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U.S.

Department of Commerce
International Trade Administration

Renewable Energy Market


Assessment Report:
Indonesia

F
ew countries offer the renewable energy the islands of Java and Bali; the rest is scattered
potential of Indonesia. The country is widely among the country’s 6,000 other inhabited
Manufacturing and Services
home to 40 percent of the world’s known islands. Indonesia’s economy grew 4.3 percent
Competitiveness Report
geothermal resource and offers opportunities in in 2009, in line with the country’s 3–6 percent
wind, solar, biomass, and hydropower. By 2025, growth rate since the Asian financial crisis of the May 2010
Indonesia aims to install 6.7 gigawatts (GW) of late 1990s.3 Future growth is likely to accelerate
new renewable energy capacity by increasing the as the world recovers from the global recession of Country Background . . . . . . . . . 1
proportion of renewables from 7 percent to 15 2008–2009. Status of Energy Market . . . . . . . 2
percent of total energy production.1
Although Indonesia lacks strong policy incentives Existing Renewable Energy
Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Country Background for renewable energy, it provides companies with
Indonesia has a thriving economy at the intersec- a stable political system and a growing economy Drivers of Renewable Energy
tion of the Pacific and Indian oceans, between in which to do business. Projects range from Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Asia and Australia. It is home to 240 million large-scale power plants with power purchase
Barriers to Renewable Energy
people and is the world’s fourth-largest country agreements (PPAs) negotiated with PLN, the Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
in terms of population. Its territory covers ap- state-owned utility company, to development
proximately 17,500 islands. 2 (See Box 1 for more projects coordinated by multilateral development Investment Climate . . . . . . . . . . 7
facts.) Eighty percent of the population lives on banks or local governments. Competition often Past Commercial Engagement . . . 7
End Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Important Contacts . . . . . . . . . . 9

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook.


Box 1. Country Quick Facts comes from foreign development agencies, which To appease local energy consumers, the govern-
feed projects directly to their domestic industries ment has maintained high-energy subsidies for
Size: 1.9 million square kilo- through development aid and export loans.4 the country’s energy consumers. When supply
meters was high and demand low, the subsidies stimu-
Population: 240.3 million* U.S. companies have been active in Indonesia for lated economic growth with low, stable energy
Type of Government: Demo- years and have developed significant working re- prices. But as demand began to outpace supply,
cratic republic lationships with the Indonesian government and the subsidies became a burden on the nation’s
President: Susilo Bambang private sector. For companies that are new to ex- fiscal budget and a deterrent to investments in
Yudhoyono porting, working with an established U.S. partner cleaner, renewable resources. In 2008, subsi-
Capital: Jakarta can be an effective means of entering the market. dies exceeded $20 billion. As oil prices declined,
Religion: Muslim (86 percent) For companies interested in joint partnerships, subsides decreased to $10 billion in 2009 but are
Language: Bahasa (a modified Indonesian firms are often willing to cooperate, expected to increase again in 2010. In addition,
form of Malay) but few have the capacity or capital required to Indonesia’s fuel subsidies have the negative con-
Economy: Capitalism develop large-scale renewable energy projects. sequence of making growth itself an unaffordable
expense to the government of Indonesia, which
* Estimate from Central Intel- The government of Indonesia realizes that foreign must pay more money for every new unit of elec-
ligence Agency, The World direct investment (FDI) is critical to economic tricity sold—money that is not spent on economic
Factbook. growth and seeks to create an investment climate growth needs or social programs.
that is capable of attracting foreign investors.
Coupled with a sound fiscal policy and strong In response to the fiscal challenges imposed by
domestic consumption, this commitment has in- the country’s energy subsidies, the government
creased foreign interest in the Indonesian market. announced a “Crash Program” to produce 20,000
However, investors still face significant challeng- megawatts (MW) of additional energy in 2004.
es, which include import restrictions, insufficient Phase I of the program was confined to coal-fired
infrastructure, and regulatory uncertainty. As a electricity that was sourced primarily from China.5
result, FDI has thus far not kept pace with domes- Phase II includes a preference for renewable
tic production. energy production and includes a guarantee for
“off-take” PPAs by PLN.
Status of Energy Market
Since 2000, Indonesia has transitioned from a ro- Phase II will likely include a greater emphasis on
bust energy exporter to an importing nation that, independent power producers. Unfortunately,
for the first time, is concerned with rising produc- without changes to policy and regulation, it is
tion costs, energy subsidies, and climate change. unlikely that Phase II will garner a significant
The transition has spurred a new commitment influx of foreign investment. Many of Indonesia’s
to renewable energy, domestic production, and state-owned enterprises will continue to domi-
environmental sustainability. In 2008, fossil fuels nate the large-scale power generation sector for
provided 93 percent of the economy’s total energy several years. The U.S. Department of Commerce,
capacity (29.5 GW). But unlike previous years however, expects a significant opportunity for
when excess energy was exported to neighbor- foreign equipment and services suppliers to pro-
ing markets, aging wells and limited investment vide technology or expertise for large renewable
forced Indonesia to import oil and to eventu- energy projects.
ally remove itself from the Organization of the
Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Similarly, After the Crash Program, the government of Indo-
Indonesia was once the world’s leading exporter nesia expects a 56 percent increase in overall en-
of natural gas, but now ranks 56th because invest- ergy investments by 2014.6 Investments will likely
ment restrictions and contract uncertainty caused leverage private investment with public money to
new production to go undeveloped. focus on increasing energy reliability and to meet

