PATHOLOGY PAPER 1

ESSAYS- 27 SN- 94

CELL INJURY, ADAPTATION, DEATH

Short notes
1. Types of Apoptosis with examples
2. Types of Necrosis with examples
3. Intracellular bacterial killing mechanism
4. Enumerate cell adaptations, give examples : Atrophy, Hypertrophy,
Hyperplasia, Metaplasia
5. Differences between Apoptosis and Necrosis
6. Dystrophic Calcification
7. Pathogenesis of Fatty Change

ACUTE / CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

Essays
1. Define Acute Inflammation. Enumerate the processes involved. Describe in
detail the Chemical Mediators involved.
2. Define Inflammation. What are the essential macroscopic features (cardinal
signs) of acute inflammation? Describe the role of Chemical Mediators in Acute
inflammation.

Short Notes
1. Adhesion Molecules
2. Granulomatous Inflammation
3. Sequelae of Acute Inflammation
4. Chronic Inflammation
5. Chemo taxis
6. Phagocytosis

MCQ’s
1. Schilling test
2. Bernard Soliel Syndrome
3. Piommer Vinson Syndrome

TISSUE REPAIR: CELL REGENERATION AND FIBROSIS

Essay
1. What is repair? Name the types of wound healing. Describe healing of a clean
surgical wound. List 2 complications of wound healing.

Short Notes
1. Local and Systemic factors in wound healing
2. Granulation Tissue
3. Fracture Healing
HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOSIS AND SHOCK

Essays
1. Define the terms Thrombosis, Embolism and Infarction. Discuss the
aetiopathogenesis of thrombus formation and its fate.
2. Deep Vein Thrombosis.
3. Edema – Classify, Discuss the pathogenesis of cardiac and renal edema.

Short Notes
1. Pathogenesis of edema.
2. Pulmonary Thromboembolism
3. Pathogenesis of Septic Shock
4. Air Embolism
5. Exudate
6. Embolism
7. Infarction

DISEASES OF IMMUNITY

Essays
1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
2. HIV ( not so imp)

Short Notes
1. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
2. Type 3 Hypersensitivity
3. Type 4 Hypersensitivity
4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
5. Rheumatoid Arthritis
6. Amyloidosis
7. Types of Amyloidosis
8. Secondary Amyloidosis
9. Classification of Amyloid Substances

NEOPLASIA

Essays
1. Define carcinogen. Classify chemical carcinogens. Describe in detail chemical
 carcinogenesis.
2. Define Neoplasia. Describe the role of genetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis.
Add a note on premalignant lesions.
3. Define Neoplasia. Discuss differences between benign and malignant
neoplasms. Write in detail about modes of spread of tumors.

Short Notes
1. Tumor Suppression Genes
2. Grading and Staging of Tumors
3. Tumor Markers
4. Oncogenes
5. Metastasis
6. Chromosomal Abnormalities in Neoplasia
7. Cellular characteristics of Malignancy
8. Metastatic Cascade
9. Paraneoplastic Syndrome

GENETIC AND PEDIATRIC DISEASES

Essay
1. Cystic Fibrosis

Short Notes
1. Barr Body
2. Turner Syndrome
3. Down Syndrome – Trisomy 21
4. Klinefelter Syndrome
5. Phenylketonuria
6. Respiratory Diseases of the newborn
7. SIDS
8. Hydrops Fetalis
9. Immune Hydrops
10. FISH
11. Wilms Tumor
12. Marfans Syndrome
13. Principles underlying X-linked inheritance

ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES

Short Notes
1. Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiations
2. Vit. K deficiency
3. Coal workers Pneumoconiosis
4. Asbestosis
5. Oral Contraceptives
6. Protein Energy Malnutrition
7. Vit. A deficiency
8. Vit. E deficiency
 9. Rickets
10. Obesity

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Essay
1. Tuberculosis

Short Notes
1. Primary Complex
2. Diff b/o Primary and Secondary TB.
3. Primary TB
4. Tuberculoid Leprosy (not so imp)
5. Diff b/o Tubeculoid and Lepromatous Leprosy (not so imp)

