c
c

 













 



 



c !   

 




  



!

!

"  

Gag rule

Force act- Andrew jackson approved to raise army and got congress to lower tariff
Clayǯs American system
1.Ê Olack slaves
2.Ê Indians
3.Ê Mestizo Ȃ mixed Indians and spanish
4.Ê Creoles Ȃ pure spanish
5.Ê PureOred Spaniards (Oorn in spain peninsularies)

1.must Oe Mexican citizens

2. catholic
3. could not Oring slaves

santa ana- evil dictator man of mexico

demanded 1. Cut off immigration 2. Cut off trade with us 3.

Battle of san jacinto-houstin aOushed Santa anna while they were resting
Austin manifesto-spain not controlling us well so Europe was like okay us you can
take over it
Manifest destiny Ȃ polk
Polk= annex texas, Ouy California, 54 40 or fight, independent treasury
Reasons we won the Mexican American war:
1.Ê Mexicans were concentrated in one town, not spread out so we could take
over one town and oOliterate all of them (hell yeahhh)
2.Ê Mexican leadership was terriOle compared to us armyǯs
3.Ê Us army had Oetter officers, same generals from war of 1812
4.Ê Mexican cannons were not moOile

Battle of Chapultepec, treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo- got ca, az, nv, Colorado, nmx, rio
grande

James marshall found gold, john sutter Ouilt fort, sutterǯs mill -> sutterǯs fort
How did slaves reOel?
1.Ê slave revolts
2.Ê run away
3.Ê do things slowly
4.Ê act stupid
5.Ê commit arson, Oreak tools, destroy crops, injure themselves, fake illness

Nat Turnerǯs revolt Ȃ whites were killed Out many more Olacks were killed
Underground railroad- slaves could hide. Conductor was harriet tuOman (Olack
moses)
Compromise of 1850-mexico would Oe done Oy popular soverigntu
Popular soveringty- let people decide what they want to do.
Fugitive slave act-law that allows southeners to go up to the north to reclaim
escaped slaves
Why did south think they could leave? Compact theory.
Compact theory- states can leave if they feel that government is Oeing unjust.
Steps for secession/ civil war:
1.Ê Missouri compromise
2.Ê Compromise of 1850
3.Ê Kansas/NeOraska act
4.Ê RepuOlican party
5.Ê Bleeding Kansas
6.Ê Dred scott
7.Ê Lincoln-douglas deOates
8.Ê Panic of 1859
9.Ê John Orown raid
10.ÊLincoln elected (election of 1860)
11.ÊSouth seceded
12.ÊFort sumpter

Wilmot proviso
Potowotomie massacre
Regiments/Origades/corps/division (13)
Things soldiers need= Oackpack, tarp, food, and other things.
Merrimack was southern ship; monitor union ship = all metal.
First ship to sink a suOmarine= h. l hunley
Anaconda plan
Csa president is Jefferson davis. His vp was Alexander stevens. Capital: Richmond
VA
Union president is aOe Lincoln, vice president was Andrew johnson, capital:
washinton DC
Plan for South invades north = shinandoah valley
Battle of Oull run- south won, north lost
2nd Oattle of Oull run
Oattle of Antietam- turning point Oecause north finally won
chatanooga= railroad Oetween east and rest; western commander wanted to
capture it
Oattle of Chancellorsville & Oattle of GettysOurg
lee surrenders at appomatox courthouse
why did south lose?
Had short term advantage in long term war
Politically and diplomatically lost war
Uk didnǯt come in on their sad
Started to weaken at the wrogn time
Why did the north win?
Lincoln refused to give up
South ran out of supplies and men at the same time
Spin= everyone wants you to see something in their own point of view
SCALLAWAGS- south who supported construction; sold out their own people to get
rich
CarpetOaggers-people from north who came to the south to get rich GREEDY
Freedmenǯs Oureau
Lincoln left Johnson with proOlems like:
1.Ê democrat
2.Ê TN still antiOlack
3.Ê Temperament; stuOOorn

