POLLUTIONLESS ENGINE

A MYTH OR REALITY???
STIRLING ENGINE

Prasad v. potluri Siddhartha institute of technology

VIJAYAWADA

Presented by:

B.HEMANTH KUMAR P.RAVI KUMAR

¾ MECHANICAL ¾ MECHANICAL
06501A0347 06501A0327
hemanthkumarbezawada@gmail.com ravi.coolone35@gmail.com

ph:9703128450 ph:08662416850
.
CONTENTS:

 ABSTRACT

 INTRODUCTION

 STIRLING ENGINE

 TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINE

 PARTS OF STIRLING ENGINE

 STIRLING CYCLE

 ADVANTAGES

 SUMMARY
 ABSTRACT

The quest of human beings to source, creates the useful work.

develop engines with high power, The main advantage of this engine
high torque, less vibration and is its capability to use any type of
most essentially with no pollution fuel and the emission of no
is on since the discovery and exhaust gases.
development of engine. Stirling Due to this pollution free
engine is just one step forward and use of any type of fuel
towards the creation of a noise characteristics the Stirling engine
free and pollution less engine. shows a greater potential over any
The Stirling engine is the other type of engine existing
engine, which uses a fixed amount today. To consolidate this claim an
of gas sealed inside a cylinder. effort has been made to develop a
The expansion and contraction of working model of Stirling engine.
the gas, using heat from external
 INTRO internal combustion cycle. Hell if

DUCTION we ask our mechanic if he has

All of us including the lamest of

laymen would have at one time or
another experienced problems ever seen a vehicle without any

with our vehicles engine and most exhaust then he is probably going

of the time after moaning and to refer to you to the nearest

cursing finally in line with the shrink.

universe and accepting our doom So an engine without any

we would have coughed up the exhaust gas is a mirage or it can

cash for repairs and parts and be a reality? The answer for this is

insistently taken old parts home, definitely yes. We can have an

disregarding the fact that no engine without any exhaust gas

descent human would have and that is what a Stirling engine

wanted them and during this is.

exercise in existence it is doubtful STIRLING ENGINE

that anybody would have chance
to miss seeing a piston or two,
this ubiquitous creatures that
scurry up and down in an enclosed
cylindrical space, getting their
crowns slammed regularly and
unceremoniously…eventually to be
thrown aside and replaced by a
marginally wider chap. Doubtful
that any of us would be able to
imagine modern travel without an
 could be anything from
gasoline to solar energy to
heat produced by decaying
plants. No combustion takes
place inside cylinder of the
engine.

The Stirling engine is a heat

TYPES OF STIRLING ENGINE

engine that is vastly different from Stirling engines can be

an internal combustion engine. classified as:

Stirling engines have two pistons • Two pistons type Stirling

that create a 90-degree phase engine

angle and two different • Displacer type Stirling

temperature spaces. The working engine.

gas in the engine is perfectly

sealed, and doesn't go in and out TWO PISTON TYPE STIRLING
to the atmosphere. The Stirling ENGINE
engine uses a Stirling cycle, which
is unlike the cycles used in normal
internal combustion engines.
• The gas used inside Stirling
engine never leaves the
engine. There are no
exhaust valves that vent
high-pressure gases as in The two-piston type Stirling
petrol or diesel engine, and engine uses two power pistons.
there are no explosions Out of the two pistons one is hot
taking place. piston, which is used in hot
• The Stirling cycle uses chamber, and the other one is a
external heat source, which cold piston used in cold chamber.
The space above a hot piston is Output Shaft: It is horizontal and
always heated by a heat source. mounted several inches above the

The space above a cold piston is main chamber. The end of shaft

cooled always by cold air. centered over the main chamber has
a crank and connecting rod, which
DISPLACER TYPE STIRLING
drives the displacer.
ENGINE
Displacer: This is the large piston in
the drawing. This piston is very loose
in its cylinder, so air can move easily
between the heated and cooled
sections of the engine as the piston
moves up and down.

Power piston: This is the smaller

piston at the top of the engine. It is a

Th tightly sealed piston that moves up

e displacer type Stirling engine as the gas inside the engine expands.

