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Ferries
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Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries
The trend in high-speed passenger ferries is moving towards ever bigger and faster boats for
combined transport of passengers and vehicles.
The Sixties were very much the era of the hydrofoil. Most were built in
Europe - mainly in Italy and the USSR. But there were a few shipyards in
Asia (in Japan and Hong Kong for example) which were involved in
development and production. The hydrofoil builders in the former USSR
used home-produced engines and designed mainly shallow water
vessels for use on rivers and lakes. The Italian hydrofoils on the other
hand, most of which were built at the Cantieri Navali Rodriguez shipyard,
were all sea-going designs and without exception were powered by MTU
12V 493 engines, at that time the "workhorse" for this type of craft.
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Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries
The biggest hydrofoils were built in 1969 in Norway and had a capacity of 250 passengers and a weight of around 170
tones. They needed two MTU 20V 538 engines to attain a speed of 36 knots. They also required a torque converter
developed by MTU for the take-off operation. This particular design marked the pinnacle of hydrofoil development.
Operators, however, complained of the high running costs. The cause of what today are referred to as high "life cycle
costs" was, however, not so much the power unit but the overall design of those unconventional vessels.
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Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries
Today, most catamarans in the 40m to 50m class are fitted with twin
or quadruple 16V 396 or 16V 4000 engines. Depending on weight and
size, the 4,000 kW or 9,280 kW of power those engines provide
enable them to achieve operating speeds from approx. 30 to 40
knots.
MTU has always paid special attention to the high-speed ferries market sector. Engines have been continually improved
on the basis of analyses of operating data in order to satisfy the demands of the operators with regard to reliability and
availability. Today, there are more than 1,500 Series 396 and 4000 engines in use in high-speed ferries around the
world.
The last eight years have seen the emergence of even bigger ferries. They are designed as sea-going vessels for use
on longer routes and are capable of carrying not only passengers but also cars, trucks and coaches. The leaders in the
development of this new generation of ferries are the Australian shipyards producing catamarans from 74m up to 112m.
Even 126m trimarans are available. Other shipyards have concentrated on monohulls up to a length of 146m. Speed
target of most ferries is at approx. 40 knots.
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Mercurial Growth in High-Speed Passenger Ferries
In the summer of 1994, the first "Aquastrada" class ferry, the "Guizzo", started scheduled service between Italy and
Sardinia. The slim, 101m monohull design is powered by an MTU combined diesel and gas turbine propulsion system.
Apart from the diesel engines, MTU also supplied the General Electric gas turbines and all accessories. This year, the
"Guizzo" and its sister ship, the "Scatto", will continue to ply between the Italian mainland and Sardinia.
For the sun seeking tourists, these two ferries
shorten the crossing to only a few hours. And they
don't have to leave their cars behind either because
Aquastrada class ferries not only have space for 450
passengers but for around 150 cars as well. From
the small hydrofoil to the catamaran and ultimately
the superfast jumbo ferry, the developments over
the past 30 years have been impressive and MTU is
proud to have been part of them. And the
Friedrichshafen engine manufacturers are
determined to continue to be involved in shaping
future developments with new ideas and products
which will meet the demands and expectations of
shipbuilders and operators.
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Trimaran)
“Benchijigua Express”
Length: 127m
Speed: 40.5 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1290/340
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000
Power: 4 x 9100 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Pacificat Explorer”
Length: 122m
Speed: 37 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1000/250
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Alakai”
Length: 107m
Speed: 35 knots
Passengers/Cars: 866/282
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000
Power: 4 x 8200 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Osman Gazi I”
Length: 88m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1200/225
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000
Power: 4 x 7200 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
Length: 87m
Speed: 45 knots
Passengers/Cars: 900/238
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 8000
Power: 4 x 8200 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Adnan Menderes”
Length: 86m
Speed: 37 knots
Passengers/Cars: 800/200
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Almottahedah-1“
Length: 82m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 600/175
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Tallink AutoExpress 2”
Length: 82m
Speed: 38 knots
Passengers/Cars: 700/175
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Avemar Dos”
Length: 82m
Speed: 41 knots
Passengers/Cars: 900/175
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Croazia Jet”
Length: 82m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 650/156
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Fairweather”
Length: 72m
Speed: 38 knots
Passengers/Cars: 263/68
Propulsion: 4 x 16V 595
Power: 4 x 3600 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Maria Dolores”
Length: 68m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 600/65
Propulsion: 6 x 16V 4000
Power: 6 x 2465 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Turgut Reis I”
Length: 60m
Speed: 34 knots
Passengers/Cars: 450/94
Propulsion: 2 x 20V 1163
Power: 2 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Catamaran)
“Tanger Jet”
Length: 60m
Speed: 33 knots
Passengers/Cars: 572/58
Propulsion: 2 x 20V 1163
Power: 2 x 5400 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Taurus”
Length: 146m
Speed: 40 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1800/460
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6700 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Red Sea I”
Length: 140m
Speed: 42 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1742/442
Propulsion: 2 x 20V 8000
Power: 2 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“NGV Liamone”
Length: 134m
Speed: 42 knots
Passengers/Cars: 1000/250
Propulsion: 2 x 20V 1163
Power: 2 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Sardinia Express”
Length: 103m
Speed: 37 knots
Passengers/Cars: 535/150
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
Length: 102m
Speed: 37 knots
Passengers/Cars: 500/148
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Guizzo”
Length: 102m
Speed: 40 knots
Passengers/Cars: 450/127
Propulsion: 2 x 16V 595
Power: 2 x 3565 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Unicorn”
Length: 101m
Speed: 42 knots
Passengers/Cars: 423/106
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Scatto”
Length: 101m
Speed: 44 knots
Passengers/Cars: 450/126
Propulsion: 2 x 16V 595
Power: 2 x 3565 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Jet Ferry 1”
Length: 95m
Speed: 32 knots
Passengers/Cars: 600/160
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Queen Nefertiti”
Length: 95m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 580/130
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6500 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“Speedrunner 2”
Length: 95m
Speed: 36 knots
Passengers/Cars: 580/173
Propulsion: 4 x 20V 1163
Power: 4 x 6000 kW
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Fast Passenger/Car Ferry (Monohull)
“The Princess”
Length: 84m
Speed: 35 knots
Passengers/Cars: 654/86
Propulsion: 4 x 16V 595
Power: 4 x 3925 kW
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Propulsion Units for Large High-Speed Ferries
By the engine Series 595, 1163 and 8000, MTU offer a range of power units with outputs of up to
9,100 kW whose characteristics make them ideally suited for use in high-speed ferries.
