michael c.

leocadio rn, man

I. Nervous system
 Tetanus
Lock jaw
Clostridium Tetani
3 days to 30 days
not directly transmitted from
person to person
direct inoculation or indirect
contamination through break in
the skin, tooth decay and
umbilical cord cutting (tetanus
neonatorum)
c. leocadio rn, man
Meningitis
meningococcal meningitis
epidemic cerebrospinal
meningitis, cerebrospinal
fever
Neisseria meningitides
 Hemophilus influenzae
 Diploccocus pneumonia
(pneumoccocus)
 Meningoccocus
2 to 10 days
meningococcal – until bacteria are
not present in nose and throat
discharge hemophilus – even
without nasal discharge
direct contact including
respiratory droplets and
discharges from throat and nose
of infected persons
(nasopharyngeal secretions
Encephalitis
brain fever
a. Mosquito-borne encephalitis
 Causative agent: Arbovirus
(arthropod-borne virus)
 Flavivirus family: West Nile
virus, St. Louis Encephalitis
 Togavirus family: Japanese
B, Australian X, Equine
Encephalitis
 Bunyavirus: La Crosse
viruses
 Mode of transmission: bite of an
infective mosquito
 Incubation period: varies
according to the viral disease
b. Viral encephalitis -
 Causative agent: virus
depends on the type of
disease present before
complication
 Mode of transmission –
direct contact through
droplet
Poliomyelitis
infantile paralysis,
heine-medin disease
polioviruses (Legio-debilitans)
picornavirus family
• Brunhilde (I)
• Lansing (II)
• Leon (III)
7 to 14 days
Infectious during the first few
days and after onset of
symptoms when the virus is
present in the throat and feces
direct contact including
respiratory droplets and
discharges from throat and
nose of infected persons
(nasopharyngeal secretions)
and ingestion of fecally
contaminated milk, food and
Rabies
hydrophobia,
lyssa, la rage
Rhabdovirus
10 days to 10 years (21 years)
for man
3 to 8 weeks for rabid animals
dogs and cats can transmit the
virus from 3 to 10 days before
the onset of symptoms and
throughout the course of the
disease
Transmitted through the bite of
rabid animal or through infected
saliva in a break in the skin.

 Incubation period – depends material

on the pre-disease state, but
usually 5 to 15 days
c. Amoebic meningoencephalitis
 Causative agent
 Naeglena fowleri
 Acanthamoeba
 Mode of transmission: water
infected by N. fowleri which
enters nasal passages and
Acanthamoeba through skin
penetration.
 Incubation period: 3 – 7
days
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d. Toxic encephalitis – resulted from

lead and mercurial poisoning.

negative immunity
Trismus
Risus sardonicus Opisthotonus
Rigidity of the abdomen and
extremities
negative immunity
Signs of meningeal irritation
 Brudzinski sign.
 Kernig’s sign
 Opisthotonus
 Nuchal rigidity
can lead to permanent immunity Brunhilde causes permanent offers active immunity
immunity and Lansing/Leon
causes temporary immunity
Signs of meningeal irritation Stage 1 – Invasive or Abortive Rabid Animal
Increase ICP Stage Stage 2 – Pre-paralytic • Dumb form.
Decorticate (toward center) and Stage • Furious form.
decerebrate (extension)  Hoyne sign) Man
Child : high-pitched cry, bulging of  Poker’s sign • Invasive stage
c. leocadio rn, man

II. Respiratory System

Diptheria Pertussis Tuberculosis Influenza
Pseudoembrane Whooping cough Koch, phthsis, PTB Flu
Corynebacterium diptheriae Bordotella Pertussis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Influenza virus A (most severe)
Klebs Loeffler bacillus Hemophilus influenza Mycobacterium africanum Influenza virus B (less extensive)
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Bordet-Gengou bacillus Mycobaterium bovis Influenza virus C

2 to 5 days 7 to 10 days but not exceeding 21 days. less than one month. It may persist for 1 to 5 days (average of 2 days)
lifetime as a latent infection.
Variable until virulent bacilli has disappeared from In early catarrhal stage, paroxysmal cough As long as the tubercle bacilli is being Probably limited to 3 days from
 secretions and lesions, usually 2 weeks and seldom confirms provisional clinical diagnosis 7 discharged through the sputum clinical onset.
more than 4 weeks. 2 to 4 weeks (untreated days after exposure to 3 weeks after onset
individuals) and 1 to 2 weeks (treated individuals) of typical paroxysms.