HEMATOLOGY

Essays
1. Define Acute Leukemia. Classify. Investigations
2. Classify Anemia. Describe the pathogenesis, pathology and lab diagnosis of Iron
Deficiency Anemia.
3. Sickle Cell Anemia
4. Hereditary Spherocytosis
5. Aplastic Anemia
6. Megaloblastic Anemia
7. AML
8. ALL
9. CML
10. CLL
11. Multiple Myeloma
12. DIC
13. Hemophilia A
14. Thallasemia – Classification, Pathogenesis, Manifestations, Lab Diagnosis

Short Notes
1. AML – M3
2. CML
3. Etiopathogenesis of DIC
4. Hemophilia A
 5. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
6. Burkitts Lymphoma
7. Classification of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
8. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
9. ESR
10. Leukamoid Reaction
11. Classification of Acute Leukemia
12. Functional Platelet Disorders
13. Hazards of blood transfusion
14. Agranulocytosis
15. Hematocrit
16. Von Willebrands disease

MISCELLANEOUS

Short Notes
1. Exfoliate cytology
2. Indications for bone marrow examination
3. Screening of blood before transfusion

PATHOLOGY PAPER 2

ESSAYS- 36 SN- 98
BLOOD VESSELS

Essays
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Hypertension

Short Notes
1. Different types of Aneurysms
2. Coarctation of Aorta
3. Syphilitic Aneurysms
4. Aortic Dissection
5. Wegener Granulomatosis
 6. Buerger Disease (Thromboangitis Obliterans)
7. Kaposi Sarcoma
8. Major and Minor risk factors foe ATH

HEART

Essays
1. Describe the aetiopathogenesis, pathology and complications of Ischemic Heart
Disease
2. Myocardial Infarction : Gross and Microscopy and Lab Diagnosis

Short Notes.
1. Angina Pectoris
2. Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease
3. Calcific Aortic Stenosis
4. Mitral Valve Prolapse
5. Libman – Sacks Endocarditis
6. Complications of Infective Endocarditis
7. Atrial Septal Defects
8. Ventricular Septal Defects
9. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
10. Tetralogy of Fallot
11. Coarctation of Aorta

LUNG AND URT

Essays
1. Define and Classify Emphysema. Describe its aetiopathogenesis and pathology.
2. Asthma
3. TB
4. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
5. Define Chronic Bronchitis. Etiopathogenesis
Short Notes
1. Bronchiectasis
2. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
3. Sarcoidosis
4. Pulmonary Thromboembolism
5. Wegener Granulomatosis
6. Community Acquired Acute Pneumonias
7. Lung Abscess
8. Lobar Pneumonia
9. Etiology of Lung Cancer

KIDNEY

Essays
1. Nephrotic Syndrome (child with h/o fever and swelling of face for 10 days) :
Pathological changes and Differential Diagnosis
2. Nephritic Syndrome

Short Notes
1. Minimal Change Nephropathy
2. Kidney lesions in SLE
3. Membranous Glomerulonephritis
4. Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis
5. Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
6. Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
7. Acute Pyelonephritis
8. Drug induces interstitial nephritis
9. Acute Tubular Necrosis
10. Malignant Hypertension
11. Polycystic Kidney Disease (Adult)
12. Polycystic Kidney Disease (Childhood)
13. Renal Stones
14. Hydronephrosis
15. Renal Cell Carcinoma
16. Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome

ORAL CAVITY AND GIT

Essays
1. Define Peptic Ulcer. Describe the pathology and complications. Mention the
sites of occurrence.
2. Gastric Carcinoma
3. Colorectal Carcinoma

Short Notes
1. Leukoplakia
2. Hiatal Hernia
3. Achalasia
4. Barrett Esophagus
5. Chronic Gastritis
6. Acute Gastritis
7. Malabsorption Syndrome
8. Idiopathic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
9. Crohns Disease
10. Complications of Ulcerative Colitis
11. Colonic Diverticulosis
12. Adenomas
13. Familial Polyposis Syndrome
14. Acute Appendicitis
15. Amoebic Colitis
16. Etiology of Gastric Carcinoma
17. Morphology of Gastric Carcinoma
18. Role of H.Pylori in causation of Chronic Gastritis
19. Pleomorphic Adenoma of Salivary Gland

LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT

Essays
1. Portal Hypertension
2. Cirrhosis : define, Classify, Features, Complications
3. Viral Hepatitis : Classify, Hepatitis B, Clinical features, Stages
4. Alcoholic Liver Disease
5. Primary Carcinoma of the Liver : Hepatocellular

Short Notes
1. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2. Jaundice
3. Cholestasis
4. Hepatic Encephalopathy
5. Liver Abscess
6. Hemochromatosis
7. Wilson’s Disease
8. α – Antitrypsin deficiency
9. Portal Vein obstruction
10. Cholelitiasis (Gall Stones)
11. Cholecystitis
12. Histopathology of Liver in Acute Viral Hepatitis
13. Pathology of Alcoholic Liver Disease
 14. Risk factors for Gall Stones

PANCREAS

Essays
1. Acute pancreatitis
2. Chronic Pancreatitis
3. Carcinoma of the Pancreas
4. Diabetes Mellitus : Classify, Pathogenic factors, Pathogenesis, Complications

Short Notes
1. Zollinger – Ellison Syndrome (Gastrinomas)
2. Acute Pancreatitis

MALE GENITAL SYSTEM

Essays
1. Testicular Neoplasms : Classify, Important Features of Germ Cell Tumors
2. Prostatic Carcinoma

Short Notes
1. Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate
2. Seminoma
3. Syphilis
4. Gonorrhea
5. Nongonococcal Urethritis

FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND BREAST

Essays
1. Carcinoma of the Breast
2. Tumors of the Cervix : Ca cervix – etiology, pathology, staging
3. Ovarian Tumors : Classify, Pathology of Germ Cell tumors

Short Notes
1. Cervicitis
2. Endometriosis
3. Endometrial Hyperplasia
4. Endometrial Carcinoma
5. Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
6. Hydatidiform Mole : Partial and Complete
7. Serous Cystadenoma of the ovary
8. Role of HPV in Ca Cervix
9. Phyllodes tumor of the breast

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Essays
1. Hyperthyroidism
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Carcinoma of Thyroid

Short Notes
1. Graves Disease
2. Hashimotos Thyroiditis
3. Cushing Syndrome
4. Compare any 2 malignant tumors of the thyroid gland (morphology and clinical
features)

MUSCULOSKELTAL SYSTEM

Essays
1. Osteoporosis
2. Osteoarthritis

Short Notes
1. Ricketts
2. Osteomalacia
3. Osteomyelitis : Chronic and Pyogenic
4. Differences b/o Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
5. Myasthenia Gravis
6. Pagets disease of the bone
7. Osteosarcoma
8. Giant Cell tumor of the bone (Osteoclastoma)

SKIN

Essay
1. Malignant Melanoma

Short Notes
1. Psoriasis
2. Lichen Planus
3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
4. Basal Cell Carcinoma
5. Nevocellular Nevus

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Essays
1. Alzheimer’s Disease
2. Parkinsonism

Short Notes
1. Saccular Aneurysms
2. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
3. Chronic Meningitis
 4. CSF findings in Meningitis
5. CSF in Tuberculous Meningitis
6. Indications and Contraindications for Lumbar Puncture
7. Describe CSF in Pyogenic Meningitis