2 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration


the government’s 90 percent electrification target Figure 1. Current Energy Mix versus Future Energy Goals
by 2020. To further international investment in
the renewable energy sector, the GOI recently
announced a $0.097 per kWh feed-in tariff for Natural Gas
19% Renewables Natural Gas
geothermal energy and the creation of a new $400 7% 30% Geothermal
5%
million fund to help with the development of the Coal
21%
Other
country’s geothermal resources. Coal Renewables Renewables
35% 15% 5%
2006 Presidential
Existing Renewable Energy Market Oil Decree No. 5 Oil
Biomass
5%
53% 20%
Today, renewable energy accounts for a small
but growing portion of Indonesia’s electricity
portfolio. Most renewable energy comes from 2005 2025
the hydropower and geothermal industries, but
growth in other sectors is likely. Presidential Source: PLN presentation to the United States Energy Association.
Decree No. 5 mandates an increase in renewable
energy production from 7 percent to 15 percent of
generating capacity by 2025. To accomplish that power grid complicates the incentive for foreign
goal, 6.7 GW of new renewable energy capacity developers and often limits the profitability of
must be installed in the next 15 years based on projects.
current growth projections.7 Geothermal and
biomass have been slated for the most growth, In addition, Indonesia’s National Energy Policy of
but opportunities exist in every renewable energy 2006 amended several policies and regulations to
technology (see Figure 1). support renewable energy deployment. The law
codified the targets for renewable energy produc-
Surprisingly, Indonesia continues to import fossil tion by 2025 set by Presidential Decree No. 5 and
fuels to cover production deficiencies instead strengthened the position of cooperatives, private
of fully utilizing its already installed renewable companies, and community organizations in PPA
energy capacity (see Figure 2). Expanding the negotiations.
production of existing resources (that is, already
operating geothermal plants or hydropower Geothermal Power Market
dams) could displace some fossil fuel imports, by Indonesia is home to 40 percent of the world’s
lowering the cost of energy subsidies and creating known geothermal resource (an estimated 27,510
additional demand for renewable energy technol- MW), which is more than any other country. How-
ogy and expertise. ever, only 1,052 MW (a little more than 3 percent)
has been developed to date.9 The government has
Since 2008, the government has offered tax incen- mandated that geothermal energy provide at least
tives for foreign investment, including investors in 9,500 MW (5 percent) of the nation’s electricity by
renewable energy. Incentives include a 30 percent 2025.10 Phase II of the Crash Program will provide
net income tax reduction for six years, free repa- most of the growth, with an estimated invest-
triation of investments and profits, and dispute ment opportunity of $10 billion according to the
settlement.8 Geothermal companies are afforded Indonesian Investment Coordinating Board.11
additional incentives. The 2003 Geothermal Law
established long-term licenses for land use (more Already several U.S. companies have invested in
than 30 years) and a regulated price for geother- the Indonesian geothermal sector—a trend that
mal energy. However, PLN’s status as the sole will likely intensify as the policy incentives for
legal provider of electricity through Indonesia’s geothermal energy continue to improve. U.S. gov-

Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report: Indonesia 3


Figure 2. Energy Production versus Capacity, 2008 ditional restrictions to development include a
lack of incentives and subsidies for fossil fuels;
Indonesia's Installed Electricity Capacity vs. Electricity Production, by Source (29.5 GW) incomplete data on land ownership; and a lack of
biofuel processing ability.
Natural gas Imports to cover
production over
installed capacity
Oil As a result, biofuel development in Indonesia
remains sluggish compared to that of other coun-
Hydropower
Unused
tries in the region. Nevertheless, several compa-
Geothermal installed capacity
nies have begun using fast-growing crops, such as
Other renewables
cassava, jatropha, or sweet sorghum, for biofuel
production The Ministry of Agriculture is prepar-
0 5 10 15
ing additional land for growing these high-yield
Unused Electricity Capacity Unused Capacity feedstocks to meet the country’s biofuel produc-
Installed Capacity Imports tion goals of 5.57 million kiloliters of biodiesel and
3.77 million kiloliters of bioethanol. The intro-
Source: Energy Information Administration, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, PLN
presentation to the United States Energy Association. duction of these crops will likely accelerate the
production of biofuels and could become a key
ernment support for technical capacity-building, investment opportunity for U.S. companies.
resource assessments, and trade promotion are
helping spur this development. U.S. government Hydropower Market
agencies will continue to work with the govern- As an island nation, Indonesia is well suited for
ment of Indonesia to maintain a competitive in- hydropower from conventional hydro and emerg-
vestment climate for the U.S. geothermal industry. ing ocean energy technologies. PLN estimates that
Indonesia has 75,670 MW of large hydropower
Biomass Power Market potential. But unlike other countries in the region,
Indonesia’s potential for biomass power is like- Indonesia has not built a large hydropower facil-
wise substantial but is currently undeveloped. ity and it currently only produces 4,264 MW of
Although 49,810 MW of production is possible, hydropower-based electricity.13
only 443 MW have been commercially developed.
By 2025, the country has targeted 810 MW of Estimates indicate that another 500 MW of
biomass power, an increase of 83 percent, but that mini- or micro-hydropower is also available for
amount is still far less than the potential contri- development. A 2007 grant from the United Na-
bution.12 Rice residues, sugar, rubber, and palm tions Development Program allowed Indonesia
oil all provide biomass electricity, but the most to create an Integrated Microhydro Development
promising commercial application for biomass Program to accelerate hydropower development.
is likely cogeneration in agribusinesses. Large- The program focused on removing investment
scale biomass projects would likely require new barriers and fostering technical capacity, but it
infrastructure to gather and deliver what is now has only developed 17 percent of the nation’s
considered a waste item. mini-hydropower potential, leaving future growth
in the sector likely.14
Because of its extensive biomass resources,
Indonesia is also considered a potential center With thousands of miles of coastline, the potential
for biofuel production, particularly biodiesel for ocean energy is significant at an estimated 10–
manufactured from palm oil. Palm oil, however, 35 MW per kilometer of coastline. Currently, only
is rarely used in local biofuel development. The one demonstration project has been developed—
international price for palm oil and the higher an ocean current system in the Lombok Strait.
value placed on food has meant that most palm But future growth in the industry is also likely as
oil is exported or used in food production. Ad- technologies become further commercialized.

