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Mark Scheme

Chemistry PEKA Form 4

Experiment No : ......4.1.............
Topic: Periodic Table of Elements

Aim To investigate the chemical properties of lithium, sodium and potassium

Problem statement How does the reactivity of Group 1 elements change when they react with water?

[ K1PP1(i) - Able to write the aim or problem statement correctly]

Hypothesis When going down Group 1, alkali metals become more reactive in their reaction with
water.

Variables Manipulated variable : Different types of alkali metals


Responding variable : Reactivity of metals
Fixed variable : Water, size of metals

[ K1PP1(ii) - Able to write the hypothesis or variables correctly]

Materials lithium, sodium, potassium, filter paper, distilled water, red litmus paper.
Apparatus water troughs, small knife, forceps.

[ K1PP1(iii) - Able to list all the materials and apparatus correctly]

Procedure 1. Lithium is cut into a small piece with knife and forceps.
2. Oil on the surface of lithium is dried with filter paper.
3. The lithium is placed onto the water surface in a trough.
4. When the reaction stops, the solution produced is tested with red litmus paper.
5. Steps 1 to 4 are repeated and lithium is replaced with sodium and potassium.
9. Observations are recorded in a table form.

[ K1PP1(iv) - Able to write the procedure correctly]


Observation Metal Observation
Lithium Lithium moves slowly on the water surface with ‘hiss’ sound.
A colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue.
Sodium Sodium moves rapidly on the water surface with ‘hiss’ sound.
A colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue.
Potassium Potassium burns with a lilac flame, moves very rapidly on the
water surface with ‘hiss’ and ‘pop’ sound
A colourless solution turns red litmus paper blue.

[ K1PP1(v) - Able to use an appropriate method to collect data ]

[ K3PP1 - Able to write the observations]

[ K3PP2 - Able to write an observation correctly]

[ K3PP3 - Able to write all the observations correctly]

Communication 1. 2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2

2. 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

3. 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2

[K4PP1- Able to write all the chemical equations for the reactions correctly]

Interpreting Li , Na , K
Data 1.
More reactive

2. All the alkali metals show similar chemical properties.

3. Lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and poptassium hydroxide are formed which
caused the red litmus papers to change colour

[K4PP2- Able 1. to arrange the alkali metals in ascending order of reactivity


2. to state alkali metals have same chemical properties
3. name the substances that cause the red limus paper change colour]

Conclusion ....................................................The hypothesis is accepted.


[K4PP3- Able to state the hypothesis is accepted or rejected]

END

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