vBoA

:1

llowroaaue Konere,
Oeaj yr,r6eHrax je
HaMeFbeH npe cBera CrygeHlar'rra l-pafieerHcxor $axynrera
Vilalepsrarera y 6eorpagy, rcoju y cBoM nflaHy HacraBe rartl1ajy npeAMer "OCHoBe
cao6pahajHrqa". l-.[raru je Aa ce cTyAeHTn, rojrarvra Oea O6nacr Hehe 6nru ,qouutHaHTHl4
nocao no AhnnoMnpalby, ynOsHajy ca ocHotsH14M rpafieanHCxnu en€MeHTnMa
cao6pahaj H ri crcreu a ( nyre ar,r rrlt a, XenesH hqaMa I aepogpor'a rava).

V 4o6a cBenphcyrHor HHrepHera, craeruajyhra oaaj nphpyl{Hl4K Ha cajr rpafeenHcxor

(Hehe
Saxynrera (www.qrf.bq.ac.vu) orvroryhyjenao ruei-oBo 6ecnnarHo Kopl4Lxherue
6rru utraMnaHe eepsraje yr,r6eHuxa)

Axo uMaTe npume46e nnw caBeTe wTa rpe6a AonyHnTil' u3MeHuTn unu
n o n pa BHr n, cn o6ogH o no u afbure H a e-m ai I a4pecy : acac@i m k' g rf . bg.ac'yu.

Ayropr

l-lpo$. 4p AnexcaH,qap l-{aeraHoeuh, Ahnn' rpaf' nHx'

Sopraaoje 5aHrh, Ahnn. rpaf. uux.

1 OAHOC BOSnnA U nWA I 1
1.1 yBOA i 1

1.2 BYTIHA CIAIIAL/OTNOPV I 2

1.3 OTnOP OA BA3!yXA / 2
1.4 OTNOP KOTPJbAFbY / 4
1.s oTnoP oA HArilFA / 4
1.6 PACnO|OXI4BA Byr.tHA Ct4nA I 5
1.6.1 MAKCI/MAJIHA BYL]HA CI4JIA i 5
1.6.2 NOIOHCKA BYI]HA CVNA I 6
1.7 ySP3AFbE BO3t/JtA / 6
1.8 EOI4KACHOCT TOPI4BA / 8
1.9 nPrHqi4nr KOLIEFbA / 8
1.9.1 KOrlt4OHE Ct4JtE / 9
1.9.2 KOEOt4t.lt4JEHT KOL|EFbA t/ EOT4KACHOCT KOqEFbA / I
'1
.9.3 TEOPTJCK|/ 3AyCTABHI/ nyT / 10
1.9.4 NPAKTTLIHH 3AYCTABHI/ NYT / 1O
1.9.5 AyXt/HA nyTA y TOKy yOTIABAFbA / PEAKqHJE BO3ALjA / 12

2 NPAJEKTOBAIfiE NWEBA I 13
2.1 yBOA / 13
2.2 EJIEMEHTT/ NONPELIHOT NPOOhJIA NYTA / 14
2.2.1 KATETOP/3Aqt4JA JABHI4X nyTEBA / 16
2.3 OCOBI4HA nyTA y Ct4TyAl_.lt4OHOM nrAHy / 23
2.3.1 nOIynpELtHtAKK?IASI4HE I 24
2.3.2 EJIEMEHT'4 XOPI43OHTMHE KPhBI4HE /25
2.3.2.1 npfiHl_lHnh BilTOnEpEbA KOitOBO3A t27
2.3.3 yTt4qAJ 3AyCTABHE npEFitEAHOCTr4y npOJEKTOBAFby
XOPI43OHTAJIHE KPI4BT4HE I 29
2.4 y3AyXHt4 nPOOt4Jt / 30
2.4.1 npHHqHnil BEpTl4KA.l"tHt/X Kpt4]t HA I 31
2.4.2 MI/HI4MAIHA t4 3AXTEBAHA 3AyCTABHA nPETflEAHOCT / 31
2.4.2.1 3AyCTABHA nPETflEAHOCT y KCHBEKCHOJ Kpt{Bi{HtA ts2
2.4.2.2 3AYCTABHA NPETIEAHOCT Y KOHKABHOJ KPIABI/HIA 133
2.4.2.3 n PET|4|-.IAJHA nPE ff EAHOCT v KOH BEKCHOJ BEpTt4 KAJ] HOJ KpLABtAHtA /35
2.s ocHoBHt4 npt41t44t1r4 TpACt4pAt-bA i 35
2.5.1 KJIACI/L{AH NOCTYNAK TPACI/PA}.bA / 36
2.5.2 NOCTYNAK TPACI4PAFbA NOMOIY PAL{YHAPA / 40
2.6 AEHI,IBEII4CAHE pACKpCllLA.l;E I 41
2.7 nOBPI_II4HCKE pACKpCHr4qE - pACKpCHt4LlE y Ht4BOy I 43
2.8 OCHOBHI4 EIEMEHTI/ CAOSPAEAJHE AHA,NI43E i 45
2.8.1 NPOTOK, 5P3I4HA L4 TYCTAHA / 45
2.8.2 OCHOBHI4 MOAEIl/ CAOEPAIAJHt4X TOKOBA / 46
2.8.2.1 MOAEI 5p3hHA - TyCTI4HA / 46
2.8.2.2 MOAEI npCTOK - TyCTIAHA I 47
2.8.2.3 MOAEI EP3|4HA-nPOTOK / 48
2.9 KAnALII4TET L4 H|ABO| yCIryTE / 49
2.10 MOAEI CAOSPAIAJHOT nPOTOKA / 53
2.10 nOACOHOB MOAEI i ss
3 npa,tEKToBAtf,E rpMCKt4X ynHUA I 55
3.1 yBOA / 55
3.2 KItACt/Ot4KAt_.1t4JA rpAACKt4X CAOspAtAJHt4l_.lA /56
3.3 nOBpult4HcKE pAcKpcHr4t_.lE / 64
3.4 AYTOSYCKA CTAJA|IKILIJTA / 68
3.5 NELUAL]KE CTA3E i/ TPOTOAPIA I7A
3.6 StAt)tAKn CTtlrtKE CTA3E I72
3.7 IAPK!4PAI]I/1U.ITA 173
3.8 KOHqEnT yMl4pEt-bA CAOSPAEAJA t77
 4 AEPOAPOMU I 79
4.1 yBOA / 79
4.2 KATETOPI43AUI4JA AEPOAPOMA / 80
4.3 3AtrJTl4lEHE 3OHE AEPOIPOMA / 81
4.4 TEOMETPT4JA AEPOAPOMA i 85
4.5 CI4THAII43AUIJA / 90
4.6 TA6AP!4T[/ AB!4OHA / 92
4.7 METOAE ACN 14 PCN 3A OqEHv HOCI4BOCTI4 KOTIOBO3A / 93
4.8 OPI/JEHTAI-II4JA AEPOAPOMA / 94

5 XEnE3H|4UE 197
5.1 vBo[ / 97
5.2 OCHOBHE KflACt/Ol4KALll/JE nPvTA / 98
s.3 crnE KoJE AEIlvJv HA BO3 / e8
5.4 3AyCTABHI/ nyT / 99
5.5 l4cKoPl4uJEEl-bE KI4HETI4L]KE EHFPTI4JE XE,NE3HI4LIKE
BO3A / 99
5.6 OCHOtsHI/ KOHCTPYKTI4BHK1 E.IIEMEHTI4 NPYTE / 1OO

5.6.1 Ct4TvAql/oHr nrAH t4 v3AyXHl4 nPOOrr / 100

5.6.2 N,NAHYM )KE,NE3HilqKE NPYTE i 1OO
5.6.3 CIOSOAHI4 nPOOiln FPyTE / 100
5.6.4 TEOMETPI4JCKil ENEMEHT/ NIAHA NPYIE / 1O'1
5.6.s E|EMEHTI4 v3AvxHor nPooi4jlA / 103
5.7 XEilE3Ht/\iKE CTAHI4qE 1104
5.8 OCHOBHI/ EIIEMEHTI4 TOPFbET CTPOJA / 108

6 KOftOBO?HE KOHCTPYKqv4JE I 113

6.1 yBOA i 113
6.2 T/nOBh CABPEMEHIIX KOJIOBO3HI4X KOHCTPyKI-.II4JA / 114
6.2.1 TTnOBH CABPEMEHt4X OnEKCr45ilnHfiX KO|OBO3Hi/X KOHCTPyKI-.II4JA / 114
6.2.2 THnOBn CABPEMEHI4X KPyTl4X KOJIOBO3HI4X KOHCTPyKI-]|4JA / 117
6.3 CIIOJEBI4 KOJIOBO3HI/X KOHCTPyKqI4JA / 1 19
'.:r:l
:{:::
6.3.1 nOCTEJbl4l-lA / 119
il.' '
6.3.2 AOr-bA nOAnOrA - TAMnOH / 120
ti
6.3.3 r-oPFbA noMoTA / 122
ir:
;;:t: 6.3.4 3ACTOP / 123
a:1:1 6.4 MATEPI4JAIIA 1125
6.4.1 HEBE3AHI4 3PHACTI4 MATEPI4JAIII4 1126
i;
6.4,2 BE3AHi4 MATEPI4JAJIIA I 127
6.4.3 ACOAIIT EETOH|,1 / 132
6.4.4 UEMEHTHI4 sETOHl4 / 133
6.5 vTl/l-lAJi4 CPEg|/HE HA KO.nOBO3HE KOHCTPyKI-II4JE / 13e
6.s.1 yTI4UAJI4 TEMnEPATyPE l/ BOAE HA O"ilEKCtlEl4JlHE
,a{- KOIIOBO3HE KOHCTPyKUI4JE / 139
6.5.1.1 nPOAl4PAl-bE MPA3A KPO3 KOJIOBO3Hy KOHCTPyKWJy 1143
.:
6.5.1.2 OAKTOPI4 KOJ[4 yT!4qy HA .rtoMotsE KOIIOBO3HE KOHCTPyKI-]I4JE nPil Hl4CKviM
TEMNEPATYPAMA / 146
6.5.2 yTt4t_.[AJi/ CPEAI4HE HA KPyTE KOflOBO3HE KOHCTPyKI-iI/JE i 149
6.s.2.1 HAnOHI4 l/3Bl4JAFbA y nnoLll4 / 149
6.5.2.2 HAnOHn TPEFbA l/3MEEv BE-I-OHCKE nroqE fi nOAIOTE / 1s1
ir:
6.5.2.3 Ul14PEFbE nIOLIA / 151
6"5.2.4 CKYNJbAFbE EETOHCKilX NIOLIA / 152
6.5.2.5 nPilTAJEHi4 HAnOH/ v SETOHy / 154
i 6.5.2.6 TEPML4LiKE NYKOTI4HE Y CBEXEM EETOHCKOM KOJIOBO3Y / 154
'i:.ii
6.5.2.7 CynEpno3l 'AiAJA HAnOHA KOA KPyTilX KOIIOBO3HT4X KOHCTPyKqL4JA / r57
a:1..:; 6.6 At4MEH3L4OHI4PAFbEKOIIOBO3HhXKOHCTPyKI-II4JA /161
6.6.1 [rUrHSnoHt4pAFbE OItEKC14Sr4jrHtX KOITOBO3HT/X KOHCTPyKI.]I4JA METOAOM
AASHTO / 16I
a:
l
6.6.2 AASHTO / 174
At4MEH3|4OH14pAHrE KPyTt4X KOIIOBO3HI4X KOHCTPyKI-.I|4JA METOAOM
6.7 CnCrOpr OA I-IPEoAEPI4KOBAHI/X SETOHCKkIX EJIEMEHATA /1e2
7

6.7,1 ONLXTE KAPAKTEPI4CTI4KE I 192

6.7.2 KAPAKTEPI/CTI/KE MATEPI4JAIIA / 193
6.7.3 AI4MEH3I4OH!4PAbE / 193
6.7.4 HAL{I4H NOCTABJbAbA SETOHCKI4X EJIEMEHATA Y KOJIOBO3HI4 3ACTOP / 195
6.7.5 OAPXABAFbE 3ACTOPA Ofl SETOHCKI4X 6nOKOBA I 1s7
6.8 OAPXABAI-bE ACOA/]THI4X 3ACTOP A I 2OO
6"8.1 AEAL4H|4]:AJA npEBEHTt4BHOt- OlpxABAb A/ 2OO
6.8.2 nOCTynLlH nPEBEHTt4BHOT OAPXABAFbA / 2OO
6.8.3 MATEPI4JAJ1A n nOCTynqfi 34 nonpABKy nyKOTt4HA
y AcoA.nTHhM 3ACTOP|/MA t2O3
6.8.4. MATEPI4JAII4 14 nOCTvnLlH 34 OnPABKE pynA y AcoAJtTHt/M KOflOBO3]AMA t222
6.8.5. OSHOBA KOJ]OBO3Ht4X KOHCTPyK$]AJA I 234
6.8.5.1. nOBPLrJ!4HCKE OSPME t234
6.8.5.2. OSPMA MAitTEpOM -'CJtApt/ Ci'An" t24O
6.8.s.3. Mt/KPO-3ACTOP| I 244
68.6. PETEHEPA|_.II4JA KO|OBO3Ht/X KOHCTpyK1t JA t246
6.8.7 OAPXABAFbE KpyTt4X - EETOHCKT4X 3ACTOP A t256
o[Hoc
BO3H'IA H NYTA

1.1 yBOR

O,quoc ustilely Bo3una u nyra npeAcTaB;ba ocHoBy sa npojexroeahbe nyreBa u aHanh3y

cao6pahaja. Ha nprauep, l4pehrBaFbe AyxnHe rpaKa 3a y6p3aBaFe u vcnopaBaFbe,
MaKCuMaJrHOr Haril6a (noAvxsor M [sllpgS!|or), 34/cTqELie U npgrH[aluq nperne4Hocrl4 14

AF, SaerCe oa pasu,reeaFba noHaurar-balllghlra Ha-ryTy, 9A!1-0,911o,-o-4.[epa51epy9-I1g

@suna, raxobe, y"rr,4qy-H' bgpetla B aFbe Har{il H a xourpon€
cao6FaFaia, orpaHHqeFba 6psnue H BpeMeHcKHX 14HrepBana rpaiarsa cBernocHe
cao6pahajHe curHanrsaquje.

npoy,raBaFbe KapaKrep !q Je-

ocHoBHe $ynxquje. llPao,
ffioryhasa ysng y npojerroBaFbe nyreBa H Kolllpl rpeG i an pasra ru4a'6n _6yci_
ocH

: a-_caBpeuglul Bo3una Ha nocrolehe

nyl"tt , *onoeo.
nftfFqr4ne nFoieKrGe[-a Ba Apyra SyHKquJa Je
Ha@orr,rrra6y4yfieHOBuTeTer4TeXHonou,jKapeueFbaB03hna'
TaxehHoguterryayrouo6uncxojnH4ycrpnjufieE'{9@HaqHHa]4
npilHq@lrear,LrLt"ra-oe-soeAHccru,eKoHovH,lirocrur,1lpainocr.u.
+
-

q
^.1't,/-

i r]vw
.-- ;,,'l1''
' . -.. I
j lfr'L'i "/'
, .(r! '
a?FcR PE; - ./
r fiB fu ,tc\l'
ortaoL', L\ \iJ t t": ./ '

i' Necl rilr ' v'r- '11eU'J

-a'+
'\
io" l^ {-{< "'_
;li& ttic<,/ ! 2,.'. r' Lr
?''""/'
\'-?7q qc
A,u ltrt r ,.<

Cnuxa 1.1 lrcnosuquja cuna Koie Aerlyly Ha Bo3l,1ro

Ha oeoj cnullil je,4, ornop oA Ba3Ayxa, R,, otnop npil KorplbaFby npeAber nHeyMaruKa'
R,, otnop npu KorptbaFby 3aArber neHyMaruKa, F, aytua cuna npeAFbl4x roLlKoBa, F/
ByqHa ci4r']a 3agFbt4x roriKoBa, l'lz onrepehebe oA Bosl,lna y FbyrHuMa,0o aaru6 paaau
KpeTabay cTeneH,4Ma, m MacaBo3r4na y KM)rorpaMi4tvta il a y6p3aFbey m/s2'
36rapor,,l no cMepoBrlMa cBilx HaBeAeHux cr4na napane,.rHr4x KonoBo3Hoj noBpull4Hl/ Ao6via
ce:

F
1 + F, = ma + Ro + Rry + R.i'"
+.R, (1.1 )

rAe je Rq =W.sin0o(ornop oA noAyxHor Haru6a). JerqHociaauocru paAu, cBe o4re

ucror cMepa cy rpynilcaHe ca AecFie cTpaHe 3HaKa jeAHaKOCrl4:

F=ma+Ra+R,.1 +R, (1.2)

1.3 OTnOP OA BA3AyXA \V

Ornop oA Ba3Ayxa je cranHa cuna Koja uMa 3HaqajaH AHHali,'ll4qK4 frilL{a1 Ha
KapaKTepHcTHKe Bo3una. llpr,l eehuu 6psnnalta, KaA Ta KcMnoHeHra oTnopa Moxe 6uru
 Op,noc Boshna u nyra

BO3Hna quHH npaBunHO aepoAilHaMuqKo

npeKopaHeHa, ocHoBHy KapaKrepHCTHKy ce nonaxe BenuKa naxFba'
peuel'be. V ,qaHaurue Ha ry Kapalfiepucrt4Ky Bo3hna
'pu*t,
,,,ti+."1-Xf [n:l;;l;,:*fjillf
"(
,n:l-m;mru;",n':i'd,:{"Tj.JX1f
u*pon'*""'*ror ie rperue sitgyxa ry ornopa
'lyH::
eosuna'
12ok op,yKynHor je ''l?l:t"ptiu
crpyjarue Ba3Ayxa Kpo3
oA-yKynHor aepoAuHaMrqKor ornopa
,-J,,'.... ... ,fora*,i'oxo g7"(xnanriail',
(. - - "",^!#;;;;; ,o.rn" u Ba3AytuHa seurunaquja).
-'SY41*t"r*reoA eagAvxa je cneAehq:
,l)\-sf--\.'t:-
\,
i,\%.*","r. ;;;,;p------
t {rn{}'r
^c1/
,r,.r,/ ,,!- t ,R, rCr.,Ar.V, I tt.st
u.,.Jhi't" f; \\ ='l
2 "
,';*l':f"-
'( - "'. Y,*," ' ,,$t" i6 ^ n/nru'ra Ra3nvxa v KunorpaMuMa no ry6uot"t Merpy [l(g/m-j \ g=--
1 A' :;
{'
o
#4"'i.." - "" ::
\, i,i"-,:-r-?rgr,,::"##*}H*T:#:1ilff'f :y#'"1fi=*'ffi:: ::/r- :l
''' r,,,-*"ff*;
-. u Ma ga ie
::'1";n',"'.'ll;
oHa je,qnaxa 6psunu
p' eerpa y MerpHMa y _ce-rylRr,l [mlq],
(qn4 ce v npaxcii,ygt
: -' Bosuna)'
Br4cuHe M reMneparype' OprjeHraquoHe
l-ycrrana Ba3Ayxa je $yHxqnia HaAMopcKe
'. Bpegnocrr,l cy iasegene y ra6enu
'1
'
"1
oApefeHr'rr"r aruoc$epcxt'lt"t
1 Ta6ena 1.1 Tunuque BpeAHocrl4 rycTuHe Ba3Ayxay
,/
.tI- H-aa
r'r o pc xa e u o,t n a I m] Ter.rneoarvpa ['Cl
t5
llorarr,rcax IkPa]
101.4
lvcrusa [ks/m"l
1.2256
n

P' 3000
o-7
AE.
84.4
70.1
I .U50 /
0.9096

ornopa oA Ba3Ayxa
'',''/ V ra6enu 1.2 cy npuKa3aHe BpeAHocrll xoe$raqr,tjeura
.i! KapaKTephcTl4L{H a B03i4na-
Ba3Ayxa 3a
Y
I aoena I.z. Tnnuqne BpeAHocr14 xoe$raqujeHra ornopa.oA
v eoguna [4
Tun eost4na KoeSr,rUrajeHr or!9P9 ts-
ayrouo6un 0.25 - 0.55
ayro6yc 0.5 - 0.7
TpaKTOp - TerJba't
0.6 - 1.3
nD7-l R
MOTpoqilKn
6psune Kperaba Bo3una'
36or nponopquoHanHor oAHoca ornopa
o4-t1t+y*'KBaApary
'Melyrr,lru'
eehu ca nopacroM oft'l'"' cyla ryl!9913-jg
iacHo je ga je ornop
caBnaAaBaFbe orn opa Basayx4ej*
I PRo =l ,o'uf 'uu (1.4)

rgele Pr"cHara 5r BaruMa tNI6].

4 Onnoc Bosuna n nvra

1.4 OTNOP KOTPJbAI+

&t cvo
u]19fi5,9Q&&y*rj_gorocil Ha Ornop crBopeH yHvrpauFbr,lM rp_ebe]4 y, !$gxarueuy
Bo3una 14 nHey@E9l@osHygq!_r.u_lxy*Ocgqe_x4yipsK_agor,r_olro+y_cJ
rpeHtreM
ne0opuaqutle nH Cuna norpe6xa ga ce caBnaAa ornop oBe 4eSopr"rar4aje je
sxo 90% oA yKynHor ornopa KorplbaFby. 3asrcnocr Mace Bo3una u cacraBa uarepujana
y sacropy, neHerpaqnja nHeyMaruKa y 3acrop u o4roeapajyha s6ujetocr 3acropa, raxofe,
fruqy Ha ornop Korp/baruy (oxo 4o/o op yKynHor ornopa xorpruaruy). flpoxnusaaarue
nHeyMaruKa no KonoBo3Hoj noapuuxu npu noKperaFby Bo3hna r LlhpKynficaFbe Ba3A),txa
oKo nHeyMarilKa il roqKa, yruqe ca oKo 6% yrynnor ornopa KorpJbaFby [f] Ta6opex
(Taborek 1957).

Ananusupajyhu EBe il3Bope ornopy KorprbaFba, rpr Qaxropa cy BpeAHa naxbe:

1. l1peo, xpyrocr nHeyMarhKa u 3acropa yruHy Ha creneH nererpaquje nHeyMaruKa
y 3acrop, s6ujerocr 3acropa u ,qeSopuaqujy nHeymarraxa. Tepg, cyB u paBaH
3acrop Hsa3!4Ba najvarun ornop Korptbai-by
2. ,{pyro, crarue nHeyMarilKa, yxnyvyjyhu HaAyBaHocr nHeyMaruKa H reMneparypy,
uua snavajal AilHaMhLrKr4 yruqaj na ornop Korprbauy. Benuxa HarqyBaHocr
nHeyMarilKa na rapgoj xonoeoeHoj noBprlHHM ouraruyje ornope Korplbaby, rlro
pesynryje caBnaAaBaFby rpeFba, anil nosehaga ornope KorpIbaFby Ha MeKaH[M,
HenoKpuBeHilM, noBpuluHaMa y3 AoAarHc ypaFbaFbe nHyMarHKa y KoaoBosHy
noBpLut4Hy. lllcro raKo, Bulua reMneparypa nHeyMarrKa noeehaea
$nercu6unnocr anu cuarsyje ornope nHeyMaruKa Ha 4e$opr,,raqr,tje
3. Tpehe, 6pauxa Bosr4Jla yruqe Ha ge$oprrlaqnje nHeyMarHKa. iloeehaFbe 6psuHe
pesynryje AoAarHur\,{ casujarsutaa nHeyMarrKa u ara6paqujaua xoje noeehasajy
oTnope KorprbaFby.

klgnurueelbq 9ylerigqq{q4q_leIgg_Qri.lujeHr ornopa KargDaby:enHaK: -

(1.s)

r4glg=l_fpraHa Bo3une y Merpt4M Ca cnnxe 1.1 ce eurgr ga je ornop

KorplbaFby y hyrHrlMa [N] je4uax npou3BoAy xoeSraqr,rjenra ornopa KorplbaFby t4
Wcos 09, a onrepeherue oA Bo3t4ra ,qenyje BepruKar'lHo HaHr4xe. Kog ayronyreea, 0g je
cyBlll.ue Manu 14 Moxe ce cMarparu ga je cos Ag = 1 , uro 4aje jegHarraHy ornopa
K0Tp].oSl-bll

!:t= f:! w_ (1.6)

Orqarne je cHara 3a caBnaAaBalbe ornopa KorpJbaFby:

Pp.=f;'W.V
,\rl (1.7)

1.5 OTnOP O.q HArilEA

Ornop o4 naru6a je rpaeuraqhoHa cr4na xoja 4enyje Ha Boshro. Kao uro ce B[Au ca
cnuxe 1.1, ornop o4 raru6a je:
Opnoc Bo3hna h nyra

(1.8)
R, =W 'sin 0,
Harr6a Ha ayronyreBuMa, sin 0g = tan 09, tlro 6il
Kao u xog je4HauuHe (1.6), s6or MaJIMX

3Haquno: (1.s)
Rg =W 'tan0, =W'G
r4ejeGnarn6,4eQtlHilcaHnpoMeHoMBr4chHenooApebeHojxopl43oHranHoj4yxunr(nnp'
G=5%=0.05).

PACNONOXilBA BYqHA CI4JIA

p"rnono*rr" ByL{Ha cuna je ona xojot"t Morop Bo3una caBnaAaBa cBe ornope xojr,t 4enyjy
*a to.rno. oni 1e Qyuxqrala pacnoAene Mace Bo3una u
KapaKrepficr]lKa KoHraKTa
nHeyMaTuKa 14 KOfiOBO3He noBpujuHe'

1.6.1 MAKCI4MAIIHA BYI{HA CilNA

He u3a3uBa
OHa epeguocr ByqHe cune Ao xoie o6prHu MoMeHar f"l1]t .i: ]::1' "
H KonoBo3He noBpl'IJuHe, je uaxcuuanHa
ByHHa
npoKnn3aBaFbe Ha KoHTaKTy nHeyMaTilKa
norpe6Ho je o4peguru HopManHe chJle
cuna. 3a ogpelrasarse MaKcilManHe ByqHe cune'
oKo KoHTaKrHe raqKe A Ha
ira noAnory no xojoi ce Bo3!4Jlo rpehe us cyMe MoMeHara
KOHTaKTy npeAber nHeyMaruKa u noAnoTe:
(1.10)
wr= L
rgele/ocoBI4HcKr4pa3MaKTo.]KoBa,/,pacrojaruenpeAFberToqKaoATeXr4UTaeosMna,/,
xoja genyie Ha npeAby oc-o-Bl/Hy.
pacrojarue 3arqber roqKa oA Texilura Bo3r4na' W,cuna
cut'l6onu oAroBapaly
!oarn", 1,1t, cuna xoja penyje Ha 3aAFby ocoBl4Hy Bo3r4na' Ocranlt aKo ce Bo3ilno
oHuM onucaHuM y3 cnuKy i.t. tt'to'tetr Haru6a
(Wh sin 6n) ie nerarraeaH-
ys6p4o' Axo cy naru6u trlanra' ra4a je
xpehe Hrasopgo, a no3uruBaH aKO ce Bosfino xpehe
'llpeypeferueu
cos 0g -- l. jegnauune u saMeHoM y je,qHa'ruuu 1'2 go6uja ce:
(1.11)
w,='J-,r*!tr-^,,1
'LL
ByL{Ha cuna Je:
[lper,,ra ocHoBHl,lM npuHl-{unuMa $nsuxe, MaKCuMaflHa
(1.1 2)
Frnaa = lL'Wr
(1 .1 1) ca je4HaurHou (1 '1 2) Ao6rja ce:
Kor$6iaHoeaFbeu iegHavune
ft. ,,
u\*, -fL tr*u* -P,,)l
I

(1.1 3)
F,nu, =
L' J

vrY(Ir-f1h)lt' (1.14)
/rrar-
1_VhlL
l4crot*lnornxoMceAofia3l/AoMaKcuManHeByqHecune'cyMupaFbeMMoMeHara0K0
nueyuarraxy):
KoHTaKTHe raqxe B (xonraxrHa TaqKa Ha s3AFbeM
6 Onuoc BoShna h nVTa

Frnd_pW(1,+f,,h)lL
I+ phlL
(1.15)

Benu,rr4He, h, /o /,u 1., y jegna,rraHarrra (1 .14) r,t (1.15), tuory 6uru y 6r,lno xojttv gyxtrxcxutll
je4nnuqaua (cm, m ...), s6or cxpahuearua'

1.6.2 nOTOHCKA Byt{HA CHflA

l-lorogcxa ByeHa crna ie nocne,quqa xoucrpyxquje Moropa. laa Haj6r,lrHuja nojva cy
o6prxu MoMeHar Me lNml 14 cHara MoTopa Pe [kW]. Cxara uoropa saB!4ct4 og o6prnor
MOMCHTA:

p^ = 2,M ,',
je (1.16)
- looo
rge je n" 6poj o6praja parqunuqe y ceKyHAll. [1ot',tohy eneMeHara npeHoca v
4rasepexqrajana, KOHrponuue ce 6psnHa o6prarua rovra, oAH0cHo cnpeHaBa ce
npoKnu3aBaFbe nHeyMaruKa no KoHTaKTHoj noepuunll. ByvHa cnna Moropa nocrMxe cully
HA BYLIHI4M TOt]KOBHMA:

MeEo\d
F, = (1,17)

rqe je pagujyc rollKa, o, *o"$rurl.Hr Kopr4cHocru npeHoca (4;0.75-a'95), t"

r
xoe$raqujenr pegyxqr,rje o6praja (a, je uajveuie 4).

Besa rasurely 6psuHe Bosilna u 6psrHe o6prarsa vauluHe je:

, _ 2nrne( - i) (1.18)
Eo

r.qe je /6psrana Bost4Jla Im/s], a ije npoqeHar npoKflil3aBaba (Haiveuhe i=0.02-0.05).

1.7 vBP3Al-bE BO3l4IlA

Pacnonoxhea ByqHa cuna Moxe Aa ce Kopl4cru sa ogpeluearue 6pojnux KapaKTepucruKa
Bo3ilna. Hexe og rrax cy y6psaFbe u MaKcu'lManua 6p:uHa. llonaeehu og iegnavuue (1,2)
Ao6uja ce je4uavuua:
F-I R='tmma (1.19)

rpe je y, Sarrop uace je,quax f m =1.04+0.0025 '"|. Au cnuqu 1.2 ruory ce naKo

yoqr4Tt4 OAHoct4 r,t:rvrefiy MaKchManHe ByqHe Cune Fmax, noroncKe ByqHe Cune Fe h cyMe
ornopa J9.
Kaga 1e F*, 2 0, (npr,t 6psranar',ra Mab[M oA MaKcuManne) raga ie:
Opnoc Bo3hna 14 nyra

Rr =w'sin 9' (1'8)

Ha ayronyreBuna' sin 0g = tan 0g' wo 6u

Kao u xog,ie,qxauuHe (1.6), s6or t',tanux naru6a
3Haqiln0: (1'9)
Rg=W'tan0, =W'G
rAeje6riaru6,gesurr[caHnpoMeHOMB!4chHenoo4pe|euojXopt43oHTanHojgyxraHu(Hnp'
G=5%=0.05).

'{,t$'l PAcnofloxl4BA BY.{HA cnnA

Bo3ilna caBnaAaBa cBe ornope xojra 4eny1y
Pacnonoxilea ByL{Ha cuna ie oua xoiou Morop
HaBo3r4no.oHajeQyuxqrajapacnoAeneMaceBo3r4nauKapaKTepucTHKaKoHTaKTa
nHeyMaTnKa 14 KOJIOBO3He noBptljMHe'

1.6.1 MAKCI4MANHA BYI{HA CHNA

MoMeHar u He u3a3rBa
OHa epeguocr ByqHe cune Ao xoje o6prnr'r ftrylt fl T:,1*'
npoKnH3aBaFbe Ha KOHTaKTy nHeyMaThKa
u KouoBo3He noBptlll4He' .ie uaxcut'ranna ByqHa
norpe6Ho ie o4peguru HopManHe cnre
cnna. 3a ogpefulaarue uaxiutuanne ByqHe cnne' A na
Ha noAnory no xojoj ," xpette ue cyMe MoMeHaTa oKo KoHTaKTHe raqxe
"ot'no
KOHTaKTy npeAFber nHeyMaTilKa u noAflore:
Roh + I4/t
7 cos} , + trnh !W!t :-g- (1.10)
u'-'
t'r -
L
r,qeje/ocoBl4HcKhpasMaKTorKoBa,/rpacrojaruenpeAFberroqKaoATexHuJTaaosuna'/'
xoja rqenyie Ha npeAby-oc_o_B::)i.
pacrojarue 3aAber roqKa oA rexilura Bo3hna, w,cuna
Ocranu cuu6onu oAroBapaly
to.rtiu, W,cuna rola genyje Ha 3ar4iby ocoBl4Hy Bo3r4na'
oHr,1M onucaHutul y3 cnuKy i.t. tt'lo"t*t
naru6a (lLh si1 gr) ie rieraruaaH aKo ce :::il:
xpehe ys6pgo' Axo cy uaru6u Manil' raAa le
xpehe nrasOp,qo, a no3tlTuBaH aKo ce Bo3uno
cos 0g = 7. l-ipeypefeueu
jegravnne H 3aMeHoM y ie'qiraruHt't 1'2 go6uja ce:
(1.11)
u',=+1Y-!6-R'1\
LL
ByqHa crna le:
[1peua ocnosHuM np!4Hl]Mnuua $usuxe, MaKcllManHa
(1.1 2)
FrL,vY = *'Wr
je4iravrne (1 .1 1) ca je4Havunou (1 '1 2) go6uja ce:
Kotrr6ilHoeaFbev

. max rl+- - !rr^u,- ^,,,] (1.1 3)

vrY(lr-frth)tL (1.14)
lmax-.ttr
l-p.fL/L

llcrotunoruxoMceAofla3HAOMaKci4MafiHeByi-{Hecune,cyMilpaFbeMMoMeHaTaoKo
*o*r"*r*a ra'rxe B (xonraxrHa raqKa Ha 3aArbeM nHeyuarr,txy):
Ognoc Bo3hna ,1 nyra

- dl' vllvil=-=;-
, f,mdV
Frn,=ynnt ,
dl f net

MaKcyilanHa eyrla Crna. F-,

-. - noroHcKa ayqHa cutu,F.
---
YxYnHh ornopn, lR

v' v' v^

cnrxa 1.2 ogHocra 143Meby 6psuncxux npeHoca, MaKctlMaflHe ByqHe cHne il yKynHilx
oTnopa

l-lo1uro le Fnet $ynxqraja 6psuHe Bo3una, uHrerpalbeFbeM ce Moxe ,qo6uru epeue

y6p3aFba:

,l't dV
t=yn., )vi nn
(1.20)

tAeje V1 norleTHa 6psuua Bo3una, a Vruaiaeha 6psnna Bo3ufla. CnuqHo ToMe, MoXe Ce

oApeAuTr4 fi AyXuHa 3a nocru3ahbe y6p3aFba:

^ ry" Vdl'
Da=lm'r,'hi (1.21)
-fA
1.8 EOHKACHOCT TOPHBA
Ha e$r,axacnocT rop14Ba, AoMuHaHTaH yTl4L{aj hMa KoHcTpyKLluja MoTopa, peLrJeFbe
MexaHHqKor npeHoca noroHcKe ByqHe cune oA Moropa A0 ToqKoBa, Maca Bo3hJ'la'
KBanilTeT h il3fneA nHeyMaTI4Ka.