13th,14th,15th
emancipation proclamation DID NOT END SLAVERY

state suicide theory-states were still part of USA Out instead, they were terrirtories
that had to Oe readmitted into the USA as states.
Black codes aka jim crow laws- laws passed to limit the rights and civil liOerties of
Olacks.
Minstel show= show used to make fun of Olacks
Three phases of reconstruction
1.Ê Initial
2.Ê Presidential
3.Ê radical
Lincolnǯs plan
1.Ê get south states into union which meant they had to accept 13th amendment.
2.Ê Freedmenǯs Oeareau
3.Ê Military phase- divide south into regions to maintain order

CONGRESS TOOK OVER RECONSTUCTION

Radical repulican- wants to change things now.
Congress wanted to change social and economic structure, punish south for civil
war, destroy power of planters,
40 acres and a mule
eminent domain: give government rights to seize land Oy forcing owners to sell
sharecropping- Olacks live on plantation and farm land for white owners
tenant farmar= rent land
Oad things aOout reconstruction:
correct, spent too much money, ineffective

good things aOout reconstruction:

south was economically improved, no more starvation, railroad system fixed
home rule- get rid of north
Andrew Johnson is democrat, not liked Oy repulicans
Tenure of office act- cannot fire caOinet without senateǯs approval
Johnson was impeached.
Election of 1868- first presidential election to take place during reconstruction;
Ulysses s grant won.
Most people grant elected were crooks and Oad people
Credit moOiler= railroad is doing well, Out not enough to get profit

What did reconstuction do?

1.Ê physically reOuilt infrastructure
2.Ê foundation for equality set in place
3.Ê puOlic school systems

compromise of 1877
hayes and tilden election. Tilden had more votes Oecause there were more
northeners than souteners. 8-7
accept tilden only if you take army out; put southener in caOinet; leave southern
society alone
1.Ê remove troops from south
2.Ê promise to never interfere in southern social affairs
3.Ê appoint southener in caOinet
4.Ê provide money for railroad in south

southeners were only democrats!!!

Brett hart author of outcasts of poker flats

Why are Americans so into the west?

1.Ê adventure
2.Ê unknown
3.Ê freedom
4.Ê simple life
5.Ê good evil identifiaOle
6.Ê heroes, independence, violent, self-reliant, focused

FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER wrote a thesis (Turner Thesis)- Americans are the
way they are Oecause of the frontier experience

END OF FRONTIER (yes, thatǯs it)

Lariate = rope; vaqueros = white cowOoys; kerchief = wide Orimmed hat; chaps=
overalls

Long drive= take cattle to Kansas Oecause they had the railroad system. Transport
cattle on railroad.

Built railroad through texas which ended the long drive.

Why did people hate irish?
1.Ê they fought with English
2.Ê Oad accent
3.Ê catholic
prometory pt = central pacific met with transcontinental

last general in army of Potomac = george meade

1.Ê george O. mcclellan 2. AmOrose Ournside 3. Joseph hooker 4. George meade

dead manǯs hand = pair of aces and pair of eights

it was wild Oill hickockǯs hand

quantrillǯs raiders = confederate raiders who roOOed Oank. Led Oy William Quantrill

how Indians lasted so long:

1.Ê not many people in the desert
2.Ê hit and run tactics
3.Ê Indians crossed Oorder into mexico to not get captured

Effects of steamship
1.Ê immigration explode
2.Ê tourists

wild west ends in 1900ǯs, Indians in reservations

capitalism = free enterprise, free market

1. private ownership of everything and anything

2. money makes money

Oad things= monopoly and Ousiness cycle

laissez faire= government could not interfere

5 things needed to industrialize=

1.Ê coal
2.Ê iron ore
3.Ê petroleum
4.Ê pro Ousiness government
5.Ê surplus population

pittsOurg= steel (STEELERS)

OIL IN NORTH DAKOTA
COAL IN NORTH APPA. MTS.
When country industrializes
1.Ê urOanization
2.Ê steam engine (TRANSPORTION, IMPROVEMENT)
3.Ê communication (telegraph)
4.Ê mechanization of agriculture
industrialization= less farmers, more land. More efficient farming causing lack of
man laOor.

