (fo r 1 ,5 m il. € 1 ,6 m il. €
H IG H L IG H T S n a tio n a l te rrito ry
m a tc h e s sta rtin g u n til h . 1 5 .0 0 ) a n d h .
2 3 .1 0 - 2 3 .3 0 (fo r m a tc h e s sta rtin g a fte r
h . 1 5 .0 0 )
B ro a d c a stin g rig h ts fo r p o stp o n e d
C o rre la te d Im a g e s a n d H ig h lig h ts in th e
F re e -T V P la tfo rm o n e x c lu siv e tim e b a n d s h . 2 0 .3 0 - 2 3 .0 0 (fo r
D P L A T IN U M H IG H L IG H T S 0 ,5 0 m il. € 0 ,5 5 m il. €
n a tio n a l te rrito ry m a tc h e s sta rtin g u n til h . 1 5 .0 0 ) a n d h .
2 3 .1 0 - 2 3 .3 0 (fo r m a tc h e s sta rtin g a fte r
h . 1 5 .0 0 )
F re e R a d io P la tfo rm o n E n tire ra d io rig h ts a n d p o st-m a tc h
E R A D IO L IV E 0 ,3 0 m il. € 0 ,3 5 m il. €
n a tio n a l te rrito ry in te rv ie w s
The bid of non-exclusive national rights packages for Serie B 2010-2012
Package P la t fo r m D e s c r ip t io n
M o b ile P h o n e
P la t f o r m - P a y T V B r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s f o r a ll e n t ir e E v e n t s , liv e a n d p o s t p o n e d ,
A M O B IL E
o n n a t io n a l a n d H ig h lig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t
t e r r it o r y
P o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f H ig h lig h t s o f a ll E v e n t s , f o r a
In t e r n e t P la t f o r m
m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w it h t h e f o llo w in g
B W E B H IG H L IG H T S o n n a t io n a l
p o s t p o n e d : w it h f e e s t a r t in g f r o m 3 h o u r s a f t e r t h e e n d o f t h e
t e r r it o r y
E v e n t ; o n f r e e T V s t a r t in g f r o m h . 2 4 .0 0 o f t h e d a y o f t h e E v e n t

O n ly p o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f C o r r e la t e d Im a g e s a n d
F r e e - T V P la t f o r m
H ig h lig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w it h
C .1 G O L D H IG H L IG H T S an d /o r P ay TV o n
t h e f o llo w in g p o s t p o n e d : f r o m h 2 3 .3 0 f o r t h e m a t c h e s
n a t io n a l t e r r it o r y
s t a r t in g a f t e r h 1 5 .0 0 a n d f r o m h 2 3 .0 0 f o r a ll o t h e r m a t c h e s

L iv e b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f t h e f o llo w in g C o r r e la t e d Im a g e s : -
p r e - m a t c h : r ig h t t o b r o a d c a s t s c r e e n s h o t s f r o m t h e p it c h a n d
t e r r a c e s , in t h e t im e b a n d in c lu d e d f r o m 3 0 a n d 1 0 m in u t e s
b e f o r e t h e m a t c h s t a r t s ; - p o s t - m a t c h : (i) in t h e c a s e o f
a n t ic ip a t e d a n d p o s t p o n e d m a t c h e s , r ig h t t o m a k e in t e r v ie w s
in t h e " M ix e d Z o n e / P r e s s R o o m " , s t r a ig h t a f t e r t h e c o n c lu s io n
o f t h e in t e r v ie w s in t h e P r iv ile g e d In t e r v ie w A r e a (d u r a t io n o f
t h e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u t e s ); (ii) in t h e c a s e o f c o n t e m p o r a r ily
F r e e - T V P la t f o r m
m a t c h e s , r ig h t t o m a k e in t e r v ie w s in t h e " M ix e d Z o n e " s t r a t in g
C .2 S IL V E R H IG H L IG H T S an d /o r P ay TV o n
f r o m h 1 7 .3 0 f o r m a t c h e s s t a r t in g a t h 1 5 .0 0 o r a n y h o w n o t
lo c a l t e r r it o r y
b e f o r e 2 a n d a h a lf h o u r s f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e m a t c h a n d
in t h e P r e s s R o o m s t a r t in g f r o m h 1 8 .0 0 in t h e c a s e o f m a t c h e s
s t a r t in g a t h 1 5 .0 0 (d u r a t io n o f t h e t im e b a n d : 3 0 m in u t e s -
m a x im u m d u r a t io n o f P r e s s C o n f e r e n c e : 1 5 m in u t e s p e r t e a m ).
P o s t p o n e d b r o a d c a s t in g R ig h t s o f C o r r e la t e d Im a g e s a n d
H ig h lig h t s f o r a m a x im u m o f 4 m in u t e s f o r e a c h E v e n t , w it h
t h e f o llo w in g p o s t p o n e d : f r o m h 2 3 .3 0 f o r t h e m a t c h e s
s t a r t in g a f t e r h 1 5 .0 0 a n d f r o m h 2 3 .0 0 f o r a ll o t h e r m a t c h e s