1.9 nPHHqHnH KOt{ElbA

Ca CranoeuuTa npojeKTOBaFba nyreBa, KoqMoHe KapaKrephcTt4Ke HMajy AoMUHaHTaH
y-rrrqaj y oAHocy Ha ocrane KapaKrepilcTt4Ke Bo3ilna. nosHaeaFbe noHaulaFba Bo3una npu
KOqeFby ilMa npec)'AaH yrl4Llaj sa oApebuBaFbe nperneAHocrH npi/ 3aycraBjbaby,
TeKCType KOTOBO3He nOBpuluHe u cnpeqaBaFbe Hecpeha.
8 Onnoc eosnna u nvra

//
1.9.1 KOqhOHE Ct4JlE \'rt
Fo,u Fo,
Ha cnuqu 1.3 1e npr,rxasaHa Aucno3uquja cuna npilnilKoM KoqeFba Bo3l4Jla. cune
vnv Ha3aAFbeM rosry. Ocrane cune cy o6iauruene panuje'
cy Koqt4oHe cufie Ha npeAFbeM

/y
f
Cnrxa 1.3 Cule xoje genyiy Ha Bosuno 3a BpeMe KoqeFba ,v
4t

i4s.cyr,,re MoMeHara oKo KoHraKrH!4x raHaKa A !F.Ugry-qU rgpglgl1loryg1 ry4e

f %9llryf-Rd'rafg1E
"f
atu a, ryLI!. i*
1t I -

H' t = ;ft t,. - h1.o - Ro lW sin}, )l (1.22)

(1.23)

F6 + frlW = ma- Ra+IV sin9S (1.24],

= Ftr * Fr^ 3aMexov jegHa'rnne (1'24) y jegna'rnuy (1'22) r,r

jegHavr,tHy (1.23),
rge je Fo
po6 r,1 j ajy c1 llgpM4lllle cu.n e -y-KqHraKtl t4I4,Ia!KeUq' y 3 aB r cH ocrl/ oA yKynHe KoHl4OHe
cvne Fb.

w7 = tY!,,.':r1r,(t1 (1.25)

w,,=llw,rr-n{}+f,:nl (1.26)
Opnoc Bost4na n nyra

Vxynxa ro,{uoHa cnna iellFtaxa je npohsegAY q_e$hq,hi,e,T11f1:-g:--19^'l^iqpM4n!e

Ha;ffioHa cuna Ha npeAbuM roqKoBuMa JeAHaKa'

FbI
^u*
= v .w f = YU, . yl::f ,r i- (1.271

a Ha 3aA$uM:
(1.28)

nocrnxe ce HenocpeAHo npeA noqeraK npoxnusaaarra' Axo

Maxcur*aanna Koqr4oHa cnna
nHeyMaTl4qunoqHyAanpoxnusaeajy,Aona3HAooceTHorcMaFbeFbaa.qxesrjeHaKoHTaKTy
--pasnr,,|'luTMM.
cTaFbhMa Ha KofloBo3y, nocTttlHyTt'
nHeyMaTilKa u KOnoBo3a. flptl .1

xoe$raqrajeHru a4xesuje cy npuKa3aHu y ra6enr,t '3'

Ta6ena 1.3 T TV a a.axe3ille npu Koleiby BU srana [2]

Koeduuuiener aAXe3nJe P
Konogos
Maxcutr,tVrlt flpornusasaFbe
1.00 0.80
XOANAB, CVB
xoanaB. BnaxaH 0.90 0.60
|NATAK. CVB 0.80 0.55
0.60 0.30
rna.aaK, BnaxaH
Ha6uieri cHer unu neA 0.25 0.10

1.9.2 KOEOHqI4JEHT KOqEtbA t4 EOHKACHOCT KOqEbA

HaogpeleHoj4eoHr,lqr,rnyTaMaKcuManHoycnopaBabeBo3r4na,nouohyKoqr4oHor
a I rpaBilraL{uoHo
crrr."", l"g*"*o ie 1q, rpe ie p xoeQr,tqu,iexr rpersa (agxesuje)'
ycnopaBaFbe, K'quoHH
[a 6r,n 6r,nno nocrr4rH]ro MaKcrManHo
;a;.;;; isi.'aoz
'n1r1.
cilCTeMBo3unaMopapaBHoMepHoAapacnopelyjeKottl4oHecuneusr'le|yKoqHI4qaHa
rpaHHql4
cy nHeyMaTUtlH Ha
nprn*oi u sagruoj ocoBt4Ht4. MaxcnuanHa Kot{l4oHa CI4na, KaAa
je cune (cuna na npe4ruoj
npoKnu3aBaFba, 6uhe no.trttyrt xaga xoesuquienr Koqr4oHe
ocoBr4HI4 / cuna na sagmoj ocosrHu):

o l,+h l1+f4) (1.2s)

oFRytrmax=T _hittr,-frf

rpeje BRFr, rr-xoeSutlujeHr xoquone cune'

xoreroy je:
l-lpoqeHar KoL{t4oHe chre Ha npegrsoj ocoBr4Hil, npu MaKo4Mannou
100 (1.30)
-'J = 100-.---=----
PBFr
l+BFR1lrmax

a xa sagruoj ie:
1oo (1.31)
rDDE-
Dt r - l_ BFR.1 trmu;
1.9.3 TEOPHJCKH 3AYCTABHil NYT

Vepaeyr',resaFbenponopqiljaxovuonuxcrana(npegrua143aAFbaocoauua)upe3yJ']TaTa
3aycTaBHOr nyra'
eQrxacxocru KoqeFba, MOXe ce pa3MaTpaTH U noiau Mr4H[ManHor
n}Ta, Koql4oHHX c!4Ia, Mace u
AHanilsol',l cnuxe 1'3, yolasa ce Be3a rrllsr',refy 3aycTaBHor
6psuue B03Hna:
In.-\-pl
oa, =lulas
I tb'm l
= vav (1.32)

(ea
rge je yo $arrop Mace y xojr,t cy ypaqyHaru .yHlrpauFbt/ MoMeHru roxotrl xoverua
jegraunne (1.32), go6uia ce
.lio"obirn" 1e i.Oa [3] Boirr'0Nong rgTe)). tulxrerpaqr,|jou
3aycraBHu nlT:

t=Ji,tvb,;+n (1.33)

Axo ce yMecro IR yaegy cBr4 ornopu, raga je:

I't VdV (1.34)

5=yn'mlrl
Fo+ R"+ frW +W sin9r
KorptbaFby' a
rpe 1e V., noHerHa 6psuHa Bo3una, V, xpfl*a 6psraHa Bo3l4na, f,,W otnop
paAH, rexa je:
rcin Og ornop oA narn6a. Je4nocraeHocru

(1.3s)
K" =
rCnAf
raKo Aa jegHavr,rua (1'3) nocraje:

Ko'v2 (1.36)
Ro =
(1'35) n (1"36),
Cpe|uearseu jeguauuHe 3a 3aycTaBH[ nyr (1'34), ys xolu6uHosabe ca
ce BaBprllHt4 o6nr,rx je4xa'ruHe 3aycraBHol nyla, xoir rnacr:
noOtijt

vb v? -v:)
s: ZS$t'F+frt+sinOg) (1.37)

1.9.4 NPAKTHI{H14 3AYCTABHil NYT

je
Jegtocrasnuju xavux sa ogpefraeaue 3aycraBHor n),Ta, a AoBoIbHO ravaH, npaKrilqHu
3aycraBHu nyr. Ilona:ehil oA aHanH3e cnuxe 1.3 r sanetrlapyjyhu ornope 0A Ba3Ayxa,
KoTpjbar-ba, yHyTpaur-bt4x MoN'reHaTa u esuxacnocTH KOqeFba, cyMa cuna Ayx nOAyxHe
oce eosuna je:
0, = p74 (1.38)
f6 tW sin

,'
7-1/7/l,'ctir
/"!t lalt
7cy r / {
 '11
Ognoc Bo3una u nyra

je e6or l,lannx xaru6a Ha nyreBuMa sin 0g = tan 0g = G' a G npoqenar

xarlt6a
r,qe
m=Wg' y6psarue
,iln"^", ca 100. Axo je xoe+raqujeur rperua f u aexa!e Fb=f*l'1/u
t'loxe 6uru u3paxeHo:
fo I
" = -l# r7w xwcl)vnv a = *1t17 t c)1 (1.3s)

rAe 3HaK "-" ogHaqaaa ycnopaBarte' Ha ocitosy

3aKoHa $usuxe:

(1.40)
v| =vl +zoa

ycnopaBaFba (nparrusirra 3aycraBHu nyr) y r"rerprar"ra lm]'

/t noverHa
rge 1e d AyxhHa je'qna'lune (1'39) y
V, xpajrta 6psuna Bo3r'fla [m/s]' 3arr'leHou
6;;" "o.rn"
lmlsl,
jegHavrany (1.40), ,qo6uia ce:
a,
1rn- _ l:i (1.41)
" - zs(f tc)
AxoleVr=0(,qonasr,rAonornyHor3aycraBJbaFbaaosuna)'npaKrur'lHl43aycraBHilnylJe:
tr' a
)-
"-
| (1.42)
zg11 tc\
Ha ocHoBy eKcnepuMeHara npu saycraBJbaFby eosuna'
V
Koe$raqrajexr rpeFba je ogpefeH
'xoe$raqn,jeHru
ra6enu 1.4 cy npraxaaanra rpeFba xoju ce Kopl4cre npu npopaqyHy
npaKTtl\tHOr saycTaBHOr nyra.
uqHor ABHOI a [4]
Ta6e 1L t6

KoeSuqujexr flyxnua KoqeFba Ha

l-loqerna 6psuHa
rpena f oaBHoM nvrv fml
aosuna Ikm/hl
0.40 8.8
30
40 0.38 tb.b
0.35 28.1
50
U.JJ 42.9
60
70 0.31 oz.a
80 0.30 83.9
on 0.30 106.2
100 u.zv 135.6
110 0.28 170.0
120 0.28 ZUl,J
1.s.s i'';;xrro
i\''
nt ovroKv vot{ABAtbA/ pEAKtlHJE,og4*o ;@
clo
yoel4 14 peary1e Ha
V saycreuu nyr yna3H u BpeMe (ognocHo-4yxnna) norpe6no Aa Bo3aq
36or rora yx'ynnu 3aycraBHu nyr:
nporrt. y cabopataty u noqHe Aa Koqu' ie

ds=dp+d {1.43)

u pearyje Ha npoMeHe u
rge 1e d" yKynHu 3aycraBHu nYr, donrr roKoM Kora Bo3aq yoqaBa
noqIFbe Aa KOqil, a xoju je jegr+ax:
(1.44)
dO=V1 'tO
y cao6pahaiy u
rge je lo BpeMe y ceKryHAHMa norpe6Ho Aa Bo3aq pearyJe Ha npoMeHe
noqHe Aa Koqu, a d ie npaxru'lHu 3aycraBHu nyr'

Bpeue yoL{aBai-ba u pearoBaFba Bo3aqa ie $ynxqurja pa3Hux Hr4Hural-la' I.T.llfi

Kao cnoxeHocT cl4TyallHJe il
ros"*a, $usr/|vxy xoHguqraly, eMoL{t4oHaflHO CTaFbe,
14
roAuHe
cnpeMHocTsa6paop.a'o.a*..n-pe'arpr,rrepr,rjyn,tururaAvepuvxoryApyxeFbasajaene
;y;";; u rpaHcnopr (44SHTO) [5], onlarrraniro BpeMe yoqaBaFba u pearoaarra je 2.5
nopeleFba, npoceqHh Bo3aq yna3H y BpeMeHcK!4 HHrepBau og 1'0 'qo
1'5
.6*V*gt. Pa4r,,,
ceKyHAe,

JI!4TEPATVPA:

t1I J.J. Taborek, "Mechanics of Vehicle", Machine Design, 1957

l2l s.G. shadle L.H. Emery, H.K. Brewer, "Vehicle Braking, stability, and control",
SAE Transportations, vol.92, papper 830562' 1983.

l3l Wong, J.H. "Theory of Ground Vehicles"' New York, Wiley, 1978'

t4l Fred L. Mannering, Walter P. Kilaresky, "Principles of Highway and Traffic

Analysis", John Wiley % Sons, Second Edition, 1998.
"A
lsl ASSHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportatlon Officials),
poiicy on Geometric Design cf Highways and streets", washington, DC, 1994.
2
NPOJEKTOBAI.bE
NYTEBA

2.1 vBog
Tex naxox cxBaraFba
npojerroaarue nyreBa.
, avxuHa a3a
rpaKa,
, rpaKe 3a cnopa Bo9l4n? Ha o-[llrpl4M
rra expe-rrE -pa44iyc3t -r,t9po-4agH9r
oA
Har Lr a a B u ce u cill1 .-?9a1i
eneMe a
--9a-r1q? []-e!
3

"ffi
- -':_,
v6n?aRal*e,
V6psaaarue fi
-n
rMa AHpeKTaH-ltin-laii-xa-bApebueaFbe
YcnoPaBaFbe BO3[na
uenooaBaFbe
npertreAHoc'., a ca'uttnt" I.'.YI T.{vY:y lP^"Y:3';^ :l
=;;;;;;, paAFbe 6ea peueherua cao6pahajnor roxa' '[yxuna rpaKe
"pJtr,.ii*"
ouoryhune re
3a

;;;p" Bo3t4fla je, raxofe, 3aBucHocrl4

y oA KapaKreprcrfiKa reperHilx Bo3fi'na'

ca npqlte-raua,*4pa1'reprc-InK4 -9991lg,-i9y!!99-+?-j?1Tj Ao npoMei{a

KTHhx eneMeHara
,*t"daxt{tF-"*;nu, ny*, " " nyra 3aBHcHo oA Hl4Boa
nlrra- To sHaqt4 ga le-npojexroBaFbe erleMeHara
passrjenocril APYtLlrBa.
14 llPoiexroearte nyreBa
i
2.21,
\
ENEMEHTM NONPEqHOT NPOOI4JIA NYTA
w/ 0rlc
Ha cnnqu 2.1 je npraxa3aH nonpeqHra nposran nyrHor 3eMtbHujra xojn o6yxeara
cne4ehe efleMeHre npocropa: Tpyn nyra, 3eMtbullJre o6yxeaheno rpaHruaMa-.-..
rpaferua n setlruru:nr nojac.

:ia

E4
o'-6.
q t€
.a
I ^9
r:i?
===
?t:
tsr:il
f.i l-F
il l':i
:i r;

=s
av
+=

Srersxa crpyKrypa nyra

Cnr,txa 2.1. FlpocropHa n

l-1pra ras6opy eneMeHara nonpeqHor npo$rana nyra, npojeKraHr Mopa Aa

BoAl4
paqyHa Aa KBanfirer cao6pahaja (xanaqrarer) r 6ee6e4Hocr 3aB[ce oA
 15
Ilpoieffioeafte nTeea
nonpeqHor npo$rana, runa
'r" pacKpcHhqa (noapunncxe [nu-AeHneenucaue)'
cao6pahajnnlra je y nonpeqHoM
p",i" nv.r-r ceaxa
HaqnHa eofersa ,pu"" l-lonpe'rHr
npo$nny .qe6ranracani *o"o'*uq'ioru'' xoxcrpyrrfiBHHX eneMeHara'
ca npranagajyhn
npoQran, *"o n"p"rJruf ." je4e'srnracarue'cao6pahajHilLie
Ha cnnr[t Z'Z
KoHcrpyKrHBHilM eneMeHrrt"la
nprxa3aH t '
AITOfl)'rA A ' 28 y l{Fl"!6HHt1
HoPMAnsl4 nBnPEqHi4 nPool4tl

{Dgqividctrl
l: 4,1.",
--
t .'-
h = z,J- *
.
.,,?b*
/' ?-1' .-.- e, 'f
*4"4ri'{p:''{''nacryJlr= trJyi ....'-...--....,..--^^*-4-^-,.1-.4 -r'
f,"._ ,"',_ Sj _'- -tt-,-z --,.,i ;-" l-?_,* *'!*
r-- fr1-*- .}
nit'-
^, _?- _Ii -_._I- ls _- 1." J -*
n ;l+ ,.... t..,,-.-,,...r,,,-'tl *t'1=" -*-
.;.'v:'"-' '- '-,
*' -:"-" --'i?'r:5i;::::tr=;-
:t-=-:;ili {Zt-- 4'^
, i
- .-r:.i, -,,-.,i.':":',-
'
'r-;+il1';1;:'-=:=l::*:-*l'' = - .'
/ 57.
Zga;Sz
'r-r
oG 5L
..- ^ )" Cnuxa 2'2' flonpevnra npo$ran ayrol'rytE .,,. ..-rl -i r

Onrc crv6ona:
(lane - traffic lane)
Ts - rpaxe 3a KoHrl4HyanHy Boxl-by
Tz - saYcraeHa rPaKa (stoP lane) -, ti I t-'t
Ti, Ti' - raaraqHa rPaKa (edge lane)
b - 6asxnna (shoulder) t"i' :,'

r - praron (curb)
Sk - cerveurHu KaHar (ditch)
i@.o ycnoBa'
gecr je cnyvaj Aa ce, y 3aBncHocrn oA npf4poAe repeHa M xt4AponoujKl4xy3 l4Bl4qy
yMecro cerMeHTHOf KaHara Kopl4crH
pilron' xojra ce nocraB'ba
3aycTaBHe TpaKe'
ca
HeKn oA rr4ncKrx nonpeqHrx npo$nna
Ha cnuxatta 2'3a go 2'3r cy npfiKa3aHn
gruensujaua ceojrx KoHCrpyKrHBHhx eneMeHara'

,tr

'i-t

Cnura 2.3a.Tuncxu nonpeqHil npo$un ayronyra

16 llpojemoaarae nyreBa

t2r.5q

CnNrca 2.36.Tnncxu nonpeqHil npoQun ayronyra

|l,#l +, - 1,, #*{l* 1," | - {. [+

h,5
Cnuxa 2.3a.Tnncxu nonpecHH npo$nn ayronyra

evo
1. I pe4a (nyreeu xojr !-{e ngKyn ry_ rgp!_TaprJy

2. aBHe nyreBe ll perqa ( TE

er,rrue-lerlaoHa N perraoH ca MpexoM ApxaBHilx nyrena I peAa, nyreBil
 17
llooiexrosarbe nvreBa
KOJ14 iv sa Apxaey BOKHa THqKA H )a v1

rpa na3e ca BH14X

3. Onurn xolra nosesyjY no4PYvje ONlllTHHE

ocHo ABHHX N
t

ovc
I ra tl oeaa)
llpenra nonoxajy y npocropy jaeHu nYreer ce Aene na'
1. [Ugeg-ge4gggrba
2. llylgBe-Yjggglby
Kareropn ja jaeuor nYra y Hacejby, Mecro hberoBor nol{erKa (xpaja) r,|qe

npena3u y Mpexy
Ktttrrt nnanOu, a 3a
car hi
l,4cruv nfiaHoM ce
caApxaTh efieMeHTe_ KOnoBo3,
napK14paH)e, pacBe
e cTa3e qKe cTa3e h
HaceJ-beHoT Mecra.

JaaHov nYrY nPranagajY:

1. Tpyn nyra xg4

3I4AOBX 3a 3a[!Tl4Ty oA
o4 noepultancKHX H noA3eMHfiX

refi e eneliexrq KonQlgea lQglfU-ue,

xe ra cn.)
KflHcrt4qKe crase xoje npare KonoBo3 nyra
nyTHo 3eMIbl4l.llTg

npare
oKB14py
r!14phHe

2. BasAyluxu nPocrop H3HaA nVrH fa

3.--O6jexrra $yuxqr,roiranHnx nparehrl-g34P)Kal3 (6ase aa-oApli:3:-"
n@il=Fram-rbeHfr- crajan oApxaBerv, e!nel!9-Ia*u qe' I
r(oHrD onH e cran r ue. avro6yc ra n u:i a, u c n. ) il 3 rp at)eH-r-tra-nyTF0l

O6jexrra nparehrx capxaja sa norpe6e KopHcHrKa nYra

(lePgpanruUfa'
oa\49P4sf9, geneHe noe pu,lrne H qn'L
tr I-lpraxruyvqra Ha jaeun nyr rasrpatleHr Ha nyrHoM 3eMrb[lllTy
 TOBarbe nyTeBa

6. O6iexrn n onpeura- y.np3B^11:, 6es6egHocr u peryflHcaFbe

j1 '-
-
cao6p ah aj a (xo ra''e e pfinxanrreffn an s aq rai a c e eijioc n a
oniarin a' ra

TnrHanp1saqmja;
*;;#; - -U fra,-* i "@
pra e

ypGfaiu-sa
-Vlrets.a}l,.
lll4ralaU4jg il pacBera sa noipe6e cao6pahEja'
earagg4qvrjY cao6P-ata1a u cn';
ra oKonnHe (cnero6paHm'
7. O6jexrr,t H onpeMa 3a 3aulrl4Ty nyra, cao6pahaja
u urerHHX
eeipo6panra, 3aurr4ra oA ocynilHa' 3aurura og 6yxe Apyrfix
yrraqaja Ha oxonrriY u cn')

ce Kopt4cre y 3aKoHy' a caMMM rHM 14 y crpyLlt4'

6rrnu crpyLtHt4 repMnHr xoju
ge$uHrcaHu cY, raxofe, 3aKoHoM:
l4HA KOIV KAO
cao6pa
cBaKa raKo u3rPafena nnu
b-prcre cBV vnv
, noA ycnoBHM
il vqecHhqh
oFroM t4 ApyrHM nponhcHMa
t,il,
npornacH
cKnaAy ca Kpilre
nyreM cBaKo Moxe c
IaBHHM
HAqhH H

XABHYI nyr je KareroprcaH JaBHU nyr xojr noae

xou eqP9, 11c1144=.1y1e=-ea
,en4oHa ilnfi noBe3YJe 3a

ApxaBy BAXHA
ra-t rpaFM=qT{e

AKo y oKBI4py TaKtsot nyrHor

llylFlul nqee3HBaFba nYrJv [3rpa
lreocJvrpa-q Hule 'rv'
nyra je n rseroa 4eo
nyr BaH Hacetba, cacraBHil Aeo ApxaBHor

a v0
E TE H JaBH14 nyT KOJI4 noApyqje
NlltTHHCKYI
onuT14He, oAHocHo rparqa n noBe3yJe ONlUTN

6. HelkareroPncan e ceara cao6Pahajna noBPuluHa

xaieroprcaHa xao BH!4 nvT u Ha KOIOI ce
noA ycnoBhMa K cKnaAy ca nponhcfiMa o oe3oe
HA BNACHilK NNV
t

Ta,
llpojexroaatue nyreea 19

7 . 6y416lyg1asxa-er-aaa-1e4a6ee@
fipxaena
nhverue' cauo cao6pahq)dIUl fnlc-fa_n,xAM_le_-GHaqeH-npolil4caHoM
c@raiov. flpxaeua 6uquxnrcrNtxa Ro3vJ
cra3a
HAEoB-myj€-ee- He M pexy e Bpon cK!4x 6n4uxnuct uq Kr4x cra3a, no
e
LieHrpe
VNV apa n Ao noApy'lja t.teyserHqx nphpoAHi4x
3HAMEHHTOCTH
@"-.tfr4lcnftr
g?-biry-SJlxtaroi+anno-o51e,ry'+rue"op:*:T5{:y,e-qy*
l@ryee-T_-n-oeai?u:"ffice
OGe6AbeH 3a xH !4q t4 arqoBo rt.a
Bor__r4
notp"6e*gle1qql45a. l-paHuqe Hacerba yrBpby1y
e eAH ! l(!!I
3_a_ 3 BaFF 3aJ 4
npocropHuM
o4xocHo yp6aH[CrrlrhM nnaHoM 14 Ha nponHcaH HaqnH ce cnrHanl4ujy Ha
JaBHoM nyfy
g. hyr ,qeo jaenor
ean HaceJba je nyra nocraB,beH y cno6o4Hona npocropy
Lrtn
[3BaH FpaHHLla HaceJba
'10. Ilyr y naceruY je rba qne ce
nnvt
__ _yrB-phyJy_,. _ -npocropH14M
r4cTr4vKHM nnaHoM on
aBHl,tx nyreBa je nponhcrMa ypefenm nocrynaK
jegHosHa.lnor 4e$nHrcaFba Kareropuje r npocropHor nonoxaja rpace
nyTa il FbeHr4x AenoBa (xunouerapcKa H xeKToMerapcKa craqnoHaxa)
*b1, c" nphMeHoM ogroeapajyhfix 3HaKoBa cnFHatlhllle sa norpe6e
eolersa ean4exqnje, ynpaBlbaFba cao6pahajeu H nfreBrMa Kao il 3a
norpe6e KoPl4cHilKa nfleBa
12. Eeragenqraja o jaenum nyreBuMa je nponncuua ypelexn caApxa1
peneBaHTHl4XnoAaTaKaHnocTynaKFb!4XoBornprKynjbaFbaoAHocHo
o6HasrbaFba ea norpe6e ynpaBJbaFba nyreBfiMa ra cao6pahajeM Ha FbNMa
fiorsra crpoj nyra 'lilHe o6iexru hgrpaheHu y nphpoAl-loL'l -fr rny
13. (yceqn,
iwgryl *"slp-y c.[) .hfl d-!A-npug94Hl'1x - 3-e M rb- a H H x
--RaNIeffi
fi
r',larepralana (na94ry)--:gft!"r*--g*6fg.gr'1-!9|!gh-e-lH- - 9& i:ae-nnvnrux
@-:em:ep-B-g r,4p. I pes4
-tpglld[FdBFrua
;t aa oafrtpa]be rpirna nyra usrp.afeHor oA 3eMrbaHrx uarepnjana
c[_4ia
oA Aeu
uA I Pyn t Ytonvt^ ur
AecrpyKrl4BHHX rvJ equl Dvr ylaqaja
cnorbauhbHx J I v'HqJq (nornopHr
\r rv I I rvur D n o6noxnu 3nAOBH,
-=z:.
-J3.
/ l\saurrrarHe xoHcrpyxqraje n cn.)
I lq.l )l<onoBo3Ha KoHcrpyKquja ie eilLuecnoiHu xpyrh ul
\ / ciDoi
Y-- "@EFYy nVTa. -Fyxtl 4a
--ffirrnnrEr, na ovoryhn
rerEejeslls-I
noahonun
6es6e4Ho,
gvorYir J"9{9fl1o'^lyAooHo
r/nl u eKoHoMHL{Ho
dvo
Kpe#dEot-nil'l6rqrxnrcra ra neLuaxaf@iof xo-@@ne
,'
L" ran

r lglBI-gn1spqbqlg h
$aK'oPa cpeAhHe, Ha3r
I5. Konor o6aeJ-ba
epHV t nv il qHHe ra
B03He. .AO.AaTHe, hBHqHe
r"r rapoeaFbe (nptaHyAHSgaygigqjbalbglEo3Hna
tb. e-yOnr nojac nyra o6yxsar. 6aHxnHe (6"!y9,-p11pr9, xocrse. q,6o-Aue*
l<aF{ane-u-3errTrE-u__qEr[]rciac;:@-fi
-Ta3--_rp-gKy_gEag)J59f HKo
nocToj14
20 l-lpojexroearce nyreBa

17. Ilyrnra o6ierrr,r cy MocroBH (y rpyny nyra - noAnyrFbaqurf:q1?4 lyra -

HS4nyrxaqraf,-npoiiycrra, ryHenu, ranepuje, nornopxu ta o6noxxn
sHAoBH, 3nrqoBu 3a 3auJTl4ry o,q 6yxe r cn.
18. [qrurylgf-Je.--991e[9]-r43HaA. jaanor nrra xojnv ce pa3peuaBa
yKFurTar-be y Ata Hrasoa ca ApyrHM ny-eM, Apyit4M nH$pacrpyxrypHr4M
jffienroM nnra Xdlte3HfiL{oM*ffiA Koie ce oBaKaB o6jexar Ha3r4Ba
norqaoxruax
19. h-oCnyfFaxJq--o6jexar ucnoA jaauor nyra xojuv-ee ?a3peruaBa
ykpu:rarue y ABa HhBoa ca ApyruM nyreM, ApyrrM unQpacrpyxrypHt4M
chcTeMoM nnH xene3HhqoM xo4 xoje ce oBaKaB o6jerar Ha3uBa
Hafi66xruax
20. O6jexrn, nocrpojersa n ypefaju 3a oABoghbaBaFba cnyxe 3a
cKynrbahbe, o4eoserse nlnnu npeycMepaBal-be noBp[!t4HcKl4x,
npra6pexnnx il noA3eMHhx BoAa y qrJby 3aLurr4re jaaxor nyra oA
Fbr4xoBor gejcrsa nnv 3a 3aurilry cyceAa jaenor nyra u peqr,lnujenara o4
u:TerHor gejcrea BoAa ca nYTa
21 . l'lparefira ca,qpxajr,r jaerior nyra noApasyrvreeajy noBptlHHe, o6jexre,
nocrpojersa ra ypefaje HaMeFbeHe eQrxacnot,t ynpaBtbaFby nyTeBHMa fi
cao6pahajev ($yxxqraonanHx ca4pxajn) xao H 3a npyxaFbe ycnyra
KopHcHt4t-ll4Ma nyra (nparehra cagpxajra ea norpe6e xopncnrxa).
oynxqraoHannr ca4pxaju o6yxaarajy noBpmhHe, o6jexre, nocrpojersa n
ypefaje y oKBHpy 6asa ga oApxaBaFbe n)'ra' HanJlary nyraprHe,
KoHTponHux craHxlla, qeHTapa ynpaBtbaFba cao6pahajeu u ciTt4qHo'
cagpxajra sa norpe6e xopucnrara nyra noApaeyveaajy noBpul4He n { !--
o6jexre (napxrapanraura, oAMopt4ulra, 3eneHe noBpulilHe n cnrqHo) ca v
nnv 6es rpafeeilHa 3a ycnyxHe AenarHocrn (n,lorenn, pecropaHil,
cepBro4, craHhqe 3a ropxBo, npoAaBHhqe, cagpxajra percpeaqraje n cn')
22. Ayrobyc ro crai en Hurq j eiqce6rg-!qrpq!91-a y psaave na cao6pafi aj H a
t4nt4 npKlbnlQHa-ig !!o-nq-qQg' -.K=o-ia Je
loepuraHa v3--xonoBos--flry'Ta Bo3l4ra JaBHor npeBosa
@3a*savcraBrbalbe
NVTH14KA
ZS. fpaifl\ae rpaferua cy KoHrr4HyanHe nrunje yHyrap xojrax ce il3BoAe cBu
rpafeenncxu 3axBarn y oKBt4py jaaHor nyra
24. 3eulururnu noiac je KoHrt4HyanHa nOBpuHHa Ca O6e crpaHe nyTa
r.ur4p[He Hajuarue 1 verap MepeHo Ha cnorbHy crpaHy oA rpaHilqe
rpaf erua
25. Flyrno 3eMrbuure o6yxaara noBpult4Hy xojy saysrari,tajy: rpyn nyra'
pacKpcH!4qe, nparehr cagpxajr r cnr4qHo, oAHocHo, 3eMrbl4ulre
o6yxsaheto rpaH h rpaf erua u 3eMrbfi u H r4rr,t nojace eu tula
L{aMa
26. [loiac excnponprjaqnje o6yxaara nyTHo 3eMrbh[Jre, Kao I seMJ-bHUre
HaMeFbeHo sa n3rpaAFby hnfi peKoHcrpyrqrajy ApyrHX o6jexara ,qa 6N ce
o6es6e,qiana Synxqraja y npocropy tniu je nopevehaj y3poKoBaH
nsrpaAFboM finu peKoHcrpyKL{l4loM JaBHor nyTa
27. je-noapunHa 1q yxpurrajy rany cnajajir cao6pahajnn
Pg
-r5pcxuqa ryjoj ce
roKoB,r4 ABa vnL4 enue jaaHnx riyreea-ranr,r urpa cdo6pahajna noBplllHHa
(rpr u cnnvHo) cd raCtor',r cao"6pahajnov Qyxxqrajov [oja nacraje
yKpuJTaFbeM rnta cnajaruev jaexnx nyreBa
 21
llpojexroaarae n|reaa
cao6pahajHa Be3a
28. flpnxruyuax je 4eo jaanor nyra xojNtvt ce o6es6efyje
KoMnneKca u o6je1911.,y'
ca HeKareropilcaHrM nyreM Hnr nprna3 Ao
H3rpagFbe H llhpeM noApyq1y
3aulrtirHoM nojacy, nojacy KoHrponl4caHe
jaeHor nYra
jaeuor nyra je Mecro yKpulraba nyra H xere3Hfil-le
y ucroM
29. YrPurai y pa3nrl{l4rl4M
HhBOy Hnu ca apyrrt ranQpacipyxrypHl4M ct4creMr4Ma
H14BO14Ma
30. t4n QpacrpylffyPl!__ crcreMh
c-ltlT_eq! o6yx,qar4Y--TfaHalqPlne, (pesnu'
---ee
li#&o}-ti;,^ffittt€-"-"-"*tti6iv.aiv:e-snc:eu'elerte-Qgeoarue
cua6,qeeaHre racoM' npeHoc t4
;;;#*#-"ffis- raarbraHCxo rpeiarue,
lieGd;-GiA;;pi,^"';H*.T,?it1';:?;3f #;li'):u6es6e4Ho
31.
.'"
H"T;*#;" lii ;apa -o''iri
-x-ggyffi y5;:
-66ca-5-ffi o6a
ffi";ffi #t;;";;;;"p"au"*'i npojexrHe
#e4"oc'n v 6psraHe

32. il?ff :)T|"1r,"o"o", Ha pacKpcH nya (vxp-Luraj' lpraSmv'rq4-'r4 -'c! )

Ha yKpcHilM npaBqrMa
ogpefyje ce 13 ycnoaqgaitb-t 9-49'.1asa Cao6pahaja nvx n 3a
v n aln Py.-C
;i;# ; " p e n e n qltri gl-nperneRnocla
-
xo. r -rn :e-xniu -o"l
x p,gf
pacxpCnilqJ roja I'aopa-- 6vrv
xbuCrpyxqrajy 3oHe
ocno6oleuacBhXnpenpexaxojena6nnorojuHasrHMoryyrpo3HTl4
6es6e,qno orqanjarue cao6Pahaj a
ranra ypelaja na
2Q Cyceg je enacnnx rnu KopHcHl4K 3eMrbuulra ra o6jexara ca nyrHl'M
aJ"*rt tv xoje ce Hajvarue jegxov crpaHfiqoM rpaHni{H

I y' 3eMrbhureM
V34.3aurrarrrranojacjecreKoHTl4HyanHanoBptlll4Hay3cnoIbHyl4Bl4qy3aurilry nyra
lraja je unpnHa ogpefena 3aKoHoM H cnyxr 3a
KonoBo3a
n cao6Pahaja Ha FbeMY
y3 cnoJbHy
35. Ilolac xoniponHcaHe tr3rpaAlbe je xoHrrHyanHa noBptlll4Ha
rpaHnqy 3aurfiTHor nojaca y xojev ce'
y qilrby 3aurrre nyra H
cao6pahaja Ha FbeMy, orpaHrqaBa'apcra r o6l4M usrpa4hbe o6jexara;
oeaj nojac je hcre [Ill4pl4He Kao u 3aulrt4THu nojac
4r
/36lCao6pahajrracHrHanH3al.l4ao6yxeqragpeAcTBaraype|ajexojuuace
\-,/ o6e36"tyiti lpgteJqg,- (9[Ip9L4' 1 eo5erue cao6pahajunx roK:B:v otlo
- *" xonoeosy, .i?6q"1q:.i ca cranHI4M
u. Voa=;;"*u"u*" .ugp*i1"!,--qeeueq1a g[ri]f.lsiuuia _::1'r" u cnuvHo) ca
npo""",lr'J""t-
npoi"*t.qqa;ol pe.Xtu-e.. EiillaFb-ar eao6p"!"1L^ - ^ .
zn HnIbeM ocreape#d" 3a Br3yenHo h
f37. )Cao6p"tui*at onpena'oOyieira cpe4Ciea { YPebale
tZ.;:@J
u
caoF.p-ahzla-ra.
crarypnocie orRiRE' ornen-ana
'ner"rv-
q3ry1
(saepoKa3r'
MapKeph' Kyne'
Ono
Slteeawwa€ en') -
Luranoet4 3eeFer ta

