Web services

Web Services can convert your application into a Web-application, which can
publish its function or message to the rest of the world. Web Services are
published, found, and used through the Web.

The basic Web Services platform is XML + HTTP.

Before you continue, you should have a basic understanding of the following:

 HTML
 XML

What are Web Services?

 Web services are application components
 Web services communicate using open protocols
 Web services are self-contained and self-describing
 Web services can be discovered using UDDI
 Web services can be used by other applications
 XML is the basis for Web services

How does it Work?

The basic Web services platform is XML + HTTP.

XML provides a language which can be used between different platforms and programming languages
and still express complex messages and functions.

The HTTP protocol is the most used Internet protocol.

Web services platform elements:

 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

 UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
 WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

Web Services take Web-applications to the Next Level

 By using Web services, your application can publish its function or message to the rest of the
world.
 Web services use XML to code and to decode data, and SOAP to transport it (using open
protocols).
 With Web services, your accounting department's Win 2k server's billing system can connect
with your IT supplier's UNIX server.
Web Services have Two Types of Uses
 Reusable application-components.
 There are things applications needs very often. So why make these over and over again?
 Web services can offer application-components like: currency conversion, weather reports, or
even language translation as services.
 Connect existing software.
 Web services can help to solve the interoperability problem by giving different applications a
way to link their data.
 With Web services you can exchange data between different applications and different
platforms.

What is SOAP?
SOAP is an XML-based protocol to let applications exchange information over HTTP.

Or more simple: SOAP is a protocol for accessing a Web Service.

 SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

 SOAP is a communication protocol
 SOAP is a format for sending messages
 SOAP is designed to communicate via Internet
 SOAP is platform independent
 SOAP is language independent
 SOAP is based on XML
 SOAP is simple and extensible
 SOAP allows you to get around firewalls
 SOAP is a W3C standard

What is WSDL?
WSDL is an XML-based language for locating and describing Web services.

 WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language

 WSDL is based on XML
 WSDL is used to describe Web services
 WSDL is used to locate Web services
 WSDL is a W3C standard

What is UDDI?
UDDI is a directory service where companies can register and search for Web services.

 UDDI stands for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration

 UDDI is a directory for storing information about web services
 UDDI is a directory of web service interfaces described by WSDL
 UDDI communicates via SOAP
 UDDI is built into the Microsoft .NET platform
XML Parser

All modern browsers have a built-in XML parser.

An XML parser converts an XML document into an XML DOM object - which can then
be manipulated with a JavaScript.

Parse an XML Document

The following code fragment parses an XML document into an XML DOM object:

if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
  {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
  xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
  }
else
  {// code for IE6, IE5
  xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
xmlhttp.open("GET","books.xml",false);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlDoc=xmlhttp.responseXML;

Parse an XML String

The following code fragment parses an XML string into an XML DOM object:

txt="<bookstore><book>";
txt=txt+"<title>Everyday Italian</title>";
txt=txt+"<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>";
txt=txt+"<year>2005</year>";
txt=txt+"</book></bookstore>";

if (window.DOMParser)
  {
  parser=new DOMParser();
  xmlDoc=parser.parseFromString(txt,"text/xml");
  }
else // Internet Explorer
  {
  xmlDoc=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLDOM");
  xmlDoc.async="false";
  xmlDoc.loadXML(txt);
  }
 Note: Internet Explorer uses the loadXML() method to parse an XML string, while other browsers use
the DOMParser object.

A DOM (Document Object Model) defines a standard way for accessing and
manipulating documents.

The XML DOM

The XML DOM defines a standard way for accessing and manipulating XML documents.

The XML DOM views an XML document as a tree-structure.

All elements can be accessed through the DOM tree. Their content (text and attributes) can be
modified or deleted, and new elements can be created. The elements, their text, and their attributes
are all known as nodes.

SOAP

SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol that allows applications to exchange information over HTTP.

Or more simply: SOAP is a protocol for accessing a web service.

If you want to learn more about SOAP, please visit our SOAP tutorial.

Web Services

Web services can convert your applications into web-applications.

By using XML,  messages can be sent between applications.

A better way to communicate between applications is over HTTP, because HTTP is supported by all
Internet browsers and servers. SOAP was created to accomplish this.

SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications running on different operating systems,
with different technologies and programming languages.

Binding
ple SOAP Syntax
mary « Previous Next Chapter »
SOAP Building Blocks
A SOAP message is an ordinary XML document containing the following elements:

 An Envelope element that identifies the XML document as a SOAP message

 A Header element that contains header information
 A Body element that contains call and response information
 A Fault element containing errors and status information

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope"
soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">

<soap:Header>
...
</soap:Header>

<soap:Body>
...
  <soap:Fault>
  ...
  </soap:Fault>
</soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

A SOAP Example
In the example below, a GetStockPrice request is sent to a server. The request has a StockName
parameter, and a Price parameter that will be returned in the response. The namespace for the
function is defined in "http://www.example.org/stock".

A SOAP request:
POST /InStock HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.org
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: nnn

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope"
soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">

<soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.example.org/stock">
  <m:GetStockPrice>
    <m:StockName>IBM</m:StockName>
  </m:GetStockPrice>
</soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

The SOAP response:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: nnn

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<soap:Envelope
xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope"
soap:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">

<soap:Body xmlns:m="http://www.example.org/stock">
  <m:GetStockPriceResponse>
    <m:Price>34.5</m:Price>
  </m:GetStockPriceResponse>
</soap:Body>

</soap:Envelope>

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language.

XML is designed to transport and store data.

XML is important to know, and very easy to learn.

Test Harness
A software tool that enables the testing of software components that links test capabilities to
perform specific tests, accept program inputs, simulate missing components, compare actual
outputs with expected outputs to determine correctness, and report discrepancies.
What should a test harness include?

 Test harnesses should include the following capabilities:

 A standard way to specify setup (i.e., creating an artificial runtime environment) and cleanup.
 A method for selecting individual tests to run, or all tests.
 A means of analyzing output for expected (or unexpected) results.
 A standardized form of failure reporting.

The SOAP Test Harness is an ASP.NET application created in VS.NET that allows technical and
functional personnel to test Web Services

SOAP Test Harness user enters the URL of the WSDL document and then selects the specific Web
method that needs to be tested. The user then enters values for the method parameters. Code is
generated for

1. Declaring a proxy class instance and parameter variables,

2. Instantiating a proxy class object ,
3. Assigning values to the parameters,
4. Invoking the Web method, and
5. Displaying the output.

SoapUI is a useful tool for testing web services. Not only makes it possible to test deployed web
services, but it also offers the possibility to mock any "external" service needed by the service
you want to test. As a result, you can test your web service independently from any other
external service.