4 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration


Wind Power Market smaller distributed generation can best electrify
Indonesia’s potential for wind energy is limited the country. One-fifth of Indonesia’s population
because of the lack of wind along the equator. The lives outside of the main population centers. Many
country’s windiest regions tend to be the less pop- residents therefore lack access to grid-connected
ulated, eastern islands, which lack a transmission electricity and depend on outdated and costly
infrastructure capable of sustaining large wind diesel generators. In fact, 35 percent of Indonesia’s
farms. Wind power opportunities are thus limited population lacks access to any electricity.
to small or medium-sized projects requiring lower
wind speeds.15 Small-scale renewable energy resources can help
meet the rural electrification goals of President
To date, only a few small-scale wind farms have Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and can be imple-
been attempted, and they account for only 1.1 mented without access to the nation’s inefficient
MW of installed capacity.16 Offshore wind is more electricity grid. Small renewable energy projects
likely to provide investment opportunities for U.S. can also create jobs for rural Indonesians, who
companies due to Indonesia’s lengthy coastlines often turn to deforestation as a means of survival.
and consistent ocean breezes.
Drivers of Renewable Energy
Solar Power Market Development
Indonesia offers significant solar power resources The government has begun promoting renewable
(4.8 kilowatt-hours per square meter per day energy to meet the country’s robust economic
[kWh/m2/day]), but the country has yet to develop growth targets. By reducing the country’s depen-
a strong market. To date, Indonesia has installed dence on imports and by increasing production of
12.1 MW of solar power, which is mostly from roof- renewable energy, the government believes it can
mounted solar photovoltaic (PV) cells in urban catalyze economic growth. Such a policy would
areas.17 deflect money back into the economy and make
future growth more sustainable. Several other fac-
Additional solar power development is hampered tors have also led to the country’s new interest in
by the lack of household buy-in and a dearth of renewable energy.
maintenance personnel trained at installing solar
cells. However, there is little incentive for a service Energy Security
infrastructure to develop, and the market’s growth As a net importer of oil and gas, Indonesia is
appears limited. Without interconnection stan- particularly vulnerable to the vagaries of world
dards that allow consumers to sell excess electric- energy markets. Without a substantial increase in
ity back to PLN, it is unlikely that the Indonesian stable, domestically produced renewable energy,
solar power market will ever rival the markets in Indonesia will need to import additional fossil
other countries in the region. fuels. Renewable energy, however, can reduce
dependence on foreign fuel sources and promote
The GOI has however shown a desire to attract for- stable energy markets.
eign solar cell manufacturers to Indonesia like the
Philippines and Malaysia have done. This would Rural Development
not only help create jobs for local Indonesians, but Rural development is a priority for the govern-
also drive an interest in solar power writ large that ment, which has set a bold electrification target of
could eventually lead to export opportunities for 90 percent by 2020, which is significantly above the
U.S. companies. country’s current electrification rate of 65 percent.
Meeting the challenge will require an average of
Distributed Generation 1.3 million new electricity connections each year.18
Despite the government’s efforts to promote According to the Ministry for the Development of
large power plants, recognition is growing that Disadvantaged Regions, more than 10,000 Indone-

Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report: Indonesia 5


Table 1. Renewable Energy Potential in Indonesia Barriers to Renewable Energy
Development
Energy source Installed capacity Resource potential Undeveloped potential (%) Although Indonesia’s renewable energy resources
Hydropower 4,264.0 MW 75,670 MW 94 are substantial and the government now seems
Geothermal 1,052.0 MW 27,510 MW 96 committed to increasing the deployment of re-
Mini-hydropower 86.1 MW 500 MW 83 newable energy, several barriers must be over-
Biomass 445.0 MW 49,810 MW 99 come for the country to reach its full potential.
Solar 12.1 MW 4.8 kWh/m /day
2