38. n*td_n;r.*.'aO.G_'ut"'. tgne{oMyHr4 Kaqr4o-He il ereKrpxtr ire ypef aje

y pe$aj e sa
H e 6es!,e49y-94grye[y q ao6 p 9! ag.- cra-l{r4 oH ap H e3a KoHrpony
aM e Fbe H
cao6pahaja' ypefaje
npafierue, KolTpony p"ryn""arue
' ia gaj.bra H cxo o 6ae e ul taBaFbe il yn o3o paBal-be'
.r"*ra x-on *o.'u ; v-patuj
rJ "
*11naiy nytap'aH?, BeHrilnaL{roHe n cnrypHocHe
yryntetirar,,ra, o6jene v- ypefiaje ea sarir14ly, nyrl
"offivp4fr
ypE5-ap "u' v nyrHor
 nPoi"ryonatg nY9!3-
22

cao6pihala- I?9 ,I o6jexre ra yqela;9 3q 3aurhry HenocpeAHor

o[PY]I9!rB nYra-
nphMeHy 1oc,e6Hnx Mepa v
39. Ynpaan'arse caoOpataleru o6yxaara
ra eofer'sa cao6pahaja Ha Mpexh
aKrr4BHocrr4 npaherua, KoHTpone
nore3a ca LlurbeM o6es6efei-ua
nyreBa Ann AyY' noje4NuavHor nyrHor
3aXTeBaHorH14Boae$rxacuocruu6ee6eguocrracao6pahajaV
rdrl,T""tJJ """"IfJ"*"i" xa
noApa3yMeBa nornyHr4 npelr4 clo6pahaja
40. qeMy ce Mopa o6aaecrurh jaaHocr r na
nyry cBt4x epcra eoirana o '
cao6pahaja rpaje gox nocro1e
nDon!4caH nncarv O6ycraea
Pa3no3il sa"u*,l-'*t"*"
Yeoferue oBaKBe MePe
sa6paxy KperaFba noje4rHnx
. Orpaxuverue cao6pahaia nogpasyrireea ogpefeHy
AeoHI4qy nyra ilnr
41
Bpcra Bo3uflu *p'"ory'6urvt uLrerua
ea
pa3flo3l4 xoira ce oAHoce Ha 3aurfiTy
nyrnra o6jex aI vlnvl aKo ro saxreaajy
FbeMv' o oeoj Mepu ce Mopa
;i;; ;-'6".0"g*oti ""oopanan'-1a HaqilH
o6asecrilrl4 JaBHocr il Ha nponncaH
il3Bplu1r.l-^gr4rHanncaFbe'
rpaii nocroie pa3no3H aa yeoferue oBaKBe
Orpaxnrerue 4ox
"uoOput'uiu
xoia carua nnra saje,qno ca
42. H:l?"O"' npeBo3 je npeaoe Bo3nnrMa
ToBapoM np"*opu"Viy 6rano xojra
oA nponncnMa Ao3BorbeHHx eneMeHara
yKynHa t"p*"lflyfT1'nr ancrna)'
(ocoauucxo ont"p"h-"'"e,
Baupe,qnuna npeBo3oM cMarpa ce
sajegHo ca roBapoM y
u"u"u'
npeBo3 KoA Kora je sosnno caMo
rpaHilqaMa nponilcoM Ao3BorbeHl4x Mepa'
orpanilqeFbe 6nno xor oA
nnta
Mace
oBHX
L"
hn!4 onrepeheFba,'jeann npeKopavyje ogpefeHo
efleMeHara *oie *" jaeHov riyry FberoBoM
'n' 'qeny
cao6PahajnoM cl4rHanh3allu1oM
43.flpexomepxoxopuu,nerue.jaenornyTahnHFbeFoBorAenanpeAcTaBrba
yveuhe '-y cBI4M
Bilule oA SO-nocrorno nprBpeMeHo vnv rpajno je o6aerbaFba
t43apueHhM np""ot'"" po6e rtat"t
nyreM' roje nocneAilL{a
paAOBa HnH npHpoAe npoH3BoAibe finil
ycnyxHe
ilHBecrnq!4oH}4x .

vqeruhe npeBo3a ce yraplyje y npoceqHoM

AenarHocrt4yu".,'caxojot"tceBp[!enpeBo3l4(excnloaraqujaxauena'
M!4Hepana no
' "n""*oi
.og*t"t cao6pahajy reperHux Bo3l4ra onrepeherua
AHeBHoM
ocoBHH14eeteroglO0KN,ulro-cerlBpbyje.Hair',larue_l.erBopocrpyKlrM
npeKoMepHor
6pojarseru caoOpit'a1a Ha raseopHoi-qran'noj je
.noxaqrajra
nnu $nenuxo
Kopl4cHI4Ka nyra'
np"xoMepHI4 xoprncr'*x nyra npaBHo
nrqexojeBp[xl4HHBecTrqhoHepaAoBeHnfiAenaTHocTl4l43npeTxoAHor
CTABA
44. Ogpxaaan e nyra jecre npoqec oq{yBaba H 3aurl4re FberoBux
xapaxrepucrnKa y craFby I'llro Je
QynxqraoHanHHx-t4 KoHcrpyKrt4BHl4x
je 6rano y rpeHyrKy FberoBe r3rpaAbe nnH
vroryhe .nr*,.r1"" ttutoy it61" rpotuKoBa
pexoHcrpyxqrale ca qfiIbeM ruraHrarvrr,teaqNie VKYnHux
eKcnnoaTai]rnle,caoopanajHrxnesro4arayrraqajaHa)KhBoTHycpeAilHyy3
ynoxeHHX CpeAcraBa 3a oApxaBaFbe nyra
MI4Ht4MyM
Mepe . 3a 3aulrl4Ty nyra t
45. 3au:rrra nyra o6yxaara Heonxo'qHe
Ce peantasyjy xpos orpaHhqaBaFbe
6es6e4nocr Kopl4cHhKa nyra KoJe
nyrnor"r 3eMJbl4tr:ry' 3aLurt4THoM nojacy
n
Aony[lreHhx ,*i"p""*'1"ja y
 23
llpojexroeabe n|reaa
nojacy KoHTponrcaHe il3rpa1qFbe, oAHocHo' KoHTpofiy il perynilcaFbe

YqecHI4Ka -nyt"ti
Y cao6PahajY
46. Kopuurfieru" o6yxaara e$nxacno' 6es6e4no ra y'qo6no
ogerjarue cao6fahaja, Kao 14 Apyre aKrrBHocru y oKBl'1py nirrHor
3eMrbl4uJTa carnacHo 3aKoHy
47. p"a"oi nyreBa o6yxeara rexHr4qKe, eKoHoMcKe' $uxanculcxe'
Mpexe
opraxrasaqraone 4pyie aKT[BHocrt4 y quJby ynanpeferua nyrHe
ra
y
rnu nojeguHaqHxx nyrHt4x nore3a norneAy Kanal{hrera' KBanl4Tera'
6es6egHocrra cao6pahaja u xhBorHe cpeAnHe
aKTHBHocTH KoJrMa ce
48. Ynpaaruarue nyreBrma jecre cxyn Mepa 14
o6es6elyje paL{[oHanHo oApxaBaFbe' 3aurhra, xoprulerue
n paeaoj
jaeuux nyreBa ra cao6pahaja Ha Fb[Ma
npaBa n
49. konq"cr;" noApa3yMeBa pa3He o6nnxe npeHoureFba o4pefenux
oou"i.u'sa ge6tanrcaHh BpeMeHcKu nepqoA y AoMeHy r3rpaAFbe'
jaannu nyreM' 4otrlahev rnn
xopnu:herua, oApxaBaFba ilflt,1 ynpaBrbaFba
crpaHoM npaBHoM unn $usnrxoM nuqy oA crpaHe HaAnexHol ApxaBHor
opraHa, 3aKfbyrleFbeM yloBopa ,.^ia
50. l4arpagrua nyra lecie cryn Mepa r aKrl4BHocrt4
xoje n6rrv
o6yxaaraly:
nperxoAHe paAoBe, H3paAy n KoHrpony uHBecrnquoHe h TexHuqKe
e
gl*vt&tu,ltaje,' rpaherue, crpyq Ht4 Harq3op 14 Apyre 3aKoHoM npe'qanf e H

o6aiese 3a nyrxraFbe nyra y cao6pahaj

51. PexoHcrpyrfirja nyra jecre cryn Mepa aKruBHocrl4 na nocrojehen
h
nyry xojtava ce yxanpefyje xrBorHa cpeA!4Ha' AYfM?1?n"* v
xbncrpyxrueHe KapaKrepilcrhKe nyra y qenhHI4 hnh FberoBnx
no1eAuHt4x

eiteMeHara nnr o6jexara

Kargropr43alinje
52. 64ec-n4!r.rallui.a: rlylqEe-ngaPqqylleP3 qarby- gqap4aY
ju"l1l no
tE6[u]reaue---s&r19l4,--o-gno*ro -nonenV .,...ly-u"u
Teononr4THqKOrra, synrr]raoHanHou n TexHrqKor'r xprrepujyMy car'-nacHo
.na*"iy r *frlkUuirlqn-a,y-nyrHoj vpexll M ronorpaSrjr repeHa jaeHor
BpeAHocr
53. Ynorpe6na BpegHocr nyra noApa3yMeBa caAauJFby
nyra, Kao LienoBt4Tor [HBecrnLll4oHor o6jexra, c o6srpov Ha creneH
L-/ ovyBaHocr14 Fbe roBr4x npoje xroeaH fi x KapaKTepAcr nKa
nponnce'
54. TexHltqxa perynarnBa o6yxaara craHAapAe, rexH14qKexojnua
rexHuqKa ynyrcrBa il TexHHqKe ycnoBe (cneqra$raxaqraje) ce
jeguosnauno geQranraury peneBaHrH14 napaMerpH 3a paL{uoHanHo vl
KBanurerHo nraHHpaFbe, npojerroearue, rpaferue' oApxaBaFbe'
xoprtuherte u ynpaBtbahbe nyreBnMa

2.3 ocoBt4HA nvTA v oHTyAI{HOHOM nnAHv

Kpnrnvnu ycnoB KoHcrpyhcaFba ocoBHHe y xopl43oHrann
je rpyxHa KphBrHa'
qhlb npoMeHe npaBl1a je aesan sa
Ona noeesyje 4aa ,a*reHr*a npaBL{a' l-naaHh
caBnana o,qpefeny Kpl4Bl4Hy' a
uoryhHocr'so3rna Aa nph ogroaapajyioj 6psranra
He h3neru ca nyra. 36or rora, KpHBtaHe rpe6a npojexroaarfi npeMa
KapaKreptlcrr4KaMa MepoAaBHor Bo3r4na, xoje oHo nocegyje y Kpl4B14Hl'1'
Teoprajcrra npilcryn rnM napaMerphMa cy Aanil Kena6en
(campbell 197$ l2l, u

Bonr flffong 1978) [3].

24 llpojexroearce

n.1 ( ;;rnr=rr, * KPHBI4HE tJ./ 0vo

Ha cnwy-n je npraxasaHa Arcno3nqhja cnna xoje 4enyjy Ha Bo3qfio AoK Je oHo
y Kpr4BHHr4.

--r._-=--rl,---*+
I

Cnura 2.4. pucnozuqraja crna xoje 4enyjy Ha Bo3rno y Kpl4Bl4Hl4

H e*sltuqr*q9-gtgr4 A?J9- d Ylgg*lgra !q-[9 19 F:'$'-ry eltepeh e&q

ga-qqguglv
!!Lrirlf'4g), i€-pgEgH IP,eJglbae93UIa,
e-rila-paBHr KperaFba B-oPIIa' Ff^9!!3
60'{ Hor rpre t-ba (tfeHrpnneralua-eU1a_}f-py1auS!_Fc qeurpnneransa ctla
(nocne4raqa npoh3BoAa Mace Bo3ufia r y6psarua, y r-uyrnrar'rra) F2p-Kgnoqe-lra
q" rrenHs--BaE!-r-r,r
'
llt)grEtioa,-fcz-rgMn9He-Ir?
pdesu Kpera u a--Bu a'g4yjy c

.--
OcHoeHa je,qxavraHa crna xoje Aenyjy Ha Bo3r4no y xopl43oHranHoj xpnerHr je:
Wo+Fr:F", (2.1)
'--.--
Florrlohy nojuoea eneMeHrapHe Susnxe, oeale,quavraHa ce MoXe Hanuparl4 h Ha
cne,qehn Har{14H:

F, =f,(W, 1F",,) (2.2)

finr y oTBopeHot'r o6nrxy:

rv
/7,' rrn o" r fr(acosa +
Kr
ot =ff"oro (2.3)
(
g rpa1tTa\l4oHa KoHcrauta, Vr pal{yHcKa
rge je /r xoe$yrqrajeHr 6o.{xor rpeFba,
6psrana Bo3hna y MerpHMa y ceKyHAl4. Axo ce o6e crpaHe je4HarrHe 2.3 nogene
ca lU*cos a, po6nje ce'.

t/
u L,
\9
 ',2 (2.4)
-
tgcL+ fr =!?(-f,'rgc-\
gK,

f}e je tg a nonpeqHu Harh6 KonoBo3a, Kojt4 ce u3 npaKTrL{Ht4X pa3nora o3HaqaBa

je
cd ipt^ a H3pa)KaBa y npol{eHrrMa. !43 HaBeAeHHX jegHavrHa cneAn Aa
nonynpeqHrK Kpl4BilHe JeAHaK:

v? V: (2.5)
D-'=
"'' - B '17, +iot<\ 127.(f,. +ipp)

rAe ce paqyHcKa 66*yt yyocra@car, a Ao6iljeHu

(27 - e.807 - nocneArqa
nonynpgwrai n4p11"rpn";:n. =_(Ll_(10O0t3600)2)
n pbi e apa Fbu Ii mnum6 il * ox e rua ca r pa B rall oH M y6 p3ahbeM ).
r,,t H t4 14

2.3.2 EI{EME FITM XOPt4SOt{TArn HE KFI4B t4 H E \--

xHa KpHBxHa)
npenasHil .qeo (Hajqeuhe [4eIeh43). En9v95rr-IgyI!91 Aena-xopr43oH

€ryI9jr: r-l
tdt
-raHreHra -T=R lc* ,6ncexrpnca- B=R 'llrlsec--l I

l---z -J
R'Ir-a
- AYTf KlvxHor_nlKu t, = g0,
t
,.;
- nonoxaj raqKe na rpyxHoj KprBnHil -
2 iC7: )
! = R - -.x
rge jex KoopAHHara raqKe Ha TaHreHrHoM r'lpaBqy noqeB oA noilerKa KpyxHe
*pr"r*". PC je nouetaK KpyxHe KpYlBttHe, PTle xpa1. KpyxHe KpHBHHe, a R ie ,q _i r ia'- ,l
nofynpeqHHK KpyxHe KpHBilHe. Ha cnrqn 2.5 cy npfiKa3aHu KoHCTpyKrtlBHl4
eneMeHTH KpyxHe Kpl4BHHe. 1 ;.

y o63t4p jegHavraHy (2.5), y ra6enh 2.1 cy npilKa3aHil MI4HI4ManHn ,,( "'

Vsravajyfira
pagrjyCn xopr43oHranHe KprBHHe 3a max ip = 7ok h max fr y saencnocru oA
6psnue,
f a6ena2.1 KoeSuqrajeHrH rpeFba u Mr4HraMarHr pa'qrjycu KpyxHe KpfiBHHe
60 70 80 90 100 110 120
V [km/hl 40 50
i 0.44 0.41 0.38 0.36 0.34 o.32 0.30 0.29 a.28
0.22 u. tv ai7 U. IJ 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08
min R* qn 80 120 180 250 350 450 600 750
Iml
' Cnyx6enu nracr CQPJ, 26.06.1981'
.* BpeAnocru ga min R cy 3aoKp)r(eHe Ha qenhx 5' oAHocHo 10 m
/o W

lJi
;'-, -i _
.. ,i
.l
\t'
!:

Cnrxa 2.5. KoncrpyKrrBHt4 eneMeHril KpyxHe KpuBhHe

xene3HilL{aMa a ce nocraBj-ba y xopl43oHra4lL KpHBl4Hy

nogntl npeqq4jtl-rrr€ roqeu94lvlllglryI{4E,Q{r-e--q@Lu--9lIlf-pvxrcl
^!
nyfa'
-.,t,^
.

a FbeHta eneMeH
lqgjpaBqa. -
napgyg]g!-I!9r9!aq-i-4=* R' v L t ns R, Avxrana xnoron4e - /,
!.-= 994-s-t'
J

cKperHh yrao (yrao orxnoHa) t = + = ;t =

L.A Z.A2'

Ener.resrn sa o,qpefrsaFbe raqaKa Knorot4Ae " x" v " y''. Mory Aa ce raapavyuajy
Ha

cne4ehir HaqfiH:
o
L4 LU
.-- r-t'\_--l
\ ... +...) fi
^-! g * 16 * 4r*78
s+4*Z\*A4
L'
v = L.,
t-- \U*"2= - 1u^.,-, . 11+32*5!*-4 ... + '..)
7*B+31*,46 --!-----tt-
Knorou,qa, Kao KoHcTpyKTHBHl4 eneMeHT Xcp!43oHTanHe KpilBrHe' cnyxfi
3a
y6naxaaarue 6oqHux crna xoje Aenyiy Ha Bo3t4tlo nph npenacKy ca npaBqa Ha

KpyXHH J-tyK Kpt4BHHe, rj. Sa nOCTynHO nOAeharue r4t'll4 CMai-beFbe 6O'{HI4X CHna npfi
 nyKa KprBHHe il 3a nonpaBJbaFbe
yjlacKy l4nil n3nacKy Bo3ilna '13 KpyxHor
npaBaq-Kpyr'
i"p"nLntruHe cnuKe KoHraKra
KnorohAe' rj' npenasuol Aena KphBfiHe'
Ha cnr,lqu 2.6 cy npraxa3aHl4 eneMeHrr

l-
I
I

l->
I

napaMerpt4
Cnraxa 2'6 Knorora.qa H rreHh reotuerpurjcxu

n PHHt{l4nI4 BI4TOnEPEI'bA
KOnoBo3A
2.3.2.1
Je unrq.*iia###"
tsilronepeFbe je6raraHKoHgIPvggg=L.o,?31lPJ;5,r?f
Bnroneperue
I o je
Kpl4Bt/He. To oop I ar
Je o6pra
a-mexe oA'nranr,rja]t-tHiTJ"Xi?tTS#ff
- r4gr4ejre r4nh ocoBrHe'
Kpr4Bt/He" 2., ^^,a,,i6n xoir je
nirra6 xojyr ie o,qpefeH
oApebeF
.' ncnp"u" n adru6
iao' nAnnouuu,r
-inVLr* niienas-nrpar*ne-rga6vreegtl r^,,a,,Ho KorA ce Kopl4cru 3a

li, JJ;,ffi
vrsSopil cavolbxeuPY
"-npgflasnoJ
rarqq "e' *1y* :T:?1T:*
npena3Ha pavf g Le- t,H:
#"Ji"
paAt4
yqtra
oKo
virrvl J9ate[g_]lg:ffino"o"u.
v1IIV1
Ko^ ayronyreBa nM nyt"_:1 M
yHyrpauFbe l,1Bt4llenJ ^"^"
aca'
nojaca,
Br4 qa pa3AenHor nor
[:[?Xffi "'ilff u"on"p**"6 ::
^a nrnLr oKo
ffl"::""
r4Bt4ua
14

"" nnu ocoBuHa KonoBo3a'

ffi?;;i,]** r"rqu";:;
.
KonoBo3a
oA KapaKrepficrhqHl4x HaqrHa
Ha cnuxal,la 2.7a,2'76 n 2'7qcy npfiKa3aHn HeKil
BhronepeFba KonoBo3a'
o ylyTPqLUPe
nprKas
Ha cnrqn 2.7a je
ilB!4ueKofioBo3?:To-j'e-J_H9'xravnpojexrffite[Hocraenr1n
nyry, s6or orpaunserua xoia nocraBtba
ldffil#ffidr'onPona3r
f,uoip""*oM
nyr'
oKonHHa xPos rojY
 Baprjaura'1
KpyxHu nYx 2

Ta.{xa
raH$nercuje

I
KpyxHu nYx 1

ro
I
I

Cnnxa i]aBwonepFbe oKo yHyrpauJFbe 14Bl4L{e ABorpaqHor n;rra

ie ce BoAl4
rc-a e"

hnil yHyrpauFbt4x lBl4l.l? -q-B-157

".-..'.*.*--."--*-_'"..
Baprajaura 2
Kpyxxra nyx 2

e-= -2.5'/o
ea+2.5o/o

KpyxHH nyK 1

e;-2.5"k - "-('

Cnrxa 216BwonepePbe KonoBo3a Ha ayronyry

Ha cnraqr 2.7u, ie nphKa3aHa aapnjaxra BfironepeFba ABorpaqHor nyra
ocoBI4He Tpace.
 29
llpojexroaafte nYreBa

Cnnxa 2.7q BiaronepeFbe ABorpaqHor nyra oKo ocoBHHe KonoBo3a

2'3"3yTHqAJ3AycTAtsHEnPErnErqHocTl4ynPoJEKToBAl.by
XOPI430HTAJIHE KP14BHHE
n pern eAH ocru y
e.qHocraen ra,lu:a'UU-9a-9AP9bra e-ahbe 6o'rHe
l/
H ai i
jqAHaqraiar'ra.
lpu: l 1 f
np;i*u."" cn6n^-t'uq Fixrana 9gy,cr3E!qt-!yIelll!PJ-x-Hol\4-nyg,l9t -
. it.G.Ru (2.6)
LaD =-
1900

r,qe Je:

Rv - nonynpeqHnK KpyxHe xpraerane [ml

c(- cKpeTH[ yrao y cTeneHilMa
Lrr - ,qyxrna KPYXHoT nYxa [m]
' lt1U
^^O 'L7D
Axo rspaonr'ro je,qnavnuy (2.6) npeKo n raKc h3paxeHo G
"=fr
3aMeHHMo y jegnavrnra bp = Rr '(1 -cosll , no6rajar'/1o o4crojarse rerHBe Kpyra
no KoMe ce xpehe Bo3r4no, oAHocHo 6ovny nperneAHocr y Kpl4Bl4Hl4

- = R,, . tl' - . fierarunrajr,l npilcryn oBoM KoHcrpyKrl4BHoM

b
"orj-!Zr,
fi'Rt
Ha nou:roBaFbe BpeMeHa yoqaBaba r pearoBaFba Bo3aqa
Ha
eneMeHry ynyhyje
"cabOiat'ajy.
Ta,qa saycraBHa nperneAHocr 6hBa h3paxeHa npeKo:
npoMeHy y
 J)
{ -..n
"vo'1"
t -a-o\ ?t'
^;A4
flpojexroaarae nYreBa j
C' . "'-,..., -tI
jy ,,, r, ;:#,r' t' $:-", n, ,9t**t'!'*,.* 1i

!- + L,L- \'\u' (2.7) r''"r''

- no4yxnn narr6'
ffi6,.1;jAt tJ-."-"*i"nHor rpehba , ry - ornop- KorptbaFby' 6pasMaK E^arrnt
Bo3nna nn
oA
vl - ornop oA Ba3Ayxa (saneruapyie ce), AL crrypHocHu
^r/

np"np"*" 1S-tO m; fi l,- BpeMe pearoBaFba sosaua [s]'

nonaohy il3pa3a:
Taga 6ovHa nperneAHocr 6raa H3paxeHa
P:^ B (2'8)
r', =
ffiti-rsl
r4e je:
P., - eaxteaaHa nperneAnocr [m]
R - norynpeqHfiK KphBHHe y rojoj ce Bo3hno nanasra [m]
b, - 6o.rHa nPerne4r'rocr [m]
B - unpmHa xonoeosa [m]

Pzp I Pzo

Cnrxa 2.7 fincnoanqraja 6orHe nperneAHocrr

2.4 v3A)?l(H1,4 nPoo*n c d0

Vsgyxnra npo$r,rn cnyxu ea 4e$rarucatbe raLlaKa Ayx nyra y Bep-1'411:1?
nyra cnyxtr-3a
pi-!'i', 'grai,i*.&f-mnoNaf-r-aqAm-td nonrtd.{Hor"npoQrana- yKnaFbaFba
fl4oreMa BoAe
d4pe5raaarue H npaBHnHO nOCTaBJ-baFbe ApeHOKHOT
H3 rpyna nyra H oKonHnx noBptunHa xoje cnagajy noA nyrHo 3eMrbuure'
j-e gq$ra4racaise npena3a r'rsuef y gea
ocHoaF{H g-qfleIaK--.y.3aJaunna npd-Qrana
i ce. pr M Kp H a'
rTo ayxH a H6ira oa- r Irp 9.{l-e Q [!.9-fy.4r4tll-y,
B e
!-Tqn
H i4 B-14
! ?M
2.4.1 nPilHqhnn BEPTHKAnHHX KPl4Bl4HA
l-locrojr,t npilKa3aHu npenoMh
uecr o6nnxa npenoMa saru6a. Ha cnrqu 2'8 cy
HuBeflere Ha Bpxy ycnoHa il y AHy AonHHe, AoK cy Ha cnuqu 2'8a npnxasauu
npenoMH HhBeneTe no naA[H14.

HU\

1.,.*.
I i,
"-L. :"
'lJ
ltl E!
--.-.J
9u t\

Cnnxa 2.8. llpenonah ca ouJTpl4M yrnoM

Cnnxa 2.8a. [lPenoMh no naAXH

ourpraua npenoMa Hr4Benere ce o3HaL{aBa ca d' = lG = iG, -Grl' raHreHra ca

-AG
'ls= R..-, MaKchManHa opAnHara 3ao6rbeFba (max y), npeMa Synxqnjn
1
2 LG2
-x
3aoorbeFba y
==- t4 cMeHil x:Tg, je jegHaxa ma'\J'- R' '::- ' Vtutecro
/' ^frr' 8
jegnurnne Kpyra Kopl4crl4 ce je4xavraHa KBarqparHe n"pa6ole-^-:6^?f
j"rq*ocra"*"jer npopavyna (y 4orrrexy npHMeHe napa6one, npaKrqqHo He nocrolLl
pa3nHKa y oAHocy Ha jeAHaqilHy xpyra).

2.4.2 MHHt4MAflHA 3AXTEBAHA 3AyCTABHA nPEFnEAHOCT

KoHcrpyrqrajoM BeprfiKanHe KpuBHHe norpe6Ho je o6es6e4rru Aa nperneAHocr
ca nonox{a Bo3arteBor oKa 6yAe AoBoJbHa Aa ce o6e36eAil chrypHo r 6es6egHo
MaHeBphcaFbe Bo3unoM 14 Tr4Me fi36erHy HexetbeHe nocneAnl{e'

MusuruanHa 3axTeBaHa 3aycTaBHa nperneAHOCT l43paqyHaBa ce npeMa

h3pa3y
(1 .43) ras npBor nornaBJba, Koiu y 3aBucHocrl4 oA 6p3ilHe Moxe Aa
ce Han[ule y
o6nraxy (2.9):
 llPoiexroaarbe nYreea
32

.,2
p t .V, vr (2.s)
t7P --t
3.6 254'(f +*otG +v,,)
-+M
KoLiehba' AoK cy ocranr4 cnt',l6onu eeh
o6jaurueun'
rpe je VrOperHa np, no'lLrxy
ucnouroBaHe'
llpnnnxona npopaqyHa o4pefraeaFba AyxilHa xoje r"ropajy 6uru
ra
y ra6enu 2'2'
Kopr4cHl4 noAaLlil cy nprKa3aHn
111
- MHHrManHa 3axreBaHa 3a BnaxHe
Ta6ena2.2. 3aycraena npelneAHocr
KOnoBo3e Mltnnuanxa
Epauncru PearoBalbe Bo3aqa 3axTeBaHa
nph Koqeby Koe$.
npoieKTHa oKBHp 3a 3aycraBHa
Tpeba AL [m]
6p:nna Aare BpeMe f npernegHocT
ycnoBe gyxuHa [m]
Ikm/h] Isl Iml
rLm /hI
88-8.8 29.6 - 29.6
30-30 2.5 20.8 - 20.8 0.40
30
0.38 16.6 - 16.6 44.4 - 44.4
40 40-40 2.5 27.8 - 27.8
0.35 24.8 - 28.1 57.4 - 62.8
47-50 2.5 32.6 - 34.7
50
aq 0-33 36.1 - 42.9 74.3 - 84.6
55-bU 38.2 - 41.7
60
2-5 43.7 - 48.6 0.31 50.4 - 62.2 94.1 - 110.8 _
70 63-70
0.30 64.2 - 83.9 112.8 - 139.4
70-80 2.5 48.6 - 55.5
80
U.JU 77.7 - 106.2 131 .2 - 168.7
77 -90 2.5 53.5 - 62.5
90
0.29 98.0 - 135.6 157.0 - 205.0_
100 85 - 100 59.0 - 69.4
116.3 - 170.0 179.5 - 246.4
91 - 110 2.5 63.2 -76.4 0.28
110
0.28 134.9 - 202.3 202.9 -285.6
124 98 - 120 2.5 68.0 - 83.3

y KoHBEKCHOJ KPl4Bt4HH
2.4.2.1 3AyCTABHA nPETnEAHOCT
je 4yxNna
rpe6a Aarn oAroBop npBg-:*ul1yP'?flI111 axo
APa gy*1yl3r+tg l159ia -eep! U=
3yp e 03 aq e Bor * ;-nyNa' o;f 4inxm.ne
-C,!-ttiar;gil
BH B o q9 -9- :=f;1{["-t"
Bo3a''reBor oKa
o

gpvroi-D?ryp46tarvf"-aKofg:BYllir-lu -"Isyp:
*ry"r"J (S = Pz < L xoneex)' Cxuqa
ma;a
"ffi#";"*"*a
i5lil"eHtti" * en,{'z'u:-
Ogroeop-na npBo nu-raLb--e je (S>-LJ:

zoo.({a, +{nl (2.10)

L rnin = 2'S
AG

a Ha Apyro (ScL):
AG.52 :--
(2.11)
Lllllll = --- --- ----l
200.(iH, -trHr)-
rAe je AyxhHa BeprylKanHe KoHBeKcHe KpilBI4He Lmin
MHHr4ManHa
y MerpilMa'
Br4cHHa Bo3aqeBor oxa H,)e 1.07 m [1], araoaxa o6jexra Ha nyry Hrie 0.15 m [1],
go yrao
r4cnpeA xor rpe6a 3aycraBurl4 Bo3uno 4a ne gofe xonreuje' npenoMHn
/t, y npoqeHrnMa H AyxHHa Bo3aqeBe Bil3ype Sy r"rerpuua'

r,t//
xprarxv '
Cnrxa 2.9. 3aycraeHa nperneAHocr y KoHBeKcnoj

llpuuenou jeAnavuua (2.10) ra (2.1 1) sa o4pefnsar-te Mr4HilMaIIHe Ay)KrHe

BeprilKanHe KpuBI4He, ||qa 6ra 6una sarqoeorbeHa 3ayCTaBHa nperneAHOCT',
3aycraBHe nperneAHocrl4
AyxhHa Bo3ar{eBe Bil3ype ce nsje,qnavyje ca 4yxuHoM
S : Pz H raAa je (Pz>L):
404 (2.'t2)
Lmin=Z.pz-
LG

n (Pz<L)

LG'Pz2 (2.13)
Zmin =
404

3a ogpefraeaFbe MMHr4ManHor nonynpeqHuKa KOHBeKCHe KpilBL4He KOpHCTH Ce

Soprvryna:
min R,, = 0'25 ' Pz (214)

2.4.2.23AyCTABHAnPEI-flEAHOCTvKOHKABHOJKPHBI4H!{
xa y KcHe BepTnKan He 7pt46fri'it-r:<-oHKABHffiepTH Kan He
P aenH
i.olt'##
ra emef KoH Be
noBa@ ffi

npn xasana gncnosraquja KoHKaBHe Bepru

 [lpojexroea*e nyreBa
\)+

Cnrra2..10'KorrxaBHaBepTuKanHaKpHBHHacaceojnuKoHcTpyKTl4BHI4M
ENEMEHTNMA

nHraFbe il$*a yqHHl4rt4 KaAa Je

AsanorHo nperxoAHoM cny-qajy-, noc;aersa ce Pz > Lkonkf'
Eo3at€F_d-E]ilEg.A{xa oA ApK!4He 4oH{aBHe KpHS-I[e,,]€ =
;*,g"g1 1 s=
.ffi Pz < Lkonk)'

O4roaop Ha nPBo nnraFbe je cnegehr:

|I lrnin=2'S- 200'(/Y +S'tgP) (2.1s)
.AG)
a Ha Apyro:

(2.16)

rse je H=0.6-. -e-!9\vg- -S-ap*e.-t1. F-gg-4ly*v Merpt4uq4L*y!e9"-59i]L*3X5fana

uhti;a:r"y-toa*oeperuxopr43oHrarHoMpianvy.-W*-C-YIe,!-el-fl -1.ocranu
oaiud5nra cy o6jau:rueHn y nperxoAHoM nornaBrby'
u
(2'16) sa o,qpefraear-ue MnHilManHe AyxnHe
[lpuruenou je4Ha+rHa (2.15)
BeprnKanHe KoHKaBHe KpHBfiHe, Aa 6n 6vtna 3agoBoJbeHa 3aycraBHe
3aycraBHa
ca
nperneAHocr, AyxhHa Bo3aqeBe Bh3ype ce usjegxavyje 'qyxnHoM
5
np"rn",q*uctu = Pz utagaje (sa Pz>L):
120+3.5'Pz (2.17)
I mirr = 2. P: -- AG

u (sa PzcL)
LG'Pzz (2.18)
Lmln =
r2o+a5,'z
MilHt4ManHor nonynpeqHMKa KoHKaBHe KpHBuHe
Kopl4crfi ce
3a o4pefraaaFbe
$opt'ryna:
 P? (2.1s)
min R',.trrntr =
TG;V;'"')
cBernocrt4 $apoea
p ysnua 1o '
rAe ce 3a yrao pachnaFba

2.4.2.3nPETl4tlAJHA nPETflEAHOCT
v KOHBEKCHOJ BEPTI4KAJIHOJ
KP14BHH14
nperneAHocr y
norpe6no otp,:eAt4Tt4 u nperraqajHy
je
v nexurrl cny.raieenrvra
KprBl4Ht4' xola- t',,,ox e 6uru
BeoMa BaxHa KoA
xoneexcHoj -ijHa;e Kpr4BHHa

ABocMepHhx
""p"*"i'ij 6urna caYo Lo-A *o*""*"*'* ?:?]LT-*'x
nyre'Ba' 1bi'ioFiHo BepruKanHe
3a o'qpetlraeaFbe
Aa 6ra 6uno rgoer";ff Kophcre
l#o'
ce l4crr4 elteMeHru Kao 3a
saycraBHy
npernrlajne np"'n"4''"'o-trl4 Mnsnn'ranna nperilLlalHe
nperneAHoct' i""il'' =i s^.1^1r' ly11*u Kpt4BuHe
" ""]""t1't'
yJno"'4a je aoeav"""'""iypu' Ayxa oA Ayxl4He
nperneAHocru Je 3a
(S>L):
(2'20)
lmin = 2'P, -946
AG
KprBhHe (ScL):
Bn3ypa xpaha oA AyxnHe
a sa cnyvai 4a je eosaveBa
LG'Pz? (2.21)
lmin=- W

2.5 ocHoBHH nPultlnnH -rq4c4P4hba

e;leMeHT npeAcraBlbeH
rrv r o je
l Daca nvra q'
Toaca re ;TpoAHMeH3t4oHanHu
;;;; ;'
'--fl:
-xoopfirntrairiov-;t,tcreL- T^ i"'-n
l4ny.ipoBaHf
Tdle ,--..-
v crDoeeH 01:14l43 6n m;" " * aua;-na-er"
3:nnepcnexrvtse
" re r
-^^iny-Aqaxv" nvra
;:.;,1^fi ffi"###H+-'"ff1;{t^;;'p,tg:iyu,#Jfr
ilJ;-t'.""TJ:f '3E3iTrJffi"'i'l^"ffi ff
:::ffi
;li"::*""""1,:H;'J:[J":ilX3#
'""ffi hffi
ffi #J31ilil'a'::i;i'il-Fii*[:*""ti:*:m*n",*ff :ffi iFffi ::
:l3i:"J?l[3EX31H1'l?Jii'i"=iJ[iJfi".f :y::*:Hili?'fff '.:J,""#;;
o o q e aFb
l"{?15; n aFb
aur HB
"i ;i a H p
f T;S" a3a Be Ae
HJ ; H H

l*"-';?, :-|.
[;;;;;""r'rpoAnMeH3ronor nPo6nen,'a'
"
g,/0
 ,{r z
I -i/

-f
,/
l,/ v

tr

Cnrxa 2.1 1. TpoAnMeH3hoHH npHKa3 n3 nepcneKrhBe Bo3aqa

Qnmi"2.r 2. ocoarHa y cl4r'yaLiiloHoM nnaHy fi y3AyxHoM npo$uny

-/
2.5il nocrvnAKrp4c,p-att-}
KnAcr4r{AH nocTvnAKTPACHP-Al-b
KnAcilt{AH W CVO l,/-'/
3a npaeranaH nocrynaK TpacnpaFba r"ropajy 6uru sagoeorbeHfi ycnoau xojn
n pe gcraeruajy 3aKlbyq aK reHe pafi Hor npoj exra:

