Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ryan Gallagher
AP LIT
26 November 2010
In the short story of True or Untrue Grit By Laura Chester, the author transports
the reader into the kooky and zany dream of the protagonist, Nora. In this parallel
dimension of dreams, the main character finds herself immersed in situations that are
downr, if the context of events were set in reality. The oddity of the situation is that Nora
seems to take the eccentric characters and atypical mirages in her dream with a puzzling
calm. However, Chester uses the symbolic gesture of the dream coupled with the main
character’s attitude towards it to drive her social critique on popular culture, American
pop culture to be specific. Chester utilizes the cliché of the dream being representative of
a person’s suppressed desires and or secrets to unveil the arrogant and extravagant
ignorance that has consumed people in the modern age, however even more surprising is
human tendency attempting to maintain a life of blissful ignorance even in the face of
truth.
In the first section of the short story, Chester plays up the pompous notion of
‘perfection’ and mocks Nora’s exorbitant attitude towards her seemingly flawless life.
Nora is situated inside the confines of her newly built mansion facing the “perfectly
shaped, symmetrical (13)” mountain that has never seemed to have struck her attention
during daylight hours. The idea of a mountain being perfectly ‘symmetrical’ is juxtaposed
with its connotations of being rustic and being naturally beautiful. A mountain, found in
nature, is grand and majestic with a multitude of different depths and dimensions shaped
and constructed through the hands of Mother Nature. So to take the ‘natural-esque’
component out of the mountain and replace it with something ‘perfectly symmetric’
seems to place a generic and plastic aesthetic on this mountain that Nora seems to be
captivated by. The notion of an ultimate perfection and beauty is extenuated further as
Nora describes the night sky with its “amphitheatre (13)” of stars as almost having her
own “planetarium (13)”. There is irony in that statement as Nora suggests that the natural
in reality it should really be vice versa and the planetarium should resemble the stars in
the night. Chester carves out her argument in these subtle remarks as to demonstrate our
what is beautiful and what is perfect are so skewed, and truthfully, fake.
As the story is elaborated further, the appearance of the mysterious and obscure
tribal man is introduced, the short story’s most compelling supporting character, the
strange Indian (Native American) man. The appearance of the character and Nora’s
attitude towards him confirms an air of ignorance that bounds the innocent yet ignorant
protagonist. Nora refers to him as Grit- her decision based upon the disdain she had found
within his appearance. She regards the Native American as a “Real Live Indian (15)”
completely oblivious of her faux pas of referring Native Americans as ‘Indians’ as they
are not the indigenous peoples of India. The phrase, ‘real live Indian’ also conveys a
sense of regard toward the Native American as if he were not a human being, but a
coveted specimen of some sort. Nora strips away the Native American’s humanity, which
in turn displays her insensitivity to people and things outside her own realm of wants and
desires. Chester uses the Native American as first totem pole towards her greater message
of human ignorance. Her condescension is projected further upon him as she referred to
his Apache descendants as “yelping (16)” men riding across the valley. It is clear at this
point in the short story that Grit is a symbol of a wild and unruliness that does not meet
the standards in Nora’s world. Grit is a trespasser not only to her estate but onto her
values of living- shallow values to say the least. For he is symbolic of everything that
Nora finds him incredibly distasteful in terms of appearance and speech. He is the
blemish to her shiny bubble of ‘perfection’ per say. To add insult to mockery, Nora’s
estate adopted the name ‘Manzano’, Spanish for ‘apple’ because Apaches used to raise
the orchards for apples. Her minuscule amount of knowledge regarding Apache history
have been diminished to ‘apple raids’, for it is not even important to consider the fact
that her estate has been built on Native American “holy ground”. Nora’s complete
oblivion towards the sensitivity of Grit and the integrity of history demonstrates the rich
veil of ignorance humans have towards matters outside of their personal concern.
The dream contains vast amounts of symbolic ignorance, however to magnify the
scope of the dream further, Nora’s dream is so blatantly ridiculous, her dream really is a
manifestation of the ignorance seems to engulf her in her own reality. In her dreams,
there are triggers to indicate that Nora’s dream is an allusion to the life she leads in New
York City. Her estate named Manzano, is the Spanish word for apple, indicating New
York’s classic nickname of the Big Apple. There is a point in the short story where Nora
comment’s on Grit’s attire asking if it were from “Sick-Sack Avenue”- a clear indication
of New York’s coveted fashion district of Saks on Fifth Avenue. The dialogue between
Nora and Grit satirizes the superficiality that is present within Nora’s own reality- a
superficiality based upon a culture that prizes appearances and materialistic things over
knowledge and self worth. This is a clear criticism of America’s mainstream pop culture
and our fixation with extravagance and glamour. There is a point in the story when Nora
insists that her “40 acre” estate was not big enough- an ironic litote to highlight her
arrogance, yet also shining light on the deteriorating state of the human condition.
idealize figures in her dream. She regularly comments on how she finds her contractor to
be like the ideal and “perfect husband” as he is “consistently agreeable” and always
making “endless adjustments” for her. Her fascination for the perfect and the ideal is
indicative of an insecurity that has been breeding, that her life has become quite
unsatisfactory and empty in the face of the superficiality of the modern age- her own
shallowness as well. Nora’s dream was a segway into becoming enlightened with her
reality. Her dream had just been a manifestation of all the complications she found within
her life, it was an conscious attempt by her subconscious to have her dream be an outlet
The dream is the realization that ultimately the strive for perfection is nearly
impossible, and throughout the quest to obtain this forced illusion of beauty, Nora has
become transfixed within her own ignorant and exorbitant ways. The dream even though
Nora has questioned its ‘reality’ many times has become more or less the truth which
Nora has become. Her reality is more like the allusion in which material aspects and
generic aesthetics has consumed and diluted her life. Whereas the dream does nothing but
reveal the true nature of the human condition, that people use their warm blanket of
blissful ignorance to shield themselves away from the emptiness that has become weaved
regards the Native American as a “Real Live Indian (15)” completely oblivious of her
faux pas of referring Native Americans as ‘Indians’ as they are not the indigenous peoples
of India. The phrase, ‘real live Indian’ also conveys a sense of regard toward the Native
American as if he were not a human being, but a coveted specimen of some sort. Nora
strips away the Native American’s humanity, which in turn displays her insensitivity to
people and things outside her own realm of wants and desires. Chester uses the Native
American as first totem pole towards her greater message of human ignorance. Nora’s
ignorance to the Native is parallel to how humans regard things in which they find
foreign or strange. People tend to label and make a mockery of things in which they have
obtained little knowledge to. To magnify the situation further, Nora’s display of
minuscule information about Native Americans suggest that humans tend to label and
categorize things we do not know as a sort of defense mechanism to ease our own
uncertainties. Nora supplements her knowledge about the Native American with
information from her neighbor, commenting on how her “neighbor had been right (15).”
As Nora names her Native American ‘Grit’- yet again another display of mockery of the