Spread by droplet infection or contact with direct spread through respiratory and Airborne droplet through droplet infection, by direct
nasopharyngeal secretions and with utensils or salivary contacts. Crowding and close Direct invasion through mucus contact to infected fomites, and by
personal belongings of an infected individual association with patients facilitate spread membrane or breaks in the skin airborne spread inside a crowded and
Bovine tuberculosis enclosed areas.
provides temporary immunity contracting the disease offers long-lasting contracting the disease doesn’t provides unknown duration of
immunity provide total immunity immunity but due to ability of the
virus to mutate, new strains provides
improbable immunity
• Antigenic shift
• Antigenic drift
Psedumembrane • Invasive stage (catarrhal stage) According to extent • Headache, fever and muscle pain
• Nasal type • Spasmodic stage – 4 to 12 weeks • Minimal • Dry cough worsens over a few
• Pharyngeal type (uncommon yet very  Whooping cough • Moderately advanced days and acute symptoms go
dangerous) • Convalescence stage • Far advanced away within a week
• Laryngeal type (most serious type) According to manifestations • Continuous lingering hacking
• Wound type • Active cough, fatigue and generalized
• Mucous membrane type • Inactive weakness
According to DOH • Chilly sensation, backaches and
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• Category I limb pain

• Category II
• Category III
• Category IV

 Cough for two weeks or more

 Afternoon fever
 Chest or back pain not
referable to any musculo-
skeletal disorders
 Hemoptysis
 Significant weight loss
 Sweating, fatigue, body
malaise and shortness of
breath
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Nose and throat culture Clinical manifestations – assessment Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy – Nasopharyngeal secretion analysis
Shick’s test Nasopharyngeal swab (Bordet-Gengou test) Chest X-ray
Maloney’s test Increase WBC and lymphocyte count Mantoux test
Purified protein derivative
WHO – 10- 14 mm (+)
 DOH – 8 to 10 mm (+)
1. Administer medications, as ordered. 1. Administer medications, as ordered. 1. Medications: HRZES 1. Administer medications, as
a. Equine diphtheria anti-toxin a. Penicillin • Fixed dose combination (FDC) ordered.
b. Penicillin / erythromycin 2. Avoid abdominal hernia by using • Single drug formulation (SDF) a. Amantidine (Symmetrel) /
c. Mild analgesia – control pain abdominal binders Rimantidine (Flumadine) –
2. Maintain patency of airway. 3. Symptomatic / supportive care 2. Chemoprophylaxis: Isoniazid and Zanamivir (Reenza) and
a. RES-P-RA-2-R-Y Vitamin B6 for 6 months to 1 year. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
b. Tracheostomy set at bed side 2. Symptomatic / supportive care
3. Throat irrigation and clearing 3. RES-P-RA-2-R (General
4. Symptomatic / supportive care management)
4. Symptomatic / supportive care
• DPT immunization – 3 doses, given @ 6 weeks, IM @ thigh with one month interval BCG immunization – given at or Respiratory secretion isolation.
• Avoid contact with nasopharyngeal secretions. No kissing. anytime after birth, 1 dose ID, .05 ml
Secretions should be disposed and if possible, burn it. at right deltoid region
Cover nose and mouth when sneezing
and coughing
Respiratory isolation
c. leocadio rn, man

III. Gastrointestinal
Dysentery
Typhoid Fever Cholera (Violent)
(enteric fever) Bacillary Amebic
cholera, el tor, washerwoman’s
(shigellosis, blood flux aamebiasis
disease
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Salmonella typhosa Shflesneri, Vibrio cholera (classical) Entamoeba histolytica