- Karerop-njq !YrA.
- ii,repogaano caoSpahajnoonrepeherue
- cacfae cao6paha1iux roKoBa (nyrnrlsxa Bo3una' KaMnoHh, ayro5ycn'
..)
- paqyHcKe 6peraHe no AeoHhLiaM4 Kao r npojerrne 6psnle 3a L{efly
rpacy
- r-raqnr-r eKcnfloaraL{raje (cno6o4aH Hnil KoMepqujanuu)
 33xre By- tli{rH e M pex9
- Iorg}ql-!4q4pq!!L{? ! netl
- rr4n ronoeo3L-e taoHcipyxqrale (xpyra nrr $nexcr6ranua)

Ha ocHoBy oBHX ycnoBa nprcryna ce ,qe$rurcaFby rpelrilqHt4l llpoJeKrHNX

napauer,apa:

- MaKcilManHe AYXilHe nPaBqa - max L

-' r',1 no.
-paigulyea {o p ra3 onranH e-
tTifr Mafl LPIPIIS: mn R
- MaKeviMan-Ho-ior nogyxHor Hain6a; max G
- uvinnt,tanHor noflyxnor uarta6a - min G
-
rursnvariiror napauerpa npeJ-la3He KpHBHI+-mnA
-
- uunnMarixor pa.qrajyca KoHBeKcllgl.-s-a9-6tbehba mn Rv
-
-
rnin Rv
o'r/a
- Mr4HnManiror pan4yca kglxaBlo*aoorbeFba
- min Pz
- MviilraManxe sa/ciaan-e lpq[nAeHocru
-
- Mr4Hnnalidnp'eTrariaine nperJ:lgglroctu min Pp

Onra rpaHhqHI4 eneMeHTr nperqcraaruajy nona3He BpeAHocrt4paAI4' Mopa

npl4nuKoM
pa 6u rpacnpaH'e Morno npaBhnHo Aa ce
G"rp"*u. Mefylarvr,
nocrojarr ge$uHncaHa noAnora, a t.t'y qhHe:
- fiHXeFbepcKo-reofloulKe KapTe
- KapTe HaMeHa noBpl'llHHa
- ronorpa$cKe Kapre rnn aepo$ororpauerpnjcKt4 cH14Ml-'ll4

14xxeruepcro-reonoujKaKapTanpyxanoAaTKeBe3aHe3acaBpeMeHereonol!Ke
npoqece,KapaKTephcT[KecTeHcKHXMaca,reoMexaHfiLlKeKapaKTepncTrKer
xr,^qponorrajy n oBpLlll4HcKl4x H noA3eM Hhx BoAa'
ia
Kapra HaMeHe noBptxrHa npnxasyje 6y4yhra paseoj no4py'riq' epcre
o6Nt"t

r43rpaAFbeHnapqenu3ar4'rjyeer,'rrsrau'rra'Haiuoj,nope4nocrojehercraba'Mopa
6u::n npnKa3aH h nnaHupaHu paeeoj nyrHe Mpexe il npuMapHnx
r,rH SpacrPYxryPH t4x o6j e xara.
o6nux' y
TonorpaQcxa Kapra je ocuoea no xojoj 6y4yha rpaca 4o6rja csoj
rpa$nrxov cMilcny. Axo oenx noAnora Heua, rpe6a rax o6es6e,quril HaKH4AHHM

cHrMaFbeM y nojacy Aaror Kopl4Aopa'

KaAa cy cBe nperxoAHe noAnore o6ee6efeHe' Moxe ce noqerr

ca
nocraBtbaFbeM rpace Ayx pa3MarpaHor Kopl4Aopa' llocrynqn
cy cne4ehu:

- rPY6a ocoBfiHa
- Hynra nuwia
- nPojexrna ocoBilHa
l-py6a ocoBHHa je npaaaq Ba3AytlHe nnnraje rasrvlefy noHerHe
u xnapue-1a111
,lirltv xojr,rx ipe6a noayhu ipacy' Ha ocHoey l'be ce rpaxe noBorbHn1e

eapujanre ce ne gofe 4o SuHanHor peuelba'

AoK
Hynra nvtnuiaje nrauraja KoHcraHrHor narn6a xoja cnaja,qee $uxcHe raqxe' Ona
flexn Ha repeHy r r43a3hBa MilH!4ManHe 3eMrbaHeropagoBe' Ca ctaHosNura
je y npaKcu nrje raxo' jep Ha Kapru
,..pig*" nyr" io ra,qeanHa nraHuja, anh
 KojH HaBoAH npoieKTaHra Ka cKnaAHhM
oHa h3rneAa Kao r43'oMJ-beHH nonhroH
reouerPuicxnu o6nrqrua'
e r aq Kg9AP-gby!-e c3i3i1
ocu o ey no 3 Har or pa croj , arsa ,*_*_*:
a vvnvuJ
Hlo A se_*ry-ce
**,-;;
AH 9 -:ff:5'
Ali 'i90, -----.
-:-'MI'f00 rge je aH nocMaroaHux raqaKa'
^.'d,va nocllarp?Hux
eucwacxa pa3nilKa TaqaKa, A
AL
iG=
oe"",ei-q;qee.gv,1o1":i
jil:,T:l:"::y::?il:iJ:1il1"";:?:?":?ft]
i*#'ffi:'##T;l0;L'*os.'u*nio*:g^nf
I roMunv vDqnv vflrvrr!
HT,:"??t"?.,J'1""!l*?l;5'
r::Y:l:1'i-:^:l:!!*:.1;!,
"k - xopax 3a rpacnpaFbe" xojr
;;i;;;S;{;aaa-AUrrce Aq
ea caBlaAaBaFbe KoHcraHTHenorp€
KOHCTAHTHE l6Hy ^ARN2NARAFbE
oua
npsAcfaBJrra xoprasoxranHy AyxlnHy tr . I0o
8.i00
Br4cr4HcKe pa3nhKe (exeu4ucraHU!)
E Im] 1sr're-!y-.49e rqqfei K--Z;;l\)'
oAv e p a?,a rue M oiy-gg$!] : rco+alef a--[P9[ost4 M o Kopa213'- on
ro- KePJ I n o-!1.
je
K

r43oxr4nce
I

Ao H3ox,nce,.-Ha rafna'lran-4oOra;i
cl rfin=-ra nrasnla- t-la cnnliu
n pra ka5ari n pr.r v e p-i c6iaBtbaFba rpace xop avabe M'
ce Kopal]a ynBa cMepa - oA
.Qa 6ra rpaca 6una uro 6orue nocraBtbeHa no Kapril rpe6a ge$rnucarvt
raqKe *" |-opro'of oafut"o' v rou Ml4KpoKopl4Aopy
AoFbe
rpacy.
'
eneMeHara (npaaqn'
l-ipojexrna ocoBnHa t{t4Htl xorrl6raxaqrajy npojerrHrax
paBHoMepHo npare Hynry eneMeHru
npena3He KpI4BfiHe llpeu
" ^pV**'"y-"::!-?:.u
nraHrajy, a npu ,o*, ,Lny*aeajy
ogbetleHe reoMerpr'rjcxe 3aKoHl4rocrn'
je yxnanarue npaBaqa u KpyxHl4x
KopaK y geQmuracaruy npolexrie ocoBhHe
ocqranyje oKo Kpyx(HHX nyKoBa'
nyKoBa raKo, Aa *ynru' nuanja EaoY:l"o
je KoflHv[Ha 3eMrbaHHX paAoBa yje4xareni (ycex - uacrn)' [lpenounn
Trarr,le
yrnoBil TaHreHTHor non"o'tu, xojtl ce noBnaqr
no KpyxHl4M nyKoBl4M4 Kao u
npena3Hhx Kpt4BilHa'
;p;6" nj 9y:{" nocraBrbaFbe
AlDKuHa r,,refiynpaeaq;'
ilocneoBilxnocrynaKa,nocraBrbacerpaQnqKacrallhoHaxacaKopaKoMog'100
m h npena3u ce Ha aHanl43y rpace y y3AyxHoM npo$nny'

t-lpN.qeQraHracaFbyTpaceyy3A)DKHoMlpo.Qrfly,npBoce..cxra4ajy''KoTeTepeHa y
Ha croMerapcKl4M xoje cy rpaSrasxra ogoe-b-1e Ha ocoBl4Ht4
"raq'aoHixiva, repeH nocMarpaHe
raj
curyaqfioHoM nnaHy' Kaga 1e Ha HaqhH
'qe$Nuncau
AeoHnqe,noBnar4uCeHI4BeneTaTaKoAacers6erirycyBHtxHl43eMrbaHhpaAoBl.
ytRyxHotu npo$uny HMa r4c-ru cMrcao Kao Hyrra nilHHJa
Hamue, nnHxja t"p"*a y-Ha
yigyxxorvr npo$rany rpe6a nopeA Kora
y cfiryaqiloHoM nflaHy. 'qe$nHrcarn' y3AyxHl4
repeHa , n' giiarpaM 3aKprBrbeHocrh' -o-?^pun"'
ca CBHM FbeHuM
npo$ran "ruq"o*u*a
cnyxH *J''o"*ofi'si t.qe$ilHilcar-be Hr4Benere
eneMeHTilMa-BepTI4KaIHHMKoHBeKcHHM14KoHKaBHuMKpHBuHaMa,npaBqnMa'
noAyXHI4MHaru6uuacXoAHopaHrynyTarxareroprajnTepeHa.oarannjer,,rory.F'e
y nnaHy H y3AyxHoM npo$nny'
14croBpeMeHo carneAaBalbe rpace cilTyal{hoHoM
a r ovoryheHo je roPnroBaFbe rpace'
rpace nyra ca
Ha cnraqra 2'1'4 ienpnKa3aH je4ax npraruep y3ApKHor npoSrana
nornegoM Ha cHryaL{HoHH nnaH rpace
- ocoahHy' ca cBHM norpe6nuut
ENEMEHTilMA.
::=--.
*-;
._l!.. "..

Cnnxa 2..1 3 HYnra nilH!4ia h KoPaK

je
cnegeh: ll6pl*" (-ojrar'ra
3aepuxa eaprjanra y3AyxHor lposill-:lpxra
I narra6 *'""n"'"' Kore Hl4Benere' Kore TepeHa'
geSnHncaHa o"o.,'*"' Ha y3AyxHoM npo$rany ce uleMarcKl4
craqiloHaxe g",urou* ""*Jtn"^"'otrta' isxa'q ocoBI4He- nyra' nponycru
"
racqrpaaajy h KaHanl4 tu og"og*"'"*" '"no'q ''
r ryHena' *ojb HeonxoAH-e AaTpaca caBnarqa
xao n rpaleeHHe nonyT rurocroea "yp""*ta" roKoBa ra 6pga' Taxofe
o4pelene npenpeKe, nony.r "'p"'*-nonp"""'*
pacKpcHuqe M npnKtbyqL{n'
ce ueMarcK, npr*u'yiy 'i"*'""n'"aHe
 llpoiexroeanellJ9ry

Cnrra 2'14' Vsgyxnra npoSnn rpace nyra

2.s.2 gqlyil4K T PACH PAFbAn QM Ohv ?At{v HAPA

l-l
ynor?99olr*o*njyrepcxux
f-locrynax npojexroearua nyreBa ie Aanerg- 5pa'!-1'1
noaataxa- o repeny N o6p?4r
nporpar'na. cy-urNHa- je y npr,lrirrenra Hyr"repravxNi o6aerbeH xaxo rpe6a'
r4cl4x. Harue, Aa oH raj nocrynax 6no
y nornynb'crr
;:ffi' ';;;;' ?;;
reoAercKr4M
cHr4MfbeH caBpeMeHuM eneKrpoHcKr4M
tlHcrpyMeHTl4Ma, Aa o, **iu norpe6Ha
^oi";"
3a rpacfipaFbe 6nna"aKrHBHa""

l-'lpan xopax y oBoM nocrynKy

je ,qe$wHracaFbe
'Tpe6a
nonpeltry::q"-9.1f"-:y'l^;t?:
cy
t,roxe 6rrr pa3nuL{Hr no g"o*"q"rua 4a ca'qpxra cBe eneMeHTe KoJl4
no'i"pe6Hn, a eeh Panrje HaBeAeHh'
je npilKa3aHa Y H3oxHncH'
Cnegehra xopax je 4a no raxaoj nggnogl4' 4oia "'Ry
noBnaquril y3
iepqHa' rpacy tp-"^6:
xoje cy uHaqe iegan og erap,oaa nprrasa
endueHara - n?aBaqa'
roN,t6t4iroeaFbe norpe6nrax KoHcJpyKTI4BHHX
KpyxHl4x
.nyKoBa n npena3Hux-kprrr*u-osiariaeabeN,l Mecra 3a nonpeqHe nposnne
no
repeHa' 3arupt
ocoBt4HI4, sa*qaje ce KoMaHAa 3a HcL{praBaFbe noAyxHor npo$rana
cenoTaKBoMy3AyXHoMnpoQhnynocraelbiHhBe|eTanpeManp'4Hl']finy
ce paAil Hrepar,BHo' ann
;;";J;;";;";i ;"Aoea" ri je nocrvnax xojr
oA r!4na co$raepa' uoxe
AaneKo 6pxe Hero *n!il*rrr
nyi*'r. V iaeficHocr'
ce rcpaqyHarra' xy6arypa H pacnopeA 3eMrbaHrx Maca'
 tl

llpoiexroaarce nYreBa
yLUreAy y
npoQlrna le eane19-6lT:'^,Ty*u
llocrynax ncqpraBaFba nonpelrHHX nocrynKa npojerroearua' Ha'rnFt
BpeMeHy 3a HeKe 4py'" u*'"tf9t]l. l::il
H 3eMrbe y xojoj je uacrao'
Korhpaba saB*cvog irnu co$raepa
je npgUra:-Hr1a oA KnacuL{Hor nocrynKa' HapoLll4ro
LUro ce rpaQr'rxe rilqe, MHoTo npojexroBaFba y l??ll"""3uoHanHoM
npnflt4KoM npr*u.,"u*u t""i*** $isa Bo3r4na r npoBepa nperneAHocrl4
xn9r1rud
era4y. Moryha je, *ax,'-"*"'"Vnu'ftla
raKo !4-nperraqajne u 3ayc-ra:He' a
Hapoqnro
ca HI4Boa oKa Bo3aqa, xa*o Oou"e' Ha npenoMy KoHBeKcHe Kpr4BnHe'
;a#;;;*"i *"0'u;,-^o1ra ce 1aarua

pacKpcHraqy je gHaHro eeha

craprua ilHBecr,r.{r4oHa BpeAHocr, 3a AeHr4-BenilcaHy
cy cne'.qehe:
Hero 3a noBptllt4HoKy, ant4'npeAHOCTH
Ha t4erpagruoru ayronyra ca KoMnnerHoM
ayronyry '
1 . Yxpwrain 3axreBa AeHHBenl4caHe
KOHTponoM nprncryna ayroMarcKl4 cao6pahaja
pu"*p.r, i" p"f,' otiltvpa*a 6ptot nporo Ka

rpna' Her'loryhnocr o6es6efierua

2. Enuutnnaqnia nocroiehnx ycKux cav no
norpe6nor'Kanal{hrera Ha [oBpl']ll4HcKHM pacKptfllutu ie
pacKpcHl4Lie
ce6r ,.qoaoruaH pa3nor 3a u3rpaAFby AeHHBenvlcaHe
pacKpcHl4qaMa ce
3. Vcnoan 6es6epnocr' l^.HeKHM noBptllvlHcKl4M-
6es o6supa Ha ticrrHv
yBeK A";;;;if caoopabaiHe - *"t'oad'
je 4oeorbaH pa3ror Aa
ce
cao6pahajaxopa ryga npona3n' To
I43rpaAfi AeH14 BenhcaHa pacKpcHl4 L{a

4.ExonovtcxnacneKT.HanoapurHcKl4MpacKpcHmqaMaAona3fiAo
ycneA npeKhAa cao6pahajHnx
BenHKhx eKoHoMcKr4x ry6rarixa ty rpotllKoBr4
roKoBa H 3aycraBlbarua cao6pat'i1a' "y -1:l'*'
ycneA yAeca' a
ropfiBa, ryMa, MoropHor yrba' nonpaaxra
v1

Axo pacKpcHl4qe
norpoueHor BpeMeHa KopficHfiKa nyra' ":^o:'1""
ce ovraruyjy 6ee
excnnoaraqraie
npeBeAy y AeHhBenl4caHe' TpoulKoe'
obs,Pa Ha eeha craPTHa YnaraFba
npl4pogHa
5. Tonorpafucxe reuxohe' Ha noje'qunrar'll noxaqujar"ra
ge''ro''L'Ta Mory 3axreBarh MHoFo Beha
ronorpa$vrja nnl4 qeHa pacKpcHl4Lle HcKe
cpeAcrBa 3a u3rparqFby noBpl'u t4

KapaxrepucTr4qHuTunoBHAeHnBenucaHuxpacKpcHMl{a,yrpy6ojnoAenn'cy
npt4Ktbyt{ql4 ra YxPuraj u'
pacKpcHuqe rpoKpaKor^rl4na r Mory 6rru o6nrxa
I-lpraxruyvrlra cy AeHhBenhcaHe np!4Ka3aHe cKt4qe
p"*""' 2'15 u 216
i-ru tt''q' cy
rpy6e, Kpytl'lKe,'rpo'Vr"nu '
rpoKpaKilx pacKpcHi4L{a'
 Ilpojexroearce nyrePa

++
42

Cnuxa 2.15 TpoxpaKu npnKlbytlqu - rpy6a r Kpyl'lKa

r,

Cnuxa 2.16 TpoxpaKh npuKlbyql{n - rpoyrao il paqBa

tleraopoxpaKe pacKpcHuqe Hnh yxpLurajra cy AoMhHaHTHil O6nHK y nylroj

Mpexh. KaparrepraCTnL{Hr4 TrnoBra Cy pot',t6, nona}erenuHe, KpyXHll noAeoHilK,
AerenhHa, Manreu1Kl4 Kpcr l4TA. Ha cnrxava 2.17 u 2)8 cy nprKa3aHn HeKfi
oA
nph Mepa \reTBopoKpaKux AeHt4BenhcaHilx pacKpcHl4L{4.

Cnnxa 2.17 geraopoKpaKu yrpu:raju - pou6 ta nona AerenrHe

 43
Ilpoiexroearue nYreB4

Ly"'

Cnnxa2'.lSLlereopoKpaKilyxpurajra-AeTenHHauManTeUKhKpcT

l-1peua SynxqraoHanHocrn AeHuBenr4caHe pacKpcHl4Lle cy noAetbeHe y ner

HhBOA:

- $ynxqr,roHanHu Hl4Bo A je npfinilKoM noBe3nBaFba ayronfreBa

nput 6n Kcnnoaral{hoHl4x KapaKTepl4crH Ka
nxu rx e

- $ynxqraoHanHr4 HHBo 6
je KoA noBe3r4BaFba nyreBa hcror
cao6pahajHor pexuMa, anh pa3fl htl!4ror cao6pahajHor onrepehema
-$yrrxqraoHaflHl4nueoIjenprnrxoutnoBe3r4BaFbanyTeBapa3nl4t{t4Tor
cao6pahajnor pexhMa r BeoMa pa3nrqilror
cao6pahajxor
onrePeherua
$yHxqraoHanHu HMBo I
je xog noBe3[Bahba nyreBa pa3nfiqfiTor paHra
-
H Ben14Kilx pa3ntaKa y cao6pahajnou onrepehersy
je npranraxoM npocropHor pae,qeajarua npaBaqa
- SyHxqraoHanHil Ht4Bo E
anil 6es Fbt'lxoBor Suervxor noBe3uBaFba'

2.7 ngEe-u]!4H,C-KE PACKfCH!4qE I PAgXTeHHqE v HHBOy

- pacKpcHHqe
qHHe
l-locl,,rarpajyhr nyrHy Mpexy' AoMhHaHrHy rpyny pacKpcHhLla
To je rran pag6p,clfl{a xog xoirx ce npoMejta cMepoBa
v'*""oy tnospuhHcK4, Ta cnoxesa
laoOpanalHrax roKoBa' oOae;a xa jeaHo!-Cajegnuvxoj noBpurt4Ht4.
il
+v_*.q;F noapLuraHcxe,pacr(pcHr4qe ie-peur{Bai"e4rano-norvrohy rpafeanHcKe
cao-opiia;r..re perynaruBe, xoja og yqecHnKa y cao6pahajy 3axreBa
ogpefeHo
qr4TaBHM pacKpcHl4qe. Ha cnrqu
MaHeBpHcaFbe paAfi ycxnafraearua ca CHCTeMOM
219 cy npnKasaHh HeKr4 ocHoBHr o6nrqn pacKpcHt4l{a y HrBoy'

Ha cnrqr 2.19 voxel,,lo npeno3HaTn cnegehe rHnoBe pacKpcHl4L{a y nraaoy [8]:

"A" T, "E" Y nncnno*, "b" cMaKHyra, "l-" cMarcHyra 14 r4cKouJexa"'fl" Buute
npaBal]a,,.6''vaxageta',E',yxpruraj.oehrrnoaHpacKpcHl4l{acyrrajleLuhryy
,-iu*"*"r cao6pahajirraqava. One cy nocneAuLla BeoMa Ben!4Kr4X orpaHh\reFba
norneAy pacnonoxl4Bol npocropa.
a-

/, FLpojexroaarce nyreBa

F Y

.M KAIU-fA"
p iz'. v", c-<7

\_
I

{,r de-t rz+ r

(nxv.K€

Cnmxa 2.'1 9 OcHoeu o6nnqr pacKpcHrqa y HuBoy

l-loepurucxe pacKpcHt4qe cy KarerophcaHe npeMa $ynxqronanHHM H14Bol4Ma:

1. Qynx4uonafiHk Ht4Bo ,Q je uajevtulu HHBo y rpaAcKl4M ycnoBilMa Ll

nocraBrba ce Ha npeceqHHM TaLlKaMa rnaBHnx cao6pahajunqa'
npn6nuxHo 14cror paHra (cnnrnor cao6pahajnor onrepeherua
yqecHhKa y cao6pahajy). KaHanrcarse cao6pahajxnx roxoea je
o6aBe3Ho, t4cro Kao H cnrHanu3aqr,rja. llrvra ABa noAHl4Baa p1 n fl2.
l-lo4Hreo !1 nMa KaHanncaHa neBa n AecHa cKperahba y 3oHl4
pacKpcHhL{e, a noAHt4Bo flZxananncaHa ueBa cKperaFba n3 rnaBHor H
cnopeAHor npaBqa
2. QynxqnoHanHn nneo E je Hreo Ha KoMe ce npeceqajy cao6pahajurqe
ca 3HarHo pa3nilL{HTt4M $yxxqraonanHHhr paHroM r,t cao6pahajHnv
onrepeherseu. Taxofe nocroje ABa noAHl4Boa, E1 n E2' KoA
noAHr4Boa El cy xaHanrcaHx ynhBHV v1 v,enne'+l4 ToKqBn (crperarsa
AecHo H3 rnaBHor u cnopeAHor npaaqa). Ha cnopegoM npaBl{y
cnrHanilsaquje r'loxe 6utu anvt h He Mopa. V nognnaoy E2 pasnuxa y
SyHxqnoHanHoM paHry cao6pahajHuqa je uarua. 3a6parsexa cy neBa
cKperaFba H3 cnopeAHor npaBLia y3 npeceqaFba rnaBHor cao6pahajxor
roxa. CenraSopcra chrHanil3aqiaja vopa Aa paflt4 y pt4rMy rnaBHor
cao6pahajHoF roKa
3. Qynx4uonanHh HnBo @ je nr,rao npeceKa cao6pahajnrqa ca MaFbylM
sxavajeu r MaFbr4M cao6pahajnrau onrepeherseu. Ko4 no4Hltaoa tD1
cBernocHa cnrHanr43aqrja uoxe 6urn npuveFbeHa y3 Mr4H[MatlHH
HHBo KaFianrcaFba cao6pahajHrax roKoBa. V no,qHNeoy @2 neua xn
cBerrocHe chrHafl!43aqnje nn xaHalncaba cao6pahajunx roKoBa
 AJ
llpoiexroaa*e nYreBa
ce uoryhnocr q?-y-i-{i
l-lpnnnxov npojexroearua pacKpcHl4r'ia rpe6a BoAr4rt4
raxo' 4a
-;;;;;j;;"o6fahainrax roKoBa cBeAe Ha
]i-11?."^:.?oj"rrvjv "'1'YYt neua'
w'/
Bo3hna 6yrqe unnru afiHa vnv 4a je
uoryhuocr cyAapa ABa

2.8 ocHoBHt4 EnEMEHTI4 CAO6PAhAJHE AHAIH3E

rpaHcnoprHe
o#c
Baxno je cxaaTlarl Ag j9 o9l9Plia,.ty-1!!lj-1l}'.].?=+i.?.9r:9f:-Ar4rvrepe nojnbvt sa
yg.tyt", cs ra4Ner-r, e,piao'.-9r,ay.9,"rgi-q;jgg5-cn9d;a'!c,nv1e;.jl 6psrnaua
nyr oMoryh, o-"""€eet- ryp4-cao6pahaj. hpyr lnrxeairshehv
BO3hna.
o-cHoBH!{x napaMerapa
cao6pahajxa a{anAsa--ouoryiae*a qar.|lq&?ggtbe p iIIg
c ao 6 p ah aj H N x r o Ko Ba : E p gr g.r.< a, Kan aq4,r-e_Tg-ryei!4ie, -q

2.8.1 nPoroK, 5P3I4HA H-rygIM \/\l 0vo

r{uHe ocHoBHe eneMeHre
llporox, 6psnna r ryc]rHa. c.y llpo\l-eHtree xoje cy:
oanx nojnaoea
cao6pahajHe aHan!43-e. OcxoeHe geSraxvrqraje
(?) !s-oj!t" "t'pgnagn Kp03
1POTOK CAOEP/$A!A-(O je 6poj eosrana
;a"aip"* npo6ran y j9.Sllt11 ?peM:Ha (4
"".offi1Hra
6 = L Taosunaicaryl--
(2.22)
, .''*l
j
cpF.dtb4 Flglttta-*ie apurMerH\rKa gpeAb3-. gpeAHocJ 6penxa
-Tana5a on p e: H oM npecerY
ngd',r ar p ai'4i
o
19 q1n-y j99!9IP3l 11 I
nlrra ra nspaxaaa ce noMqhy 1'13p-a3a:

4n
I', = ' lV,
(2.23\
n ,-^

rgeje V,6psNna nocMarpaHe rq'rxe (6pslaHa Bo3hna y lo:Y1IlT""

#npeuuo" npeceKy na nyry, "9X" 6rarr4. o4pe,$9-fa p,!4a0cxurt"tje
o***u*.") iTo,i*p-o-94lta.'Apyia ne+raHra1{nja cpe[iie- 6peaHq
-
y oAp:ebylq tu
xo pn cHr,ri i cq -Cjalggra rLr ra idoo pat'-el! 9* algryq,e
-1:- /
nv-'a
oBffi 6i, Bpgy 9t-? .ireTp.@[qlf il.ryrryv
ta lrepa cpegtb'e ;Fen1-oc1 Qo-s-11e-cry6pahq!9! l9K3f :

t1/ t# r,
(2.24\
'r' = 'n J7,'
t
Ikm/hl

z' a epeve je:

rge je /rgyxraHa nyra xoprLuhena 3a MepeFbe 6psraHe
(2.25|
7 =1 [r,'11.,y + t2(2)+... + l,(1,)1
 rAe je l,*/n epene norpe6Ho Aa n-To Bo3r4no npefe AeoHHL{y nyra
u3pa3 3a opsl4Hy Je:
AlDKrHe /(L= /r= /t= /,)'KosaqHn

t' = a I

[kmlh] (2"261
,,"1 a,
(t/\rl t/,, I

/ Etl/ t/t I

'' t
)
cao6pahajHor
Oeaj raspas sa 6psrauy ce Kopl4crl4 Kao cpeAFba 6psrHa
TOKA.

lycruna cag5Pahary[ ryxa -1" Qoj eoenna xojr ce Hana3[ Ha

roKoM oApebeHor BPeMeHa il r43palxaBa ce
3-
oApebeHoj AeoHnLlu
novrohy:
i^n 12.27)
l Iaoerana/km]
I

2.8.2 ocHoBHl4 MOEEnH cAoEPAEAJHHX TOKOBA

u
flo racroj norHLlr4 rc npeTXoAHOr nornaBrba Moxe 6rarn je4irocraBHo o6jau:ruex
oAHoc nporo*a, 6psrue h rycrrHe cao6pahaja'
flporox je rsPaxeu notvtohY:
o =v.G (2.28\

je'quunqa sa
rAe je jegrauraqa 3a nporoK O y 6pojy Bo3una no cary [aosrana/h]'
Opsrauy V y * no*e-phMa no cary [km/h], a 3a rycrl4Hy G y 6pojy aosnna no
*rno""rpy[eosrana/km].TojeocHoBHaje,quavnHaxojanoaesyjecnequ$r'lHe
MoAene cao6pahaja y jegnHcraeH MoAen'

2.8.2.1 MOEEfl EP3HHA - rvcTI4HA

Lnogeny je
Haj6r,rrHraja noqeTHa raqKa 3a crBapaFbe cnHKe o cao6pahajnov
il je4HO Bo3Hflo Ha
c*""ra*e oAHOca 6psrue rycrhHe. llOCrrlarpajr'/lo AeoHt4l-{H
nyra. V rt4M ycnoBhMa, rycruHa je aeor',la uana (aosnna/km) 14 Bo3aq Moxe
je 6psuna
ciooorqxo 4" Lo., 6psranor,'r 6nracxor,lr npojerrnoj 3a ry AeoHilL{y' To
cno6o4Hor''cao6pahalHor TcKa V, iep, 6psnHa Bo3hna uNje orpaHfiqeHa
eosnna na
nocrojarueu Apyll4x uosrn" Ha AeoHilqt,t' Mefyrrar"r, yKonrKo-ce-6poj
6r'1 6nno otuoryheHo
glt*riq, no"etl"a, 6psnna nocMarpaHor aoetana onaAa 4a
vefy ocranuM Bo3hnfiMa' Moxe ce AoroAnrl4 'qa 6psuna na
"r*""prauroe voxe
nocvarpanoj AeoHhtll4 6yge je,qnaxa Hynil (v = ot h Aa rycrnHa cao6pahaja
6rarrao,qpefieHaHaocHoByAyxHHeBo3nnaHFb!4xoBoruefyco6norpacrojarua'
ulro ycnoBtbaea eacroj - oAHocHo ryxBy y cao6pahajy, 6,
Je4an o4 vroryhnx npilKa3a onilcaHor craFba je nor"rohy cne4eher
H3pa3a:
 47
flnoiexrosane
''r-t-" --- nvreBa
t

l'=V,'ft-9t
J GJ
(2.2s)

rAeje6nocMaTpaHarycTnHacao6pahajHorToKa'[lpe4HocrnilHeapHofnpilKa3a
oAHOCa 6psune , rycira"e je y rorue, uro ouoryhaBa
cyulrr4HcKy Be3y rasr'/lefy
xojy t'lua
cao6pahajxor roKa, 6psraxe u rycrHHe saxeruapyjyhH KoMnneKcnocr
r"nr""up"u eesa 6peNne il rycruHe' Jep, eaxno je nanoveuyrv' 6penne
Aa cy repeHcKa
M rycTHHe TexH
hcnr4Tr4BaFba noHauaFba cao6pahaja noKa3ana, Aa oAHoc
Hen[HeapHocru npvl ManxM 14 BeflhKl4M rycrnHaMa' V c,raapr' yKynHy Be3y
rpu oAHoca: (1) nenuneapHe Be3e
'6p3l4Ha ca
64.;;" ra rycrraHe'je naj6orue npnKa3aril
npn ManHM l-yar"rutu KaAa nonaKo OnaAa y oAHOCy na 6psnny
.ioool*ol- roka, (2) nuHeapHe qgge npxnilKoM Benr4Ke 3aryulehby' cpeAbe BpeAHocrH
je
,yatr"" ra (3) HenraHeapHe Be3e xdga rycr[HajeguocraeHnjer6lrcxa oAHocHo
Hynn' 36or nprxaea oeor
6psnxa 6uea Nit4H14rr,1 anFiavn{jeAnaxa r
je nprKa3aH caMo nhHeapaH (cnraxa 2'20) o4ttoc 6psnne
npoOn""", oa,qe y
rycrHHe. HenraHeapxa aaprjaxra oBor oAHoCa
je ,qeraruno npnKa3aHa paAy

1965 (Drew 1965)[9]ra llajnca 1967 (Pipes 1967) [10]'

Iipjva

E
E

F
s
o
Ln

0G;
tycruaa (voz/km)

Cnrxa 2.2O OPuoc 6Psrne n rycrrHe

2.8.2.2 MOgEn nPoroK - rycTnHA

Kopracrehu ycaojeura nrHeapHil npilKa3 oAHoca 6psune fi rycrfiHe
(2'29) n
npI4Ka3aHHocHoBHHoSnuxnpoToKa(2'28),vtoxe6rrrnphKa3aHnapa6onu.lHr
MOAen oAHOCa nporoKa H rycTHHe:

^2 (2.30)
o=l/r.(G-L)
Gj
On1urn o6nrx oBor H3pa3a je nprxasax Ha cnylll4 2.21 . Moxe ce yoq1llrr Aa ce
AHsepeHqHpaFbeM nperxoAHor H3pa3a no rycrl4HH, 406rja MaKcHMaIHa
BpeAHocr nporoKa, Koju npeAcraBrba HajBehu nporox Kojn AeoHfiL4a Moxe Aa
noAHece, a Aa He Aobe Ao 3acroja.

o
o
o
E

fycrrna (voz/km)

Cnnxa2.21 lpuxas oAHoca ryrrHa - nporoK

Ta apegHocr npeAcraBjba Kanal{urer AeoHHl-.|e. l-ycrnna cao6pahaja Koja

oAroBapa MaKcnManHoj BpeAHOCrl4 (xprarravxoj BpeAHOCril) G.= Gn Be3yje ce 3a
MaKcuManHy 6psraHy v.= vo, npH Kojoj ce caoSpahaj ogenja 6eg ot"terarsa.
dQ
=,.r.(-u'or=,
dG'Gi
(2.31)

k1e raepaea (2.31 ) ruoxe Aa ce saKtbyvfi Aa je 6psraHa cno6ogxor cao6pahajuor

roxa Vl pa3nHilfiTa oA Hyne, a ga je MaKcnManHa TCTXHa (xprarnvna ryCrrua)
jegnaxa:
G,
G, =; (2.32)

irlro 3aMeHou y je4ua'lnHu (2.29) p{e:

Vr
l'", = -; (2.33)

Vnorpe6ov il3pa3a 12.32) n (2'33) Y r3pa3y (2.28) po6nia ce spe4Hocr 3a

MaKCrManHr nporoK:

- vrGi
/)
Ym--- (2.34)
4
ITpojexroaabe n.reaa 49

2.8.2.3 MOAEfl 5P3I4HA - nPoToK

norneAaMo nhHeapHr npnKa3 oAHoca 6psuHe H rycrilHe
(2'29) v
Axo o4 6psnxe:
np"*o"no*yteMo ra, go6rajavo 3aBhcHocr rycruHe
V
(2'35)
G =G,.(1--l-)
t l'-f

3auenovM3pa3a(2'35)yt43pa3y(2'28)4o6rajace3aBhcHocTnpoToKaoArycThHe
u 6peuue:
Il2
O=G.
_ J
(I/- )
(2.36)
Vf

6psraHe cao6pahajnor roKa' ulro

Ha cnNqn 2.22 ce BhAil 3aBilcHocr nporoKa og
je 4eSranracaHo M3Pa3oM (2'36)'

0 0-
l-lporox (vczlh)

Cnnxa 2.223aaucsocr nporoKa og 6pauHe

Ha cnuqra 2.22 ce Moxe npnMerrrta Aa ea 6hno xoju nporox je

MaFbH oA
MaKo4ManHor, ogroeapajy ABe 6psnHe cao6pahajnor roKa' uro. nocneAuqa
KoHcraraqnje Ai 3a nporoK MaFbu oA MaKcHManHor, ogroaapajy ABe rycrilHe
(cnnxa2.21).

