Code No: R7310306 1

III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010

HEAT TRANSFER
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Illustrate the importance of heat transfer in various fields of engineering.

(b) Determine the study state heat transfer rate through wall, 5m long x 4m high x 0.25m thick,
with its two faces maintained at uniform temperatures of 1000 C and 300 C. The wall is made of
fire brick having thermal conductivity equal to 0.7 W/m-K.
2. (a) Define the overall heat transfer coefficient. Obtain the expression composite wall with three layer
with convective conditions over the wall.
(b) A wall consists of three layers of 0.2 m concrete, 0.08 m of fiber glass insulation and 0.015 m
gypsum board (0.04 W/m.K). The convective heat transfer coefficients at inside and outside
surfaces are 15 and 45 W/m2 K respectively. The inside and outside surface temperatures are
250 C and -100 C respectively. Calculate the overall heat transfer coefficients for the wall and heat
loss per unit area.
3. In quenching process a copper plate of 3mm thickness is heated up to 3500 C and is suddenly dipped
into water bath and cooled to 250 C. Calculate the time required for the plate to reach the temperature
of 500 C. The heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the plate is 28 W/m2 -K. The length and width of
the plates are 40cm and 30cm respectively. The properties of copper are as follows: specific heat=380.9
J/Kg-K, density 8800 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity 385 W/m-K.
4. (a) For fluid flow along a flat plate explain the following:
i. Velocity distribution in hydrodynamic boundary layer.
ii. Temperature distribution in thermal boundary layer.
iii. Variation of local heat transfer co-efficient along the flow.
(b) Air flows over a flat plate at a constant velocity of 20 m/s and ambient conditions of 20kPa and
200 C. The plate is heated to a constant temperature of 750 C, starting at a distance of 7.5 cm
form the leading edge. What is the total heat transfer from the leading edge to a point 35 cm
form the leading edge?
5. (a) Explain the circumstances under which natural convection occurs.
(b) Use the principle of dimensional analysis to establish a relation between Nusselt number, Grashoff
number and Prandtl number.
6. (a) Discuss briefly the various regimes in boiling heat transfer.
(b) Determine the stable film boiling heat transfer coefficient for the film boiling of saturated water
at atmospheric pressure on an electrically heated 1.6mm diameter horizontal platinum wire with
a temperature difference of Ts - Tsat =2550 C. What would be the power dissipation per unit
length of the heater?
7. (a) How heat exchangers are classified? Discuss briefly different types of heat exchangers.
(b) A heat exchanger of total out side surface are of 17.5m2 is to be used for cooling oil at 2000 c with
a mass flow rate of 2.77Kg/s having specific heat of 1.9KJ/KgK. Water at a flow rate of 0.83
Kg/s is available at 200 C as a cooling agent. Calculate the exit temperature of the oil if the heat
exchanger is operated in
a) parallel flow mode and b) counter flow mode. Take U = 300 W/m2 0 K
8. (a) What is meant by thermal radiation? Which part of electromagnetic spectrum belongs to it?
(b) A pipe carrying steam having an outside diameter of 20cm runs in a large room and is exposed to
air at a temperature of 300 C. The pipe surface temperature is 4000 C. Calculate the loss of heat
to surroundings per meter length of pipe due to thermal radiation. The emissivity of the pipe
surface is 0.8.