Wind 1.1 MW 9,190 MW 99 Most important, Indonesia must address its
Ocean 0.0 MW 35 MW 100 pricing regime for renewable energy. The lack of
Source: PLN presentation to the United States Energy Association. financial incentives, combined with heavy subsi-
dies for energy consumption, has forestalled the
development of a cleaner energy infrastructure.
sian villages lack access to electricity; thousands Without incentives to promote renewable energy,
more are forced to use expensive diesel genera- most companies will invest in different markets
tors.19 Since 2005, the government has encouraged with more favorable policy environments.
renewable energy as a solution to rural electrifica-
tion problems and has urged local communities to A more immediate problem is the country’s
forgo diesel generation. The 2005–2025 National “Negative Investment List,” which restricts foreign
Energy Policy Blueprint specifically states that investment in power plants producing less than
renewable energy technologies should be used to 10 MW. Indonesia is currently revising its 2007
meet the country’s rural electrification goals. Investment Law, but no final announcement has
been made. If Indonesia does not allow participa-
Climate Change tion by foreign companies—which often have the
Indonesia is the third-largest emitter of green- technical know-how and capital needed to de-
house gases, mostly because of deforestation. velop renewable energy projects—it is unlikely the
The government is aware of the problem, and it country will meet its targets for economic growth
understands Indonesia’s unique vulnerability to and renewable energy deployment.
climate change as an island nation whose capital
city, Jakarta, sits below sea level. Indonesia has Indonesia also suffers from a lack of available
thus taken a stronger position toward carbon financing. Although several well-capitalized
dioxide emissions than have most developing private-sector banks exist, few are willing to lend
nations. At the October 2009 meeting of the Group money to technologies that are new or emerg-
of 20, Yudhoyono announced that Indonesia was ing. A sovereign debt guarantee could incentivize
crafting a policy that would unilaterally reduce lending, promoting deployment and investment.
its emissions by 26 percent by 2020 and would
reduce its emissions by 41 percent with interna- The lack of an after-sales service infrastructure
tional support. To meet the goal, Indonesia will also makes renewable energy projects difficult to
heavily invest in renewable energy and recommit implement. Local populations are often unwilling
to stopping deforestation.20 to accept a project that could stall or break down
for lengthy periods, especially when the project
Sustainability requires spare parts that are difficult to find or
Indonesia faces significant environmental chal- technicians who are often unavailable. Moreover,
lenges: deforestation, water and air pollution, the lack of a strong transmission infrastructure
and forest fires. The government views renewable makes grid-connected renewable energy projects
energy as part of a suite of potential technologies difficult to implement if they are located far from
that could help with those challenges. end users.

6 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration


The government itself is sometimes a barrier to re- World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Asian Box 2. Revenue Generation
newable energy deployment. It often struggles to Development Bank, Clean Development Mecha- in Indonesia
implement policy initiatives, which causes bottle- nism, and other multilateral funds can also offer
As in all foreign markets, U.S.
necks for innovative technologies like renewable funding and financing.21 firms must understand how
energy. To avoid the problem, local governments revenue is generated, how the
have been given the authority to administer ten- Past Commercial Engagement banking system operates, and
ders for projects, but they often lack the capacity Commercial engagement with Indonesia on how profits are repatriated back
to do so transparently. Several companies have renewable energy has been an important aspect to the United States.
complained that tenders are worded poorly and of bilateral negotiations between the U.S. and
Currently, the government
amended after the tender is announced. The U.S. Indonesian governments. The Energy Policy of Indonesia operates a free
Government is working with local Indonesian offi- Dialogue organized by the U.S. Department of foreign currency exchange
cials to promote better tendering practices. Energy has been ongoing since 2005. The new with a well-developed banking
Comprehensive Partnership between the United sector that consists of more
If better data existed, the lack of tendering capac- States and Indonesia will be formalized in 2010; a than 10,000 local branches
ity would be less of a concern, but Indonesia suf- tenet of the partnership will be renewable energy operated by either state-owned
fers from a chronic lack of quality data, particular- cooperation. or private-sector banks.
ly in the geothermal industry. The state’s planning Local Currency: Rupiah
agency is investigating ways to verify data through In May 2010, Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
Exchange Rate: Rp 9,094 to
third-party valuation, but it has yet to make any led a clean energy trade mission to Indonesia,
US$1 (as of May 11, 2010)
public commitments. A standard PPA would solve promoting increased clean energy cooperation
many challenges and would allow concessions to and the importance of addressing market access Corporate Income Tax Rate: 28
be developed without negotiating with PLN. issues. In addition, the U.S. Department of Com- percent (with some reductions
merce led a similar clean energy policy mission for locally traded firms).
Investment Climate to Indonesia in July 2009 that involved seven U.S. Source: Hong Kong and
Revenue generation in Indonesia is described in government agencies for two days of bilateral Shanghai Banking Corpora-
Box 2. Funding for renewable energy projects is meetings and a daylong policy summit. The U.S. tion Premier, “Investing in
available from a variety of sources, including the Trade Development Agency and the U.S. Depart- Indonesia,” 2009, www.hsbc.
United States, the Indonesian government, or ment of State also hosted an ASEAN Clean Energy co.id/1/2/hsbc-premier_en_US/
multilateral institutions aimed at either develop- Trade and Investment Forum in Manila in April worldwide-assistance/investing-
ment or environmental projects. 2010, focusing on many of the same issues in a in-indonesia.