2.9 KA,nAqUTET H Hl4BOl4 vCJIvrE

(neuaxa unn
Kanaqrrer npeAcTaBrba MaKchManHil npoToK o,qpefenor cacTaBa y
soanna) xcjnnaoxe Aa nponycrl4 o4petleiila nonpeqHu npeceK cao6pahajnuqe
ycnoBilMa nyra'
roKy Aaror BpeMeHcKoT neproAa, noA npeonnalyjyhnu
nponycHy trloh
cao6pahaja fi KoHrpone' fipynarvr peqfiMa Kanal{HTer npeAcraBJba
nocMarpaHor nonpeqHor npo$rana cao6pahajnrqe'
Haj aehn KanaL{Hrer n3Hocl4:
1000r
Ls
rAe Je:
. C Kanal4urer na jegHoj cao6pahajnoj rpaqra' (eosrna/cary) noA
usa6Paxnv YcnoBHMa
r V 6peraua (km/h)

. LS npoceqHo pacrojarue cnelerua Bo3una (pacrojar-ue nsvehy 'qaa

y3aronHa Bo3r4fla y cao6pahajHoM ToKy u Mepu ce oA npeAFber
6pan"xa jegnor Ao npeAFber 6pannxa Apyror aoerna)
AHanusoN,l Hr4BOa ycnyre r,loryhe je xaaxrrasHKoBaTn
KapaKTepucT[Ke nyTa c
roKa' OBn
o6aupov Ha nponycHy r"roh nyra il cpeAFby 6perany cao6pahajHory ycnoBnMa
roKa uory 6rarr aHanh3npaHh 14 MepeHu
nupiir"rp, caoopanalanor
vnopeluearue
caoopaiala (noeeharua rycrHHe, cMaFbeFba 6psrane).
;;;dJ;" analrasa) je
nepQopuaHcH pa3nilqHrr4x nyrHhx eneMeHara (na np. cao6pahajna
Kao ocHoBa 3a
,a*Lo'i"p, pesynrarh raKB!4x aHaflH3a uory 6nrn NcxoputuheHr4
vi"ptrldil" tureheHocrn KonoBo3HHX xoncrpyrqnia n onpaBAaBahbe
onpaBKy'
SraHancrjcxhx cpeAcraBa 3a hbHXoBy
Kanaqurert4nporoK,l43paxeHnyBo3HnHManocary,cyABaKapaKTepucrl4L{Ha
*p"'"'p'cao6pahajHeaHanr43exojracy6urHusage$raHrcarseH[Boaycnyre.
Moxenaro6ilrhnoxasaHo4ajeKanaL{firernyra$yrixqnjarrnanyra,6psrxe
"noOog"orroxa,6pojacao6pahajnraxrpaKa,unphHecao6pahajnnxrpaKail
6aHxnsa.
lTocroje pa3nora s6or xojnx ce nporoK l43paxaBa y Bo3rfiHMa no cary'
ABa pa3nrqrrhM
npsra,lep y cao6pahajy yvecrayjy pa3HH rrnoBn Bo3rfla ca nornyHo
nyrna reouerpraja (nogyxnra narn6 - xojN nua
KapaKreprcrrKaMa Hl xole yrrave
o4pefeHrax r,noBa eosnna). Oeaj craa
.*l".Juti yrraqaj na 6ps'Hy KperaFba
Bpcrl4 Bo3fina
rpe6a4onyHrrr *r*"*"qoM Aa nporox rpe6a h3pa3rrh h npeMa
xoja ce Hana3e y cao6pahajHoM roKy' flpyrra pasnor ce oAHocH Ha nprBpeMeHy
patno,qeny cao6pahajnor roKa. V npaxrnsnuu ycnoBilMa' aHanh3a ry.1?I
caoopatal.aceoAHocl4HaAeoABaAeceTL]eTBopocaTHorfiHTepBanayKoMeJe
v osnv nepuoArMa, BpulHt4M carfiMa, cao6pahajxut
t-ycrtlHa cao6pahaja xajeeha.
npoto* je neyjegxaqen h s6or rora je 6rarHo ge$nHr4carl4 nocTynKe MepeFba
neyjegnasen ocrn (cnuxa 2'23).
Teoprjcxra, xajaeha BpeAHocr KanaLlfirera !43Hoc14 2750 eosnna/Cary npil je
onrilvannoj xoncranrnoj 6psnHra o4 75 km/h. flpaxru'lHn KanaqHrer
yrraqaje nyra fi cao6pahaja. l4seprueHa
ollrrneAHo MaFbfi c o6enpor'r ua $axropa
reperof yxasyjy Ha pa3rfilry y Kanal{Hrerl4Ma Ha rpaAcKHM u BaHrpaAcKl4M il3HOCI4
nyrear*a. taxo ua rpa+4cKl4M nyTeBhMa npaKTrqHo il3MepeHil KanaL{HTeT
y jegnor'l cary' Ha BaHrpilcKl'4M nyreBxMa
oxo 1500 nyrHnqKnx Bo3nna no rpaqu
ox ce rpehe o4 800 go 200 nyrHt4qKl4x Bo3hna no rpaq!4 y JeAHoM
'1 cary'
l-looiexroaarbe nvreBa rE1t
''r-t- -- t

tr

sioo".n .;fli,i",

Cnuxa 2.23 flprar',tep neyjerqHavexor nporoKa y Bpl"llHoM cary

KeaHrHrarl/,lsHo o4pefrearue Benur{uHe rycrhHe cao6pahajnor ToKa

v
KBanurarilBHo t43poKaBarue cao6pahajnux ycnoea je npeu KopaK y 3aAoBolb_etl
BosarleBux norpe6a. Te urepe ce oAHoce Ha HfiBo ycnyre, H HaMepa
fiM Je Aa
noBexy: 6psraHy H BpeMe nyroBaFba, cno6ogy MaHeBpHcaFba u c[rypHocr
y iagaluFboj npaKcu je ge$ranracaHo Luecr Hl4Boa, og A go O [1 1]:
"o**". y
lluao ycnyre A - npe4craBrba ycnoBe cno6ogHor roKa npu Benr4KuM 6p3nuauaje
xojrua Kopt4cHr4qr4 vory cno6bgHo Aa vaneeprLuy. Onulru nraeo xovSopa
oAnnqaH.

Hneo ycnyre 5 - Aonyura6psnHe 6nytcxe rnn jegHaxe 6psrann c-no6o,qHor roxa'

anra je nfrcycreo ApyrHX KoptlcHl'1Ka npuMerHo' Cno6oga
ns6opa 6penue je
penarilBHo nenopeueheHa, anh je vano onara cno6oga MaHeBpncaFba y
cao6pahajHoM roKy, y oAHocy Ha HHBo ycnyre A'
Hueo ycnyre -.qonyura 6psuue 6nrcxe nnn jegHaxe 6psrnn cno6o4Hor roxa'
{
anu 1e npracycreo gpyrrax Kopr4cHHKa npilMeTHO, a CaMHM rrarur je uoryhxocr
MaHeBphcaFba orpaHHqeHa. onu:rr Huao xot'it$opa je uuxu y oAHocy Ha H|4BO
ycl-ryre 6. Ot,leresocr cao6pahajHor roKa ilHqhAeHrnMa Moxe pe3ynruparta
ixa.rajnNjrarr,r ycnopeFbeM cao6pahaja. V ognocy Ha nperxoAHa ABa
HhBoa'
n,toryhnocr goraf arua n HL{hAeHara je n,tn H uu an na'

Huao ycnyre fl - npegcraBJba ycnoBe rAe 6psuna cao6pahajHor roKa noqnFbe

snavajHraje Aa'onaAa ca noaehatteM nporoKa. cno6oga MaHeBpHcaFba nocra.ie
orpaHravexraja y oAHocy Ha HhBo {, a Ha ro yrrqy ncKycrBo Bo3aqa Kao
H FberoBo

ncraxo$rasra.rxo craiue. l,4uqn,qenrr ce 4orafajy s6or eehe rycruHe cao6pahaja u

afbeHor ogcrojarua ra:r,,ref y Bo3nn a, y3poKoBaHor no eehaH h Nil npoToKoM.

cM
 flpoiexroaa*e nyrePa
52

..t:r-.::tit-:.t):-.:!j:?ra:a-i :rr::,.11:::i?.r::iil::::,:t ::::r:.:-: ': r;:Li

Cnrxa 2.24 Nueon Ycnyre

Hnao ycnyre E - npeAcraBJba

'u oneparuBHe ycrloBe 6nrcxe unu ie4511
;;;qr;;;i nyra. L{ax Manr4 nopeuehai cao6pahajnor roKa' Kao uro Je
nphKrbyL{ylBaFbe ca nphKrbyt{H'rx paMnn nnu
npoMeHi:1"9til:jHe rpaKe' Moxe
ycnophTl4MaHeBpncaFbeoKoflHHXKopt4cHHKa.Vonuirevcnylajy,MaHeBpHcaFbe
je excrpemHo orpu*r..llro H Bo3aqr4 ce ocehajy nexon$opHo na ncuxo$u3t4t'{KoM
nnaHy.
6pso
Hneo ycnyre @ - onracyle roranHh sacroj y cao6pahajHoM roKy Pegoer ce
cao6pahajuor roxa'
SopvNpajy fisa raeKe ," nyty rge je golr:no Ao nopeMehaja
['lpoiexroaarce nYreBa
roKy ueasrasaiy MaFbe He3ToAe npu
nprKrbyL{l4BaFby
Taxee raqKe y cao6pahajnoM
ca npnKtbyt{*r* ou"n'"i;;;
;;t;;;"h" ivtt'""llrKnuLlHy
Bos'na ::'Ilthv pa3vMHHM
noiaay' oea noiaea'
6ognnava. a oHAa *"rn6 .ru*y.
tlro npeAc-rl"-u
:i#ffH';"-ii 3a HhBo vcnyre o'
1" -"n"xrep,cr"xa
ycnyre' oA
2-,!4 cV npl4Ka3aHh cBl4 HHBoH
AoxrBrbaja' na cnhl\M
Parqra arasyenHor je enarr Aa Kanaqurer nyra
ycnyre'
A go O. Karq ce paAn ca Hr4BooM e oeo' "u**o
ceaxaxo nnje noxelbaH ycnoB' Jep
veer 6rsa ocrBapeH ;;;;";;t;nvie xoia uoxe cMaFbrrt4 Bo3Hy
HHBo ycnyre E usagnea
HenaiogHocr KoA Bo3aqa
noeenliN sa gorafarue l4HL{l4AeHara H ycnopurl4
cnoco6nocr ra "o'yt*o"t
cao6PaiajHu rox'
rpe6a ras6ehu' cBaKy LleHy' tuoryhHocr
no
Flpvr npojexroaaruy nyreBa'
"E] ycnoBa 14
*rrou utni"" rtl'i" 1,""* tuoryhe e6or SuHaHcujcxvtx
cao6pahajnrx
4erpagariraje
orpaHHqeFba norooo,ii'f,.'o;r;r
;;j;^;;*" v.nl,u"tn 6psraHv, 6poj
ql4H[naqa xojra yrravy Ha KanaqilTer nyra'
TpaKa 14 ocrannx

2.1O MOAEfi cAosPAhAJHOr nPOTOKA

nporoKa nra.ie _6asrpaH Ha npocroM
MareMar,qxr4 MoAen 3a il3paqyHaBaFbe *[o= nocMarpaHu-^':p*""* y rolry
npe6pojaearuy xoji npona3e xojr'r he oApeAt4rl4
BpeMeHcKor
"o="nt eeh ce rpaxfi TaKaB MoAea
,*'"p"int' ce npare' Hajje4Hocraexul14
BpeMeHcKr4 *unflacKa tlYli::.""na xoja je4xa oa Apyrhx' Io ot4
yAalbeHa
raKaB nphcryn 1t gu cy Bo3una no41*g**o
"*-r"p"tn
n; t;i np"tno"ta"qil' nporoK
qrann 360
npeAcraBrbano ou"'tilL;-v;;;";;?;; l4HrepBuny j" 30' a pacrojarsa
ust'lefiy 'lena
eoe/h, 6po1 Bo3l4na y neror\ll4HyrHoM p"un"cruqaH' jep y HeKhM
Bo3r4na ie 10 "J-vtg'.' d"uj "o-n1
nMa-M"n"e "i"' Hero y ApyrHM' 36o'r rora 1e
neroMl4HyrHMM t4HrepBanl4Ma "og"na n',raFba'
p""nolJnu y oBl4M aHanH3aMa yBeK noA 3HaKoM
paBHoMepHa

2.10.1 noAcoHoB MOAEfl

nporoKa je MareMarilL{Ka
Mo4en rojra y3HMa y o6srap HepaBHoMepHocr
eePoearnoha:
... . n
l/" ll 'e -i'J (2.37\
P(.n) = --------:-
n!
Bo3ilna'
l4HrepBana roKoM xoier rpaie 6pojarue
rge 1e I rpaiarbe BpeMeHCKor BpeMeHcKoM
P(n)ieaepoearnoha ga he 6poj Bo3t4fla
n goiluy roM nocMarpaHoM
(6poj eosrana y BpeMeHcKoM
fiHrepBanyt, a A cpeAFba BpeAHocr nporoKa
ie
vrHrepeany)' I
rrn ndn
'^h^F MoAena a je noxasana Aa Je oF peanficruqaH
Ervrnrapr,rjcxa aHanr3a l-loaconoeor
npilMalbl4MrycrilHaMacao6pahajnorroKa'irlte5yrrar"r'orpaHHqehbeoBorMoAena
nepuoAa
y eR'eA"o-cr1-1o"*itpa*ot :p",Y::,:*o' MoAen 'il
1e rasje,qHaHaBaFby
"p"a*'"
b'b' BpeAHocrr4 npu6nnxno'
j"{:1*"' Je
eaprjaHce. Axo .y ABe axo je eapraiaHca sHaqalHo
Mefyrr,ilvr,
o4roeapajyhr, .0""u*iin'u il;";;#tra.
a

[l7oiexroaabe nvresa
54
pe3yflrarH cy cyBt4ue pacyrl4
eeha og nocMarpaHe cpeAFbe BpeAHocrt4' n o. r'n-artoa oA cpeAFbe
(4racn eproean ra). Axo i 1?:M:rpaHe
try"yt'' V o6a ra cny'raja'
" "l^lt"p":1t:1.::."*ui
BpeAHocrH, p".yn-rui'' cy cyaralr-re
floacoHosa
p""n*o" craFby. cio6pahajnor roKa Oeaj npo6nev 1e
pacnoAena He oAroBapa
AerarbHo o6pafen u o[oJ"t*" n::::yfffia ipocn and Mannerins 1ee6)
3a HcrpaxrBabe cao6pahaja 113l'
[12] ra VgpyxeFba
noacoHoee pacnoAene' cy yoqeHa
npt4
3a.qoeoruaeajyha peri'rerua' npl4MeHov y pacKpcHl4l-{aMa il HanJlarHhM MecrnMa
TpaKa
aHanu3aMa 6poja cao6pahajnrax
uJpoearHohy HaunacKa o4pefeuor
Ha ayronyre"r*u *uiJJ"-norpe6no "titt'
Opoia y AaroM BpeMeHcKoM 14HrepBatly'
"osrna
|-iocrojeuApyrnMaTeMaTut{Kl4MoAenH3aaHanu3ycao6pahajrrr,rxroxoeaxoju
y cioopat'ajHrM roKoBI4Ma' 3aryure$a' anH
oHt4
nsyvaeajy pop,*rpa*"e';";";;
Hucy npeAMer oBOr Kypca'

III4TEPATVPA:
ASSHTO (American Association of
State HighwaY and TransPortatron
tll
'r Hlgn*uYs and Streets"'
;A Poli"y on Geometric nesign i
officials),
Washington, DC, 1994' MA:
Design and Performance' Cambridge'
121 Campbell, C. The Sports Car: lts
Robert BentleY, lnc', 1978'
New York' Wiley' 1978'
t3l Wong, J.H"'Theory of Ground Vehicles"'
I 'r
t4lCarlF.Meyer,DavidW'Gibson'ROUTESURVEYTNGANDDESIGN'Fifth
lnc
Copyright 1980 by Harper & Row Publishers'
"Jition, p. Principles of Highway Engineertng
r6t
r-J Fred L. Mannering, walter Kilareski,1998'
and Traffic Analysis, Second Edition
Mailaender' HIGHWAY DESIGN
i6l Ruediger Lamm, Basil Psariano:'-Ilgodot MCGRAW-HILL 1999'
HANDBOOK'
AND TRAFFIC SF;TY ENGINEERING
paAHa aepsuja
l7l 3AKOH O JABHIIM nyTEBl4MA'
Vol 1' second edition 1974'
t8l C.A. O'Flaherty, Highways and Traffic'
Operations and Control"'
tgl Drew, D'R. "Deterministic Aspects of Freeway
HighwaY Research Record 99' 1965'
110]Pipes,L.A.,.CarFollowingModelsandtheFundamentalDiagramofRoad
Transportation Research' vol' 1' no' 1'
1967'
Traffic",
Research Board 1994'
t11l The Highway Capacity Manual' Transportation
vol' 122' no'
t12]PochM,andF.Mannering,..NegativeBinominalAnalysisoflntersecion-
Accident Jouinal of Transportation Engineering,
rruqr"n"i".',
2, March/APril 1996'
[13]TransportationResearchBoard,..TrafiicFlowTheory'1I?log'uph,,,Special
Council' Washington' DC' 1975'
Report 165, l'lational Research
3
NPOJEKTOBAI.bE
rPAfqcKHX vfiHqA

3.1 yBOA
Axo ce nocMarpa cnoxeHocr SyHxqr,ronracaFba rparqa naKo ce uoxe yoruru 4a je
pelueFbe cao6pahajHux xor'ryxraxaqraja je4no o4 saxnrajnx, aKo He ra najsaxnuje
nilTarbe y npocropHoM peuJeFby. l4e6op rpaHcnoprHr4x chcreMa - ur4HcKr4 unr4
A,pyMcKl4, HaA3eMH11 vnv noA3eMHu, nPeAcraBrba BpxyHaq HH)<eFbepcKe
AOBHT'bI4BOCTT4 Tr,lMOBa CTpyqFbaKa. ,Qa 6U HaA3eMHh, nJT4HCKM 14 ApyMCKl4
cucreMu 6unu ycneuHo peueHu norpe6Ho je npaaranrlo AuMeH3hoHficaru
nonpelrHe npo$r,rne cao6pahajnuqa y rpaAcKMM 3oHaMa unil npeqr43Hr4je pereuo,
npaBunHo peuJr4rh sone perynaquje.
Tpe6a nanoMeHyrr4 Aa je 3eMrbr4r.lre y 3oHM perynaquje y nornyHocru
npenyureHo npojexraHruva cao6pahajunqa. Onn rpe6a 4a BoAe paqyHa H o
nnQpacrpyxrypHHM 14Hcranaqrajava xoje nponase Kpo3 3eMJbr4ure 14cnoA
KonoBo3He xoHcrpyxqnje. hcro taxo rpe6a 4a capafiyjy ca HHXeFbepr4Ma Apyrux
TexHuLrKtlx AhcqhnnilHa vuje cnequjalHocrH noMaxy Aa ce peue npo6nevu xojr,r
ce jasruajy npunhKoM nnaHhpaFba M h3rpaAhbe uH$pacrpyxrypHux t4Hcranaquja
Kao uJTo cy BoAoBoA, TeneKoMyHr4KaLl!4oHr4 BoAoBr4, KaHaJl[3aquja,
eneKTpoBoAoBu, racoBoA, TonnoBoA n ur.q. Je4uno raKBa Bpcra capa,qFbe Moxe
Aa AoBeAe Ao npaBhnHor peueFba KoMnneKcHHx 3axBara xojra vraHe u3rpa4Fby
rpaAcK14x ynILla.
V oeoh,r nornaBlby Aaru cy ocHoBHr4 npr4Llnn!4 il npaBqna npojexroearua rparqcKux
cao6pahajnnqa.
3.2 KIACI4Ot4KAqHJA TPARCKI4X CAOEPAEAJHt4qA
l-pagcxe cao6paha.lnrauQ* cy RpeMa nonpeqFloM npo$rary, xojra saeurcu
'baobpahalxor
o,q
onrepehert;a u paqyHcKe 6peune, xnacnSuxoeaHe Ha:.

- rparqcKg__gyJ._9lyJ-eiri- ."-i1.. .Ip-q8c5e"... M3Y_9rP,.-aj,e... 9a"- .BeHrB-gnucaHilM

pEd(Pbxuqatla u eneMeHruMa:

BO3HA 3aycTaBHa rrFrrqHa pa3AenHa

6aHxuua, b paHr
6p3!4Ha TpaKa, tz rpaKa, ti TpaKa, tr
rpaxa, tv ynuqe
Ikm/h] Iml lml lml
Iml lml
IA,
Vr>100 a atr 2.50 1.00 3-00 2-50 l-M n
rA,
Vr>80 t <n ltq 0.50 2.50 2.00 l-Mn
2.00 2.00 l-Ma
Vr>60 aaq 0.00 (1.50)' 1.50
0.00)
'AKo no.to1, 6"t"HcKa pa3AenHa orpaAa rhna Fby Uepcu (New Jersey)

- rpagcKe Marilcrpane I rpaAcKe cao6pahajluqe ca noBptllt4HcKl4M

p3:5P-"!1qiY 1 ra pas,q eH u t'a xontj eo gH N,t a ca en e M e Hrr4 M a:
.eclj

cpeAhba t4B14qHa
BO3HA TpaKa 3a t4Bt4qHa
pa3AenHa pa3AenHa paHr
6psnna TpaKa,
TpaKa, tv cKpeTaFbe, TpaKa, tr' rpara, tri yjr!rqe
Ikm/hl tm [m] tr [m]
lml lml lml
3.50 3.00 5.00 2-00 6.00' l-Mn,
Vr>80 3.50 3.00 5.00 2.00 4.O02 It,
Vr)60 2.75 4.50 4.003 rc
c y oKBl'lpy neulaqKe cra3e npouupeHe 3a 1'00-rn'

- rpaAcKe ceCF_pqb1t4q-e- . t1 .,.

-c-e-6y"p-.fq
ytrn!-le qq He-pa3-AB.0leHuM
K-o,[o_8"99 f .ll4 \,! n 9B p.ul !,J
H aM a'] 4l !4 cy e n e M e Hr r :

t4B14qHa
BO3HA
6psuua BO3Ha rpaKa, pa3AenHa neua\.{Ka
Tp.aKa, tv paHr ynuqe
lkm/hl tv* [m] rpaxa, tri craaa, p [m]
lml Iml
\Cnn tu, '1,
3.25 3.50 4.001 1
Vr>60 J.ZJ 3.50 2.OA2 > 3.00 cv
vrH Z.OO m finH BhcoKo 3eneHHno y oKBHpy nelllaLtKe cra3e npou.lupeHe 3a 1'00 mi
2
noryhe BhcoKo 3eneHfino y oKBi4py neulaqKe cra3e npollJl/peHe 3a 1 '00 rn'

- ca6upHe ynilqe ca eneMeHTHMa:

6p314Ha
BO3HA
TpaKa, tv*
3aycraBHa I pt.Atn"t neuraqKa paHr ynHqe
Ikm/h] rpaxa, tz[m] ] rPaxa, tri crasa, p [m]
lml I tml
Vr<60 2.00 I s.00 CY

*.

n''l*"
11poi e xroa a rce rP aA9 t<!x
l-A- (rpagcxu
-ca96pqlgjHraq9-.paHr-a
Ieor'.r-erp.raiq!il4*n,or1p-g-1ry*lFoSra11P1495e Ce -
avronvr) ra t-Mg trpugt*-J ##t'efb#A)
rabeo4n ca Fra9.rav51',,:lB-9i9"H'4Y
saycraar-tai,,r rpaxaMa. leuueenucaue
H""#J#e-#t#F#una-a-oou,ie."snrar,.r
:er]ewrenr:--Konr-6.ranaquie 'efieMat{ara Ko,[4 qMHe
p#ipJr"q" ooi""e"H
iaaxor rpa'qcxor
"v opo1 u uupt4Ha rpaKa' saBnce.oA TperMaHa
nonpeqHu npoQun, nonpeqH, npofr'rn' Axo
#ffi:' iiil;;';'3:t 1e npraxaiaH
-reo'rerPraicKt4
r A 9L]P*41e-fl g-qJA9-J-J::g; Av6
eu n

I l,:lo-eI*g9999rb9 4'(l'nt4 Bepr.4xelHl4M

e
cr
n po o p H
st4AoBt4Mtt arrcoF6vje-bfxy
goeorur-re c-9.El4M-X-qsl4HA.r'ita
A-a
ffi?6;;"d;q";"i-raxeQdei.ee;tqt4F;'o6pahaje.'"."".

Cnraxa 3'.1 l-eor,,lerpr,rjcxu nonpeqHu

npo$ran cao6pahajrrraqa paHra l-A u I-Mg

TpaKe ca tz' l'Bt4LlHe

Ha cnuqu 3.1, eosHe rpaKe cy o3HaqeHe ca N' 3aycraBHe b'
pas4ennra noiac ca tr, ,qox je 6epr'la ognaqesa ca
rpaKe ca ti,
*"-I!3i1rq:.?"t' npeg'craeruajy HanoMeHy Aa
Beprraxanne nranraje, Ha cnuql4 3'1: cTpyqFbaKa' rpe6a
Ha TUM MecTr4Ma, np"*u a"4"truutu Hacroiaru""a a*onotu*t4x
ancop6yjy 6yry' fipyre qe-e nrauuje
nocraBJbarr4 Beprl4KanHe eJ-leMeHre xojra
npegcraerualy o3HaKy y""*" nalira,^l93cKa AeoH!4qa ayronyra Moxe
fiMarM M eaprajanry ,r4l4uto"
"n'
jaenor rpa'qcKor npeBo3a y cao6pahalne rpaKe'
cnlKa 3'2'
rpaKa y !4croM cMepy'
xoje cy $nsravru pae4eojene oA ocranfix
npeBo3a Kao' Ha npuMep'
flocroie H Apyre eapujanre ras,qealarua iaenor rpagcKornoapLuraHr'l cntlKa 3'3' unu
r,rsrqeaiarue y 3ace6Hy. tpi"v-*u'"toi *onoeosHoj
rasgeaiarse y rpaKy
j" ofryt"ra oA cynporHor cMepa' xa4a ie BenrKu nporoK
y ocratluM e6s'rt'r,,t rpaKaMa hcror cMepa' cnuKa
^o1" 3'4'
cao6pafiaja
rpaKe- npcrxx"e-'ee-"6px9'la
l4e4egj-a-ru-qy igPHg| lpqA.gKof npqBo3a-Y^-ery;6-,He
eehqr opoia n'y'qra'
MHoro JbyAt4^3f
ep,egqpxp.,-T.-a.HHuie npuoaqu-""*9- ..19,-lr4o6vtnnocr
Koqt4c]! ' -nyTHl4!4Ke
craHoBHt'ltllTBa Benr4Ka, oAHocHo KaAa
a caoop#alnraqe csojrav npo$ranor',t reuKo Mory Aa
saAoBoIbe
"Vii"Jot".,
n-brp..eOe cao6pahajr-rrax
roKo Ba'
58 llp oj e xro a a* e rpaA cKux ynuq a

':i

Y;:{

Cnraxa 3.2 @r,rsrr.rxo pas4sajarue jaeuor rpa4cxor npeeosa - Jl-f]

(ayronyr y BauuHrrony)

Cnuxa 3.3 3ace6na rpaKa 3a Jl-ll Ha ucroj ronoeosHoj noapurnr4 14 r4croM cMepy
(ayronyr y Can Opanqrcxy)
[lpo i e rro e atu e rpaA c Kux Yn h I] a

Cnuxa 3.4 floce6Ha rpaKa 3a Kperahbe y cynporHoM cMepy Ha ayronyry

(Fbyjopx)

9U9ryh-aS-qjv
AOBOJbH14M

Kog rpagcxrax cao6pa!aj1!4ll4paH.fa. l-M (r.pagcfa plarracrpana) u FC.(rpa'qcxa

ero!0,-ai-a-iir.raqal ca 56ieesn!4M noBpull4HcKr4M paeKpcHHqar'rta r'aoryhe cy cnegefie
BapIiel1g llq,np-e--!H-111x npo-O4na.. llonpevura npeceK rpaAcKe Marr4crpa-ne Moxe
Orarra EJiierbeH oA 2+2 unu o4 3+3 rpaxe. hcro ce oAHocl4 n Ha l-C.
MannnynarueHa TpaKa 3a neBa cKpeTaFba je o6aeesan eneMeHT y 3OHaMa cBilx
noBpuruHcKr4x pacKpcHuqa. Ha cnuqu 3.5 je npuxa3aHa cKr4qa nonpeqHor
npoQrana ca nprana,qajyhuv eneueututua.
.F
l.' -
.':

------:
t *, ; ,.',';, {+ . fo
n

;l
4'
ptritv,tv,tr,totv,tritp
I

Cnnxa 3.5 l-eor,,rer_prajqrl! 4o-lr.pevFtra npo$ran cao6pahajnraqa paHra FMn u l-C

60 fTpoierroearbe rpaAcxux Ynuqa

V raera,+roj pas.qennoj rpaqu o3Haltenoj ca tri, uoryhe je nocraer,rrra seneuu nojac

ca cra6nulra, xoja ce Har43MeHHqHo cveruyjy ca ynHqHoM pacBeroM, TaKo Aa
cra6na ne crr.lerajy cBernocHl4M cry6onrar.,ra. Tpaxa sa neea cxperarua je
o3HaqeHa ca tm u oHa ce nojaeruyje caMo y 3oHaMa pacKpcHt4qa, AoK tr*
npeAcTaBjba MuHuManHy ulHpt4Hy neuJaqKor ocTpBa y 3oHt4 pacKpcHl4lle.
Korq rparqcxrax cao6pahajnraqa paHra l-M r,r l-C r',roryhe je ras,qeajarse rpaxa sa J[-f1
(jaexra rpa4cxu npeeos) y npBy Bo3Hy rpaKy, AoK cy Apyre ABe rpaKe, cpeAFba u
neBa, HaMeFbeHe ocraruM yqecHr4qnMa y cao6pahajy, aKo cy nonpellHt4 npoQunu
KoMnoHoBaHu ca no rptl Bo3He rpaKe. LlluHcxr4 cao6pahaj je uoryhe nocraBMTr4 y
pas,qennoj TpaL{H. c rl4M Aa ce craHuqHa crajanuura nocraeruajy usa
noBp[!r4HcKl4x pacKpcHt4Lla. Bapnjanre nocraBlbaFba [!taHcKHX Tpaca cy
npuKa3aHe na cnuqu 3.6.

(1) (2)
(a) cpeAhurir,r4
6poj rpaKa

(6) 6ovun, jeguocruepna ynhqa ca rpaueajcxrv KoroceKoM

y KoHTpa cuepy xoja ce He rpaHrqil ca Bo3H!4M TpaKaMa

(2) (3)
(q) 6osill. jeqHocMepHa ynnqa, rpaueajcKh KonoceK o4eojer

Cnuxa 3.6 Bapujaure nocraBtbaFba [!uHcKor cucreMa Jl-f1 y nonpevHotvt

npo$uny y H!4Boy KonoBo3a
CneAeha uoryhnOcr .ie nOcraaruarue UUHCKI4X Tpaca u3HaA HfiBoa KOnoBO3a, 3a
BHcMHy HBl,'tqFbaKa (cnraxa 3'7).

l-------
(a) cpeAuu.tt-ru 6poj rpara

napKilpaFbe rpaMBal cao6pahai

\ T:r-.-_-- -r , ,-
i-:3-55:-l
-:---t* 3.41+,€ - 3.O5+i
l- 3.05 -l+'*3.qt*,-i7.ii
r-----!-- 2.'t5 -7.18 - .--_-
2.15
-2410-
(6) cpe4nulruu nonoxaj ruuHcKe rpace y
ynhqu orpaHrqeHe L!hphHe (Can Opanqncxo)

3.35-4_O0
13.70-22.OO

(q) 6ovr-rra crlMerpugH!4 nonoxaj uJt4HcKe rpace

(g) 6ovnra acuMerpueHu nonoxaj ur4HcKe rpace

Cnuxa 3.7 l4s4eoieHe rpace uuHcKor cao6pahajnor cficreMa

oz l1poje xro a arce rpa4cKux yn Hqa

l1pe4nocrr,r M HeAocraqr4 ,qucnosuquje ca cnhKe 3.7 y o4xocy Ha Ahcno3uqujy ca

cnuxe 3.6 cy:
+ 3HaTHO Bl4Llll4 HI4BO ycnyre
+ cMaFbeHr4 TpouJKOBI4 S6Or eehe npoAyKTT4BHOCTH
+ nraje norpe6aH Harqsop nonraqraje
+ MHoro 6orua ausyenHa u,qeuru$nxaqnja
+ Beha arpaKTMBHocr 3a nYTH!4Ke
+ 6orua ecrerrKa KaAa ce Kopucrr4 3ereHrno
- norpe6naje neuro luupa rpaca
- eehu MHBecrrlquoHt4 TpotltKoBl4 y nojeAuHt4M cnyvajeenua
- 3axTeBa AoAaTHO OApXaBaFbe aKO Ce KOpl4CTt4 3eneHXIO
llonpevnra npoQranr,r rparqcKMx cao6pahainraqa l-C ra ca6upnrax ynuqa CY cy
KoMnoHoBaHil ca no ABe rpaKe y cBaKoM cMepy Mnfi ca no rpr4 TpaKe oA xojnx je
rpeha rpaxa, npBa y3 HBl,,tLrHt pa3AenHu nojac, saycraena. llonpevnra npo$ran je
nprKa3aH xa cnraqr,r 3.8.

Cnuxa 3.8 l-eouerprjcxu nonpexHu npoSrn cao6pahajnuqa paHra l-C u CV

Ko4 oaor paHra cao6pahajuuqa KonoBo3 uoxe 6uru je4uncreen. Baprjaquje y

nonpeqHoM npo$rany cy uoryhe axo je npegaufeno xoco napKupaFbe. Ta4a ce
,qo4aje 3aycraBHa rpaKa parqu je,quocrasHujer MaHeBpMcaFba npnnuKoM ynacKa
u u3racKa ca napKr,lHfa 6es peueherua roKoBa y Bo3Hr4M TpaKaMa. Kao u y
nperxoAHoM paury, uoryha je uauvaa rpaKa ca 3ereHr4M nojacour y KoMe Moxe
no norpe6u 6utu u 4peehe. O6aeesHa je ynuvHa pacBera, Kao u noBpr.rJHHcKe
pacKpcHuqe.
KoA nocreAFber paHra rpagcKr4x cao6pahajHuqa, ca6upnux ylr4qa Cy,
reourerpujcxu nonpeqHh npo$nn quHe ABe BosHe rpaKe, ABe 3aycraBHe rpaKe u
llpoj e xro a a tte rp aA c Kt4x yn u qa OJ

r4BMqHe pa3AenHe rpaKe ca 3eneHI4M nojacottt, xoju je xoN.l6haoeaH ca Koct4M

napKupaFbeM. Ha cnraqra 3.9je npuxasaH nonpellHu npoQuna CV.

I* +T
Cnraxa 3.9 l-eor',lerprajcxra nonpeqHu npo$un cao6paiajnuqa paHra CV

Bgprajgqurjey nonperrHoM npo$r,uy cy r',roryfie. OHe saeuce oA 1pgg:Sp-e {g.l\,!qby

perynaquon-ux rruauja. Moxe ,ce AoroAr4Th ga ner',|a Mecra Hu 3a uBr4qHy
pas4enny ipaKy, Hu 3a 3aycraBHy rpaxy. T:Aa ce nonpeqHu qrpoQran cacroju og
ABe BogHe i-pa4e ri,tmlylifrEe_.Ll!!p!1!:'9 94 q.5 qr,. q lopPyrMHy r,rsvefy_ xonoBo3a u
rperbeeraicie nr,rinje,-koja ce Hajver-uhe noKflana ca perynar4aoH<iv nraliiajorr,r,
31y3_r4Ma neuaqKa cTa3a - rporoap.