Shboy-dii, Vibrio el tor (both with serotypes ogawa
Sn-connei, and inaba)
Sh-dysenteriae,
 variable; average 2 weeks, usually 1 to 3
weeks
as long as typhoid bacilli are present in
the excreta
Ingestion of contaminated water and food
due to infected urine and feces (feco-oral
route). Flies serves as the vector
1 days, usually less than 4 years old
During acute infection and until
microorganism is absent from feces
Ingestion of contaminated water, milk and
food due to infected urine and feces (feco-
oral route). Flies also serve as a vector
carrier
few hours to 5 days, average of 3 days
7 to 14 days after onset, occasionally 2-3
months
Ingestion of contaminated water, milk and
food due to infected urine and feces (feco-
oral route). Flies also serve as a vector
carrier. El tor can exists in water for an
extended period of time
usually 2 to 4 weeks
during the period of cyst passing which
may occur for years
Ingestion of contaminated water and food
containing the cyst form (feco-oral route).
It can also be contracted through sexual
means

gives no permanent immunity
Prodromal stage
Fastidial
• Rose spot in the abdomen
 Ladder-like fever
 Spleenomegaly
 Typhoid psychosis
 Carphologia
 Subsultus tendinum
Defervescence
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gives no permanent immunity frank clinical attack may offer temporary
immunity, which may give protection for
several years
• Chills and fever • Invasive stage
• Nausea and vomiting • Collapse stage
• Tenesmus – painful straining  Profuse watery stool (rice
• Stool with pus and blood watery stool)
 Signs and symtomps of
dehydration – Washerwoman’s
sign
• Reaction stage
Negative immunity. Reinfection is possible
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Chills
• Bloody or mucopurulent diarrhea
• Can lead to brain amebiasis, liver
amebiasis and lung amebiasis

Lysis/convalescence
Blood culture
Fecalysis and Urinalysis
Increase WBC
1. Administer medications, as ordered.
a. Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin
2. Administer IVF to treat dehydration and
diarrhea
3. D-I-A-R-E-O (general management for
diarrhea)
4. Symptomatic / supportive care
5. Prevent possible complications (e.g.
perforation, hemorrhage, peritonitis)
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Rectal swab
Stool exam
Serologic test
1. Administer medications, as
ordered.
a. Sulfamethoxazole
b. Trimetoprim
c. Severe cases: Ampicillin,
Tetracycline, Cotrimoxazole
2. D-I-A-R-E-O (general management
for diarrhea)
3. Symptomatic / supportive care
4. Prevent possible complications
(e.g. severe dehydration
• B-A-H-A-W (general management for food handling)
Rectal swab Stool exam – trophozoites or cysts present
Stool exam in fresh stool
Vomitus exam Sigmoidoscopy
1. Administer medications, as ordered - 1. Administer medications, as ordered –
Tetracycline Metronidazole (Flagyl)
2. D-I-A-R-E-O (general management for 2. D-I-A-R-E-O (general management for
diarrhea) diarrhea)
3. Symptomatic / supportive care 3. Symptomatic / supportive care
4. Continue breastfeeding for infants. 4. Prevent severe dehydration leading to
5. Prevent severe dehydration leading to shock
shock

• CDT immunization (IM deltoid area) provides 6 months immunity

• Exclude infected individuals in preparing and handling food.
• Environmental sanitation
• Four R’s of Proper Food handling
• Avoid sexual practices that may permit feco-oral contamination
 Hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) Hepatitis C (non-A / non-B)
Epidemic hepatitis
Homologous serum jaundice
Epidemic jaundice
Australia antigen hepatitis Post-transfusion hepatitis
Catarrhal jaundice
HB
HA
Picornavirus, HAV Hepadnavirus, HBV Flavivirus, HCV
Feco-oral Blood, semen Blood, possibly semen
3-5 weeks 10-15 weeks 6 to 7 weeks
Gamma globulin (Grammar), inactivated
Recombinant vaccine, immunoglobulin No vaccine
vaccine
Blood screening for blood donation.
Sanitary food handling (control and screening) Use of disposable equipment especially syringe and needles.
Frequent hand washing Avoid sexual contact for those infected.
Avoid street foods. No sharing of personal items which may cause break in the skin. (e.g. razor)
Avoid use of needles that are contaminated especially during ear piercing, acupuncture and tattoing