Forensic Medicine

Essays- 14 SN- 50

Essays
1. Drowning : Define, Classify, Causes of Death, PM Appearance, Lab Diagnosis,
Medico-Legal Importance.
2. Strangulation : Define, Classify, Causes of Death, PM Appearance, Lab
Diagnosis, Medico-Legal Importance.
3. Abortion : Define, Classify, Complication and Causes of Death in Criminal
Abortion, Indication of Termination of Pregnancy under MTP Act.
4. Medical Negligence : Define and Classify. Defences available in a case of
Medical Negligence. Functions of Medical Council of India.
5. Define Dacylography and briefly describe Poroscopy. How are finger prints
recorded? Medico-Legal Importance.
6. Define Professional Secrecy. What are the exceptions to it? Examples of
unethical practices a medical practitioner should avoid.
7. Identity : What are the various features of it? Medico-Legal Importance of Hair.
8. Insanity : What are various manifestations? How is an insane person restrained?
Mention laws governing restraint.
9. Poisons : Classify. What are modalities of Treatment Poisoning. Carbolic Acid
Poisoning : Signs and Symptoms and PM findings.
10. Aphyxia : Signs. Causes of Asphyxial Death. PM findings in a case of
Drowning/Hanging.
11. Rape : Define. Comment on Custodial and Marital Rape. Examination of a
victim in a case of rape.
12. Mechanical Injury : Classify. Difference between ante and post mortem
injuries. Difference between Suicidal and Homicidal cut throat injuries. Age of
 the injury : assessment
13. Drunkenness
14. Professional Misconduct

Short Notes
1. Dying Declaration
2. Medical Importance of Air Embolism
3. Hallucinations
4. Treatment of Organophosphorous Compound Poisoning
5. Definition and types of antidote
6. Features of Chronic Lead Poisoning
7. Mechanism of Action of Organophosphorous Poisoning
8. Botulism
9. Mercurialism
10. Xanthoproteic reaction
11. Various manifestations of Insanity. How is an insane person restrained? Mention
laws governing restraint.
12. Tattoo marks
13. Filigree burns
14. Aflatoxin
15. Informed Consent
16. Vagal Inhibition
17. Cadaveric Spasm
18. Abrasion Collar
19. Lathyris Sativis
20. Macerated foetus
21. Rape Trauma Syndrome
22. Plumbism : Chronic lead Poisoning
23. Clinical features and management of Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
24. Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur : Under Medical Law and Ethics
25. Significance of en of Hyoid Bone in Medico-Legal Autopsy
26. Treatment of Snake Bite
27. Lucid Interval
28. Cholinesterase Reactivators
29. Value of Blood Group Examination in determination of Paternity
30. Contributary negligence and its value as a defence in Medical Litigation
31. Delusions
32. Objectives of Medical Examination of a victim in an alleged case of Rape
33. Causes of Impotence in Males
34. Methods of Recording Oral Evidence of a witness in a court of Law.
35. Fractures of Skull
36. Causes of Death in burns
37. Artefacts
38. Supravital reaction
39. Corpus Delecti : Identification
40. Chelating Agents
41. Treatment of Parathion Poisoning
42. Toxalbumins
43. Court Procedures
44. Medico legal Importance of Age
 45. Testementary Capacity
46. Paederasty : Sexual Offences(Sodomy)
47. Lochia : Pregnancy
48. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
49. State Medical Council
50. Paracetamol Overdose

Microbiology Paper 1

Essays-16 SN-109
General Bacteriology

Essays
1. Mechnism of Gene Transfer. Account of drug resistance in Bacteria
2. Define Sterilization. Enumerate the methods of Sterilization. Describe moist
heat sterilization
3. Describe the morphology of a bacterial cell wall with a suitable diagram
4. Disinfectants
Short Notes
1. Bacterial Spores
2. Bacterial Filters
3. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
4. Flagella
5. Bacterial Capsule
6. Moist Heat Sterilization
7. Autoclave
8. Transferable drug resistance
9. Transport Media
10. Mutation
11. Cell wall deficient form of Bacteria
12. Tyndallisation
13. Selective Media
14. Transduction
15. Chemical Disinfectant
16. Enrichment Media
17. Antibiogram
18. Gaseous Disinfectants
19. Plasmids
20. Drug Resistance
21. Anaerobic Cultivation Methods
22. Bacterial Endospores
23. Pasteurization
24. L Forms
25. Bacterial Toxins
26. Spotring Anaerobes
27. Growth Curve
28. Conjugation
29. Kochs Postulate and Louis Pasteurs contribution
30. Toxins : exo and endo