3a cee Bpcre rpaAcxux cao6pahajnuqa eaxno je pehu ,qa je uuunvannu

nonpevHra Hatu6-Konoeosa ip - 2.5ok. Bmoneperue,-q xojeM 1e_pra1o pequ y
noiir?Goyn-nps&{Iry nyreea, cnpoBoAr4 ce je4rano y eotl,r pacxpcnra{rllr-ro
y najrraaruoj r',roryhoj MepM. Fal.-BeIEIqJyhl4nunpevnra nana6fi;Tfle je.T-O-]\4p-ry'he,
h3ndte 6:o%Iy kprlBl4HaMa ca KoHrr4Hyannur..r cao6pahajeu l-A u I-M4) u 4.0y" c?
npg1llfrly loxoerava (l-Mn, l-C ra CY). HarH6 xonoeoea je opraleHrucaH Ka
qenfg!'-5p.uenHe, arr4 aKo ycnoBh :axreeajy, t.roxe 6utu 14 cynpoTr-io "KoHrpa
_flaA"
[lonpevHu xarr6 senexor nojaca y HBHL]HI4M pa3AenH-r4M r-p,aKayq j-e 4% xa
xonoEosxoj hoBpLur4Hu. Bo4a, xoja n2/lHe Ha noBplu4Hy 3eneHor no,iaca, 6raea
je4nr,nr rqenoM yRi4leHa y rno. jegnuv AenoM r4cnapu, a ocraraK 6rea npuxynrueH
y cfir4BHr4qKr4 o4creM xoju ce Hana3r4 y3 t4BuqibaKe.
3.3 noBPtuI4HCKE PACKPCHHqE
I-louro cy y nornaBfty o npojexroeaFby nyreBa npHKa3aHu runoBu noBptlll4HcKl4x
pacKp.Ht4Lla v Ht,,,,ou ycnyri, oege he 6utu peuu o Fbt4XoBoM reorraerpujCxoV
b6nrxoearuy. PeluaeaFbeN,t npocTopa y 3oHaMa noBp[,,uHcKt4x pacKpcHl4qa
o6ee6efiyje ce ra6apur MepoAaBHoM Bo3t4Jly 3a 6e36eAHo MaHeBphcaFbe
np,4nnK;; oKperar-ba. Tpe6a, Ha cBaKM Haq!4H, t4s6ehu Mor)frHocr peanilsoBaFba
KoJ.tr4stroHr4x TaqaKa, KOje nocToje y 3oHaMa cB!4x THnoBa noBpllll4HcKl4x
pacKpcH[qa,ycneAnpecexannaujaKpeTaFba'l-eor',rerpra'icxunocTynllM3aTocy
pa3HonHKU U 3aBHCe orq pa,qujyca cKpeTaFba MepoAaBHOr BO3Hra'

JcAaH_Og,_rux_.1-l_gqlyn-aKa je norr.lof,y cnoxeH{L rpoLleH-rpl4llHl4x Kpt4BHHa Koje

je - nOfaoh]i -o6ur,{Ht4x,
anpoxcrar..lrapajy xpraey rpiroea"'Bosrana. .[pyrra HaqilH
KpyxHt4x KpH-eHFtE O6a oBZ n6Crynka 5aeilce oA paHra pacKpcH!4lle'

Jj4iielA sailieglg .P^o-119ll_qluHe Kpr4Be je cnegeier o6rura" c'

R1 :R2:R3=2.5:1:5.5

rA.g 9y:
":Pi6=1:5.5:1
Rl a -.npau. nonynpet{HuK [m] ca ceojrar',t qeHTpantuM yrnor" [q]
ra

R2 u p - qeHTpanHM nonynpeqHr4K [m] ca csojrar,'r qeHTpanH[M yrnoNa [s]

HS-ra A,; rpefr nonynpevHrax [m] ca cBojHM LieHrpanHHM
yrnoll [q]
fl c5Pet", Yrao xPraeraHe [s]
c rrav 4a je:
Qo
. xB -0 o.-
" 108
cto =18
108 9'
nOCTynaK 3a npeTBapaFbe qeHTe3uManHe noAene - rpaAycHl'lx CTeneHu y
ceKcaresr4MarHy noAeny - crenene [2].
l4spasra 3a reoMerpujcxo 4e$ranracaFbe noroxaja ra.raxa y oeoj eapujaHru cy
cne4ehu:
X1
-sincr
=R1
Y1 = R1 ' (1- cos ct)
X3=R3.sin6
Y3 = RB
- (1- cos 6)
-
L1 = 0.015708. R'l .
ct
L2 = 0.01 5708
. R2 p
L3 = 0.0'1 5708
. R3 - 6

R3 - (R3 -,R2) *cos p R1 - (R1 -R2)*coscr

11 =1R1 -R2)*sincr+ sin Y tan T
R1 - (R1 - R2) + cosq, _ R3 - (R3 - R2) * cosF
7t=(R3-R2) *sinB+ sln'y tan T
 65
l\pojexroaarce TPSACKHX lnuF

rAe cy T1 u T2 raHreHrHH npaBqh h3paxeHu y Merp!4Ma' V.celall

HaBeAeHfiM
r43pa3hMa yrnoBHe Mepe ce yHoce y rparqycn'Ll cTeneHuMa'
Ha cnuqu 3'10 je
npHKa3aHa TpoqeHrpt4t{Ha Kpl4Ba'
HanoMeHyr!4 Aa nonynpeqHulK R2 uoxe 6rarra o,qpeteH
je Ha ocHoBy
BaxHo
nonynpeLlnr,rxa cKperaFba MepoAaBHof BosHna xoie je o,qa6pano 3a nocMarpaHy

fi"ipl*"qy. Ha cnuqra 3'11 ie nphKa3aH nocrynaK o4peluaarua nonynpeeHrKa

F.2.

Cnr,rxa 3.10 TPoqeurPuvua KPUBa

yll,? [Pfg-ry]g-]r.x-oju 9e l? cn{qh 3'11 Hanasra Ha ancqncl4'

Ha-o=c-4qqy--c-Sp9IiLq-l
nopnaqu ce eep.rraxana'ncj nije-Ceka ca nexou oA;.nviHr{a-Oa*uiy-U?-cfpelaFba
naee,qenrax rr,|epo,qaenrax Bo3!4Jla. 3aruv ce,,. J." raqK,e_:P^e:ce-{i,:"-111Y
xopu3oHralta Ao op4r'rHare, ,aol1 npeAcraBtba BpeAHocr qeHTpa'nHor
nory.npeeHqxa rpoqeHrpr4eire xp-raee. flobrqhy- r€ Bp-eAl-o--cJt4 Ygry o-APeiPla
-6l]it4
aiyrl ABa nonynpeqHl4Ka, a noroM H cBl4 ocranu efleMeHru rpoqeHrpl4qHe
KpnBe.
--l-1oiro1e
h Apyre eapujanre rpoqeHTpr4qHe Kpr4Be. Je.qna og rurax ie ca oAHOCr4Ma
noynplu"r*", R1 : R2:R3 =2:1 :3 ra yrnoBuMasr= 17'5s' p=Y-40s u6=22'5s'

CneAehueneMeHTnoBpur4HcKepacKpcHuqecyocTpBaxojt,ln,laceKaHan!4uly
y.pacKpcHrqh'
cao6pahajnra roKoBl4. OHa no o6nraxy o,qroeapajy nonoxajy
Haleaxnr,ilr,r reorvrerpraicxr'r KopaK npra ocrpBa Je npequ3Ho
.o6nraxoear-uy
reor,,rerpraie Aena ocrpBa xojra je oKpeHyr Ka qeHTpy pacKpcHuqe'
,qe$raHracaite
xoja cxpehy neeo. ,[ucnoeraqnja je
Fbrve ce 4e$raritaLuy npaBqu KperaFba Bosr4na
npr4Ka3aHa na cnraqu 3.12.
 16

R2 [h]

10

Cnuxa 3.11 O,qpefiraear-ue pa4rajyca R2 rpoqeHrpuqHe KpuBe

Cnuxa 3.12 ,Qeraru Bpxa ocrpaa oKpeHyror Ka qeHrpy pacKpcHt'lq

TpaKe y
l4cnpexr,r,qana nr,rnraja Ha cnr4qr4 3.12 npe4craBrba uBrr{y cao6pahaine
KoHraKra rasruely
ol"l"y ni xoiy je epx ocrpaa noMepeH, Aa. ne 6u Aollino
je
Ao
TOqKOBa 14 UBUr{FbaKa, npu cKpeTaFby. oeaj eneMeHT na xonoao3y o3HaLleH

nynou 6enot,t luurajoul (xoprasonranHoM cl4rHarh3aqujou)'

Cnegefrra eneMeHr ocrpBa je 4eo na xoit't B-o3una Hauna3e npu ynacKy y
p".r6""rqy. XopnsouranHou curnanrasaqnjout je HarnauleHo $nsusxo
pas4sajar-ua cMepoBa u roKoBa, ulro ce Moxe BhAerll
na cnraqu 3'13'

+ E
q

_e_
Cnraxa 3.13 Bpx ocrpBa xojuv ce pasgaajajy roKoBt'
aehux
Tpehu enerirenr Queut'rxor pasgeaiarsa cy rpoyraoHa ""tp11 :::l:rHa
pas4eajarua AecHilx
i0.0 m2. osa ce nocraaruajy nprnr4KoM Sust'tvxor
";
cKperaba oA reBux h npaBqa y xoju ce ynr4Ba AecHo cKperaFbe'
Tex uaxon yreplr,rearua cBr4x oBr4x eneMeHara npucryna ce u norpe6a sa
npojexroearuy
pacKpcHrLla. npera xopax
je 4e6vtucar-ue cao6pahajux roKoBa
npoMeHoM npaBlla KperaFba. 3artru ce oApeAM
MepoAaBHo Bo3uno ra 4e$unnuy
reorlaerpujcxe nvHVJe 3a neBa cKperaFba y3 nouoh cKperHr4x ra6apura
ce u
Bo3una. v gaslacHocru oA paHra cao6pahajnraqe' $oruupaiy
"-r;'"'#;;;
MaHunynarilBHe rpaKe 3a neBa cKperaFba, vraja ,qyxrana 3aBrcu o4 cao6pahaine
6poja Bo3r4fla xoia cxpehy neeo' lloepiur'rxe r"ropaiy 6rrn
raxo
""r^", "n"*no goAr4pr4BaFba 6oqnux uB!4qa Bo3r4na' xoja
Ae+!4HncaHe, Aa He 4ofe 4o paAu qerBopoKpaKa pa"1qc"-'n-11
McToBpeMeHo Bpue IeBa cKperaFba, aKo ce
Kog rpoxpaxe pacKpcHr4qe raj xopax ornarqa' l1o saapLuerKy KoHcrpyKl-letle
nr"rj" sa neBa cKperaFba, npucryna ce KoHrpyKq!4ju nuania 3a AecHa cKpeTaFba'
crr4MAaceucnouryJyra6apurHenoBptlluHe3arpoyraoHaocrpBa'aKonpocrop
je ,qe$unucaFbe nyraFba
.&onv[itra. Cne.qehr,r KopaK y KoHcrpyucaFby pacKpcH!4qe
je jegire vereopoKpaKe pacKpcHl4Lle'
;;;t". Ha cntaqu 3.14 npr'rra3aHa cKr4qa

|tl
r\1t
u N-=--=-

[ "(-
lll,
llll
Cnraxa 3.14 Cruqa uereopoKpaKe pacKpcHuqe
68 l1poj e rro e arce rp aAcKt4x yn t4qa

Ha cnraqr,r 3.14 cy npuKa3aHe cat'lo rpafeerancxe nuuuje pacKpcHuqe. Cne4ehu

KopaK y npojexroearuy je uepaga HuBenaquoHor nnaHa, a 3arr4M nocraBlbaFbe
xopu3oHTanHe !4 BeprHKartHe curnannsaqrje.

ti,i\ AvrosvcKA crAJAJll4uJTA

Bpno 6uran rpaleerancxu, a ra cao6paiiajHo-nnaHepcKl,l KopaK je ogpetlraearue
noauquja ayro6ycxrax craHHL{a y ynnqaMa xojutua je npe,qeufeHo KperaFbe
eosuna JFn. Pacroja*e rasruely craHht{a 6u rpe6aro Aa noxpuje ouy
pa3AaJbilHy, xojy'npocevxu neuaK y pasanjeuou cBery He xenr4 Aa npena3u
19&1seu, ]a P39rojarua cy og 400 Ao 600 m, anu H!4KaKo xpaha og 300 m [3].
Vxpu:rarse cao6pahajnurx cMepoBaje uecro na xojeur uajueuhe Aonasu Ao
Jl-f1. 3aro je 6rarxo ,qa ce xonqenqrajcxu
npece4aFL,a nyrHr4Ka xojra xopracre
4o6po oApeAe nosraqraje cranr,rqa JFfl. llocroje rpu rnna noxaquja sa
H.a p-4gKpcir4LlaMa npe npenaxeFba nonpeqHe ynuqe; Aalba,
ciajanuura: 6nnc6a,
Ha pacKpcHnqaMa nocne nperacKa nonpeqHe ynuL{e; M ycpeA 6noxa, claH6enux
r,ilit noinoeHrax o6jexara, Aalbe oA pacxpcnraqe [3].
Ha nosuqrajy crajanraura yrhqy: KoopAunaqu.ia cao6paiajnux crrHara, nyrHr4qKr4
np!4na3 yxruy.ryjyhu r.r uoryhnocr 3a npece.qaFbe nsuely nuauja, ycnoBr,r
ayrouo6uncxor u neuaqKor cao6pahaja Ha pacKpcHt4qaMa u reoverpuja
cKperaFba M 3aycraBrbarua ayro6yca. Ha cnuqra 3.15 cy npuKa3aHe uoryhe
eapnjanre nocraBtbaFba craHuqa y 3oHt4 pacKpcHt4qe y 3aB!4cHocrl,i oA KperaFba
nyTHuKa.

Cnuxa 3.15 Moryhu nonoxajur craHuqa

Ha c54qu 3.15 a) npr4Ka3aH je xopexran nonoxaj crajanraura y oAHocy Ha

KperaFbe nyrHr4Ka xoju npece4ajy il y oAHocy Ha o4rHanu3aqrajy ra nperne4nocr
 ,-
lTpojexroearcu rP

pacKpcHrqe. Ha cnraqra 3'15 6)-ie lpl6qea.ntrenpa?Mfr-t-l-"i:iij :l?,anrura'

'KaKoy norneAy KperaFba nyriraxa--6-oj-ra npegegaly,..t5o" "1-i:a craHoBr4tlra
qe'
eeof p*at a n po xo4 Hocrr'r ca M e p acKp cH !4

"i " ynuqa' rj' usmnux crajanuura'

l-eouerpujcxa peueFba crajanuulra Ayx l4Buqa
eapulanre' KaKo 3a o6uqne
lv-p""Io'nr^u. H" "n,q'
3'16 cy:npraxaeane
ayro6yce, TaKo t4 ga srno6He'
3rno6Hr arovcv AhMeKuj€ cy y M€lpHua

(al npaB hsnc€r, He3a8,cHo o$uebe

i .: ,, I
- 'r,---l MoAenu d xPYroM

lbl npas rgrq*aK, He3asrcao Aond€be

lc) Tecrepafrt eBMqbax, He3astcao

AOnileE , oA^soE

Cnuxa3.l6Bapr,rjarrrereoMeTpHjc}<l4xpeLtjeFbaMBHtlHl4XcrajanrauLra[3]

npocropa'
Vxonuxo ce, e6or norpe6a cao6pafiaja ra oKonHor -npe'qeufia
xao ras,qeoienh npocrop' TaKBa reoMerpuia Je nphKa3aHa
ayio6ycxo crajannu:re
H-a cnraqra 3.17 ga ,qaa ayro6yca y H43y'

30-36 155)

Cnuxa3.'171-eor,,rerpra.iarasgaojesornnnujcxoray"ro6ycxorcrajanrarLlra[3]
y rpagcxe cao6pahaji[aqe cnagajy 14 Beflr4KM ayro6ycxu repMHHycl4 KoJu ce
pasirraryly ra no eyxxqraoHarHoM u no reoMerprajcron o6niaxy. Ha cnraqr4 3.18 je
npr4KasaH je,qax o,q runoBa ayro6ycxux repM!4Hyca'

Cru<a 3.18 AYro6Ycxu TePMHHYc

Ha cnuqn 3.18 a) je npraxasaxa ueMa napanenHe craHnqe ueuefy ,qee

jerqnoclaepHe ynuqe, a no,q 6) napanenHa craHr4lla ca crpaHe ABocMepHe ynnqe'

3.5 NEUAT{KE CTA3E 14 TPOTOAPM

OcHoeHM nojaM n-or'lohy Kora MoXe 4a ce ,qeQranuue neulaeKa cra3a le ra6apuT.
3a npocevuor neuJaKa je yceojena ra6apurna [lHpHHa o4 0.75 m. To snavu 4a je
npberop 3a neuariKy crasy jeAHaK n x 0.75 + 0.50 m, oAHocHo 4oaoruan 6poj
Urra'prana neu.laKa Ca AOAaTHIM 3aulTt4THHI4M OAcTOjaFbeM OA t4Buqe KOnoBOsa.
lloce6Hy naxFby rpe6a noceerHT[ xeHAHKenr4paHr4M yL{ecHHquMa y neuaqKoM
ca66F-ahajy, Kao LUro cy cnene oco6e ur HHBanhAu xoju cy Be3aHu 3a Konhlla.
f'leulaqxe crase rpe6a Aa 6yAy Fbr4Ma npr4narofene raKo Aa ce xpehy ca uTo
 77
l1poj e rcro a a rte rpaAc Kux Yn u qa

MaFbe Hanopa. heu,lFbaxe y 3OHaMa neuaqKfiX npefia3a rpe6a xoncrPy|r'|ca'tl/'

TaKo, Aa o6e nperxo4no HaBeAeHe rpyne yqecH[Ka Mory,qa caenagajy BHchHcKe
pasnraXe rasrt,tehy nellaqKr4x Crasa v KOtloBo3HHX noBptllmHa. TO Ce noctuxe
pa3HMM BapujaHraMa paMnl4. Je4na o4 ruxje npraxasaHa Ha cnuqu 3.19^

0.60 flnxnja Bobuqa

{:-
Fojena noBptxrHa

0.90 0.90 0.90

KonoeogFl4

llonpe,lHh npeceK
Cnraxa 3.19 Pauna 3a caBnagaBaFbe AeHuBenaquje usuely rporoapa u
KOTOBO3He noBpljJrHe Ha neuiaqKoM npena3y

Moryha le ra eapujaHra xojot',t je KonoBo3Ha noBptllnHa noBe3aHa paMnoM ca

rporoapoM, Luro je noeolsnuje 3a ilHBannAcKa xonuqa jep He r43a3!4Ba
nocKaKuBaFbe.

Cnuxa 3.20 Koxrunyanna pauna

Ha cnraqr,r 3.21 np!4Ka3aH je neu.lavxu npena3 rr,ro4raSuxoeax sa norpe6e

r4HBanr4Aa Be3aHux 3a Kofll4Lia u cnenhx ruygu. JMnuje aoluqe ucnpeA M M3a
paMne cBojoM 4pyxvrajorrl reKcrypoM ynosopaeajy xeHA[KenfiPaHe oco6e Aa ce
Hara3e y 3oHr4 neluar]Kor npefla3a. hcrr cucreu, Apyxsuje reKcrype, Kopt4cTu ce
y cperquHr4 neuaqKe crase. Fbou ce KopHcTe cflenH JbyAt4, iep ux ona HaBoAu Aa
ce xpehy no cpeplhHr4 rporoapcKe noBptlhHe, AoBoJbHo AaneKo oA l4Bl4Lle
Tporoapa u KonoBo3He noBplrlMHe, uro 3a TaKBe KOpt4CHUKe neuaqKux cTa3a
npeAcraBJba o4creM 6es6e,qnocru.

n -l
l--_-*._

Cnrra 3.21 fleuaqxu npena3 (A - ynas y 3rpaAy, F - nranraje eofiuqe' l-l -

Cao6pahajrna curHar ca KoMaHAHona ra6not',l)

3.6 Et4LlnKnHcTHqKE CTA3E

Eraqraxnov t!1ory 6urra peueHe, Ha naK navrau, pacryhe norpe6e rpaHcnopra y
yp6anrarr,r cpeAr4HaMa. Mefiyruu, rpe6a Ha npaBu HaqfiH pa3yMeru hberoBe
ruoryhnocrra y 6y4yherrl nflaHupaFby cao6pahaja. Sraqraxnou ce Moxe nyroBaru Ao
uJKone, KoneUa, $axylrera, BenHKfix nocnoBHr4x qeHTapa' peKpeaquoHHx
qeHrapa. Oea Bpcra nyroBaFba y cBaKoM cnyvajy saBucl4 oA MHorl4x
npoMeHtbr4BHx qrrHunaqa: TMna Hacerba, BpcTa AenaTHocTt4 KOie Cy Ha
pacnonaraFby, ronorpa$cxr,rx Saxropa H BpeMeHcKHX ycnoBa.
6uquxnucruvKe cra3e cy noAeJbeHe Ha:
- Knacy I xojy vrane 6uqrarnracru'lKe cra3e xoje cy y nornyHocru Quenvxu
o4eojene oA MoropHor cao6pahaja, a rsr4xoBo nyrHo 3eMtbhLure ce
Hana3r,4 y 3oHu peryflaqraje qene cao6pahajxraqe
- Knacy ll xojy vraHe 6nquxnracruvKe cra3e xoje ce Hara3e na xonoaosxoj
noepurarna, arv cy oA MoropHor cao6pahaja opeojene 6ojenutt
MaprepnMa ranra nranujot',t y 6ojtt
- Knacy lll xojy vraHe 6uqraxrucrl4qKe craee xoje Aene KonoBo3Hy
noBpuJ14Hy ca MoropHr4M Bo3r4nr4Ma u o6enexeae cy jeguuo Beprr4KanHnM
curHanuMa
Behr,+ra 6nqurnuCru.rKyx CTa3a nphnaAa, I43 npaKT!4rlHyx pa3nora, xnaoa ll. V
LlHBun!4soBaHuM 3eMtbaMa, 6uquxnucrn cy cao6pahajnuu nponHcl4Ma
3aulruheH14, Kao yqecHhtlM y cao6pafiajy.
Ha cnraqra 3.22 cy npuKa3aHe 6raqraxnncrutvKe crase y oKBt4py cao6pahainrqa
sa
MOTOpHa BO3hna.

a) Knaca I

. neLUacKa
HBnqHa I npo"erro,aaa
] aeocMepsal li; nPoMeHtbtrBa I

mqe g:o--aoof,unPtanavnYqE1

ffi'*"
6) Knaca il B) Knaca lll

n"lururllP"*ul npot"",t,'"' n"L"u, naPKuHr nPOuexrunAa

@
J

' t.5o - LrlilPrHa Ynrqe

I

1 50 - t.go Bo3Ha TPaKa

1 .80 1.80

C nuxa 3.22 Knace 6rquxnucrl4qKHX cra3a

/
BenuquHa ra6apl4ra 3a 6uquKnucry je 0.60 x 2.25 m, a ra6apt r 6uqnxnrcrusxe
clase jd1 .O0-xZ.5U-in.
)
/x),
/W: / "-'*r'
':{rrr
nAPKt4PAilM[lTA
Jeian oR BehMX npo6neMa cBaKor rpaAa je npocrop 3a napKupaFbe nyrHl4qKux
ayToMo6r4na. V pasarajenrav 3eMtbaMa Baxr'l npMHL{r4n Aa ce Ao rpafloBa Aona34
*onr"" xoja 6raeajy ocTaBJbaHa Ha Benr4KhM napKuHr npocTophMa no o6orqy
rpaAa, a oAarne Aa ce Kopr4cTr,r Jl-l-'l - ur4HcKl4 HnM ayro6ycKl4 14 rponei6ycKl4"
tvteiyrrar'l, Hacnebe eeier 6poja rpaAoBa AHKrhpa 4pyxsnje ycnoBe - AoJla3aK
KOnr4Ma AO parqHor MecTa Koje ce Hana3H y HeKOM OA nOCnOBHT4X qeHTapa rparqa.
Ta, nacnefena HenoToAHocr, AoBoAl4 Ao crBapaFba BenuKux lYx.eu y BptllHllM
nepHoAHMa, a caMHM TMM t4 npo6ner,]|a napKHpaFba BenfiKor 6poja eosrana' Ha
AO
xoju xa.run raj npo6nertl uoxe 6uru peLueu?
,"!_T oO npeeasraf enux HaqhHa je uButlHo napKhpaFbe:
lgrylo-9lr4x'q4u
- napanenHo uBl4t{FbaKy, cnuxa 3.23
- noflyrno,r,,r o,q 22.5', 30",45'' 60o u 90o, cnnxa3'24'
7 I

74 llPoiexroea*e rPaqcxux Ynuqa

t4B14r{FbaK

i-- 6.25 i
6.70
MBHqIbAK

Cnraxa 3.23 flapaneno napxraparse [5]

n= !j97e

!-6.75 -l- 6.75 _r- 6.75 ,.i

--6.7s 919-- r"r"or*
50

hBnvbaK
,- 0.85

Ls.oo-!e.oo;e.s6-l- 3 66.! 'i 2'05

tlBt4qtbaK

'' - 3-66

i 300, 300, 3.00, 3.00 12.00

---.-----l---1-, hBuqbaK

, -.2.00
^- 3.00

N = 6poj Mefra
,2.60 , L = Ayr{sHa naPKrar nPOCIoPa

N=_L
f,ln\NiH I
L_
2.60

Cnuxa3.24 Bapujanre Kocor napKupaFba [5]

 7E
llpoj e xro e a rce rp aA cKux Yn u qa /J

ca cranoeuLura 6ea6e4nocrr4, napaJlenHo napK!4parue je n4verul'.1 o6n1tx

il-Bu.lxOr napKupaFba. llapxraparte noA yrnoM, naK, oMoryhaBa Behu Opol napKMHr
napKr4paFba, a-tltr oHo say3uMa sehy noepruuuy u
Uqcra oA napalreJrHgr {B]4tllor.
nu:lye leg:i,",P "A :":9p1l1lT lp3Ke
MebvrHM, V AaHarlFbe gpqMe ql lMePecai!I!1!1i,9 ,uoryhuocr"!4--napxnpaFba Ha
anoso4rrr noBprluHaMa, anu y BHrL.te Hr4Boa. To rasracxyje usrpafuearue
"oi'rr1,
BMtrecnpaTHr4x, .Uni
na4ser,,r-nrax nO,qSertrxrax o6jexara xojra r'lory
."npOryTaTU"
egl,rtif!'qpo1 1111trr*54x eglr'rna' Taxera o6ejxru Mory 6uru usrpafie+u vnu y
e6iaH,ra rpToBI4HcKhx rleurapa MJ'l14 y 3oHaMa nocnoBHt4x o6eixara'

Ha cnrqra 3.25 je npilKa3aHa 4racnosraqraja noryhux MoAynapHux

pelleFba npu
pa3'l HL{r4THM yrnoBuM a napKr4pal6a Ha BenhKhM nap KUH 3l'4M4.

Cnraxa 3. 25,Qra cnosraqraia n apxrapanraLura [6]

Mo4ynapne 4rar',resraje, xoje oproeapajy 4racnosraqraju ca cnraxe 3.25 cy:

Ha cnt4ul,l 45' 600 75' 90"

A 3.90 3.20 2.85 2.75
B 7.65 6.70 6.00 5.65
c E CE 5.80 5.65
D 3.70 4-90 7.00 7.95
E 4.70 5.35 5.75 5.65
o F 13.70 16.00 18.70 19.20
s 13.00 15.60 18.60 '1
9.20
G
6) H 13.00 I5.JU 17.90 18.50
E
sq I 0.60 0.70 0.76 0.76
J 1.90 0.85 0.15 0_00
I Etr 0.00
K 3.40 2.55
L 4.30 4.30 4.30 4.30
7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30
76 llPoieKrosa*e rPaAcrux Ynuqa

llapxrnr npocropu trlory 6urn u cle4eher,. o6nuxa. yKonuKo cy HaMeFbeHu

KpaTKoM 3aApxaBaFby Kopr,lcH!4Ka, To cy o6jexru xoiu ce Halase y 6nusunu
TpxHr4x qeHTapa. Ha cnrarlra 3-26 cy npuKa3aHa ABa raKBa runa napKuHra Ha
racroj noBptltuHt4. flpnra ca KanaqilreroM o,q 91 uecra (a), a Apyru ca
KanaqMTeroM o4 '1 10 r"recra (6).

r-T_l
(!

rllll E
sj

lll
sq

ffin
c)

t_]__]

Cnura 3.26 Bracoxo$peKBeHrHt4 napKHHr npocropu [6]

llapxnur npocropr4 uory 6urr/l !4 Bl4LljeeraxHra. Hajnoro4lrn.in o6nrx raKBOr
napKuHr npocTopa cy noA3eMHe napKhHf rapaxe, ucno,q crattl6eHhx M nocnoBHt4x
o6jerara. ;lapxunr MecTa cy At/MeH3r4oHt4cara Ha McTr4 HaquH Kao u napKilHr
MecTa Ha oTBopeHuM napKhpaflu[uTrar"ra. Tpe6a je.qnno BoAMTt4o/o. paqyHa o
Haru6r4Ma y3nasHo-cuna3HHx paMnu, xoju ne d',lejy 6rarr,r BehH oA 12 wupune
npaBuxpaMnucy2.TSm,ayKpI4BI4HH5m.Maxcut*,tanHoBMTonepeFbepaMnuy
xpueuau je 4"h.
l-apaxe uory 6uru u MexaHlrqKe. lloruohy xhApaynuqHux.nuQroaa ayroMo6rnu
6raeaiy nocriBrbaHil Ha napKhHr Mecra. OBai l4n rapa)<a
je aeoua e$uxacaH sa
een"xta 6poj eosrana xa jegxot'l Mecry, a Ha penaruBHo ManoJ noBp[ll4Hu
3eMJb!4tJTa. E6exat outreherua Bo3una je enuvutnucan,
jep Bo3aqr4 He Bpue
MaHeBpucaFbe y napKr4Hr npocropy, eeh npegajy Kona u K'rbyqeBe oneparepy'
36or rora, t,reiasuqxe rapaxe $yHxqraoHrauy ca Manr4M 6pojeu 3anocneHux
paAHMKa.

3.8 KOHqEnT vM14PEFbA CAOEPAEAJA

Oauu xonqenroM cy o6yxeahena nocneAFba ABa rr4na rpagcKt4x ynhLla;
. npucrynHe ynraqe I pe4a
. nphcrynHe ynMqe ll pe4a
fipracrynHe ynr,rqe I - l) cy one y xojrarr.la je y ruupranra perynaqraje
pe4a (l-lv
o6y*"ih"* ABocMepHu KonoBo3, ynpaBHo napKupaFbe il rpoToapr4 ca o6e crpaHe
KonoBo3a, a ys crau6ene o6jexre' Kapar<repucruKa oBor rHna ynnLla cy Mare
6psur-re Bo3r4na u qecro cMtlllaFbe nonpeqHor npoQuna y oAHocy Ha ocoBt4Hy'
Taxeo eolen e Tpace, y3 nocTaBJbarue nexehux nonuqajaqa, He Ao3BOJbaBa
eefie 6psune o4 30 km/h. Ha cnuqn 3.27 ie np!4Ka3aH nonpeqHr4 npo+un
npr4crynHe ynraqe I Pe,qa.

Cnuxa3.27 [lpracrynna ynrqa I pega

flpracrynxe ynraqell pe,qa (l-lV - ll), ea pa3nuKy og l1V - l, HeMajy AeHuBenucaHe

noBpuruHe KotloBo3a, napK[Hra u rporoapa' OcHoeHu KoHqenr je 4a ce cBe rpu
noBpur4He Hana3e y jeAnov H!4Boy, Kao ulro .ie npfiKa3aHo Ha cnuqu 3'28'
78 W

Cnraxa 3.28 lipracrynHa ynhqa ll pe4a

v oeou paHry yfluqa, AoM[HaHrHy ynory rar,,rajy neulaqr. llyrnuvxra ayrouo6unu

unH naKa TepeTHa Bo3r4na ry 3ana3e je4uHo paAu napKuHr Mecra ucnpeA
crau6enux o6jexara, oAHocHo paAr/t cenrag6n. Taxole, ra6apuruo peueFbe MOpa
Aa 3arqoBoJbu 3axTeBe KOMyHaJlHr4x u BaTporacHr4x Bo3hna. l-Llro ce ,qraveneujay
napKrHr MecTa ruqe, oHe cy ncTe Kao ga eeh HaBeAeHe napKr4Hr npocTope
nornaBrby 3.7. LLlraprane KoIoBo3Hr4x noBpuJuHa 14 Tporoapa Mopqy oAroBaparu
MoAynapHHM Ben!4\lr4HaMa, xoje cy rarofe panuje o6jaLurueHe.

JIIzITEPATYPA:

11 I ASSHTO (American Association ot state Highway and Transportation

Officials), "A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets",
Washington, DC, 1994.
,r2l Cno6o4aH Kouruh, l-eogesraja, V ue,qarse, Hay'lna KFbura, 6eorpa'q 1987.

t3] ByxaH P. Byvrah, Jaenu l-pagcxr [lpeeos, Hayvna K]-br4ra, 6eorpa.q 1987.

14) JASON C. YU, Transporlation Engineering - lntroduction to planning, design,

and operations, 1982 by Elsevier North Holland, lnc.

l5l Homburger, W.S., and Kell, J.H', '1981 ' Fundamentals ol Traffic
Engineering, tenth Edition, Berkeley, CA: lnstitute of Transportation
Studies.

i6l Parking Principles. Highway Research Board, 1971. special report 125.
Washington, DC.
4
AEPOflPOMH

4.1 vBoR
l-lojarr,t aerjaqraje ro,qr'rHa' Hacrao je noverxou ABarqeceror
ie crap cBera 100
BeKa, nocne npBor neTa 6pahe Pajr (orville Wright, Wilbur Wright) 1903. rogrne
nopeA Mecra Krarra Xoyx (Kitty Hawk) y Ceeepnoj Kaponnnr'
l-lpar aepo'qp"Yl
:l
6nnu na rpaBHarrM nrBaAaMa, anu xacHrjuv paeenjarueM aBHol4HAycrpilJe
je norpe6a; y roArHaMa npe Apyror cBercKor para' Aa ce ca nuBa4a
(air{ields), npele xa MoAepHe KonoBo3He noBpulrHe ca cBtaM norpe6Hut"t
"uatun"
nparenrarra o61"*tr"a. Moxeuo Ka3arm 4a
je npaea oparxrasarlraja r MacoBHa
h3rpaaFba Ba3AylllHt4x nyKa, aepoApor"ra (airports), novena HenocpeAHo nocne
para, MacoBnnu paseojev nyrHuHKor
Luro gehe
aeraocao6pahE"
pa3AarbhHe'
I t-el*:lje no4araK
14xrepecauraH
Au 1"-:1yl:
Aa Je
xpate BpeMe casnagajy
"lg3g.rograneperracrpoearro4.5Mr4nHoHanyTHnKa,xojracyKopl4cTilnuaBnoHe
Kao npeBo3HO CpeAcTBO.
Ha KonHy nnil
ilperua Ar-rexcy 14 hKAO (ICAO), aepoApoM je o4pefeHa noBpl'IrhHa je
rncranaqrje M onpeMy, a HaMeHreHa y qennnu
eo,qra roja o6yxaara 3rpage,
hnh AenoM: cneTaFby, y3fleTaFby H KpeTaFby aBroHa'

Cyu.irnncxu, aepoApoMr'l cy o6jexrN xojra cnyxe :" 94?'ia*9,- ^!uleV**o'

cao6pahaja Ha 3eMJ"bt4.
4.2 KATETOPn3AqHJA AEPOAPOMA
llpertra HaMeHu, aepoApoMl4 cy noAerbeHh Ha:

r L{t4Br4flH€ aepoApoMe r ro 3a JaBHr Ba3AyulHil cao6pahaj, cnoprcKo-

rypl4,cffiqKe noipe6e, neraqKy o6yKy t4 norbonp?BleAxy aerajaqrjy
. aojid'aepqAporyle xojra cy,lqveruqirl4 caMo_3a eojHe norpe6e
I M€iuJoBt4re aepoApoMe xojra cy y cylIJrl4HI4 B9jHt4 aepoApoMt4,
anil cy y
onfleberloru o6 rar'ly H aMeFbeH 14 qre rn nov cao6pahajy

Mefyriapo4rroql4BHnHoyApyxeFbeaenjarrsapa(lnternationalCivilAviation
npeMa
Organization ICAO) je, y cBoM AHexcy 14, aepo4poMe Kareropn3oBano
cTeneHy onpeMtbeHocru 3a cneraFbe aBnoHa'
aepoApoMl4 Mory
l.iper,ila onpeMrbeHocTr4 nofleTHo cneTHrX crasa TICC (runways),
6rarn xopNiuheHn sa Bh3yenHo (HerancrpynreuranHo) cneTaFbe il nHCTpyMeHraflHo
cneraFbe. Oryq511 59t"!op"."qr{e vnn-e KoAHr4 6poj ra KoAHo cnoPo 5:ryy
opE"" osiaveia pe{iepeirna AyxhHa nope6Hgq1l3n"]1:" MepoAaBHor'
1e
a'erioia, a KoAHl4M cl9_g9lv p39l9l1 ltph!,a u pacnoH cnorujt-e !4-9-Ige cnotbFber
fo.{Ra-crajHoi'tpqna_q,gpo-a,a;-[9f aB]4oHA- V ra6enra 1
je npHxasaH pacnopeA
xffirax 6pojeea il KoAHl4x cnoBa.