Enterobiasis Ascariasis Strongyloidiasis Trichuriasis Ancylostomiasis Taeniasis

Pinworm
Oxyuris vermicularis
c. leocadio rn, man
Roundworm Threadworm Whipworm Hookworm Tapeworm
Diphyllobothrium latum
Necator americanus & (fish)
Ascaris lumbricoides Strongyloides stercoralis Trichuris trichuria
Ancylostoma duodonale Taenia saginata (beef)
Taenia solium (pork)

Mouth Mouth Skin penetration Mouth Skin penetration Mouth

Adults and ova
Fomites, autoinfection,
fecal contamination
Anal itching (nocturnal ani),
restlessness, irritability,
nervousness, poor sleep
Hemorrhage, Eczema and
Anal infection
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Adults and ova Larva Ova Adults and ova Ova and worm segments
Vomitus, soil contamination Fecal, soil contamination Insufficiently cooked meat
Skin rash at site of
Abdominal pain, live worms penetration, cough, Anemia, weakness, fatigue,
Abdominal pain, bloody Few or no symptoms,
vomited or passed in the abdominal pains, physical and mental
stool, weight loss sometimes anemia
stool intermittent diarrhea, retardation in children
weight loss
Lung, appendix, bile duct, Obstruction of biliary duct
Dehydration Rectal prolapsed Vitamin B12 deficiency
liver involvement Stunted growth
Stool Exam, Scotch tape method, Direct fecal smear, Kato and Kato Katz techniques
Use of sanitary toilet.
Keeping fingernails short.
Use of foot wear.
Boil water for 2 to 3 minutes and wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly.

Dispose infected stool properly and carefully.

Meticulous cleansing of skin especially in anal region, hands and nails.
Administer drugs – anti-helmintic drugs (albendazole, mebendazole), Piperazine citrate, Pyrantel pamoate
c. leocadio rn, man

IV. Integumetary
Measles German Measles Chicken Pox Herpes Zoster Leprosy
rubeola, , little red disease, hard
rubella, roseola, hansen’s disease, hansenosis,
measles, seven-day measles, varicella shingles, zona
rothein, three-day measles leprae, leoniliasis
nine-day measles
Morbili virus of the Paramyxovirus Rubella virus or Togavirus Varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivated Varicella-Zoster Mycobacterium leprae
family virus (VZV)
10-12 days 14-21 days 2 to 3 weeks 7-14 days 5 ½ months to 8 years
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4 days before and 5 days
after
transmitted through droplet
One week before and 4 days
after appearance of rashes
transmitted through droplet
Not more than one day
before and more than 6
days after appearance of
the first crop
Direct contact or droplet
One day before and 5-6 3 months, if one week of
days after appearance of treatment, client is non-infectious
lesions
airborne – inhalation of droplet/spray
 infection and direct contact with
nasopharyngeal secretions of
infected persons
contracting the disease provides
natural active immunity (lifetime)
Pre-eruptive stage
 High fever
 Conjunctivitis (Stimson’s
sign)
 Koplik’s
Eruptive stage
 Deep red maculo-papular
eruptions (begins at the
hairline, behind the ears,
back of the neck) –
cephalocaudal in
appearance (3rd day)
 Rash turns from red to
brown (in 2 to 3 days)
Post-eruptive stage -
desquamation
c. leocadio rn, man
• Early signs:
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infection and direct contact with
nasopharyngeal secretions of
infected persons, indirectly through
fomites
contracting the disease provides
natural active immunity (lifetime)
but can be latent
Pre-eruptive stage
 Low grade fever
 Forscheimer’s spot –
fine red spot on the soft
palate Eruptive stage
 Eruptive stage
 Pink-red
maculopapular rashes,
relatively smaller than
measles’ rash (appears on
face first then going to the
trunk and extremities
(cephalocaudal)
 Post-eruptive stage -
flaking
Physical assessment
spread, indirect through from coughing and sneezing of
fomites soiled by discharges untreated leprosy patient; prolonged
of infected individual. skin to skin contact
lifetime immunity temporary immunity
Pre-eruptive stage  Neuralgic, burning • Lepromatous type
 Low grade fever pain experienced along • Tuberculoid type
 Headache the cluster of skin • Indeterminate type
 Body malaise vesicles, along courses of • Borderline type
peripheral sensory nerves
 Macular- (usually unilateral and According to presence of lesions:
papular-vesiculo- found in the trunk, thorax  Single-lesion paucibacillary
pustular rashes and face)  Paucibacillary
(appearing first in  Fever and malaise  Multibacillary
the trunk or any  According to WHO and MDT
covered part of the
 Paucibacillary – tuberculoid and
body – unifocular)
indeterminate
Post-eruptive stage
 Multibacillary – lepromatous and
Rashes start to crust and
borderline
disappear
According to DOH
 Change in skin color – either
reddish or whitish
 Loss of sensation on the skin
lesion
 Anhydrosis
 Thickened and painful nerves
 Muscle weakness or paralysis of
extremities
 Nasal obstruction or bleeding
 Conjunctivitis
 Ulcers that doesn’t heal
Late signs
 Madarosis
 Lagophthalmos
 Clawing of fingers and toes
 Contractures
 Sinking of the nose bridge
 Gynecomastia
 Chronic ulcers
Slit skin smear