F r e e R a d io P la t f o r m
N o n - e x c lu s iv e b r o a d c a s t in g r ig h t s o f s h o r t liv e a u d io e x t r a c t s
D R A D IO H IG H L IG H T S o n n a t io n a l a n d
o f t h e E v e n t s in 4 w in d o w s o f 2 m in u t e s e a c h
lo c a l t e r r it o r y
 Rights to be assigned by private negotiations

Package Platform Description Interested Bidder(s)

Free-TV Platform on Broadcasting rights for Correlated Images, live

E PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTS
SERIE A

national territory and postponed, and postponed highlights

Free Radio Platform on

F RADIO LIVE Entire radio rights and post-match interviews
national territory
Broadcasting rights for all Events, live and
Satellite (with
postponed, on Satellite Platform and non-
broadcast IPTV and
A PLATINUM LIVE exclusive rights (with simulcast on IPTV and
Internet) - Pay TV on
Internet Platform), both addressed to offers with
national territory
fee to domestic and commercial users
Exclusive live broadcasting rights on Correlated
Images of the Event until h. 20.30 and exclusive
SUPER PLATINUM Free-TV Platform on
SERIE B

C postponed Highlights in the time bands h. 18.00 -

HIGHLIGHTS national territory
20.30 (for matches starting until h. 15.00) and h.
23.10 - 23.30 (for matches starting after h. 15.00)
Broadcasting rights for postponed Correlated
Images and Highlights in the exclusive time bands
Free-TV Platform on
D PLATINUM HIGHLIGHTS h. 20.30 - 23.00 (for matches starting until h.
national territory
15.00) and h. 23.10 - 23.30 (for matches starting
after h. 15.00)
Free Radio Platform on
E RADIO LIVE Entire radio rights and post-match interviews
national territory
 Football on TV – Premier League (2009-2010)

Broadcasted on platform Sky, Telewest e Ntl

92 matches
• 23 matches first choice on Sunday at
16.00
• 23 matches second choice on Sunday at
13.30
• 5 matches first choice, 9 matches third
choice and 9 fourth choice on Saturday
at 12.45
• 10 matches first choice, 7 matches
second choice and 6 matches third
choice. 7/13 will be broadcasted during
the week or on holidays. The remaining
10/16 on Saturday at 12.45 or on
Sunday at 16.00
46 matches
• 23 matches third choice including a
minimum of 12 Monday matches at
20.00, the remaining on Sunday at 13.30
and on Saturday at 17.15 or other.
• 8 matches second choice and 15
matches fourth choice at least 18 on
Saturday at 17.15 and the remaining on
Sunday at 13.30, on Monday at 20.00 or
other.
HIGHLIGHTS FREE TO AIR
• Saturday, 22.30, BBC One
• Sunday, 22.00, BBC Two
 Football on TV – Liga BBVA (2009-2010)

PAY TV PPV + PAY TV

One postponed match on Sunday (21.00) 6 PPV matches broadcasted on Sunday afternoon (17.00),
another PAY TV match on Sunday (19.00) and 2 PAY TV
matches on Saturday (18.00 or 20.00)

FREE TV HIGHLIGHTS FREE TV

One match on Saturday Rights available on the market

( 22.00) according to the Spanish Law
 Football on TV – Ligue 1 (2009-2010)

PAY TV

One live match on Sunday (21.00) One live match on Saturday (21.00)

PPV

HIGHLIGHTS 6 live matches on Saturday (19.00) MOBILE RIGHTS

2 live matches on Sunday (17.00)

Only on Pay-TV
 Football on TV – Bundesliga (2009-2010)

PAY TV Web TV Live & Highlights (Web-Clips)