KoaHn enevenr 1 KoAnn enevenr 2

Kogxm Pe$epenrua AYxuHa Kogr-ro Pacnog cnoJ'bFber
Pacnox xpnna ro.rxa craitor rPana
6ooi 3a noneTaFbe cnoBo
,qo 15 m, anH He ,qo 4.5 m, anu ne
1 xpaia o4 800 m A vxftv..rvivht4 15 m vxruvevjyhu 4.5 m
og 800 m ,qo 1200 m, o,q 15 m go 24 m, o4 4.5 m go 6,0 m,
2 anr4 He yxruYvYjYhn B anr,lre yxruyvyjYhn anu He yrruYvY.lYhu
1200 m 24m 6.0 m
o,q 1200 m ,qo 1800 m, op,24 m,qo 36 m, o,q 6.0 m ,qo 9.0 m,
3 anu He yxruYvYiYhu c anr,l-re yxruyvyjYhr anr4 He yrruy.tYjYiu
1800 m 36m 9.0 m
o436m4o52m, o,q 9.0 m go 14.0 m,
4 1800 m h nPeKo D anulre yxruyvYiYhtt anu He yrruYuYjYhu
52m 14.0 m
o4 52 m ,qo 65 m, o4 9.0 m Ao 14.0 m,
E anu He yxruyvyj5fru anr4 He yxruYrYjYhu
65m 14.0 m

Toe6a hcrahr aa no.avxHh HarH6. xog l-lCC ca KoAHt4M 6pojev 3 u 4 rsHocr

p,o

f 7;" -Oa' fiCC K.AHNM 6pojev 1 u 2 go 2'k. Mrruruannra palruyc

"i
@_Ron-ROCcaKoAHt4M6pojer',r4je30000m,caKoAHl4M
6pojerra 3 je 15000 m 14 m' llpoueua noAyxHor
ca KoAHhM 6pojer"r 1 u 2ie 7500
narvt6aje Ao 1.5% xoA [-lcc ca KoAHl4M 6pojev 3 v 4, azok KoA t-lcc ca KoAHI4M
6pojev 1n 2.
Aeooapouu

4,3 3AIIJTHEEHE 3OHE AEPOAPOMA

Aa6ra6nnoouoryheHocurypHoMaHeBpncaFbeaBhoHa-y3oHt4aepoApoMa'
l"*tOe"o i" ,qeqranracarrat aas,qyr:nta npocrop y .19y" .l:t" $nervxnx
sone orpaHu'rersa yrspleHe cy
ilil';;ffi; ,", ;",rjt;;*"* np"np6xu'
je
t"1orpe6r-re
orpa'.r"eHa AO3BorbeHa BncfiHa O6jexara
y 3OHI4
cHcTeMoM nOBpUlhHa xOjuvra
u*pogpot". Te noepu.rraHe cy nprKa3ane na cnrrlr '1
:

npena3Ha noBpt!hHa

nPqna3Ha nOBPuHa

l"lpecex B-B

Cnrxa 1. 3arL:rraheHe 3oHe aepoApoMa

conical - transitional - npena3Ha noBpl,!HHa, strlp
KOHyCHa noBprlll4Ha,
cr4rypHocHa noBplJJrHa, approach - npnna3Ha noBpt!hHa, inner approach -
yHyTpauJr-ba npnna3Ha noBprll4Ha, inner horizontal - yxyrpaluFba xopl43oHTanHa
noBprIJhHa, take-off climb - y3nerHa noBpl'IluHa'

nprnaena noBpu.JHHa (approach) je savuulrueHa noBp[.ll4Ha 3a chrypHo cneraFbe

paBHh noA yrnoM y
aB!4OHa u cacroju ce rs je,qne paBHV vnv xonr6ranaqnje ABe
oAHOCy Ha rno rcnpeA noneTHo cnerHe cTa3e'
venerHa noBpr.lJMHa (take-ofi climb) je 3aMrutbeHa noBptllxHa 3a cilrypHo
y3nerabe aBr4oHa ra r,ili,ra ogpefeHe KoHType'
VHyrpaulrua xopt43oHranHa noBptllHHa (inner horizontal)
je 3aMnlurbeHa KpyxHa
raqKe aepoAporua' je ogpefena peneBaHrHa
no"prr*u t43HaA peSepeHrne Fbotvt
BHCr4Ha H3HaA xoje uoxe 6ylrr rsee,qeH cnrypaH MaHeBap aBroHa y Kpyry r3HaA
aepoApoMa.
paBHu'
KonycHa noBpttlhHa (conical) je npenasna noBpulrHa xopH3oHranHe
crpaHe
npenasHa noBprrjilHa (transitional) je 6ovHa noBptLlhHa norq xarn6ov c o6e
Ao Br4cuHe yHyrpalrlH'e
nCC, a H3BaH xpajeaa chrypHocHe noBplrlhHe
xopH3oHTanHe noBprrjHHe. Harra6 npena3He noBplll[He SaBVCV oA
Kareropta3allrj e aePo4Pot'r a.
3a orpaHrqeFbe npenpeKa KoA
Ha cnuqra 2 cy npuxa3aHe AOAaTHe noBplLlt4
aepoApoMacanpeqn3HHMt4HcTpyMeHTanH14MnoneTHocneTHI4McTa3aMa.

ft
It
, r-- ,11| i^l

I yHyDuba noenala rcBpuu{a --_-..i I I

*+"*""re."v:t"*]z{{
L
Lt- ,Hrpaurarcena:
-

nI)@K g-B

cnnxa 2" logarne noBpr!14 ca npeqr3HHM t4HCTpyMeHTanHnM cneTal'beM

 AQ
AepoApouu
- yHyrpauFba
inner approach - ynyrpaLuFba nprna3Ha noBptunHa, inner transitional
cnerahbe
npena3Ha noBpu:nHa, balked landing - noepl'!hHa 3a npeKrHyro

Vra6enralcynpHKa3aHeKapaKTephcTr4qHe4uvensnjenprna3HHxnoBptuhHa
npeMa KoAHoM 6PojY aePo'qPoua
Ta6ena 1
npeL{H3aH npnna3
KaTeropHJe
HehHcTpylreHTanHo HenPeqn3aH nphna3
KoAHn 6poj KoaH14 6poi lln
I ilt

2 1.2 A 1.2
xo4xr 6poj '1

l-ioBpurHa 14

,qrvexsr.tje"

KOHYCHA

5 5 5 5
xarr6 (%) 5 5 5

60 75 100 60 100 100

encrra (m) 35 75 100

YHYTPALIII-bA
XOPI43OHTMHA

45 45 45 45
BhcrHa (m) 45 45

4000 3500 4000 4000 3500 4000 4000

nonynpevxrx (m) 2000 2500 4000

YHYTPAL].Ii.bA
NPhJIA3HA
90 120
unphHa (m)

oAcrojabe oA 60 60 60
npara (m)
900 900 900
AyxrHa (m)
2.5 2 2
HaM6 ('k)

NPhNA3HA

AyxnHa '150 t3u 300 300

yHlTpaube hBhqe 60 80 150 i5u 300 300
lm\
oAcTojabe oA 60 bU 60 bU 60 60 bU 60
30 60
npara (m)
0oqHa t5 15
10 10 10 10 15 t3 l3
guaeprexqnja ca
o6e croaxe {7o)

nPBA IEOHI4uA

2500 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000

buu 2500 3000 3000
.qyxHHa (m) I

2 2 2 2
naru6 (%) 5 4 2.5
 Aeooapouu
84

ocr4M axo 4pyxvraje Huje xasna'rex

" Cee guuexeraje cy vepexe xopl43oHTanHo noxe 6rrn xopr43oHranHa r43a rallKe y KoJoJ
n;;#;;;;" nv*,,. (npr4na3Ha noBpuhHa
'
ie 2.5'/" nPeCevHra Harr'r6)
q
Pacrojarue go xpaja o4rypHocHe noBpllluHe
A !4nil Kpaj flCC xo.ir,r.ie xPahr

npeAcraaruajy y
[a 6ra naKuJe6nno yoveno [Jra saurrrhene 3oHe aepoApoMa
ce BhAerH 3' Ha xojoj !e npraxaeama cKhlla
npocropHoM cMhcny, Moxe ryl-c-nt4l{t4
gau:rrhenrx ,o"u c" ,qae I]CC, og xojrax je jegna onpeM'beHa 3au
"*fogpo"au noneraFbe' a Apyra 3a Bh3yenHo cj-leraFbe
rlHcrpyMeHTanHo CneraFbe
nonerabe (xerancrpyruenranHo)'
 85
Aeooapoun
''.r

ncc

\'\
Hail6 2.5 %_\

xcpr3oHlarc n€plJHa
h
\\ 4000

Cnnxa 3. 3au:rrhene 3oHe aepoApoMa ca ,qee [lCC

4.4 TEOMETPI4JA AEPOAPOMA

l-eoruerpraja l-lCC ra pynHrx cra3a, xao n nnarQopMl4
crajanrr 4eQraHracaHa je
t4

npeMa MepoAaBHoM aBroHy sa o,qpefeHra aepoApoM' ls6op MepoAaBHor aBI4oHa

3aBHcl4oAyKynHecnrKeqilrbHrxnyToBaFbarao6nacrraxojyaepo4por'arpe6a4a
noxpnje.
oanoplr xojt[ryy Ha AyxtlHy flCC cy cne,qehu:

' x4Pa[-T-9p-l4cTI4Ke \ilepoAaBHOr aBuOHa

. BpgMeHcKl4 yctloBl4, Hapocl4ro Berap r reMneparypa
o KonoBo3He noBptllnHe
KapaKTeprcTuKe l-lcc ca cTaHoBuuJTa Harn6a n
. Hef"MopcKa B14c14Ha' ronorpaSnja
SaKropl4 noraqraje aepo4poMa,
oKoflHor npocropa, e$exl'r 6apoMerapcKor npilrncKa
o6aeesHe,qravensuje3a3aycTaBrbaFbe,npoAyxeTaKcTa3e3a3aycTaB'baFbeu 3a
aBhoHy
ynorpe6y noMepeHor npara I-1-CC cy o4pelexe npeMa MepoAaBHoM
'ce rnx cy:
xolra npojexryje aepoApoM. ,[e$ranrqrje ApKHHa

. TOPA (TORA - take-oft run available) ie nponrcaHa Ayx(taHa norPe6na

sa 6es6e4an 3aner M noneraFbe
. TOAA (TODA - take-off distance available) je gyxrana norPe6Ha sa
(clearwaY),
nonerabe ra joLu 4o,qarH!4 npoAyxeraK 3a 3aycraBrbaFbe
axo je nPe4eralen
je
. ncAn (ASDA -'accelerate stop distance available) 4yxrana norpe6na
3a 3aycraBrbaFbe aBHOHa npfi HeycnenoM noneTaFby
.IIAA(LDA.landingdistanceavailable)je4yxrarrallCCnorpe6nasa
6es6e4Ho cnyUraFbe aBiloHa
Ha cnuqu 4 cy nprKa3aHe HaBeAeHe o6aeesHe 4yxraHe [lCC'
 D F:=-----l
I
F--l?3i-- ron^ I
IF-- l---t-^ '"'---]
TOoa
----i

. ---l=;l I I_-LDA
ToB^
rroRAll l--
!-- rocA--------l
liAl i
l---
I
asD,
TOOI
A:-^-

Cnraxa 4. O6aaesHe AYXt4He nCC

Ha
Ha cnrqn 5 cy npnxasaHe cKrqe Ha KojrMa ce oApebyjy o6aBe3He AyxhHe
nphMepy ABe ncc.
>f p :f
!-

. 3auffTHa cTa3a

ncc
td0
t tt0 t !00

Cnnxa 5. [lpraxas o6aBe3Hhx Ayxt4Ha nCC

v ra6enn 2 cy npraxaeaHe [!r4phHe l-lcc nper'.la KoAHoM cnoBy t4 KoAHoM 6pojy.

Ta6ena2
Kognvr 6poj Ko4lro cnoBo
A B c D E
'18 m '18 m 23m
1"
2" 23m 23m 30m
3 30m 30m 30m 45m
4 45m 45m 45m

llJrpuna flCC ca npeqH3Ht4M nphna3oM He 6H CMena Aa 6yAe MaFba oA 30 m sa

KoAHh6poj1u2.
V ra6enra 3 cy npuxasaHe AhMeH3hje pynHilx cra3a PC:
 87
Aeooaootrrn

a6ena 3.
Ohguqxe Ko,qno cnoeo
KaoaKTep14cT14Ke E
A B c D
18" 23\ 23
MHH. lllt'lPuHa KOnOBO3a 7.5 156 184
(m) 44
z? JtJ
ot OQ
eo

cHrypHOCHa 30Ha noA 25 Cq DO M

22

urafr nO O4CTO jan'e 4.5

rrr rA H ra
tcR 4.5
l-J
oA cnorbHe rB!4qe Tpana J
ao r.rer,lqe PC (m) lr

MnnrualHo Pacroiait'e
Msrueby ocoeraHe PC !a:
,r I
ocoBhHe
rancrpYruexranne flCC aa
KoAHr4 6Poj 1 82.5
oo < a1
<o,qnra 6Poi 2 176
168
xo4nra 6Poi 3 176 182_5
KoAHt4 6poi 4
OCOBHHE
Her HcrpyMeHrarn e l-lCC
KoAHt4 6poj 1
3Z
xo,qnra 6Poj 2 101
93
xo4nu 6Poj 3 101 107.5
KoaHt4 6poj 4 bb.a 80
23.75 44

21.5 26 40.5
Dae /m\ 16.25

aBnoHa Ha sexaruY (m)

12 16.5 24.s I 36 42.5
t!
MKac6MaJlH14 noAyxHM
narra6r'r PC: . 1 :: I
1-5
J J 1.5

nnoMeHa xarv6a (%)/(m) 1125 1125 ilso I t lso 1/30

MaKcHManHu nonpeqHh
Haru6: 1.5
2 I-3

HarHyrHX AenoBa 2.5 2.5

o
3auirl4THe 3oHe Ha lope
/o/ \
| /o,

HarHyrt{x AenoBa 5
A 5
3a$TUTHe 3oHe Ha Aone
("/"\
3000 3000 3000
M14HtlMaJlHt4 PaAhjYc 2500 2500
BeDl4KarHe xPraerane (m) 300 ca
150 ca 200 ca 300 ca
300 ca BhchHe oA Bl4CtlHe oA
M14H!4MaJlHa AyxuHa Bhcl4He oA BHCl4He oA
encltne og 3 J
nperne.qnocrra (m) 1.3 2 J

"PCxojyiexopucrllruaBHoHl4capacro.iarueuxa6ugeoAcpeAu[lTacrajrrorTpana>18
rpana < 18
fec *o1y he xopncrurr aBr4oHM ca pacrojar-uer,.l xa6uue oA cpeAurlra crajnor
m.
a-

Aeooqpouu
gg
cnotbHl4M pacnoHoM crajHor
rpana > 9 m
q
PC Kojy he xoprcrrrr aBuoHl4 crajnor rpana < 9 m'
p PC Kojy he xopucrnrr aBuoHt4 cnorbHuM pacnoHoM
pc crojra na jesHoi PC'
" ;;;;il; gpv,e oi-""'o*u Koiu Beh
nprcraHruHl4x
Ha crrL{u 6 cy nphKa3aHH Moryhh HaqnHI4 Soprraraparua
nnarQoPtuu.

a) npocr KoHqenr

€ s
F
rt
s$esggggssgg

q gapriaquJe
6) JMBeapHu KoHqenr teroee

^e $^ $qe
.s/6$' Er( )E3
dxs
ElllE3
ErllES
--1. J--l-
4) Koxqenr "carener'
q) Korqenr ''qlhHrep"

lrr Eii
Irl

\tt r:l
i..i I

.$7'q" "gq"
l1-_
",ffi", ---------
O) KoHqenr 'xr6Pu4''

nnar$opt'ru
Cnu xa 6' Bapraiaqrale npHcraHuulnrx

BenNqnnennaroa3aB[ceo,qcnegehrxnapaMerapa:
 89
Aepo#pottu
.Be'luqfiHeuMaHeBapcxnxoco6uHaaBnoHaeaxojejenpojerroeana
nnarSoPt'la
. o6HMa cao6Pahaja na nnarSoPvu
. 3axreBanor cno60,qnor npocropa
r H?tHHa np!4nacKa oAnacKa aBr4oHa ca nnarsopve
r
r KOMfio3l4qraje uenaenrx nyHKTOBa r43
TepMhHafla
. 3axTeBa 3a oncnyxrBaFbeM aBnoHa
r plnHrx cra3a il cepBilcHHX cao6pahajnuqa
KoMe je npe'qsufeHo Aa aBnoHH
Ha xpajy cKopo cBaKe FICC nocrojr4 Mecro Ha
g" o.noOogra flCC' To je nosraqraja sexarua (holding bay)' Ha
cnnqu
cavexyjy
z :"
""je,qan npl4Mep nosraqraje lteKaFba 3a
'qBa
6-7 47 '

"6i"it"n

z
\

ENRA TAIWAY WiOTH

Cnnxa 7. I-losnqnja eeKaFba

 AePoAPouu
gO
4.s cHl-HAJlt43AqhJA
aBuoHa' KaKo Ha
Beova 6rarny ynory y 4e$r'rxncaFby npocropl^t1.,fp"tuFbe
cfirHaflil3aLll4je'
nr4cTaMa raKO il y Ba3Ayxy I4Ma cficreM

Haauraquouncr4cTeMucnyxesaeo|erueaBt4oHaToKoMneTau3HaABoAe,KonHa
HaBuraqiloHra ypefaj je BOP (VOR
v,y 6nvsnanu"po4po"u' hajerarajHrajn raxaexojia iuarue paAno crrHane y cBr4M
- Very-Highrr"qrun"y-O*ni'ung" Sialgn) Kypc xoint"l nerr
npaeLlhMa. Ceaxr raKaB cnrHan 9-" :tT"ra Ha o4peleHM
ogpefexra aBuoH. 3a uepeite ogcrojarua
cnyxr onpeMa noA Ha3hBoM EME (DME
HHcrannparn y 6nusmnra BOP-
Distance-Measuring Equipment) rojy rpe6a oA aBroHa BOP craHrqe'
craHrlla 14 oHa cnrnanusyje nrnory pacrojarre
paearajaH n y 'qo
noqerKy HaMeFbeH
Cnegehra 6nran HaB14raL{HoHH cl4creM 1e a
14cKrbyqr4Bo eojnoj aarajaqrajr,r, all l1]gju:-";je npey3ena 1'48:4,lHa aerajaquja'
BoPi;L ''sOp-gMET (TACAN' voRTAC' VOR-DMET)' oeh
ro je TAKAH, Pa'qap 4yror
cncreM!4 cnyxe, raxole, 3a Mepebe ogcrojarua o'q BOP craHnlla'noA Ha3rBOM
3a KoHTponr4cahbe KpeTaFba ae'osa y Ba3Ayxy no3HaT
AOMera
APCP (ARSR - Air no,tu Sut"illance Radar) cnyxh KoHrponoptlMa nera Aa
npaTe 14 BoAe aBuoHe xerbeH!4M KypceBhMa'
cnana cl4creM 3a KoHTponEcaFbe
V Apyry rpynaqrajy ilHcrpyMeHar-a ea naeoferbe
-
npn3eMtbeFba aBroHa nff C 1tt-S lnstrument
Landing System)' P"tu "tf".l:1
Je.qan ce 3oBe "noxanajsep" (lokalizer) r eMuryJe
npe,qalnraxa Ha aepoApor'lly'
oA nuuraje cneraFba' a Apyrl4 eMrryle
nopyKy nhnory Aa nv"le neBo ilnH^AecHo l-lCC' Ha cnraqr 8 ce
og z go 3 creneHa) nphfla3a
Kocy paBaH i*r1,
"ai,d "apvrpa
hlC crcreua sa naeoferue'
"*4r'ynota
/70ldtng
ftt cnoJbHH MapKep
Midd/e aljf'r*u"p,^*^nn
not*e/ Verlico/ "ron
MapKep

6lide polh
nwalba
cneTalbE
6/ide s/ope
onlenno
npr4JIa3Ha
AHTEHA
A

Loca/izer
onienv
aHTeHa 3a
cneTaFbe Hoilzon/ol
beom
xopH3OHTanHlr cHon

aaraoxa (tLS)
Cnnxa 8. Vpetlajra 3a HHcryMeHranHo cneral'be
cneraba' Localizer antenna -
Holding fix - raqxa qeKaba 3a nphna3 onepaqr'rjra
- MapKep' Outer marker - cnorbHt4
aHreHa "ncxana.isepa", Middle marker cpeAFbH
cneraFba' Vertrcal beam -
MapKep, Glide slope antenna - aHreHa
3a paBaH
 91
Aepop,pouu

- 3paK' Glide path ' nyraFba

BeprKanHil epax, Horizontal beam xopr3oHranHu
cneraba'
c) np,na3Ha cBerfla r<oja ce Hana3e
Cnegehra 6urxu enerlreHr ct4FHaru3aLlr1e /
cnrqr npraxaeaH pacnopeA np,na3Hnx cBerana'
;;;"G;;p;;a I-lcC. Ha 9 ie
rah -2.5D
lr , n6oNsle

75m
o-
"-T'
l!
e
SF
-T8l:
15F
- "r
q€HnanHa @€rna nCC
RqfAf CliTtE LIiE LIONT
o- lUrlAY EDOE LIOtst
- ,BHHS
RUirAt
Eerta nCC
TOUCBOOTX ZdE Llox1 (T0z)

cBsna y 3M xnra{rs canCC

-
-
:
TBRSHOLD LIGHT
THRESHOLD --.-SpAClNG3.Ohil
usftaBa pBda 6etB
-.-,--- cExrrf Lrx! B^IRETaE
E --
r--SIDE lotD^lngTT!
EqUA! TO IHAT Of 'TE' bHaqPBe$6erna
l-.lFi

- -TEl6
@-.lo

- €-
:!

ar4EAr
r 3Oh I

y
Cnrxa 9. Pacnopeg npl4tla3Hrx cBerana il cBerana
I-ICC

HacnuqrajenpraxasanacBeTnocHachrHanil3al{rjaaaunc-rpyMeHTanHocneTaFbe centre line

rareropuje il r,| ilt. c";;;; Koja o3Haqasajy ocoarany l-1cc_(Runway y 3oHI4
6e1a Ceerna
6ene ooje' lexqHa t""tn" (Runway edge light) cV
i'gnr) 6ena' Ceerna
"y (Runway touchdown zone light) cy
AoAHpa roeKoBa npil cJreraFby il3 cMepa nprna3a npn
xoja osuaraeajy npar t-lCC (Threshold lights) cy 3eneHa
cnylrlTaHry,aL{pBeHanpfi3aycTaBtbaFbyaBr4oHa'hahqHacBeTnay3OHt4npHna3a
 AePoAPoun
92
(side row barrette) cy qpBeHa. ceerna xoja y nprnaeHoj sonra ossaraaajy
oto""*y (center line barrette) h nonpeqHa cBerna (crossbars) cy 6ena.
cy 3eneHa'
Ceerna y pynHoj crasil PC (Taxiway) xoja osnaxaaajy ocoanHy qeKaFba Cy
l4eil,rHa cBerna y KpHBHHaMa Cy nnaBa' Ceerna y nunuiu Ha nOSnqnju
LlPBeHa'
3a ansyenuoAHeBHo cneral-be cflyxl4 xopl43oHTanHa
MapKaqr1a r Ha llcc r ro
je xa cnrqn '10'
6enou $ap6ov, Luro npnKa3aHo

,-.- r*,1-l--r5o

3m=l-

; Runwa)'hte9o&l
noar nilcre R6*aY bodM zme ma*n-q
o3HaKa 3oHe KoHTaxra na flCC
-*-
Cn r xa 1 0. Xo prasoHrafl Ha r',lapraqr'rja Sap6ona

XoprsonranHoM MapKaL{rajor.,r, 6pojeea, ce Ha no'{erKl_lcc-":!ili::

y ara,qy
rueHa opr,tjexraqraja y oAHocy Ha a3xMyr' ,Qo.qarHo cnoBo yKa3yje Ha nonoxal
[1CC yxonraxo tax HMa Bulr.le napanenHnx'

4.6 TAEAPHTH ABI4OHA

flpojexroaaFbe aepoApoMcKr4x noBpulrHa, npe cBera 3aBr04 orq 4r'rH,reHsraja
u"ro"a - uoryher vepo4aeHor aBr4oHa. Ha cnnqH '1
1 cy npuxa3aHe OCHOBHe
aalaoHa, a y ra6enra 4 cy npnxaeaHe AHMeH3rje ea axryenHe rhnoBe
,qrar,]1eHeraje
ABHOHA.

Cnuxa 11 . ,QNrtrenaraje aenoHa

 base -
roqKa' Nose gear' HocHl4 roqaK' Wheel
Nose wheel angle - orKnoH HocHor
wing- span - pacnoH Kpnna' Turning
pacnoH crajxor to"nu,' i""nin AyxrHa'
--

radius - Paghjyc oKpera'

PagnjYc
Pacnox KPhna Orrnon HocHor oKperaFba
,Qyxnna TOqKA
Ttan aenoHa (m) (m) (m)
500 38.804
44.80
A3008-82 -7 Eo 21.90'i
32.92
8727-100 ED Q' 7qc 25.UU"
F.727-204 4b.06
700 18.40'
8737-1 00 28.65
2E.35 700
H-737-200
'rn 58
600 60.20"
59.64
8747 600 60.20"
64.90
8747-400 600 2/.9V"
8757 37.95
600
?6 004
4t.63
8767 750
45.O2 32.85
DC9-80
47.35 650
DC10-10 trn QO 650 37.30'
DC10-30 55.JC
650 36.O0"
clJ Dtr troa
DC10-40
54.15 47.34
L1011

" V o4HocY Ha KPuno

u
V ogxocy Ha Hoc
q
V oAnocy na Pen

4.7 METOAE ACN t4 PCN 3A Ol'{EHv HoCHBOCTI4 KOnOBO3A

(ACN) - 1e 6poj xojra raspaxaBa penarrBHra e$exar
Aircraft Classification Number
y o4xocy Ha craHAapAl3o?:Hy Kareropnjy
aB!4oHa Ha KonoBo3Hy KoHcrpyKq'jy aBiloHa
nocrerbrl{e, Taj 6po1 je o4pelen o{::"y- *a qe*tap rya:i.: Mace
y
xojacenpeHocl4Ha'rptarrvuHroL{aK'Hopuantro'nacrajnrTpanAenyle
sa onne!re131
MaKcr4ManHa uuroil, ;;;t" *u nn"t+orluu. ona ce y3HMa
"u""
ACN6poja'VrsysernrvcnysajearaMaHocHl4TocaKMoXet4MaTfiKpl4Tl4LlHhJe
onrePeherse.
(PCN) je 6poj xojrar'lt je il3paxeHa Hoct4Bocr
Pavement Classification Number .-
onepaLlhja'
KonoBo3a 3a HeorpaHrven 6poj
je nocneAnL{a vnv BenfiKor
llpeonrepeherue KonoBo3He xoncrpyxqraie onepaqrala (64i noneraba r
onrepeherua ,n, .r"i"*-oi' no""t'u*i'
Opdja
eef'1 o4 npojexrov
-"'"*oaa a'u yt"q"il Onrepeierua
cneraroa) nnu xot'aOunaqr'rje KoHcrpyKqrie' 'qox uaira
npegar,r!enor. 'puju*i ..13noaosne
BeK rRaiarua'--..ca I43y3erKoM
oA nio1"*'"o' npoAyla:-ajyxoncrpyxqraja
onrepeherua "^put'y1y Moxe Aa r3Apx14
nperepaHor npeonrepeherua' xonoeogHa a Aa ce He AoroAH FbeH ctoM'
rpeHyrHa ,et'a ontei!;;ilA ngoie1g3anor' il34pxl4 o4pefenr opo';
KonoeosHa xoncrpyxqraja
je npoiexroBaHa raKo Aa
7-

npoieKrHor
ca noBehaHHM onrepet'ebeY r:lKoM
noHaBrbaba npenacKa aBHoHa Maru4r. npeonrepeheFba Je-
npHXBaTrbrB'
nepHoAa. Pesynrar noBpeMeHill eexa ipajarui *ono"ot*e KoHcrpyKLlHJe
yKonrKo je ovexraaar'ro t"aito cKpaheFbe one onepaqraje y xojnva
je
*,r.u* ourreheHocrta.'3a
-
M penarr4BHo
""r"n!;;;" g"tu aHanu3HpaHa' Tpeba
MarHnryAa yHecraHocrl4 npeonrepeh"*u "o
np"xaaiuru cnegehe npeAnore:
noBpeMeHH MaHeBpu aBnoHa
ca ACN
r 3a. Qnexcu6nnne KonoBo3e' PCN'6poja' ne 6vt
6pojer''r MaFbnM og 10%' np"*o--p"""rpoBaHor
KonoBo3Hy KoHcrpyKqHJy
rpe6ano Herarl4BHo Aa yruqy Ha y xojrar"la je xpyrl KonoBo3 AoFbl4
r 33 Kpyre r xorr46fiHoeaHe KonoBo3e, aBnoHa ca ACN 6pojev
cnoj xoucrpyrcqraje' noBpeMeHlt ""*""p' ne 6r rpe6ano
o4 5%' npeKo
MahbhM
p"l-"t'po"u*of-POf.?loja'
yrrqy Ha KonoBo3Hy KoHcrpyKLl'ry-'
HerarilBHo Aa
rdKojexonoeoeHaKoHcrpyKL{'1u'*"not*"'u'-5'kieorpanr'rraaajyhu
et'e

i:
. 3i;'J3; Xi5r""tJ]J"[:"]#;#'"*'i
nfrt, 5% og
:n ]:HAaBHor
yxynnor roAhtxFber 6poja onepaqnJa
Moxea n

ii!
no KOnoBO3hMa
oA MepoAaBHOr Hucy AO3BofireH|4
TaxeH MaHeBpH aBiloHa rexr4x
xojra je yByqeH y nope
naxojrauacyBl4Atbl4Baou:reherua"n'noto"'xbHcrPYxural?'T"*"'MaHeBpfi
roKoM nepnoAa oranaFba neAa
rpe6a Aa 6yAy KorloBo3a vnv nocrerbhqe
ocna6ruena
"o"'*y'"
KonoBo3a vnv KaA je Hocl4Bocr rs6erHy' oenaulheue
ce
Ru! oBaKBr4 "u*""p'"-*!-"o"y .qaKonoBo3He KoHcrpyKt"{hle'
rqenoBarbeM "ogu' cri*e
raHcrraryqllje tp.ou gu"npon"A-ly-1, Y:t^1Ho"e
no"p*"""o noHaBrbabe MaHeBapa ca
Taxofe, rpe6a gu nio""p" xorarfqrairyl.s" cxpaherue
*o1" Aa h3a3oBe t*1:1i*o
rexrM aBHoHhMa oA MepoAaB"o'' 3axreBa "o*"
rueHy pexa6rnilraquJy'
BeKa KonoBo"*" *ol"tpy*q'1" ' Aa

4.8 OPI4JEHTAqI4J A AEPOAPOMA

Ha oprjenraqriy l-1CC yrrqy
cneAeht,t.ltnunoqn:
pagN ogpef[BaFba nphna3Hux H
y3nerHvlx
r ronofpssnja repena'
noBpLtlnHa
y oAHocy Ha BerpoBe
e lnorpe6rbhBocr [-lcc
Ja.{rHa14yqecTaHocTBeTpananojep,ra,rrxcMepoBaHMaAoMI4HaHTaHyTrqajHa
cneraFbe aBr4oHa
ynorpe6rrreocr nCC' flpaerna *un^*y Aa
ce
J3nera:b]i]1
oA so.t*il Berap y oBHM Saeana
o4araja y cMepy tynpo'"o" "&pt'
b* *a aBnoH Aenyje pasnuvrrrv
KperaFba urro*u-'np"AcraBlba'
-1,r^e!1
onac:?cr
og nepSopruancu aBuoHa' [lpenaa
javnnaua. ,Qenoearte Berpa Ha aBI4oH 'ul'"*
jaurue 6oqnor Berpa:
Anexcy 14, AonyulreHe cy cneAehe
. 37 km/h sa aepoApoMe ca KoAHt4M cnoeou A r B
ilr cnoeoNl C
. 24km/h ea aepoApoMe ca KoAHl4M
cnoeoM D u E
. 19 km/h ga aepoApoMe ca KoAHl4M
 95
Aeooapomn
og 95% 3a aBroHe
Oaxrop ynorpe6rureocru aepoApoMa He cMe Aa 6y4e vaura ce nanasm fla
y o6natru y xojoj
xojrana je xaverueH, y oAHocy Ha no1aBy
""tpo"i
'rpe6a
6n6nnanpaBl4nHoogpe|exaophJeHTaL{hJal-lCC,raepavyHaBacenoKpl4BeHocT
BerpoBnMa npo"ropu-' *i v3rpaAtrt/' aepoApoM' To ce PTi
u"u!-rrtr**, u'rpa$lrvxra.
^otb
Pesynrar rpa$uvxe o6pa'qe noAaraKa o BerpoBrMa Je
nphKa3aH aacnuqnl2-

q\
\do
ol 1
i\ l:
c! l. ,]g
r.l \
t I
$\
(.'\ lo
IDo $r

Cnnxa 12. l-paSrvxh nocrynaK o6page noAaraKa o BerpoBrMa

oanl.lnocrynxoujenorpe6uocpeArTilnoAaTKeo'yqecTaHocTuBeTpoBano
npaBr-{y 14 !4Hre3r4rery. b6paleHe BpeAHocrn rpe6a
yHeru y ogroeapajyhe
noAene y cilcreMy *pyto"u, Ha cnrqu 12, roiu ogroeapajy nojegnnru 6psnnaua
BerpoBa v pa1ltanlo:x nnnnia roje yxasyjy Ha cMepo,Be llpero raxo
Berpa'
:*?3:i
xojra yxasyje ira rvroryhy
ypafene noAnore oApeAn ce AoMrHaHrHl4 cMep
bprajenraqrajy l-1CC y oAHocy Ha 6o'rHe BerpoBe'
 AePoAPouu
96

flI4TEPATVPA:

t1l lnternacionalCivilAviationorgantzationlCAoAnexl4totheConventionon
Aerodrome Design and operations'
lnternational civil nviai.r,cn, v"olume l,
First Edition - JulY 1990
ICAO' Parl l' Runways' 2nd
121 Aerodrome Design Manual, Doc 9175-AN/901'
edition - 1984.
gizs-nU/901' ICAO' Part ll' Runways' 3'd
t3l Aerodrome Design Manual, Doc
edition - 1991 .
second edition 1975'
t4l Robert Horonjefi, Planning & design o{ airports'

t
5
}KEIIESHWUE

5.1 vBoA
rae npBe nonoBhHe
l-ipara Kopaqu Ka xene3Hr4trKoM TpaHcnopry Aar[pajynocraBrbeHa npyra Ha
rasrvrefy Sanruuopa ra oxaja
AeBerHaecror BeKa, n"g" it 1830' ro4une xefie3HnqKa
Ioroj *o*u 6nnu ocHoBHl4 ByrtHil noroH' Kpajer',t
"v
-"rit"Jri" lvxue Kaponnne je 6rana npaa roia je novena Aa Kopl4crl4 napy Kao
noroHcKy eHeprrjy.
l-lpra xpajy AeBerHaecror BeKa, r'rsvely
1870' n 1890' rograne' y Avepuqh' oBaJ

-
BIA TpaHcnopTa Je Harno noLleo Aa ce u'lt4pH y- Mpexy' Ka 3anaAHvlM AenoBHMa
'
vtrra
'1e 6rno oceajarue 3anaAHrx o6nacru,
KoHrr4HeHra. ocr,o"*,
HacerbaBaFbe, rajerue npoH3BoAa u FbHXoB
rpaHcnopr Ha ncroqHa rpxraLura [1]'

VErrrnecxoj,naK,nocneCrneeHcoHoBorH3yMa-noKoMoTt4B^e.1814.ro+uue,27'
cenreu6pa '1 825. ro4rane je nyurreHa y teps'c npyra rasn'refiy CroxroHa
N
'npy3l4 qnHilnn napHa Ma[!uHa' l-o'qrHe
fiapnranrrona. Byvy lri rol
cy KoFbH t4
1830. je nyureHa y ;;";;t;;tra LeMeby fl"""pnyn" t't MaH'recrepa' Ha roj
6nna ie Crneeucouoaa "Paxera'
npy3t4, Ayroj 31 Ml4Iby, jegiano ByqHo cpeAcrao
l2l
Bl4AoBhMa cao6pahaja'
V 4anaurue BpeMe, xene3HhLia KoHKypl4ue ocranilM
6psutra u Hocileocrfi' V
sixaaruyjyh' t*"'"o'-''oseharty
ApyMcKoM il peL{HoM,
oxo 200
AaHauJFbe BpeMe rpaHcnopr nyinrara xene3HilqoM 'qoirraxe 6psrane 'qo
250 km/h.
98 Xenesnn4e

5.2 ocHo B HE Kn ACU OU KAqHJ E n Py r A

Pa 6,n xql--------------le3!-l4lrKa npyra 6una hcnpaBHo _npojexroeana Mopa nperxoAHo Aa ce".

yrspA-H--KonvvuHa-r€pera, xojr ogpefennn't Kopr4AopoM rpe6a 4a 6y4e npeBe3eH
- gurruaua onrepeheHocr r' (6p.r/4ax) [3]:
l/^P
tr'1oo * tu '
t
f =
ra. D
r4e je:
Tv - npoceqHa AHeBHa onrepeheHocr nyrHnrrKor cao6pahaja y 6pyro roHaMa
no AaHy (6p.t/4an)
v - najeeha Ao3BorbeHa 6psnna Ha npy3r4
TM - npoceqHa AHeBHa onrepeheHocr reperHor cao6pahaja y 6p.t/gaxy
P- xajeeha Ao3BorbeHa onrepehenocr no ocoBr4Hl4 oA Kona y roHaMa
n-nO
3a rnaeHe npyre I peAa Tr > 25 000 6p.Vgan
3a rnaaHe npyre rr peAa Tr = 6 000 - 25 000 6p.t/gan
3a cnopegxe npyre Tr s 6 000 6p.t/rqaH
Cnegehr napaMerap xa xojn rpe6a o6parrrr naxFby je Hauexa npyre. Aa nr je
caMo 3a reperHu cao6pahaj, nyrHrqKu cao6pahaj Hflfi MeuloBrarra cao6pahaj.
HacnefeHr norneAn Ha rpaHcnopr po6a v ftyAV xene3HrqoM cy ycMepaBanfi
KoHcrpyKrope na npojeKroBaFbe npyra 3a MerlloBrr u reperHfi cao6pahaj.
Melyruu, AaHa[lFbr4 npuHr..lunr, ycneA Ben[Kor noeehaFba 6psnxa nyrHuqKnx
Bo3oBa, AoBoAe go pas4sajaFba npyra. llyrHravrra Bo3oBt4 rcojrva cy HaMehbeHe
npyre 3a BenuKe 6psune saxreeajy caeperuenrajr npucryn npojerroaaruy
reouerpnjcxrx eneMeHara npn rpachpaby, AoK c Apyre crpaHe, reperHu
cao6pahaj, ycneA 3HarHo aefirx Naaca xoje npeeosfl 14 MaFb!4x 6psrana, 3axreBa
4pyxvrje rpraiepr,rjyr',re, KaKo y norneAy reoverpraje, raKo M y norneAy Ha
AfiHaMreKe yrrqaje xoje raxera BosoBr4 rasasneajy ceojmvr KperaFbeM.
l-lpyre cy xnaoa$f xoaaHe. Hajqeuhe npeva cao6oahajHoj apeaHocru u guaqaiv.
OctrOEHa noAena je Ha rnaeFie H cnop"gn"

"ru"^"n"
npvr9 L "or_o:gf._
@_r*peAa cnyxe vehylap-oAFtoM . TpaH3HTHoM
!g9qpg!gy.gg[_q a ]ftryr p aq lte Lr oBe3 r Ba Fb_e_ 9€ c aJ {Ui4 x!p 4 BpCAtr 4M_e Hr ap a
: re,Qg_9gg1ele n py re r r y3 aH o r jglgc_ejg_?
H o p r\4 an H o

cnopeAHe.