1. C-A-T-I (general management
for pruritus)
2. Symptomatic / supportive care
3. Prevent complications (e.g.
otitis media,
bronchopneumonia, bronchitis
Anti-measles vaccine – given to
child after nine months, (0.5 cc,
SQ, deltoid muscle)
Respiratory secretion isolation
c. leocadio rn, man
V. Vector-borne diseases
Dengue
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H-fever, Breakbone fever
Dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 & 4 and
1. C-A-T-I (general
management for pruritus)
2. Symptomatic /
supportive care
3. Prevent complications
(e.g. otitis media,
bronchopneumonia,
bronchitis
Respiratory secretion isolation
Avoid German measles during
pregnancy (first trimester
Malaria
ague,
king of tropical diseases
P. falciparum
Lepromin reaction test
1. Administer medications as 1. Administer drugs as 1. Administer medications as
ordered. ordered. ordered.
a. Penicillin a. Analgesics Multidrug therapy – Rifampicin,
b. Alkalinizing agents b. Corticosteroids Dapsone, Clofazimine
c. Acyclovir – Immunosin c. Antiviral 2. Symptomatic / supportive care
d. 1 % Hydrocortisone (Acyclovir) 3. Provide emotional and
lotion 2. C-A-T-I (general psychological support
2. C-A-T-I (general management management for pruritus)
for pruritus) 3. Symptomatic / supportive
3. Symptomatic / supportive care
care a. Promote bed rest
4. Prevent complications (e.g. b. Isolate client
pneumonia, impetigo,
encephalitis)
Respiratory secretion isolation BCG immunization
Avoid skin contact if still untreated.
Filariasis Leptospirosis Schistosomiasis
wei’ls disease, mud fever, trench
fever, flood fever, spiroketal
human lymphatic filariasis, jaundice, Japanese seven days fever, bilhariasis,
elephantiasis hemorrhagic jaundice, canicola snail fever
fever, swineherd’s disease,
icterohemorrhagic spirochetosis
Wuchureria bancrofti, Leptospira interrogans Schistosoma mansoni (endemic
 Chikungunya • Most common in the Brugia malayi and Brugia Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae (most in the Philippines)
Philippines, around 70% of timori virulent) causing Weil’s disease. S. haematobium
cases 51: japonicum
• Causes severe/complicated
malaria and death if not
treated promptly and
appropriately
• Resistance to antimalarial
drugs in the country is
widespread but low grade
• 12 days
P. vivax
• Comprised around 30% of
cases
• Very rarely causes severe
disease
• Sensitive to antimalarial
drugs; resistance suspected
in some countries (New
Guinea, Indonesia)
• Relapse is common if not
treated adequately with
anti-relapse drug
c. leocadio rn, man

• 13 to 17 days
P. malariae
• Very rare; less than 1% of
cases in the country
• Infection is usually not
severe but may last up to 50
years if not treated
• Drug resistance has not yet
been documented
• 13 to 16 days
P. ovale
• Not found in the Philippines;
present in some Africa
countries
• Relapse may occur if not
treated adequately with
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anti-relapse drug;
• Drug resistance has not yet
been
• 28 to 30 days
uncertain, probably 6 days to 1 starts from the entry of the ranges from 7 to 19 days, with starts from the entry of the
 week
unknown, presumed to be on the 1st
week of illness – when virus is still
present in the blood
infective larvae to the
development of clinical
manifestations, usually it
ranges from 8 to 16 months
Unknown, presumed to be on the 1st
week of illness – when virus is still
present in the blood
average of 10 days infective larvae to the
development of clinical
manifestations, usually it ranges
from 8 to 16 months
As long as microorganism is present in water

