Drug Charting

Drug Name Date Date Mechanism of Action Indication/Contraindi Metabolism/Excretion Drug/Food Special
Started Ended cation Interaction Precaution;
Adverse
Reaction
Ceftriaxone 09.27.10 Ceftriaxone binds to one or more For susceptible Absorption: Peak plasma Disulfiram-like S/P: History of
of the penicillin-binding proteins infection. (gram - > concentrations after 2 hr (IM). reaction with penicillin allergy;
(PBPs) which inhibits the final gram + bacteria) Distribution: Distributed widely alcohol. severe renal
transpeptidation step of Adult: 1-2 g daily as a into body tissues and fluids; CSF Potentially impairment;
peptidoglycan synthesis in single or in 2 divided (therapeutic concentrations). Fatal: pregnancy and
bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting doses given as deep IM Crosses the placenta and enters Nephrotoxicity lactation;
biosynthesis and arresting cell inj or slow IV inj over 2- breast milk; bile (high with superinfection.
wall assembly resulting in 4 minutes or as infusion concentrations). Protein-binding: aminoglycoside
bacterial cell death over at least 30 85-95%. s and Superinfection;
minutes, increased to 4 Excretion: Via the urine (40- furosemide. anaphylaxis;
g daily in severe 65% as unchanged); via the bile diarrhoea; local
infections to the faeces (remainder as May interfere reactions; blood
unchanged and microbiologically with urinary dyscrasias; rash,
Do not use calcium or inactive compounds); 6-9 hr glucose test. fever, pruritus;
calcium-containing (elimination half-life). elevated
solutions or products transaminases
with or within 48 hr of and alkaline
ceftriaxone phosphatase;
administration due to leucopenia,
risk of calcium- neutropenia.
ceftriaxone precipitate Potentially
formation Fatal:
Pseudomembrano
us colitis;
nephrotoxicity.
Paracetamol 09.27.10 Paracetamol exhibits analgesic Fever Reduced Nausea, allergic
action by peripheral blockage of AOnset: <1 hr. absorption of reactions, skin
pain impulse generation. It Duration: 4-6 hr. cholestyramine rashes, acute
produces antipyresis by Absorption: Incomplete; within 1 hr of renal tubular
inhibiting the hypothalamic depends upon dosage form. Time admin. necrosis.
heat-regulating centre. Its weak to peak, serum: oral: 10-60 min; Accelerated Potentially
anti-inflammatory activity is may be delayed in acute absorption with Fatal: Very rare,
related to inhibition of overdoses. Decreased rate of metoclopramid blood dyscrasias
prostaglandin synthesis in the absorption with food. e. Decreased (e.g.
CNS. Distribution: Present in most effect with thrombocytopenia
body tissues; crosses the barbiturates, , leucopenia,
placenta and enters the breast carbamazepine, neutropenia,
milk. Protein binding: 8-43% (at hydantoins, agranulocytosis);
toxic doses). rifampicin and liver damage.
Metabolism: Hepatic via sulfinpyrazone.
glucuronic and sulphuric acid Paracetamol
conjugation. At normal may increase
therapeutic levels, glucuronide effect of
metabolites are metabolised to warfarin.
reactive intermediate Potentially
(acetylimidoquinone) which is Fatal:
conjugated with glutathione and Paracetamol
inactivated; at toxic doses, increases the
glutathione conjugation is risk of liver
insufficient leading to increased damage in
acetylimidoquinone which may chronic
cause hepatic cell necrosis. alcoholics.
Excretion: Plasma half-life: 2.7
hr (adults); 1.5-2 hr (infants and
children); 3.5 hr (neonates).
Neonates, infants and children up
≤10 yr excrete less glucuronide
than adults. Half-life may be
longer after toxic doses. Excreted
mainly via urine (2- 5%
unchanged; 55% as glucuronide
metabolites). Total body
clearance: 18 L/hr.