regional context.
The United States Export–Import Bank can pro-
vide funding to Indonesian buyers looking to pur-
chase U.S. technology, and it is seeking to increase
lending through a new credit facility. The Over-
seas Private Investment Corporation can provide
project finance in addition to equity investments
and political risk insurance. In addition, the U.S.
Agency for International Development and the
U.S. Trade and Development Agency can help
with development-related projects and technical
capacity building.

The government of Indonesia offers funding


through a sovereign wealth fund designed to
increase foreign investment in renewable energy.
The fund is managed by the Ministry of Finance
and is a self-sustaining investment vehicle. The

Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report: Indonesia 7


End Notes 11. Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board, press
1. The 2005–2025 National Energy Blueprint release, “Investment in Energy Projected to Increase
(implemented in 2006) sets specific targets for 56%,” Jakarta, October 16, 2009.
renewable energy production. In addition to setting 12. PLN, “Renewable Energy Development Program in
a national goal of meeting 15 percent of the country’s Indonesia,” presented at the Global Workshop on Grid-
electricity needs with renewable energy by 2025, Connected Renewable Energy, held by the United
the document sets targets of 9,500 megawatts (MW) States Agency for International Development and the
from geothermal, 500 MW of grid-connected small United States Energy Association, Washington, D.C.,
hydropower, 330 MW of off-grid mini-hydropower, 80 August 28–September 5, 2009.
MW of solar, 810 MW of biomass, and 255 MW of wind. 13. Ibid.
2. Central Intelligence Agency, “Indonesia,” in The 14. Ibid.
World Fact Book, https://www.cia.gov/library/ 15. Ibid.
publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html. 16. Ibid.
3. Estimate from the International Monetary Fund, 17. Ibid.
“World Economic Outlook,” October 2009. 18. Indonesian National Committee, “Rural
4. Discussions at the U.S.–Indonesia Clean Energy Electrification in Indonesia: Progress and Challenges,”
Policy Forum, July 28, 2009, at the Shangri-La Hotel in presented at the 71st International Electrotechnical
Jakarta, Indonesia. Commission General Meeting and Affiliate Countries
5. Discussion with the Ministry of Energy, July 29, 2009, Forum, Paris, October 25, 2007, www.iec.ch/affiliates/
during a clean energy policy mission to Indonesia by gm_workshop_pdf/2007_indonesia_rural_elec.pdf.
the U.S. Department of Commerce. 19. Agus Salim Dasuki , “Photovoltaic Development
6. Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board, press Strategy Program in Indonesia,” presentation at the
release, “Investment in Energy Projected to Increase Workshop on Renewable Energy and Sustainable
56%,” Jakarta, October 16, 2009. Development, Jakarta, January 19–20, 2009, www.ceem.
7. Ibid. unsw.edu.au/content/userDocs/P7AgusSalimDasuki.
8. Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board, pdf.
“Comparative Advantage: Features of Law No. 25/2007 20. “Nations: Environmentalists Welcome Indonesia’s
Concerning Investment.” Jakarta. G-20 Carbon Pledge,” E&E News, September 30, 2009.
9. Ibid. 21. Ibid.
10. “2005–2025 National Energy Blueprint”
(implemented in 2006).