5.3 CUftE KAJE qEfiyJy HA BA3

Ha eog Aenviv creAehe l^norbrc crre'
a ByHHa C!4na ze
.W
a chna ornopa KperaFby
Xenesnn4e 99

Crna nouohy xoje ce Bo3 norpehe je eylHa crna. OH4 ce crgapq y noKoMoTl4Bv
h TEcTaTe-t-yfe y-nFaBqV-KPeJaltar o4199no creapa ce y noroHcKoM Moropy
noKoMorilBe h fi3a3rBa KpeJ,ltpq aoga Cdenafyiyhr cee HDeroBe ornope.
Crn" otnop" . onnrux yrrauaia xoin-rqgnyiy Ha
dos" o1q ^p"tu*y "o"" "y eM sv€PJ,-prnoPh cY
cBpcreHr4 y ocHoBr.lelaran[e) t4 HaKHarqHe (noeper'aeHe). OcHoaHH ornopr cy oHM
xoj6 ce cynporcraaruajy xperaruy Bo3a,no npaBoM H xopr43oHrannona nyry. To cy
yHyTpaulFbr4 Ornopn y Bo3hnr4Ma, Ornopu xOje rsasraaa KonoceK ra OrnOpn xOje
r43a3hBa Ba3Ayx. Vnyrpau:rur ornopu cy oA KonoceKa
c! noene,lvrqa r<e+tr o.qxoea -!-q.@-noR
gqa
e*eprr xan x r hr o nre pehe iueM, r pe Fb a Kn l9_93a Ioq 598A9* ISPP trrI!9JI E91
r VAaOa Ha caCTaBnMa uJhHa. OinOp O,q Ba3AyuHe CpeAfiHe Je nocne4fiL{a
---
n-prrrcxa Ba3Ayxa Ha eeoHy ]]oepuuHv eosa h H3paeyHaBa ce eMnfiPhJcKl4M
. yOEHoBHe ornope cnagajy, rarofie, ocHoBHl4 ornopr oA Kona I ocHoBHM
oTnopra oA noKoMornee, xoju y e6npy qHHe ocHoBHe ornope qenor Bo3a, Kao u
ornoph npr noKperaFby Bo3a r43 Mecra. V xaxxa4ue ornope cnagajy ornoph oA
ycnoHa H oA Kpl4BhHa.
KoquoHe chne crBapajy ypelajra 3a KoqeFbe. One yaex Aenyjy y cynporHoM
cMepy oA cMepa KperaFba Bo3a.

5.4 3AYCTABH'4 NYT

Bpno 6ntaa napaMerap ie
3aycraBHOr ia-fvryryg--eay.t". * ot-"y*-""t**-sg-"Ope"rn-e-
xD€Tarua Bo3a fi 6rea cee q$KnaAy ca noBeharbeM 6
53=sl)+sft (^)
L
rAe Je:

S.1_ AU< t4!g--gay qT.a ellgillyl:;l-

SD - npebeHh nvr oA roeHVTKa noBrtaqeFba DyqHue KoqHhqe Ao rpeHyrKa FbeHor
-- axrranparua (npranPevHra nYr)
sk-c@

5,5 I4CKOPT4WTEI$E KNHETU']KE EHEPTNJE BO3A

,[orafa ce Aa Ha npyraMa y eKcnnoaraqrajra rar',la AeoHrqa na rojuva je xajaehr

ycnoH Ha BeoMa Manr4M ApKMHaMa. 36or rora ce Bo3 xpehe HepaBHoMepHoM
6psrHovr ApK qene AeoHi4qe. Taxar cnyuajeer cy hHcnrprcann KoHcrpyKrope
je
Aa oApeAe re)KfiHy Bo3a npeMa HeKoM MahbeM ycnoHy tra eehoj AyxHHl4. Kag y
nhraFby aehu ycnoH rpahe gyxraxe, Bo3 ra casnalyje ByqHoM cunoM h
KnHeruq KoM eneprutjorrl.
 Xeneen

5.6 OCHOBHU KOHCTPYKTNtsHU ENEMEHTT4 )KENffiHUqKE NPYTE

flosnaro je Aa xenegHu'rxy npyry YHg 4oF[ cJpelr lgProl crpoj H ch-rHanHo
q
.@trPeleu-
;&
lorura crpoj npyre @ Moea9q4, Iloillopur4 q4g9Bl4,
:
,v@v6ene_ grp age nar*,le i+e n e
n crpe6aura erlcn4Oaleqrj e
l npvie. Ceu OeN o6jexrra cny)Ke Aa ce caBnana repeH H nocTaBn HuBeneTa OHaKo
rcaxo je npojerroeana, r.j. 4a ce nocraBr rpyn npyre'

V roprora crooj npyre cnaAajy xofroceqra, cxpernrue, oKpertnqe 4 np€xoqnuqe'

nourro 1e KonOceK cacTaBrbeH OA tu4Ha h nparoBa, xOju cy ngcTaBrbeHu y
TyqaHHqK1a 3agTop, MoXe ce Ka3aTil Aa h nparoBy H KonOceHHu 3acrop cnarqajy,
rarofe y roPrura crPoj.
v1 3a
oABhjaFbe cao6pahaja Ha nPy3H, 9gl99l9-IgAoil-31x ce vnPsgrbq-5lgrebe

s.6.1 Ct4TvAIJWOHW nnAH n v3EnKHU nPOOnfi

HHM nnaHoM ce Ha3hBa xopo3oHTanHa npoj
-fnyx nra npo$nn ee-qpra y
K ace

Ts9g-vy-Pa?r,/epecy R='t,#, R=1,# 1!ooo-**--jasrno---i

n R=1'# **
H 3aBnce oA

|'
Da3Mepe cilrvaLlt4ofor MaHa. . -$1c 6-uuy-icera
"t-Ir-r'' -* ---"-
nDeacTaBrba Da3nHKa'- "- - "
reNae'rry Hl4Ecnerclpace u repeHa.

5.6.2 nfiAIlyM x<EnffiHnqKE nPyrE

l-oprua noBpuJHHa 3eMrbaHor Tpyna npyre je nnaHyM. a 3aMullfbena nrnrja nO
ri,eroaOj cpegrHu je Ocoerara nflaHyMa. i-UuprHa nnaHyMa, AXMeH3nJe 3acTOpHe
nph3Me u AyXi4Ha npara 3aBrce OA Xene3Hr4qKt4x ynpaBa. V nexltt,t 3eMarbaMa
ce re AhMeileNje pasniaxyjy, r',rarqa je rexrua Aa Ha L{enoM Kournneury 6y,qe
nD!4MeHoeH r4cTt4 AhMeH3fiOHl4 ChCTeM.

5.6.3 CflA5AAHU nPOAMn fiPvrE

Cno6o,qnra npo$nn npyre npegcraBtba npocrop l43HaA KonoceKa y KoMe He cMe
-
Aa ce Hafla3u HHKaKBa npenpeKa xOja 6n OMeTana KperaFbe Bo3a floKoMornBa
h BaFoHa. Ha cnrqn 5.1 je nprxa3aHa llelvia cno6o4nor H roBapHor npo$nna.
Xenesnn4e 101

Cnrxa 5.1. Cno6orqHr fi roBapHu npo$nn

5,6.4 TEOMETPUJCKU ENEMEHTN NNAHA NPYTE

l-eon,terpnjcru eneMeHru nnaHanpyre
rr4yK qrHe rpacy npyre.

llonynpe.rHnL{h Kpr4BnHa 3aBr4ce og 6psraHa Bo3oBa xojr ce xpehy nerou npyroM.

KpyxHe KprBfiHe ce HfiK2f, He h3BoAe 6es npenasHor Aena KphBtaHe' Te cy
eneMeHTr 3a npopaLlyH KppKHl4x KpHBhHa ca npena3HfiL{aMa cneAehh:

r fli/xuH?raHreHre je f = 1R+fl'rg9+a [m]

L

r ^ :
fllxrHaLleneKpuBt4HeD=/?
;: i;: t:;) +2 L[m]

6rcexrpraca B=(.R-/1 tsec9--tl

'2 -/ [*]
ancL{HcacpeAnHe KpnBHHe x = R sin}+ a [m]
2

a opAnHara cpeArHe KpHBhHe ! = R' 11 - cos |;2 + ,f [m]

r4e je:
 _l

102 Xenesnn4e

P- nonYnPecHHK ryrBl4le
f - pasr'rax sa xola rp_e6a napanenHO nOtvtg:t4Th xpJl(Hy Kpt4Bl4Hy Ka {eHrpy
xpraarane 4a6r -varnaEe ce y6aL.lu n
u- -xp@A
noeeTKa nnH KpaJa npena3HHqe
. - v-1-aol<ojL"u^"ut" tu"."*tu y nqlg5y,4ll4rpely-5py;x1e t(PIlr4He
L - AVXl4Ha lpenaq-!e-Kpy!-Br'1-!-q
_q__lg:I"" v,10 _
p-" g o-_"_|_t IJI o ry 6 r t r r s p a re-nor'rofr y+spt
q y r'r a r yn a :
r
14
-
M
P t-.

L_l.-v - F * cos t- R[m],a -.r - F'sjn:-[T,fn=-f3'v, -

t1,rget3
yl yAa-rbeHocT noqeTKa, oAHocHo xpaja xpyxne Kp!4BfiHe oA TaHreHTe h Moxe
6rrra nspavyHara nori,tohy $opvyne:

/ r2
t*,-'2.R'. I )
JJ
I
.12 [^], t=L---: " t*l
6.R 40. L'
-3
Ha cnraqu 5.2 cy np!4Ka3aHu eneMeHrr4 npena3He KphBilHe O6nHKa nonpaBrbeHe
xy6ne napa6one.

Cnraxa 5.2. Kpyxira KpHBilHa ca npena3HOM Kp14Bl4HoM O6nr<a ngnpaBtbeHe

xy6ne napa6one
Ha,qaruerue cnoibne LililHe y Kpt4Bl4HH, xoje ce H3BOAM Ha ApKt4Hl4 npenasHe
Kpi4BuHe, a cnyxr 3a aHynupaFbe qeHrpuQyranHe cnne' ie:
rr I
h,-^, = 11 .8 - ' qex
R
["*]
 Xenesnn4e IUJ

r,qe je v^"" najaeha 6psrxa y Kpr4Br4Hr4.

[,4uave, y 3aBrcHocl4 oA KapaKrepa perue$a repeHa nocroje cnegehr HaqilHH
TpacHpaFba:

. cno6oAHo aolerue rpace

. npilHyAHo soferue rpace
. BeuJracKo paserjarue rpace
Cno6ogHo eolerue rpace ce npraueruyje y oHHM cnyvajeerH,ra KaA je nprpoAHll
narq repeHa Mai-bn oA MepoAaBHor narn6a Ha rpacr.

liocrynax npilHyAHor eoferua rapce je y npHMeHh, xag Hajsehu ycnoH Ha rpacil

He cMe Aa npeKopaHr BpeAHocr MepoAaBHor ycnoHa.

V reulxru repeHcKr4M ycnoB[Ma, y 6p,qoararrav r nnaHrHcKr4M npeAenrMa, rAe je

norpe6Ho rpacy BoAr4ru Harra6ou xoju je MaFbil oA Haru6a repeHa, npunaeruyje ce
nocrynaK BeuJTaqKor pasarajar-ua rpace.
Cau xapaxrep rpace, xojr saaucr o4 perue$a repeHa je eogogenHrr.{Kr4,
non peq Ho-BoAoAei-r H r4L{ Kr4, Aon il HcKh t4 n a+qr HcKl4.

5.6.5 EflEMEHTt4 vsAyXHOr nPA@UIIA

_ Y eneveHre ygAy>{Hor nQg$_rana cnaAaiy ycnoHh}1 naAogr4@
novohy lojilx ce- caenafyjy BucnHcryl-pa3nj4xe-lcpglla. Vcnosu r na4oBr4 cy

ygg!__l,p2{g__0rr4_ MepoAelqaH. _O116IUe!4_vcnoH 3a noje!Ary__Eatp_9l[_]4

tP*5T.gYll""1.
Mepo4asxra ycnon (i*)
cBojol AyxhHr4, f9vg*99 oApebyje Maca Bo3a n 3anpe3n.

Qrxugury-s!-qnre_glg,apgrlai6up-ornapaaay'crtglatalrn9p_a_ga_[puBtt!t13.
Vcnox sa nojavaHy 3anpery je nocne4r,rqa caBfiaAaBaba BenuKe Br4crHcKe
pa3fi r4R-e-ycmFol\'t_e€+i?rbreA-_Mepo-AaBflon A-a-6h- B 03 M o iao -Aa ra caBn aAa,
x donX6[n o p-nojaq@ x c pe,q craaa).
36or Heyje4HaLreHocrr4 reperHor cao6pahaja no cMepoBt4Ma eecro ce npr6eraea
pe[reFby Aa MaFbe onrepeheHr Bo3oBr4 caenalyjy ou.rrpraje ycnoHe. fra 6u 6vtna
rcxopnurheHa ByvHa cuna noKoMorrBe, HeonxoAHo je ypaaHorexhrh yKynHe
ornope npHMeHoM javer ycnona Ha Malle onrepeheHoM cMepy.
Bos apuu pan AoK ce neFbe no ycnoHy. Axo ce, naK, Ha roM nyry nojaar,t AeoHnqa
xoja nva naA Ha KoMe Bo3 Tporxr4 pag Ha KoqeFbe, noA npernocraBKoM Aa rr
narn6n Hucy sehvr oA naga KoLreFba, oHAa cy ro - Heulrernn uarn6u. CeH ocranh
uaru6u, xojn cy seiu og na4a KoqeFba cy urerHil narr6u, jep ce rpou:u eehn
MexaHnqKil pag 3a KpeTaFbe Bo3a Hero no xopl43oHTanv ncTe AyxhHe.
l-lonoxajr npenoMa Hr4Benere He cvejy 6utu ua MabeM pacrojaruy o4 oHor xoju
je nponrcana o4pelena xene3H!4qKa ynpaBa.
704 Xenesnn4e

V yegyxnorvr npo$r,rny npenoM HrBenere vopa 6rru sao6rbeH. V Hexrn

3eMJ-baMa Eepone, Sao6tbeFbe npenoMa HrBeflere je orpaHrreHo BeprHKanHhM
y6psarueu ra o4pelyje ce nonaofiy $opvyne:

. /-u" r
minp=-*L
4
tml
I

J'o
^Z Pv
r na io'
' l.{v Je.

v- MaKcrManHa 6p3hHa Ha npy3l4 [km/h]

- AonyuJTeHO BepT[KanHO y6p3aFbe [nL,/sec2]
p1,

V6naxasaFbe ycnoHa y Kpr4BnHaMa ce h3BoAI4 noBehaBaFbeM nonynpecHilKa

Kpr4Bt4He n nocTaBrbaFbeM npenoMHl4x yrfioBa, raKo Aa FbhxoB e6rap 6y,qe uro
MAFbH.

V6naxaeaFbe ycnoHa ce Bp[Jl4 t4 HcnpeA ryHena, TaKo Aa ce y ryHeny H36erHy

HeFaTr4BHr4 yTr4qajil Bjrare I Ba3AytlHor qena, no3HaTor noA Ha3HBoM - TyHencKfi
e*eKar.

s.7 )KEnE?HWIKE CTAHkLIE

MoxeH,rc xagaau Aaje craHnqa npeAcraBHHK xene3Hut-{e Kojr ocraapyje KoHraKr
ca npnBpeAoM n nyrHuqfiMa u ca Fb[Ma 3aKrbyvyje yroaope o npeBo3y. Moxeuo
je cxaarrrn h Kao opraHfi3aropa H HenocpeAHor [3Bpttlt4oqa HajBeher Aena
rexHHqKHX 32AaTaKa y rpaHcnopry po6e, nyrHrKa r y cao6pahaFby Bo3oBa [4].

Vcne,q pa3nrqnre HaMeHe H QyHKr-{Hje crantaLla A ocranvx cnyx6eHhx Mecra y

xene3Hr4cKov cao6pahajy nocroje h pa3He xnacr$Nraquje cranrqa npeMa
pa3HHM napaMerphMa. llona3Hr napaMerpu sa xnacrSnxaqrjy craHrL{a cy:
. 3an3r1l ij9rtllIqlP9,a9lPe tlaHhqe
'K@
. nonoxaj craHnqe y MpexH
. UeMa
.'--.-_-
CTaHfiLle
r 3H?rtdj craHhlle ilTA.
ala".u_t!le__y cf y11p?!.a- !!9cTa, npeya.
"g-aAer-fy,, fgly- . "lp-e,6-e." "fla .!t_9-pp"!!e* .y_
caoopghajHoM 9!4creMy 14 paqnoflo)Kr4B14M rexHI4eKr4M cpeAcrBilMa, noAerbeHe cy
H
? o-91u.-ep,S-r"a ;.' -

1. flocraja unn crajanqutTe je cnyx6eHo Mecro xoje.HeMa

cryxa caMo 3a
cao6pahaj floKanHr4x nyrHtaKa. l-locrdja o6n.{Ho H14KaKBfix
V cny.rajy rHreH3HBHor noKanHor cao6pahaja,
TexHir*{KXi Cpegcraea.
nocraja Moxe hMarh nepoH H Hagcrpeunnqy 3a nyrHHKe, na HaK 14

6nnerapxraqy sa npogajy Kapara

2. E-!:I-ipltrEg n ogiaanuqa - cy cnyx6ena Mecra xoja o6asruajy
pEffiracaiue xoAa y3acronHnx Bo3oBa. O4 rexHnvKfix cpeAcraea rvajy
caMo cr4rHanHa cpeAcrBa u cpeAcrBa gese. Ha caBpeMeHrM npyraMa oBo
ce o6aBrba nonaohy ayroMarcKor npyxHol 6noxa.
 1AE
Xenesuu4e

3. Pacnyrnu4a je cnyx6exo Mecro_,Ha-orPop-elgi npy3l4 oAaKne ce oABaJa

r-ie_faApjrc_npytE -[ljio rnqe rexHH"lxe onpeutrEdHoeTr4-]t46pa-!rMarH
C..d
6ap je4ny cxperHraqy H cnrHanHo cnrypHocHe ypefaje 3a ocnrypaFbe ror
MecTa.

Cnrxa 5.3. Pacnyrnrqa

4. Pqcxpcnu4q je cnyx6ello Mecro y-xojev q.q.-c,-eKy,y-

Il-8".9-y-.499-i_1!yle
r4cre nnv Paqnf:.lle urpl4!1e, P3"g4pqHrqa Mopa -.ilMarn. cilrHanHo
crarypHoCia nocrpoierua sa o6es6efebe ror rt/lecra ta 9p9-4!ida'seg_e. Tlo
npaBrny uopa 6urr noceAHyra cnyx6enmu nhL{eM H yKrbyqeHa y
Ar4cnecepcKr4 chcreM ynpaBrbaFba cao6phajev H3 L{eHTpanHor Mecra'

Cnrxa 5.4. PacxpcHrqa

5. TosapJ4J_t,r_e- je-- _91y-4,6,9!:!q, ,MecTo, rAe"..ce--ca.r,na-at+ol.-x*oJl-q9-eK3 oABaJa

J-e4ax .!n.r4 Br4LUq c1o,p-eAllx Koflqce{"q Ig-x9jn.u._q.-"c-.9-p.faBrba yro-gap'
o,qiocno HcroBap poQe Qao Mecro Mopa rMarr 6ap jegHy cKperHrL{y.
Tosapru:rev ynpaBlba cycegna craHrLla.

Cnrxa 5.5. Toeaprulre

6. Yxpgn4qa jq cnyx6elq l4gclg H4 jegnorlgnqqelloj lPYsu xoje cny)Kh 3a

-periaqarte Bo3oBa. Ha yxpcHrar4r,r ce Mopa Hana3HrH, nopeA
yxprliaiie ra
rnaeiror nporasH6r KonoceKa; 6ap jour je,qan xonocex o6ocrpaxo (seoua
perKo jegnocrpaHo) aesan. Oeo Mecro Mopa Aa !4Ma cnrHa-nHo
cfirypHocHa nocrpojerua 3a ochrypalbe ca o6e crpaHe, Kao h cpeAcrBa
Be3e. Vxpcnuqa Moxe o6aarbarn cao6pahaj noKaHr4x nyrHrKa n
nprJbara.
106 Xenesnnqe

,
A6 FI
Cnraxa 5.6. Vxpcurqa

7. Muuonnasnn4? ie cnyx6ero Mecr'o Ha ABoKonocecnoj npysn xoje

dnyxm-.3a npernllarue (nitrat',toNnaxerue) Bo3oBa. l-lopeg ABa rflaBHa
nponaena xoroceKa Mopa rMarvt 6ap jotu jegaH, a o6u'{l-lo ABa KonoeeKa
o6ocrpaHo Be3aHa, Kao il curHanHo cfirypHocne ypefaje 3a ocurypaFbe r
cpegcrBa Be3e. Moxe o6aBrbarr cao6pahaj noKanHhx nyrHhKa v1

npTrbara.

Crnxa 5.7, Mrauonna3Hnqa

8. Craxuqa je cnyx6eHo Mecro Ha je4uoxonocevuoj HnH ABoKollocernoj

npasra*ggjg o6a_qrya yKpulaFbe h nperhqabe Bo3oBa, cao6pahaj HyrHhKa
!9qe y c!I11 _!19ye,p_q{jel14!,/ oll,gPgllialay-a, CraHlg_q_gopa nM9l4
',i
ofiffieT ilpoj kpnoeeKa, crrpar:tHo c,nrypHqcHa cpecre-a, CpejcrBa Be3e]
noqr_p-'qjglba. 9a noKanHm po6xra pan, 3a nyrHr4qKr4 cao6pahaj v
nocrpojeFba sa cneqrajanHe Qyr-rxqnje. [lperua 3alarKy xojra rpe6a'4a
o6aee a npeMa texHrqxrM cpe4crBrMa rojuva pacnoJlaxy, craH[L{e
nory 6r,trn noAerbeHe Ha n,refycraHrqe H cneqrajanrasoBaHe craHrqe.
MefuEyraU.q-o6aaruajy craHAapAHe 3aflarKe, a cner1rjan4"3gPgI9.
craHrL.1e noce6He 3a4arKe - cacraBtbaFbe H pacraBJ-baFbe reperHhx
Bo3oBa (paHxiapne craHnqe), yroBap h hcroBap po6e (po6He craxraqe),
nyrHr4HKr4 cao6pahaj seher o6hN,1a (nyrHrvxe craHraqe), nperosap po6e
ca xene3Hr4HKor Ha BoAHt4 cao6pahaj (nyuxe crannqe) r ,qp.
Xenesnnqe 107

/'\
U
Cnrxa 5.8. CraHraqa

VxpcHraqe, MrMohna3Hnlle r craHrqe Mory ga 6yAy yKrl,yYeHe y AhcnelrepcKl4

O4creM 3a ynpaBrbaFbe h3 je,qnor L{eHTpanHor Mecra. Ha cnrqra 5.9 je npnxasano
je.qHo craxnvno nocrpojrre n3 nepcneKrrae cnyx6eHor nhqa.

Cnrxa 5.9. Crannqno nocrpojerue

I-locrojra Br4ule K/.rao4$r,rxaqraja craHhqa, a je4Ha oA rHX je ra npeua nonoxajy y
Mpexn:
108 Xenesun4e

. nOqeTHe Hnr KpaJFbe cTaHHqe

. uebycranrqe
O NPilKTbYHHE CTAHhI.IE
. cnojHe, pa3AenHe craH[Lle
r flolHpHe cTaHnqe
o cBopHe cTaHuqe
llpeua KapaKrepy paga craHrqe cy xnaoa$r4KoBaHe y rpr rpyne:
. nyrHr4qKe craHhqe
. TepeTHe cTaHhqe
. Me[rJoBt4Te craHHLle 3a reperHM 14 nyTHr4rtKM CaO6pahaj

Cana nocrynax npojerroBal-ba craHHqa je cacrasrueH ns rpn Saae.

r il3pane nperxoAHe cryguje ranra npegnpojexra
r u3Page raAejHor npojexra
o ra3PaAe rnaBHor npojexra

5.8 OCHOBHI4 ENEMEHTH TOPftET CTPOJA

OolosHH eneMeHTr ropFber crpoja cy [!HHe, KonoceqHr npra6op, nparoBi4 hrt4
apurpaxo-6eroHcKe r<oncrpyxqraje H ryqaHreKil 3acrop.
LUnue cy HenocpeAHh ocnoHal{ ToqKoBr4Ma h cnyxe sa eoferue [unHcKl4x Bo3nna.
"OHe nprar'rajy xopt43oHTanHe ta BeprrKa.rlHe cnne oA Bo3r4na, Kao il noAyxHe cr4ne
oA reMneparypHt4x yrrqaja H npeHoce HX npeKo npuvepuLfierua Ha nparoBe,
3acTop H 3eMrbaHn rpyn.
Konoce.{Hfir,r npr6oponr ce uhHe rraelyco6Ho cnajajy (cnojnra KofloceqHfi npra6op)
r nprrapuhyjy sa nparoae (npravepcHr4 Konoceqxr npra6op). Eneuenrr cnojnor
KOnOCecHOf npr6opa cy Be3HL{e, cnojnra erajqra ca HaBprKaMa, npcreHacre
enacrrqHe noAnoulKe. Enevenla npHqBpcHor KonoceqHor npra6opa cy KorBe h
cre3ajbKe. ocranr KonoceriHx npra6op cny)Kl4 sa y6naxaearse yruqaja Kao uJTo
cy noAyxHa noMepaFba KonoceKa, nonpeqHa noMepaFba KonoceKa, y6naxaaarre
AhHaMTqKHX yrnqaja Bo3una.
llparoer npegcraeruajy ocnoHqe l!fiHaMa. Kpos rurx ce npeHoce xopn3oHranHe
il BeprHKanHe o4ne ca uHHa Ha 3aCTOp. nOLurO cy [!HHe nprvspr.uheue sa
nparoBe npHHBpcHt4M KOnOCeeHTM npra6oporrl rnnre je o6es6eleno FbHxoBo
KOHcraHrHo pacrojarue Ayx Konocexa. llparoer, xojra AaHac npeAcrasruajy
nocneAnqy caBpeMeHor nprcryna aHanr43e esexara crna xoje ce npeHoce
npeKo ur4Ha 14 npravspu.:herua, Mory 6ntu 6eroxcxu v1nv, naK, qenr4LlH14,
nocraBrbeHrl na 6eroHcxe reMel-be na cnrqr 5.10.
Xenesnn4e 109

::Ip:l:X,.';.:
, r.. ,, :'.
:,
.::=:::4ii.:.i
: :|t
a:=:::a::::!::.Nta,.::;,1

. NA
d

Cnrxa 5.1 0. LlenrqHn nparoBr y ryHeny

Oea epcra Y - r{ennqHux nparoBa ilMa npeAHocr y oAHocy Ha ocrare rrnoBe

nparoBa, Ose nparoae rpe6a nocraBrbarr4 Ha MacfiBHy 6eroHcxy no,qnory. V
nopeferuy ca nparoBnMa KnacviqHor oSnrara, oBil nparoBra rauajy o4pefene
eKoHoMcKe npeAHocrr4: no Kr4floMerpy AyxHoM Y - nparoBa je 50% MaFbe oA
nparoBa K,nac!4qHor o6nraxa, MaFbe cy Mace, Ayxr4 uH,r je ynorpe6Hh sex, npyxajy
Ben14Kr ornop 6ovnoM noMepaFby, uvajy Br4coK creneH rop3r4oHe Kpyrocr!4 y
KOnOceKy, onaxLuaeajy KpeTaFbe Bo3a eaxearuyjyhra cMaKHyToM nonoxajy
ocnoHacKHX Ta9aKa.
3acrop HMa yncry Aa eBaKyHuJe BoAy, xoja voxe Herarr4BHo .qa .qenyje na
ApBeHe nparoBe u seMrbaHH Tpyn, quMe r.urr4Tr4 3eMrbaHr4 rpyn oA rpajnrx
4egopvaqrja r pacxaauaBaFba. [loo.larpano ca crar!4qKor rneAilura, npnxBara
BenuKe npMrl4cKe nparoBa r npeHocr4 hx Ha 3eMrbaHH rpyn y BilAy cMaFbeHux 14

yje,qHaveHrx nprrrcaKa. Meiiyrrv, nocroje AeoHHqe ca 6eroncxoM noAnoroM H

To Ha npyraMa HaMeFbeH14M BerthKt4M 6psrHat,ta.
Konocex, naK, quHe uMHe h nparoBil. Craru.rxr4 nocMarpaHo, ro je pouJThrb ca
KOHT!4HyanHnM nOAy)<Hl4M rpeAar\4a OnrepehenrM noKpeTHuv onrepeherbeM H
eracTrHHo yKft euTeHhM nonpeqHr4M uranc B14Ma. oeaxeoj xoncrpyxqraju 3acTop
npeAcraBrba enacrncHy noAnory.
Ha cnrqr 5.11 rr,lory ce yoerTr4 caBpeMeH[ eneMeHTr4 KonoceKa - 6eroscxr
nparoBn, npuvspluherra n ypef ajr 3a noMepaFbe jesuvaxa cKperHntle
MeFbafiHLle.
170 Xenesnw4e

{ :'.. ":::;rr,
,l :r:.;: a::;:.i:a:
i.] .!':r:-..r:i
,.'.'.:.: *i:r:i:4

. ' ::;::.;::a:..41::a:;.: .

:!.;y,;:.;.':,,: '"

,:.l .r-1:i;i::,'" .
:. .11-i,:.i;i,-:.

.It;

$i
tl1.:

'
t':
t

Cnrxa 5.11. EnerueHTu caBpeMeHor KonoceKa

Trnoea ur4Ha fiMa pa3Hrx M 3aBhce oA HaMeHe npyre u onrepehersa xoje ce no

ruoj xpehe. Ha cnnqu 5.12 cy npuKasaHr4 HeKr KapaKrepr4crHqHr4 ri4noBH uJuHa.

:,T"X.-T"&s-€.r -f .I.H k R
CnNxa 5.'1 2. Kapaxrephcrt4qHr4 rr4noBr4 uuna xoje npoh3BoAr4 ThyssenKrupp
Xenesnn4e 111

3axearuyjyfir4 HanperKy rexuonorrje npoil3BoAbe, AaHauFbe uilHe rMa1y

gyxr,l.re-ra go 120 rrrerapa. LUrHe ronrxux AyxilHa Mory flaKo Aa ce rpaHcnopryjy
npyroM Ao Mecra yrPafraarua.

JII/TEPATVPA:

11l Robert G. Hennes & Martin Ekse, Fundamentals of Transportation

Engineering, second edition, 1969. McGraw-Hill, lnc.
t11
tLl Wiliam W. Hay, An lntroduction to Transportation Engineering, 1961'
John Wiley & Sons, lnc.

t3l fiyruan 6ajuh, OcHoeI,t npojerrosana xene3Hllqxux npyra, l-pafiesuncxn

Oarynrer 6eorpa4, 6eorpa.q 1978.
l4l Caeo JaFbuh, XenegHH,tKe craHuqe l, i-paflearaHcxtl Oaxynrer Seorpag,
Seorpag 1983.