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Bodycote Heat Treatm ent - O utsource your heat treatm ent requirem ents

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Heat T reatment of Steels - Key Suppliers
Distortion and Dimensional Bodycote Heat Treatment
Control
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Topics Covered Key Experts
Introduction C hris Davies
The Designer's Contribution
Books ASM
The Heat Treater's Contribution
Handbook of Residual Stress and
Deformation of Steel
Introduction
Steels: Processing, Structure, and
Heat treatment processes fall into two Performance
distinct groups, those which harden and RELATED ARTIC LES
those which soften. They all use time and
Heat Treatment - Features and
temperature to alter the microstructure, Process of Austempering by
and hence the mechanical properties of Bodycote Heat Treatment
the steel. Heat Treatment - Applications of
Vacuum Heat Treatment by
It is important to recognise that these Bodycote Heat Treatment
changes are accompanied by changes in
Fluidised Bed Heat Treatments -
volume and hence part size. With good Annealing of Ferrous and Non-
design, material selection, manufacturing Ferrous Metals by Bodycote Heat
Treatment
and heat treatment practice it is possible
to accommodate and allow for, but never C arbonitriding - Process and
Quality C ontrol of C arbonitriding
eliminate, these changes. Surface Treatment by Bodycote
Heat Treatment
The temperatures are also sufficient to
relieve any internal stresses in the Kolsterising - C orrosion Resistant
Surface Hardening of Austenitic
component from cold work or prior heat Stainless Steel by Bodycote Heat
treatment. This too may cause distortion Treatment
of the part. Heat Treatment - Properties and
Advantages of Electron Beam
The Designer's Contribution Welding by Bodycote Heat
Treatment
As far as possible avoid sudden changes of Heat Treatment - Nitriding Surface
part section. Where this is not possible Modification to Meet C ustomer
minimise any stress concentration by the Requirements by Bodycote Heat
Treatment
most generous fillet radii possible and the
smoothest undercuts. Heat Treatment - Treatment and
Analysis of Hardening and
As far as possible avoid mixing thick and Tempering of Steels by Bodycote
Heat Treatment
thin sections in the same component.
Surface Treatment - Features and
If this is not possible then remove excess Methods of Induction Heat
Treatment on Stainless Steel by
metal from the thick section, to equalise Bodycote Heat Treatment
the cooling rates in the thin and thicker
Heat Treatment - Treatment
sections. Process and Benefits of Ferritic
Nitro C arburizing by Bodycote
The layout of any cutouts and holes Heat Treatment
across the section should be as even as
possible, again to equalise cooling rates.
Avoid sharp edged slots, stamp marks or
rough surface finishes which will act as
stress concentrators and crack initiation
sites.
In collaboration with your in-house
metallurgical department, or sub contract
heat treater, select a steel with sufficient
hardenability to achieve your desired
properties in the component section
without the need for an over severe
quench.
Do not economise on inter stage annealing
or normalising to relieve machining or cold
forming stresses. Pennies saved here may

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 cost pounds in scrap or rectification later.
If you are thinking about thermochemical
treatments remember that nitriding and
nitrocarburising are carried out at lower
temperatures than carburising and may
cause lower distortion. Again discuss with
your in-house or sub contract heat
treatment department.

The Heat Treater's Contribution

Always try to achieve the most uniform
temperature, heating and cooling rates
across the furnace load.
Always try to properly jig and adequately
support the part in the furnace to prevent
sagging between supports etc., long
shafts for example are best heat treated
suspended vertically.
To ensure uniform heating of the part by
allowing sufficient soaking time to minimise
warpage.
To recommend the steel with the optimum
heat treatment characteristics. Where
appropriate suggest special processes and
steels with lower intrinsic distortion, (such
as austempering and martempering).
Always use the most economic and
appropriate equipment and process for the
application.
To protect the work from oxidation,
decarburisation or other surface
degradation as far as possible.

Primary author: Steve Harmer

Source: Materials Information Service

For more information on Materials Information

Service please visit The Institute of Materials.

Date Added: Apr 30, 2001

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