8 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration


Important Contacts U.S. Department of Energy, Government of Indonesia
International Policy Office
U.S. Government PI-32, 1000 Independence Ave., S.W. Ministry of Energy
Washington, DC 20585 Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Block X 2, Kav.
U.S. Department of Commerce Tom Cutler 07-08
Office of Energy and Environmental thomas.cutler@hq.doe.gov Kuningan, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
Industries Tel. (202) 586-6156 J. Purwono, Director General of
1401 Constitution Ave. N.W. Electricity
Rm. 4046 U.S. Export–Import Bank Tel. +62 (21) 525-6044
Washington, DC 20230 811 Vermont Ave., N.W. Fax +62 (21) 522-5180
Ryan Mulholland Washington, DC 20571
ryan.mulholland@trade.gov Craig O’Connor Jl. Prof. Dr. Supomo S.H. No. 10
Tel. (202) 482-4693 craig.oconnor@exim.gov Jakarta 12870, Indonesia
Brian O’Hanlon Tel. (202) 565-3556 Sugiharto Harsoprayitno, Director of
brian.ohanlon@trade.gov Geothermal
Tel. (202) 482-3492 U.S. Trade and Development Tel. +62 (21) 8370-2847
Agency
Indonesia Desk U.S. Embassy, Bangkok Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1401 Constitution Ave. N.W. GPF Witthayu Tower A, Ste. 302 Jl. Pejambon No. 6
Rm. 2324 93/1 Wireless Rd. Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
Washington, DC 20230 Bangkok 10330, Thailand R. Mohammad Marty Muliana
Shalizeh Nadjmi Natalegawa
shalizeh.nadjmi@trade.gov 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1600 Tel. +62 (21) 344-1508
Tel. (202) 482-3832 Arlington, VA 22209 Fax +62 (21) 385-5481
Mark Dunn
Commercial Service Jakarta mdunn@ustda.gov PLN PT PLN (Persero)
U.S. Commercial Center Tel. +66 (2) 205-5090 Jl. Trunojoyo Blok M I/135
Wisma Metropolitan II, 3rd Fl. Diana Rossiter Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
Jl. Jendral Sudirman Kav. 29–31 drossiter@ustda.gov Dahlan Iskan, President Director
Jakarta 12920, Indonesia (703) 875-4357 Tel. +62 (21) 725-1234
Joe Kaesshaefer Fax +62 (21) 720-4929
joe.kaesshaefer@trade.gov Overseas Private Investment
Tel. +62 (21) 526-2850 Corporation Ministry of State-Owned
Lawrence Johnson 1100 New York Ave., N.W. Enterprises
lawrence.johnson@trade.gov Washington, DC 20527 Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan 13
Tel. +62 (21) 526-2850 Diana Jensen Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
diana.jensen@opic.gov Mustafa Abubakar
U.S. Embassy Jakarta Tel. (202) 336-8594 Tel. +62 (21) 348-31746
U.S. Embassy Fax 62 (21) 348-31778
Jl. Merdeka Selatan 4–5
Jakarta 10110, Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board
Ted Saeger Jl. Jend. Gatot Subroto 44
saegeres@state.gov Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
Tel. +62 (21) 3435-9000 Gita Wirjawan, Chair
Tel. +62 (21) 525-0023
Fax +62 (21) 522-7607

Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report: Indonesia 9


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