IMMUNOLOGY

Essays
1. Classify Hypersensitivity reactions. Describe Type 1 Hypersensitivity
2. Define and Classify Immuniy. Describe in detail acquired immunity.
 3. Enumerate Ag-Ab reactions. Describe in detail agglutination reactions. Describe
gel precipitation reaction
4. Classify Immunoglobulins. Describe the structure, properties and functions
of IgG
hemolytc disseases..
Short Notes
1. Active Immunity
2. ELISA
3. Allograft Reaction
4. Passive Acquired Immunity
5. IgG
6. Immunosuppressive agents
7. Immunoflourescence
8. Adjuvants
9. Innate Immunity
10. Agglutination Reactions
11. T Lymphocytes
12. Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction
13. Complement
14. Delayed Hypersensitivity
15. IgA
16. IgM
17. Passive Immunity
18. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
19. Tumor Antigens
20. Mechanism of Autoimmunity
21. Heterophile Agglutination / Ag
22. Allograft Rejection
23. Histocompatibility AgS
24. Mantoux Test
25. Coombs Test
26. IgE
27. Monoclonal Antibodies
28. B Lymphocytes
29. Types of Hypersensitivity : Schwartzman Reaction
30. Widal Test
31. Graft v/s Host Reaction
32. Precipitation Reaction
33. Human Leukocyte Antigen
34. Cytokines
35. herd immunity
36. immunodeficency
37. complet fix test
38. radioimmunoassay
39. classic/alternative pathey
40. mucosa malt
41. t/b cell maturation
42. null cell
43. mhc- major histcompatibily complex
44. hla complex and tpyin
 45. humaral resposanse
46.
47.

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY

Essays
1. Clostridia : Classify, Pahogenesis, Lab Diag and Prophylaxis of Tetanus (OR)
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Gas Gangrene
2. Mycobacteria : Classify, Describe, Pathogenesis, Lab Diag and Prophylaxis of
Pulmonary TB
3. Enteric Fever : Etiopathogenesis, Lab Diag and Prophylaxis
4. Enumerate organisms causing STD’s. Describe the pathogenesis and lab diag of
Syphilis. Classify Spirochetes.
5. Streptococci : Classify and mention virulence factors. Write abpout
pathogenesis and lab diag of infections caused by Strep. Pyogenes
6. Cl. Perfringes(rta-foul smelling discharge, crepitus +) : Etiology, Pathogenesis,
Lab Diag and Treatment. Enumerate the toxins of Cl. Wellchii.
7. Cholera : Pathogenesis, Lab Diag
8. Diphtheria

Short Notes
1. Non specific Urethritis
2. Eleks Test
3. Lab Diag of plague
4. Halophilic Vibrios
5. Lab Diag of Enteric Fever
6. Prophylaxis of Tetanus
7. Cl. Botulinum
8. Quellung Reaction
9. Collection and Transport of Specimens for Cholera
10. Lymphogranuloma Venereum
11. Toxin Mediated Staph. Infections
12. Q fever
13. Toxic Shock Syndrome
14. Lab Diag of Cholera
15. H.Pylori
16. Naegler Reaction
17. Lab Diag of Gonorrhoea
18. Listeria Monocytogenes
19. Atypical Mycobacteria
20. Weils Disease
21. Pertussis
22. Treponemal Test
23. Travellers Diarrhoea
24. Legionella Pnemophilia
25. Gas Gangrene
26. Lab Diag of Leptospirosis
27. Group B Streptococci
28. BCG Vaccine
 29. Non Suppurative Complications of Strep. Pyogenes
30. Stalactite Growth and Satellitism
31. Lab Diag and Prophylaxis of Whooping Cough
32. Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis
33. Lyme Disease
34. Weil – Felix Test (Rickettsiae)
35. TRIC Agents
36. UTI
37. Typhoid Carrirers
38. Coagulase test
39. Anthrax
40. M.leprae
41. Cl. Difficle
42. Coxiella Burnett
43. Relapsing Fever
44. Hemophilus Ducrey
45. DPT Vaccine

Microbiology Paper 2

Essays- 18 SN- 77

VIROLOGY

Essays
1. Enumerate the various viruses causing Hepatitis. Hep B : Etiology,
Pathogenesis, Lab Diag and Prophylaxis
2. Enumerate Rhabdo viruses. Rabies : Pathogenesis, Lab Diag, Prophylaxis and
Prevention
3. HIV Virus : Morphology, Pathogenesis, Lab Diag and Prevention
4. Classify Herpes Viruses. Describe infections by Herpes Simplex Viruses. Outline
lab Diag
5. Enumerate the Picorna Viruses of Medical Importance. Discuss pathogenesis,
lab diag and prophylaxis of Polio.

