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2 Abengoa
Focuses direct sun radiation on a receiver where a heat transfer fluid captures
energy that then is used to produce steam that generates electricity
Cheapest solar technology at utility-scale
Dispatchable source of energy thanks to storage
Allows for hybridation with other sources of energy, either renewables (e.g.
biomass) or conventional (e.g. natural gas)
Photovoltaics
Direct transformation of sun radiation (direct and diffuse) into electricity through
a semiconductor, such as silicon-based cells
Great flexibility in terms of plant size and installation site: it is a distributed
technology
It is not dispatchable, as there are no viable storage technologies
Trough
Operating Principle: The parabolic troughs are used to track the sun and concentrate sunlight
on to the thermally efficient receiver tubes placed in the trough focal line. In these tubes, a
thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as synthetic thermal oil. This oil is then pumped through
a series of heat exchangers to produce steam. The steam is converted to electrical energy in a
conventional steam turbine generator.
Main Components:
Reflector
Absorber tube
Tracking system
Structure
Characteristics:
The most mature solar technology
Large potential with new heat transfer fluids and direct steam
generation
Energy could be stored (molten salt)
Could be hibridized with fossil fuel (ISCC)
Tower
Operating Principle: A fluid located in the receptor is heated by the concentrated rays. This energy is then used t
produce electricity by the Stirling engine
Characteristics:
High efficiencies but still lots of challenges to overcome
Large potential with microturbines and metallic liquid as heat transfer fluid
Photovoltaic Technology I
Operation Principle: When certain materials, called semiconductors, are exposed to
solar rays, electrons from the valence band could be excited to the conduction
band. The physical structure of the semiconductor creates an electric field which
sets the electrons path, thus generating direct electric current.
Crystallized Si
Types
Monocrystalline Silicon (Efficiency ~ 15%)
Crystallised in ingots
Si monocristalino
Uniform color
Thin film
Pollycrystalline Silicon (Efficiency ~ 13%)
Low cost Silicon
Ribbon Silicon (Efficiency ~ 12%)
Si policristalino Manufactured from molten silicon
High Efficiency Silicon (Efficiency ~ 17%)
Types
Rendimiento alto, coste alto.
High efficiency Silicon (Efficiency ~ 17%)
GaAs multijunctionMucho
(Efficiencypotencial
~ 30%)de mejora.
Each layer El
is madeseguidor
of a different material, which
es necesario.
usually is a III-V semiconductor, and absorbs a
GaAs with Fresnel lens different portion of the spectrum.
Solar Power for a Sustainable World 8
ABENGOA SOLAR Technology Roadmap
Develop new storage systems, improving current steam and molten salt systems
Cheaper structures, without jeopardizing durability
Potential new reflective materials cheaper than mirrors (but durability is key challenge)
Utilization of new heat transfer fluids in trough systems to increase temperature (and
efficiency), such as molten salts and direct steam generation
Increase temperature and pressure of steam systems in central receiver systems
(superheated towers, 2nd and 3rd generations)
...and of course, significant gains in learning curve if government continue to support the
industry and large volumes are installed
Carbon policies
Current Cost
Commodity Prices, Fuel volatility and risk
Gap
Financial Markets, Equipment,
etc.
t
CSP energy cost
Fossil energy cost
2 Abengoa
Sales and gross cash flow in 2008 of 2700 M€ and 627 M€, respectively
More than 16.000 employees worldwide
Quoted on the Madrid Stock Exchange Market
Sustained growth through 98-08 (20% CAGR in revenues and 22% in net profit)
2 Abengoa
Two domestic markets (Spain and U.S.) and expansion to international markets (i.e.
Algeria, Morocco)
USA Spain
PS10 Q2 07
Q4 12
5 x 50 =250 MWs 2 x 20 + 10 = 50
MW
The site
The site enjoys of one of the highest solar
radiations in the world
Arizona
PPA and key permits to build the plant are
already secured
Phoenix
Solana
The project
ABENGOA SOLAR
Develops…
Builds…
Operates…
Photovoltaic Plants and Installations
Some Examples…
1.2 MWp 1 MWp (Spain) 0.4 MWp 1.9 MWp 1.8 MWp (Spain) 5.7 MWp
(Spain) (Spain) (Spain) (Spain)
Non-recourse project finance debt has been the traditional financing structure,
but now is challenging
Current financial crisis is generating new forms of financing in the renewables
space
Credibility of the developer and guarantees from the operator and the EPC
contractor are key issues for banks. Only large players can do it successfully
Country credibility is also very important in assessing the overall economic
model, especially in a feed-in-tariff scheme