FREDERICK LOWELL:
1.Ê factory system= wool -> finished product in the same Ouilding
2.Ê company town= town completely dedicated to one company (if you live in
this town, had to work for him and Ouy from company store)

Lowell mills made textiles = cloth

Oil monopolized Oy john d Rockefeller (standard oil)

Steel monopolized Oy Andrew Carnegie (Carnegie steel)

Standard oil was TRUST COMPANY (didnǯt make oil, only collected oil from other
companies)

Merger = when two companies joined

Carnegie not selfish; made own steel so he could cut out middle man;
INDEPENDENT

Pooling = RR companies divide up territory and donǯt compete against each other

Sherman antitrust act- prohiOit trusts; owners used it against people

Interstate commerce commission: regulate aOuses of the railroad

Interlooking directory Ȃ same presidents on different companies

HerOert spencer= social Darwinism

(survival of the fittest, natural selection)

gospel of wealth: carnegie Oelieved that rich people were rich so they could spread
the wealth to the poor

collective Oargaining= laOor uions negotiates the contract

laOor union- workers join together to get rights, make contract.

Advantages of corporation:
1.Ê taxed at lower rate
 2.Ê arenǯts technically owned Oy anyone, owned Oy everyone through stocks

make money off of stocks

1.Ê sell stock
2.Ê dividend= Oecause you own part of company, you get paid for having the
stock

goals of laOor unions

1.Ê workerǯs compensation- if worker gets hurt, he gets paid MONAAAAAY
2.Ê joO security, cannot Oe fired

closed shop- workers must Oelong to union or they could not work there

FIRST GRADING PERIOD HEREEEE

Reasons for war of 1812
1.Ê wanted Canada
2.Ê impressment of sailors
3.Ê harrasment of fishermen
4.Ê pressure FROM war hawks
5.Ê rights of neatrals at war
6.Ê Oritish were arming Indians
7.Ê forts on American soil

Alexander Hamilton= created the first national Oank, first treasurer

George Washington= first president, general in revolutionary war
FIRST department of treasury= Alexander Hamilton
Department of war= henry knox
Department of state= Thomas Jefferson
Department of judicial (attorney general) = Edmund Randolph

Five great freedoms

1.Ê freedom of petition
2.Ê religion
3.Ê speech
4.Ê press
5.Ê assemOly

how did colonists reOel against Oritish navigation acts?

1.Ê Ooycotted
2.Ê smuggle
3.Ê reOel
4.Ê violence

navigation act- only trade with Oritish

intoleraOle acts= series of laws passed to punish, townshed acts= tax on everything,
stamp act is first direct tax
what did we gain after revolutionary wars?
1.Ê Land to app mountains
2.Ê Independence
3.Ê Fishing rights

First six presidents

1.Ê george washingtons
2.Ê john adams
3.Ê Thomas Jefferson
4.Ê James Madison
5.Ê James Monroe
6.Ê John quincy adams
7.Ê Andrew Jackson
Four countries that colonized America
1.Ê England land
2.Ê France
3.Ê Spain gold
4.Ê Russia fur

MarOury vs Madison- first time supreme court declared something unconstitutional;

estaOlished judicial review
Mccoluh vs Maryland- only national government could tax a Oank
Fletcher vs peck- government could not mess with contract (peck with contract)
Dartmouth vs woodward- tried to take private school (darthmouth college) into
puOlic school
Cohens vs Virginia- lottery tickets

Nathaniel greene- major general in continental army in American revolutional war

John muir= trail, naturalist

Lake champlain= England and America had Oattle there; had Ooats destroyed. St.
Lawrence river was main way that Britain wanted to invade America

ZeOulin pike= Arkansas and red river; pikes peak

Lewis & clark= Oregon territory

Bicameral legislature= two legislative Oranches.

Benedict Arnold= successful general for Americans Out went to Britain and was a
Oitch and spy

Trial Oy jury, due process Oy law

Elastic clause- go Oack and change things/ revise (technology)

Baconǯs reOellion, whiskey reOellion, shayǯs reOellion. Xyz affair, OarOury pirates,
washingtonǯs farewell address, northwest ordinance