Short Notes
1. Cytomegalo virus
2. Tissue Culture
3. Inclusion Bodies
4. Viral Gastroenteritis
5. Dengue
6. Interferons
7. Herpes Simplex Virus
8. Polio Vaccine
9. Antigenic Drift and Shift
 10. Molluscum Contagiosum
11. Epstein Barr Virus
12. Anti – Rabies virus
13. MMR Virus
14. Egg Inoculation in Viral Diagnosis
15. Hep B Markers
16. Prions
17. Japanese Encephalitis
18. Rots virus
19. Infectious Mononucleosis
20. Serological Diag of HIV
21. Cultivation of Viruses
22. Slow virus Diseases
23. Hep C
24. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
25. Mumps
26. Measels
27. Rubella
28. Corona Virus
29. Rota Virus

PARASITOLOGY

Essays
1. Falciparum Malaria : Pathogenesis, Complicatios and Lab Diag. Outline the life
cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum
2. Wucheria Bancrofti : Outline the life cycle. Describe the pathogenesis, clinical
features and lab diag of Filariasis
3. Classify Nematodes. Ascaris Lumbricoides : Life Cycle, Pathogenesis, Lab Diag,
Prevention
4. Enumerate pathogenic and non – pathogenic amoebae. Amoebiasis :
Pathogenesis and Lab Diag. Life cycle of E. Histolytica
5. Enumerate Cestodes. Describe life cycle of T. Solium. Discuss the clinical
features and Lab Diag of T. Solium infection
6. Enumerate species of Malarial Parasite. Describe the human cycle of
Falciparum
7. Classify Cestodes. Outline formation of Hydatid Cyst. Describe clinical features
and lab diag of Hydatid Disease
8. Outline the life cycle of Dracanculus Medinensis. Describe the pathogenesis, lab
 diag and prophylaxis
9. Life Cycle of Ankylostoma Duodenale. Clinical Features and Lab Diag
10. E. Granulosus : life cycle, pathogenesis, lab diag

Short Notes
1. Giardia intestinalis
2. Cutaneous Larva Migrans
3. Lab Diag of Filariasis
4. Toxoplasma Gondii
5. Extraintestinal Amoebiasis
6. Trichuris Trichura
7. Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
8. Pathogenic free living amoeba
9. Cysticercus Cellulosae
10. Schistosoma Haematobium
11. Trichomonas Vaginalis
12. Black Water Fever
13. Enterobius Vermicularis
14. Microfilariae
15. Larva Migrans
16. Lab Diag of Malaria
17. Pneumocystis Carnii
18. Life cycle of Ankylostoma Duodenale
19. Hydatid Cyst/ Disease
20. Cryptosporidium Parvum
21. Human cycle of Plasmodium Vivax
22. LD Bodies
23. Occult Fiariasis
24. Paragonimiasis
25. Cultivation of Protozoan Parasites
26. Chagas Disease
27. Lab Diag of Amoebiasis
28. Hymenolepis Nana
29. Trichinella Spiralis
30. NNN Medium

MYCOLOGY

Essays

1. Opportunistic Fungal Infections : Enumerate. Describe Candidiasis

2. Superficial Mycotic Infections. Details on Dermatophytes.
3. Classify fungi and describe Dermatophytes

Short Notes
1. Cryptococcal Meningitis
2. Oculomycosis
 3. Lab Diag of Fungal Infections
4. Mycetoma
5. Reynolds – Braude phenomenon
6. Aspergillosis
7. Mycotoxins (Chakravarti)
8. Candidiasis
9. Cryptococcus Neoformans
10. Dermatophytes
11. Histoplasma Capsulatum
12. Rhinosporidia
13. Superficial Mycotic Infections
14. Nosocomial Infections
15. Dig of Ring Worm infection
16. Opportunistic Infections
17. Classification based on Morphology

