http://z.gametop.

com/free-games-
download/Sudden_Strike2.exeAutoradiography: A
technique using X- ray film to visualize molecules or
fragments of molecules that have been radioactively
labeled. Autoradiography has many applications in the
laboratory. Autoradiography can, for example, be used to
analyze the length and number of DNA fragments after
they are separated from one another by a method called
gel electrophoresis.
autoradiography An experimental technique in which a radioactive specimen is placed in contact with (or
close to) a photographic plate, so as to produce a record of the distribution of radioactivity in the
specimen. The film is darkened by the ionizing radiation from radioactive parts of the sample.
Autoradiography is used to study the distribution of particular substances in living tissues, cells, and
cultures. A radioactive isotope of the substance is introduced into the organism or tissue, which is killed,
sectioned, and examined after enough time has elapsed for the isotope to be incorporated into the
substance. Another common application of autoradiography is the location of radioactively labelled DNA
probes or antibodies employed in such techniques as Southern blotting and Western blotting

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Critically ill patients are hypermetabolic and have increased nutrient
requirements. Although it is assumed that nutritional support is beneficial in this group of
patients there are no well designed clinical trials to test this hypothesis. The rationale for
nutritional support, therefore, is based upon clinical judgement. Although it is not known how
long a critically ill patient can tolerate what is effectively starvation, the loss of lean tissue which
occurs in catabolic patients (20-40 g nitrogen/day) suggests that depletion to a critical level may
occur after 14 days.

RECENT FINDINGS: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome commonly seen in the ICU. It is
usually multifactorial rather than the result of a primary renal disease. The difficulty of
adequately defining the syndrome has been addressed by the acute dialysis quality initiative,
leading to the risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney (RIFLE) criteria.

SUMMARY: Broad consensus in the diagnosis and management of AKI in critical illness is
achievable. Standardization of nutritional support by RIFLE classification is urgently needed

2.3. Nourishing recommendations in the acute renal failure

 Energy: 35-50 Kcal/ideal weight/day

If the elevated protein catabolism is not producing enough energy… it makes worse the renal
failure, due to an increase of uric acid and the creatinine (it does not increase the urea)

 Proteins:
o Treatment without dialysis: 0.25-0.5 g/kg/day of which 20-30 g of proteins of
high biological value/day Treatment with dialysis: 1-1,2 g/kg/day
 Liquids:
o Oligúrica phase: according to the losses. Diuresis + 500 ml insensible losses +
other losses (vomits, diarrhea, fistules, drainages, great fevers)
o Diuretic phase: voluntarily

The weight can be an indicator of the increase or diminution of liquid

 Sodium :
o Oliguric phase: 20-40 mmol/day. 1 mol (23 mgs) corresponds to 1 Eq
o Diuretic phase: voluntarily
 Potassium: the risk of hyperpotasemia exists. This can lead to death to produce upheavals
of the heart rate.

Mmol K (39 mgs) 1 will require 25-40 mmol being 1 mEq K

Phosphorus: medication to increase the excretion to avoid a deficiency disease.