H22H12-E1

The University of Nottingham

Malaysia Campus
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A LEVEL 2 MODULE, AUTUMN SEMESTER 2009-2010

HYDRAULICS 2

Time allowed TWO Hours

Candidates may complete the front cover of their answer book and sign their desk card but
must NOT write anything else until the start of the examination period is announced

Answer ANY FOUR Questions only

This module has 20% course work assessment

Only silent, self contained and non-programmable calculators with a single line display or dual
line display are permitted in this examination

Dictionaries are not allowed with one exception. Those whose first language is not English
may use a standard translation dictionary to translate between that language and English
provided that neither language is the subject of this examination. Subject specific translation
dictionaries are not permitted.

No electronic devices capable of storing and retrieving text, including electronic dictionaries,
may be used.

DO NOT turn examination paper over until instructed to do so

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Appendix 1

Moody Chart

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1. Three pipes steadily deliver water at 20°C to a large exit pipe in Figure Q.1. The
diameters of the pipes are illustrated in Figure Q.1. The velocity V2 = 5 m/s, and the
exit flow rate Q4 = 120 m3/hr. Find (a) V1; (b) V3; and (c) V4 if it is known that
increasing Q3 by 20% would increase Q4 by 10%.
[20 marks]

V3

V2 V4

V1

Figure Q.1.

2. Water flows through a circular nozzle, exits into the air as a jet, and strikes a plate. The
density of water is 998 kg/ m3. The force required to hold the plate steady is 70 N.
Assuming frictionless one-dimensional flow and that the plate is weightless, estimate

(a) velocities at sections (1) and (2)

(b) the mercury manometer reading h.

The specific weight of mercury is 133,100 N/ m3.

[20 marks]
Section (1)
Section (2)

Figure Q.2.

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3. (a) Define the Reynolds number Re for a pipe flow, and describe the ranges of
Reynolds number for which the flow is laminar, transitional and turbulent.
[5 marks]

(b) A rough old concrete pipe with a friction factor of 0.05, is 2 km long and 150mm
in diameter and is fed from a water storage tank. The pipe exit is 10m below the
constant water level in the tank, and the exit discharge is into the atmosphere.
Find the discharge in the pipe if entry and exit losses are ignored. What head of
water would need to be generated by a pump installed in the pipeline to increase
the discharge to 0.02m3/s?
[15 marks]

4. Find the slope of the free water surface in a rectangular channel of width 20 m, having
depth of flow 5 m. The discharge through the channel is 50m3/s. The bed of the
channel is having a slope of 1 in 4000. The value of Chezy’s constant C = 60.
[20 marks]

5. What is boundary layer separation? Illustrate the phenomenon graphically.

[20 marks]

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APPENDIX 1

FORMULA SHEET

1. Some equations of flow:

p V2
+ + Z = Const .
γ 2g

2. Darcy-Weisbach equation:

L u2
hf = λ
D 2g

3. Slope of free surface:

dy S0 − S e
=
dx V 2 
1 −  
 gh 

4. Chezy’s equation:

V = C RS
A
where , R =
P

5. Moody- Chart

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