Chapter 2 - The

Changing Global
Environment and Pre-
Historic Man
 Climate
• Connects the
people of the earth
together in a global
economy, providing
opportunity to some,
hardship to others,
and challenges to
all as we struggle to
feed the world
 Anthropogenic
Human caused
change to a
natural system.
Car exhaust,
emissions from
factories
 Bioregion
Assemblage of
local plants and
animals covering a
large area such as
a tropical forest or
grassland
 Population Growth
• If the human
population continues
to grow at expected
rates, food production
must be doubled by
2025 to provide each
person with a basic
subsistence diet
 Climate Region

A region
of similar
climatic
conditions
 Climograph
Graphs of
average high
and low
temperatures
and
precipitation
for an entire
year
 Desertification
Spread of
desert like
conditions
 Global Warming
Human activities
connected with
economic
development and
industrialization
seem to be
changing the
world’s climate,
especially raising its
average
temperature
 Greenhouse Effect
Natural process of
lower atmosphere
heating that results
from the trapping of
incoming and
reradiated solar
energy by water
moisture, clouds and
other atmospheric
gases
 Green Revolution

The development of
agricultural techniques
used in developing
countries that usually
combine new, genetically
altered seeds that provide
higher yields than native
seeds when combined
with high inputs of
chemical fertilizer,
irrigation, and pesticides.
 Summary of Changing
Environment
A. Some environmental
change occurs because of
natural forces
B. Additional change is
caused by humans
C. Global environmental
science is a new area of
study
D. Globalization both
helps and hinders world
environmental problems
Prairie

Grassland
 Steppes
Shorter,
less
dense
semiarid
grassland
Global Interdependence
• Dependence
of nations on
one another
for
resources
 Industrialization

• The phase of a country's economic development

in which industry grows faster than agriculture
and gradually comes to play the leading role in
the economy.
Nuclear Family
Extended Family
Race-A biological concept
Race and Species
• Every race
belongs to the
same species
called Homo
Sapiens
Sapiens
 Dating Artifacts
• Radio carbon
• Potassium-
Argon
• Dendrochronol
ogy-Tree ring
dating
 Lucy
• Female hominid
discovered by
Donald C.
Johanson in 1974
in Afar Triangle
region of Ethiopia
 Homo Habilis
• First tool makers
discovered by
Louis B. Leakey
and Mary Leakey
• Means skillful
one
 Neanderthal
• Discovered in the
Neander Valley, Germany
• 5’5” tall
• Fire to dry and harden
wood
• Animal skins for clothing
and shelters
• Light- fatty bones in stone
lamps
• Buried dead
 Cro-Magnon
• Southern France
• 6’ tall
• Spear thrower,
bow and arrow
• Fishhooks and
harpoons made of
bone
• Needles of bone
 Agricultural Revolution

• The first
economic
revolution in
human
history
Domesticated Animals
 3 Developments as a result of
Agriculture

Village

Longer Lifespan
Private Property
 Civilization
• Food producing base
• Centralization of
religious and political
power
• Large buildings
• Development of
writing and the written
word

Ziggurat
River Valley Civilizations
• Mesopotamia-
Tigris and
Euphrates rivers
• Indus-Harappans
• Nile-Egyptians
• Huang He-
Chinese
Economy’s Three Main Resources

Labor

Capital Land