As a result of the desire to be able to transport not only people but vehicles as well, the start of the Nineties saw
increasingly lively demand for bigger ferries with lengths of over 75m. While the smaller vessels are normally
equipped by two to four engines and a total output of 4,000
kW to 10,000 kW, the big ferries require between 20,000
kW and 36,000 kW and in some cases considerably more.
Such demands can be satisfied by the use of powerful
diesel engines and/or gas turbines in various propulsion
system configurations. In most cases - for reasons of
economy - they are all-diesel-systems, an area in which
MTU hold a leading position with Series 8000 engines. But
MTU's system know-how based on many years of
experience can provide solutions for other types of
propulsion requirements as well.
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All-Diesel Systems (CODAD Systems)
Of the many possible propulsion system configurations, the two described below are typical examples.
All-diesel systems using four engines have established themselves as the most economical alternative for high-speed
ferries with speeds up to 45 knots.
An all-diesel system has also been fitted in the “Tanger Jet II", a 86m catamaran whose 32,800 kW can bring the vessel
to a top speed of 45 knots. Each of the engines 20V 8000 drives a steerable waterjet so that each unit is fully
independent.
CODAD propulsion of
“Tanger Jet II”:
Two engines 20V8000 each per
catamaran hull
On steerable waterjets
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CODAD System of trimaran
“Benchijigua Express”
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Combined Diesel and Gas Turbine Systems
(CODAG Systems)
Combined systems of this type consisting of an LM2500 gas turbine with an output of 20,800 kW and two diesel engines
each producing 3565 kW are fitted in the "Aquastrada I and II" class ferries. These are narrow single-hulled vessels with
a length of approximately 102m and are capable of a top speed of 44 knots with all three power units running, i.e. with a
total power output of approx. 28,000 kW, while the cruising speed for normal operation is only slightly lower. The
advantage of this type of arrangement is that the gas turbine only needs to be used at the top end of the power range
where it is at its best while the diesel engines can be used for maneuvering and slow speeds. And during the low season
or at night, the two 16V 595s are quite capable of an economical 18 knots.
CODAG propulsion of
monohull “Aquastrada”:
Center plant with gas turbine and
non-steerable waterjet
Two 16V 595 wing plants on
steerable waterjets
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CODAG System of Monohull
Corsaire 13000 “Liamone“
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13
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8 9
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7 5 11
3
1. 2 x MTU 20V 1163 diesel engines 4
2
2. 2 x LM 2500+ gas turbine modules 5 13
3. 2 x Renk BS 210 reduction gearboxes 6
1 10 8
4. 2 x ZF BU 5300 reduction gearboxes
4
5. 5 x ship power units with MTU 12V 183 diesel engines 3
6. 2 x starter systems for gas turbines 7
7. 2 x fuel supply units for gas turbines 1
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CODAG Installation in a 120m Monohull
Propulsion:
2 x 20V 8000 M71L with 9100 kW
1 x MTU LM2500+ Gas Turbine
with 26,000 kW
Total power: 44,200 kW
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CODAG Installation in a Catamaran
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Outlook
The transport capacity, vessel length as well as speed and, thus, the power requirements for fast ferries, have increased
over the years. Whereas 20,000 kW was adequate in the early '90s, the power required for diesel-driven fast ferries has
increased considerably over the last two years.
In order to service routes which are of commercial interest, the majority of such vessels in the future will have a length of
90 to 130 m and a service speed of 40 to 45 knots; this will require propulsion power in excess of 35,000 kW. Power
plants with four diesels will command a dominating position.
Total power of 40,000 kW or more will continue to be provided through power plants with combined diesel engines and
gas turbines.
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References Large Fast Ferries with
MTU Diesel Engines (Status: July 2007)
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There is No Alternative to Quality
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A Tognum Group Company
MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH MTU Asia Pte. Ltd. MTU Detroit Diesel, Inc.
88040 Friedrichshafen 1, Benoi PLace 13400 Outer Drive West
Germany Singapore 629923, Detroit, Michigan 48239
Republic of Singapore USA
Phone +49 7541 90 7003 Phone +65 6861 5922 Phone +1 313 592 7806
Fax +49 7541 90 7081 Fax +65 6861 3615 Fax +1 313 592 5137
marineregion1@mtu-online.com
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