Aedes Agypti (biological Anopheles flavistoris – breeds on Aedes poecilus, usually Through contact of the skin, Fresh water contaminated by
transmitter) slow-flowing, partly shaded water found in abaca stalks especially open wounds with water, Schistosoma eggs when infected
Aedes albopictus (biological and bites at night. moist soil or vegetation people urinate or defecate in the
transmitter) contaminated with urine of infected water.
Culex fatigans. Aedes Aegypti Anopheles litoralis - vector in host. Vector includes wild rat Oncomelania quadrasi, a tiny
coastal areas snail serves as an intermediate
Low flying mosquito that bites at Anopheles maculatus host
the lower extremities before sunrise Anopheles mangyanus
and sunset and usually breeds on a Anopheles balabacensis
clear, stagnant water.

o immunity is contracted because no immunity is contracted No known immunity Immunity is contracted, but possible no immunity is contracted
there are four different strains of infection reoccurrence is observed if
dengue other serovars caused the infection.
c. leocadio rn, man

Grade 1 – Febrile stage (first 4 Cold stage Asymptomatic stage Leptospiremic phase • Liver damage
days) • Presence of chills mostly 10 to • No clinical signs and • Fever, headache • Malnutrition
• Herman’s sign 15 minutes symptoms • Nausea and vomiting • Weakness
• Petechiae may be present Hot stage Acute stage • Cough, chest pain • Accumulation of fluid in the
Grade 2 – Hemorrhagic stage (4th to • Fever, headache • Lymphadenitis • Myalgia abdominal cavity (ascites)
7th days) • Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting • Lymphangitis • Conjuctivitis, jaundice • Inflammation of the skin and
• Melena • Nose bleeding • Male genitalia – • Hematemesis, hematuria, itching
• Hematochezia • Last for 4 to 6 hours funiculitis, epidydimits, hepatomegaly
• Epistaxis Diaphoretic stage or orhitis (redness, Immune phase
Grade 3 – Circulatory failure / Toxic • Sweating painful, tender scrotum)
stage • Generalized body malaise Chronic stage
Grade 4 – Hypovolemic shock • Decreased pulse rate, • Hydrocele
temperature and respiratory • Lymphedema
rate • Elephantiasis
Others
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• Anemia
• Hepatomegaly
• Spleenomegaly