APPLIED MICOBIOLOGY

Short Notes
1. Conc methods for examination of Stools
2. Lab Diag of Gonorrhoea

Pharmacology
Paper I

General Pharmacology
Essay:
1. Routes of dry administration – 6
2. Pharmacokinetics, Absorption – 11
3. Biotransformation – 20
4. Factors modifying drug action – 52

SN:
1. Transdermal therapeutic systems – 8
2. Parenteral – 9
3. Passive Diffusion – 12
4. Bioavailability – 15
5. Distribution – 16
6. Plasma protein binding – 18
7. Inhibition of drug metabolism – 23
8. First pass metabolism – 24
9. Renal Excretion – 26
10. Plasma half-life – 28
11. Prologation of drug action – 31
12. Transducer mechanism – 39
13. Drug potency and efficiency 47
14. Genetics 54
15. Idiosyncracy 62
 16. Teratogenicity 65
17. Mechanisms of drug action 33
18. Inhibition 34
19. Through receptors 35
20. Synergism 49
21. Age 53
22. Poisoning 62

ANS
Essay:
1. Cholinergic drugs 79
2. Anticholinesterase 81
3. Glaucoma 85
4. Anticholinergic drugs 93
5. Adrenergic drugs 106 and classification 112
6. -adrenergic blockers 119
7. -adrenergic blockers 124
SN:
1. Table 6.3 78
2. Table 6.4 79
3. Cholinomimetic alkaloids 81
4. Table 6.6 84
5. Open angle claucoma 85
6. Timolol 86
7. Angle clousure glaucoma 89
8. Myasthenia gravis 89
9. Overtreatment with anticholinesterase 90
10. Anticholinesterase poisoning 91
11. Atropine substitutes 96
12. Mydriatics 98
13. Table 8.4 109
14. Dopamine 112
15. Phenyephrine 113
16. Nasal decongestants 114
17. Labetald 131

Autocoids
Essay:
1. NSAIDs 167
SN:
1. Actions of histamine 136
2. H. antagonists 139
3. 2nd generation antihistamines 114
4. S-HT antagonist 149
5. Drug therapy of migraine 151 lippincot
6. Pg. Thx 158
7. PAF 165
8. Ibuprofen 177
9. Nimesulide 179
10. Didofenac Sodium 178
 11. Ketorolac 178
12. Paracetamol 181
13. Disease modifying anti-something drugs 185
14. Drugs used in gout 188
15. Sulfinpyrazone 190
16. Uric acid synthesis inhibitor Allopurinol 191

PNS
Essay:
1. Peripherally acting muscle relaxants 309
2. Local Anasthetics 320

SN:
1. Pancuronium 314
2. Doxacurium 314
3. Pipecurionium 314
4. Dontrolene 316
5. Centrally acting muscle relaxants 317
6. Bupirocaine 326

CNS
Essay:
1. General anesthetics 338
2. Sedative hypnotics 357
3. Antiepilectic drugs 369
4. Antiparkinsonian drugs 381
5. Antipsychotic drugs 391
6. Antidepressant drugs 405
SN:
1. Stages of anesthesia 334
2. MAC 333
3. 2nd gas effect & diffusion hypoxia 337
4. Nitrous oxide 339
5. Ether 339
6. Halothane 339
7. Thiopentone Sod./ Inducing agents 342
8. Ketamine 344
9. Complications of general anesthetics 345
10. Preandesthetic medication 345
11. Ethyl aclcohol
12. Disulfiram 353
13. Treatment of methanol 354
14. Acute barbiturate poisoning 360
15. Flumezenil
16. Phenobarbitone 370
17. Phenytoin 371
18. Carbemazepine 373
19. Ehtosuximide 374
20. Valproic Acid 375
21. Hallucinogens 403
 22. SSR1 411
23. Mood stabilizing 414
24. Morphine 420
25. Codeine 424
26. Pethidine 424
27. Naloxone 432