1 match live on Friday (20.30) 2. Bundesliga

5 matches live on Saturday (15.30)
1 match live on Saturday (18:30)
1 match live on Sunday (15.30)
1 match live on Sunday (17:30)
Highlights Saturday (17:30) HIGHLIGHTS &
Highlights Sunday (19:30) LIVE

HIGHLIGHTS HIGHLIGHTS IPTV & MOBILE RIGHTS

Saturday from 18.30 Saturday from 22.00 Live all 9 matches & Highlights
Sunday from 21:45
6. The economic burden and the
polarisation
 Income growth of the "big five" European
Leagues between 95/96 and 07/08
2.500
2.441

2.273

1.977 1.995
2.000
1.975
1.791
1.747

1.557
1.500 1.450
1.379
1.277 1.438
1.236 1.195 1.438
1.326
1.219
1.108 1.058 1.219
1.043 1.158
1.027
1.024 1.052 1.064
1.000 1.029 989
1.042
1.017
895 954 953 972
880 910
847
676 776
650 714 722 696
685 681
551 612 644 643 689 655
569 577 607
500 513 524
452 513
444 393
373
328 323
293
277

0
1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2000/01 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08
€ ,000
ITALY ENGLAND SPAIN GERMANY FRANCE

Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

 Total wages growth of the "big five" European
Leagues between 95/96 and 07/08

1.500 1.511

1.440

1.209
1.250
1.235
1.090 1.162
1.094
1.000 934
972
1.010 884
845 900
830
755 868 806 822
750
739 722 725
598 607 608 608
660 658 703
559 620
619
469 491 580 576
500 512 553 556 541
390 447
322 417 342 441 467 450 437
382
414
317 303 317
256 230 278 324
250
175 256 223 273
222
187
178
161
0
1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2000/01 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

ITALY ENGLAND SPAIN GERM ANY FRANCE

Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

Operating profit/loss in the "big five" European Leagues between 96/97 and 07/08

Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

The polarization within the system: the "big five" Leagues market share (turnover)

Source: Deloitte Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

 The polarization within the system: the "UEFA Champions League effect"

Source: UEFA
 The polarisation within the system: the "big five"
Leagues market share (sports results)
Year Champions’ Cup UEFA Cup Cup Winners’ Cup
1981 Liverpool Francoforte Tbilisi
1982 Aston Villa Ipswich Barcellona
1983 Amburgo Goteborg Aberdeen
1984 Liverpool Anderlecht Juventus
1985 Juventus Tottenham Everton
1986 Steaua Bucarest Real Madrid Dynamo Kiev
1987 Porto Goteborg Ajax
1988 PSV Bayer Leverkusen Mechelen
1989 Milan Napoli Barcellona
1990 Milan Juventus Sampdoria
1991 Stella Rossa Inter Manchester Utd
1992 Barcellona Ajax Werder Brema
1993 Olimp. Marsiglia Juventus Parma
1994 Milan Inter Arsenal
1995 Ajax Parma Real Saragozza
1996 Juventus Bayern Monaco PSG
1997 Borussia D. Schalke 04 Barcellona
1998 Real Madrid Inter Chelsea
1999 Manchester Utd Parma Lazio
2000 Real Madrid Galatasaray
2001 Bayern Monaco Liverpool
2002 Real Madrid Feyenoord
2003 Milan Porto
2004 Porto Valencia
2005 Liverpool CSKA Mosca
2006 Barcellona Siviglia
2007 Milan Siviglia
2008 Manchester Utd Zenit
2009 Barcellona Shakhtar Donetsk
 The polarization within the system: the link between players'
wages and sports results in English Premier League

Source: Deloitte & Touche Annual Review of Football Finance 2009

 The risks: difficulties to find a proper balance between ....

r Economic result and sports result

r Supporters’ dreams and shareholders’ expectations
r Growth of revenues and inflation of wages
r Development of football as a television product and a stadium spectators
game
r Market potentialities of the biggest clubs and preservation of a minimum
level of solidarity within the system
r Transformation of football into an industry like any other and protection of
sports peculiarities
r Market globalisation and preservation of national football identities
r Fans as spectators and fans as customers
 Looking for possible solutions …
r UEFA Club Licensing System
r Salary capping
r Performance-related payments (wages)
r Maximum number of players in the squad (ceiling) and/or minimum number of
local trained players
r Limitations to transfer of players
r Stadia improvement and exploitation
r Customer Relation Management
r Youth activities development
r New competitions
r New solidarity mechanisms (including new ways of selling rights)
r New governance for the system
r …………….
Looking for possible solutions