Torniquet test / Rumple Lead’s test Malarial Smear Physical examination and Agglutination test Fecal and urinal examination
 Hematocrit level
Platelet count
1. Administer medications as
needed.
 Vitamin K – to promote
blood clotting.
 Antipyretics – for fever. No
aspirin.
2. Control bleeding
3. Avoid shock
4. Symptomatic / supportive
care
• 4 o’clock habit by DOH
C – hemically treated mosquito
nets
L – arvivorous fishes
E – nvironmental sanitation
A – nti-mosquito soaps
N – ymph tree / eucalyptus tree
c. leocadio rn, man
• Isolation of the infected person
(sleeping under the mosquito
net)
• Case finding and reporting
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VII. Sexually transmitted Diseases
Herpes Simplex Type 1
Quantitative Buffy Coat
1. Administer medications as
needed
a. Blood Schizonticides -
-quines (Choloroquines,
Primaquines, Quinidine
Sulfate)
b. Antipyretics for fever
2. Symptomatic / supportive care
• 4 o’clock habit by DOH
C – hemically treated mosquito
nets
L – arvivorous fishes
E – nvironmental sanitation
A – nti-mosquito soaps
N – ymph tree / eucalyptus tree
• Isolation of the infected person
(sleeping under the mosquito
net)
• Mass screening – MBS – Mass
Blood Smear collection
• House spraying (fumigation)
• 0n stream-seeding
• On stream-clearing
history taking CSF analysis
Nocturnal Blood Culture and Sensitivity
examination (NBE)
Immunochromatographic
Test (ICT)
1. Administer 1. Administer medications, as 1. Administer Praziquantel
Diethylcarbamazine ordered (Biltricide). Alternative drugs
Citrate (DEC) or  Penicillin and other B include
2. Assist in surgical lactam antibiotics  Oxamniquine for S.
therapy  Tetracycline mansoni
a. Lymphovenous (Doxycycline)  Metrifonate for
anastomosis -  Erythromycin in patients haematobium.
b. Chyluria to allergic to penicillin. 2. Symptomatic / supportive
3. Symptomatic / 2. Symptomatic / supportive care care
supportive care a. Measure abdominal
girth
• 4 o’clock habit by DOH • Environmental sanitation • Proper waste disposal
C – hemically treated • Eradication of rats • Use of molluscicides
mosquito nets • Use of rubber boots • Apply 70% alcohol after
L – arvivorous fishes exposure to water
E – nvironmental • Use of rubber boots
sanitation • Water can be treated with
A – nti-mosquito soaps
iodine or chlorine, standing
N – ymph tree / 48-72 hours before use
eucalyptus tree
• Improve irrigation and
cultural practices
• On stream-clearing
Herpes Simplex Type 2
 Usually last for 7 to 10 days
Transmitted by kissing, sharing kitchen utensils or sharing
towels
Commonly affect lips, mouth, nose, chin or cheeks
Tiny, clear, fluid-filled blisters
2-12 days
Acquired by sexual contact
Can also be spread by touching an unaffected part of the body after touching the herpes
lesion
Cause genital sores, affecting buttocks, penis, vagina or cervix
Minor rash or itching, painful sores, fever, muscular pain, burning sensation on urination

Gonorrhea Syphilis Chylamydia Trichomoniasis

Strain, Clap, Jack
Lues, the Pox, Bad blood, Sy Chylamydia Trich
Morning drop, Gleet, GC
Neisseria gonorrhea Treponema pallidum Chylamydia tranchomatis Trichomonas vaginalis
2-10 days 10 – 90 days 14-21 days 4 to 20 days
Primary: chancre
Drainage, lymph node
involvement
Secondary: Condyloma lata
Burning sensation, yellowish discharge, Painful and burning sensation especially
Skin rashes, alopecia, fever, Asymptomatic in men
pelvic pain, fever (male) during urination
headache, sore throat, body Burning, pruritus and vaginal discharge for
+ nausea and vomiting , urinary Painful sexual intercourse
malaise female
frequency (female)
Tertiary: Gumma
Cardiovascular changes
Ataxia
c. leocadio rn, man

Stroke/blindness
Wasserman’s test
Cervical smear
Culture and Sensitivity Microscopic slide of discharge
Urethral smear Culture and Sensitivity
Dark illumination test Culture and Sensitivity
Culture and Sensitivity
Kalm test
Penicillin
Tetracycline Doxycycline Metronidazole – female
Penicillin
Ceftriaxone Azithromycin (pregnant) Tetracycline – male
Amoxicillin
Pelvic inflammatory disease Organ damages Sterility
Sterility Insanity Prematurity and stillbirths Cervical cancer
Eye damage (newborn) Brain damage Blindness (newborn)
michael

VIII. Bioterrorism
Small Pox Anthrax SARS (Severe Acquired Respiratory Syndrome)
Variola virus Bacillus Anthracis Human Corona Virus
12 days 60 days (inhalation) 7 to 10 days
 1-6 days (cutaneous)
Droplet Inhalation, ingestion and skin lesion Airborne
Inhalation: Fever
Fever Cough, headache, fever, vomiting, chills, dyspnea, syncope Cough
Malaise Cutaneous: Rapid respiration and distress
Headach Maculopapular rash, eschar Dyspnea
Backache Intestinal: Atelectasis
Maculo-papular rashes on face, mouth and Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, hematochezia, ascites,
pharynx massive diarrhea

Symptomatic / supportive Supportive/Symptomatic

Autoclaving Ciprofloxacin / Doxycycline Ventilatory
Cremation N95
c. leocadio rn, man
michael