CVS
Essay:
1. Cardiac glycosides 457
2. Antiarrhythmic drugs 472
3. Nitrates 488
4. Antihypertensive drugs 503
SN:
1. ACE inhibitors/Captopril 449
2. Losartan 453
3. Treatment of CHF 467
4. Class III 481
5. Class IV 482
6. Central sympatholytics 509

Renal
Essay:
1. Diuretic 525
SN:
1. Spiranolactone
2. Desmopressin

Blood and Blood Formation

Essay:
1. Antiplatelet
SN:
1. Oral preparation of iron
2. Acute iron poisoning 550
3. Vit b12 551
4. Folic Acid 554
5. Vit K (coagulants) 558
6. Thrombolytics 569
7. Plasma expanders 583
8. Anticoagulant heparin 561
9. LMW heparins
10. Oral anticoagulants

Paper II
RS drugs
Essay:
 1. Drugs for bronchial asthma
SN:
1. Drugs for cough
2. Methylxanthines 201
3. Leukotriene antagonsists 205
4. Mast cell stabilizers

Hormones
Essay:
1. Thyroid inhibitors 230
2. Insulin 236
3. Oral Hypoglycemic drugs 245
4. Corticosteroids 254
5. Calcium 297
SN:
1. GH 215
2. Somatostatin 217
3. Bromocriptine 218
4. Antithyroid drugs 230
5. Iodine and Iodides 232
6. Radioactive iodine 233
7. Diabetic ketoacidosis 243
8. Sulfanylurease 246
9. Biguanides 248
10. Prednisolone 261
11. Dexamethasone 261
12. Aldosterone 261
13. Anabolic steroids 270
14. Finesteride 272
15. Estrogens 272
16. SERMs 278
17. Progestin 280
18. Antiprogestin 283
19. Female contraception 285
20. Oxytocin 292
21. Toclytics 295
22. Calcitonin 301
23. Bisphosphonates 304

GIT drugs
Essay:
1. Peptic Ulcer 587
SN:
1. PPI 591
2. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 592
3. PG analogue 593
4. Anti H. Pylori drugs 597
5. Neuroleptics 602
 6. Prohinetic/cisapride 602
7. Treatment of diarrhoea
8. GERD 605
9. Ondanstetron 606
10. Gall stone dissolving agents 608
11. Laxatives

Antimicrobials
Essay:
1. Classification of antimicrobial 628
2. Penicillins 653
3. Tetracyclins 668
4. Aminoglycosides 678
5. Anti TB drugs 698
6. Anti leprtotic drugs 709
7. Antimalarial drugs 736
SN:
1. Superinfection
2. Combined use of antimicrobial 636
3. Sulfonamide 641
4. Cotrimoaxaxole 644
5. Fluoroquinolones 647
6. Ciprofloxacin 648
7. Ampicillin 659
8. Amoxacillin 660
9. Clavulenic acid 661
10. Cephalosporines 662
11. Cephotaxime 664
12. Cephtazidine 665
13. Choloramphinicol 673
14. Streptomycin 681
15. Gentamycin 682
16. Neomycine 684
17. Macrolide 686
18. Clerithromycin 689
19. Azithromycin 689
20. Vancomycin 691
21. Treatment of UTI
22. Amphtericin B 715
23. Ketoconezole 721
24. Accloviv 726
25. Zidovudine 728
26. NNRTI 730
27. Interferon 733
28. Metronidazole 750
29. Chloroquine 753
30. Diloxanide furoate 753
31. Mebendazole 759
32. Albendazole 761
 33. Ivermectin
Chemo
Essay:
1. Methotrexate 772
2. Cisplatin 777
3. Toxicity amelionation 780

Misc. Drugs
SN:
1. Cyclosporine 785
2. Drugs for psoriasis 798
3. Retinoic acid 800
4. Dimercaprol 812
5. EDTA 813
6. Pencillamine 814
7. Desferoxime 814