Uses a power piston and a Crankshaft: The crankshaft is made

displacer. The space below a up of steel, which passes through the

bearing and receives the crank disc
displacer piston is always heated
.the crank disc forms mount for
by a heat source. The space above
flywheel.
the displacer piston is cooled
Regenerator: The regenerator is
always by cold air. The displacer
constructed of material that readily
piston displaces hot air and cold
conducts heat and has a high surface
air.
area. When hot gas is transferred to
PARTS OF A STIRLING ENGINE the cool cylinder, it is first driven
Main chamber: It is the chamber through the regenerator, where a
where a fixed amount of gas is portion of the heat is deposited.

sealed initially. Inside this When the cool gas is transferred

chamber only expansion and back, this heat is reclaimed; thus the
regenerator "pre heats" and "pre
compression of gas takes place.
cools" the working gas, dramatically Transfer: At this point, the gas has
improving efficiency. expanded. Most of the gas (about
STIRLING CYCLE 2/3rds) is still located in the hot

The key principle of Stirling cylinder. Flywheel momentum carries

engine is that a fixed amount of gas the crankshaft the next 90 degrees,

is sealed inside transferring the bulk of the gas to the

The engine. The Stirling cycle cool cylinder.

involves a series of events that

change the pressure of gas inside the
engine, causing it to work.
Stirling engine uses two
cylinders, one cylinder is heated by
an external heat source and the other
is cooled by an external cooling
source. A linkage that determines
how they will move in relation one
Contraction: Now the majority of the
another connects the gas chambers
expanded gas has been shifted to the
of the two cylinders to each other
cool cylinder. It cools and contracts,
mechanically.
drawing both pistons outward.

Expansion: At this point, most of the

gas in the system has just been
driven into the hot cylinder. The gas
heats and expands driving both
pistons inward.

Transfer: The now contracted gas is

still located in the cool cylinder.
Flywheel momentum carries the
crank another 90 degrees,
transferring the gas to back to the during this stage of the cycle
hot cylinder to complete the cycle. thus effectively increasing the
power output of the engine.
One way to decrease the
pressure is to cool the gas to a
lower temperature.

ADVANTAGES
 There is no exhaust of gases as
in case of normal piston
engines.
The Stirling engine only makes power  These engines are quieter in
during the first part of the cycle. operation.
There are two main ways to increase  Gas inside the engine never
the power output of a Stirling cycle. leaves the engine.
 Increase power output in stage  The external heat source could
one: In part one of the cycle; be anything-even heat from

the pressure of heated gas our hand.

pushing against the piston  No combustion takes place

performs work. Increasing the inside cylinder of engine.
pressure during this part of the Hence there is no explosion.
cycle will increase the power
output of the engine .one way RECENT APPLICATIONS
of increasing the pressure is by
increasing the temperature of
the gas.

 Decrease power usage in stage

three: In parts three of the

cycle; the piston performs
work on the gas, using some of
the power produced in the part
one, lowering the pressure
Stirling Thermal Motor
This motor uses heater tubes,
SUMMARY
combustor, and piston, to convert
thermal energy into mechanical work.
The Stirling engine, types,
parts; working cycle, advantages
Four-Piston Wobble-
along with recent applications
Yoke Machine
This machine uses four has been empounded in this
pistons and wobbles paper.
yoke drive. This The Stirling engine is the
machine is especially engine, which uses the gas
used where high power sealed inside the cylinder. The
generation is required. expansion and contraction of the
gas, using heat from external
source, creates the useful work. This

Four Cylinders Free-Piston Alpha engine can work on any type of fuel
Engine whether it is conventional or non-
The four cylinders are physically
conventional fuel. And the basic
arranged with a 90-degree phase
advantage of this engine is that the
difference with each piston connected
amount of gas inside the chamber
to a gas compressor. The gas
remains fixed that is there is no
compressors are then used to drive a
exhaust and hence this engine is
gas turbine expander .The main
pollution less.
advantage of this system is the
Due to this pollution free and
promise of a high specific power and
use of any type of fuel characteristics
most important, high reliability and
the Stirling engine has greater
life resulting from the absence of
potential over any other type of
heavily loaded moving parts.
engine existing today. Hence this
engine is highly preferred in
automobile sector finding its
application in submarines to hybrid
cars. Due to the above specified
advantages the striling engine is
giving a cutting edge to all other
engine existing today and is viewed
as an answer to the existing energy
crisis.