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Code No: R7310306 2
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
HEAT TRANSFER
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the Fourier rate equation for heat transfer by conduction. Give the physical significance of
each term.
(b) Determine the steady heat transfer per unit area through a 3.8 cm thick homogeneous slab with
its two faces maintained at uniform temperatures of 350 C and 250 C. The thermal conductivity of
wall material is 1.9 x 10−4 kW/m-K.
2. (a) Heat at the rate of 0.5 MW/m3 is generated in a 50 mm thick wall having thermal conductivity
18 W/m.K. One side of the wall is exposed to environment at 500 C with a heat transfer coefficient
of 450 W/m2 K. Calculate the maximum temperature in the wall if the outer side of the wall is
insulated?
(b) Derive an expression for the temperature distribution in a solid sphere of radius R with uniform
heat generation q’ and constant surface temperature Tw .
3. A brass wire of 0.8mm in diameter and 12m long is annealed in an annealing furnace at a temperature
of 4000 C. Find the time required for the wire to reach the temperature of 1500 C if the temperature
of the wire before placing it inside the furnace is 300 C. Take h=35W/m2 K. Density = 8500 kg/m3 .
Specific heat = 0.335 kJ/kg.K.
4. Hot air at the mass flow rate of 0.08 Kg/sec flows through an uninsulated sheet metal duct of 20cm
diameter. The inlet temperature of air is 1000 C. The air gets cooled in its passage due to cold outside
air at a distance of 4m, the inside air temperature is 800 C. The temperature of ambient is 60 C and
the outside heat transfer coefficient is 6 W/m2 -k. Calculate the following.
(a) The heat loss from duct over its 4m length.
(b) The heat flux and duct surface temperature at the length of 4m.
The properties of air can be assumed as s=0.972 Kg/m3 .
Cp =1.009 kJ/Kg-K, K=3.127 X 10−2 w/m-K, γ=22.1 X 10−6 m2 /sec.
Pr =0.69 µ =22.14 X 10−6 kg/m-sec.
5. (a) What is the criterion from laminar to turbulent flow in natural convection?
(b) A vertical pipe 5cm diameter and 1m high is maintained at a temperature of 650 C in atmospheric
air at 150 C. Calculate the rate of heat loss by free convection from the cylinder to air.
6. (a) How does radiation play an important role in boiling heat transfer?
(b) Water is boiled at rate of 30Kg/h in a copper pan, 30cm in diameter, at atmospheric pressure.
Estimate the temperature of the bottom surface of the pan assuming nucleate boiling conditions.
Also determine the burnout heat flux.
7. (a) What is importance of the heat transfer coefficient in heat exchangers? Derive an expression for
over all heat transfer coefficient for a tubular heat exchanger based on inner surface area.
(b) In a double pipe counter flow heat exchangers 10,000Kg/h of oil (Cp =2.095 KJ/KgK) is cooled
from 800 C to 500 C by 8000Kg/h of water entering at 250 C. Determine the area of the heat
exchangers for an overall U = 300 W/m2 0 K. Take Cp for water as 4.18KJ/KgK.
8. (a) Define absoptivity, reflectivity and transmissivity.
(b) The surface of a double walled spherical vessel used for storing liquid oxygen is covered with a
layer of silver having an emissivity of 0.03. The temperature of the outer surface of the inner
wall is -1530 C and the temperature of the inner surface of the outer wall is 270 C. The spheres
are 21cm and 30cm in diameter, with the space between them evacuated. Calculate the radiation
heat transfer through the walls into the vessel and the rate of the evaporation of the liquid oxygen
if its rate of vaporization is 220KJ/Kg.

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Code No: R7310306 3
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
HEAT TRANSFER
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Determine the heat transfer rate through a spherical copper shell of thermal conductivity 386
W/m.K, inner radius of 2-mm and outer radius of 60 mm. The inner surface and outer surface
temperatures are 2000 C and 1000 C respectively.
(b) Derive a three dimensional generalised heat conduction equation in rectangular co-ordinates
2. (a) An iron pipe of outside diameter 100 mm and the surface is maintained at 00 C is covered with
50 mm thick asbestos material of 0.2 W/m.K thermal conductivity and 25 mm thick glass wool
(k=1.2 X 10−4 W/m.K). Which insulation should be provided next to the pipe surface to achieve
maximum insulating effect, if the outer surface temperature is 500 C in either instance?
(b) Explain the concept of critical radius of insulation on a cylinder.
3. A long steel cylinder 12cm in diameter and initially at 200 C is placed into a furnace at 8200 C where
the heat transfer coefficient, h=140 W/m2 .K. Calculate the time required for the axis temperature to
reach 8000 C. Also calculate.
(a) the corresponding temperature at a radius of 4.8 cm at that time and
(b) the heat energy absorbed by the cylinder during this period, given that the thermal diffusivity,
α = 6.11 X 10−6 m2 /s and the thermal conductivity, k=21 W/m.K.
4. (a) What is meant by a hydrodynamic boundary layer? Explain the formation of hydrodynamic
boundary layer over a flat plate
(b) Water at velocity of 15 m/s flows through a straight tube of 50mm diameter, temperature at the
tube surface is maintained at 600 C and the flowing water is heated from the inlet temperature
200 C to outlet temperature of 400 C. Find the heat transfer co-efficient from the tube surface to
water the heat transferred and tube length.
5. (a) Define Grashoff Number. What is its physical significance?
(b) Calculate convective heat loss from radiator 0.5m width and 1m high maintained at a temperature
of 840 C in a room at 200 C. Treat the radiator as a vertical plate.
6. (a) Describe in detail the process of Nucleate boiling and give one form of equation frequently used.
(b) Saturated steam at 1100 C condenses on the outside of a bank of 64 horizontal tubes of 25mm
outer diameter, 1m long arranged in a 8X8 square array. Calculate the rate of condensation if the
tube surface is maintained at 1000 C. Had the condenser been vertical, what would be the rate of
condensation?
7. (a) Explain the terms : fouling factors, effectiveness, NTU and LMTD.
(b) Shell and tube counter flow heat exchanger uses tubes (K = 380 W/m0 C), 20mm ID and 23mm
OD. Inside and out side film coefficients is 5000 and 1500 W/m2 0 C respectively. Fouling factors
on the inside and out side may be taken as 0.0004 and 0,001 m2 0 C/W respectively. Calculate
the over all heat transfer coefficient based on
i) outside surface and ii) inside surface.
8. (a) Explain the following:
i. Black body and gray body
ii. Specular reflector and diffuse reflector
iii. Radiosity and irradiation.
(b) Estimate the rate of solar radiation on a plane normal to sun rays. Assume the sun to be black
body at a temperature of 55270 C. The diameter of the sun D= 1.39 x 106 Km and its distance
from the earth L is 1.5 x 106 Km.

