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Submitted By:-
TANMAY ANKUR JAIN (0114EC071107)
SHIVAM RAJ CHOURASIA(0114EC071096)
SUDHEER DIWEDI(0114EC071103)
PRATEEK MODI(0114EC071077)
Introduction
What is a line follower?
Line follower is a machine that can follow a path. The path can be visible like a
black line on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be invisible like a magnetic
field.
The present condition in Industry is that they are using the crane system to carry
the parcels from one place to another, including harbor’s .Some times the lifting
of big weights may cause the breakage of lifting materials and will cause damage
to the parcels too.
How it works ?
• The robot structure is based on differential design, 2 wheels at rear end and
a castor in front.
• The circuit contains 2 sensors and 2 power transistors for motor driving.
• The sensors switch the motors through transistors as per sensing of line.
• If left sensor is on line left motor stops and right motor keeps rotating, so
robot takes right turn.
• If right sensor senses line, right motor stops and robot takes left turn.
• If no sensor is sensing line both motors rotate and robot moves forward.
• This small logic is capable of making robot to follow a line.
Motors and Driving Mechanism:
We will need a set of two motors that have same rpm (revolution per minute).
We will be using differential drive for maneuvering our bot i.e. we will have
three wheels for our bot, the front two will be powered and the rear will be
free wheel. When the bot is moving straight both the motors should have
equal speed. For turning, one of the motor is switched off. If we switch off the
left motor, the bot will turn left and vice versa.
How to sense a black line
The sensors used for the project are Reflective Object Sensors. The single sensor
consists of an infrared emitting diode and a NPN phototransistor. When a light
emitted from the diode is reflected off an object and back into the
phototransistor, output current is produced, depending on the amount of infrared
light, which triggers the base current of the phototransistor.
Software
Software for write to AT89C2051 is robot1.hex ,which was written by C-
language ,the source code is robot1.c compiled by using MC51 in TINY model
with start up code robot.asm .MPEG files
Basic Components
• Chassis
• Tyres
• IR LED sensors
• Photodiodes
• AT89C2051 Microcontroller
• L293D Motor Driver
• 7805 Voltage Regulator
• DC geared motors
• Connecting Cords
• 12V Battery
• LED
• Resistors
• Capacitors
CHASSIS OF ROBOT
Base of robot: The base or the material of the platform of robot can be made with
any easily available material like switch board, wood, acrylic sheet or steel sheet.
IR LED SENSORS
PHOTODIODE
A photodiode is a type of photodetector capable of converting light into
either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.
AT89C2051 Microcontroller
L293D Motor Driver
Circuit Diagrams
1. With Microcontroller
2. Without Microcontroller
APPLICATIONS
FUTURE SCOPE