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Code No: R7310306 4
III B.Tech I Semester(R07) Regular & Supplementary Examinations, November 2010
HEAT TRANSFER
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Identify the different modes of heat transfer in the following systems/ operations.
(a) Steam raising in a steam boiler.
(b) Air / water cooling of an I.C. engine cylinder.
(c) Heat loss from a thermos flask.
(d) Heating of water in a bucket with an immersion heater.
(e) Heat transfer from a room heater.
(f) Heat transfer in a refrigerator cabin.
2. (a) An electric resistance wire of radius 0.001 m with thermal conductivity of 25 W/m K is heated
by the passage of electric current which generates heat within the wire at a constant rate of 2 X
107 W/m3 . Determine the center line temperature rise above the surface temperature of the wire
if the surface is maintained at constant temperature.
(b) Define effectiveness and efficiency of a fin.
3. (a) What is lumped capacity ? What are the assumptions for lumped capacity analysis?
(b) Using lumped system analysis, determine the time required for a solid steel ball of diameter 5cm,
density 7,833 kg/m3 , specific heat 465 J/kg 0 C, thermal conductivity 54 W/m 0 C, to cool from
6000 C to 2000 C, if it is exposed to an air stream at 500 C having a heat transfer coefficient h=100
W/m2 0 C.
4. (a) Under forced flow conditions how does the prandtl number affect relative thickness of thermal
boundary layer and velocity boundary layer. Show that the velocity and temperature distributions
within the boundary layer are going to be similar in nature.
(b) 100Kg of water per minute is heated from 150 C to 250 C by passing through a pipe of 2.5cm in
diameter. The pipe outer surface temperature is maintained at 1400 C. Calculate the length of
the pipe required.
5. (a) Define Rayleigh number. What is the approximate value of the Rayleigh number at which the
transition from laminar to turbulent takes place in a free convection boundary layer past a vertical
flat plate?
(b) In a nuclear reactor core, parallel vertical plates each 2.5 m high and 1.5m wide, heat liquid
Bismuth by natural convection. Maximum temperature of the plate should not exceed 7550 C and
lowest allowable temperature of Bismuth is 3200 C. Calculate the maximum heat dissipation from
both sides of each plate.
6. (a) What do you mean by sub-cooled boiling?
(b) The outer surface of a vertical cylinder drum of 350mm diameter is exposed to saturated steam at
2.0 bar for condensation. If the surface temperature of the drum is maintained at 800 C, calculate
i) the length of the drum
ii) the thickness of the condensate layer to condense 70Kg/h of steam.
7. (a) Derive an expression for the LMTD of a parallel - flow heat exchangers. State clearly the as-
sumptions.
(b) A counter flow concentric tube heat exchanger is used to cool engine oil (Cp =2130 J/KgK) from
1600 C to 600 C with water , available at 250 C as the cooling medium. The flow rate of cooling
water through the inner tube of 0.5m diameter is 2 Kg/s, while the flow rate of oil through the
outer annulus OD = 0.7m is also 2 Kg/s. If the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient is
250 W/m2 K, find the length of the heat exchanger to meet its cooling requirements.
8. (a) State Planck’s law of monochromatic radiation. What is its signification?
(b) Two black square plate of size 1.0 by 1.0 m are placed parallel to each other at a distance of 0.4m.
One plate is maintained at a temperature of 9000 C and the other at 4000 C. Find net exchange
of energy due to radiation between the two plates.

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