MICROSOFT CERTIFIED 
         SYSTEM ENGINEER 

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 Microsoft Certified System Engineer

Introduction to MCSE
The new MCSE track requires 7 exams. Only 1 of those is an elective. The Networking component has
4 required exams. They are as follows:

• Exam 70-290: Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment
• Exam 70-291: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Network Infrastructure
• Exam 70-293: Planning and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network
Infrastructure
• Exam 70-294: Planning, Implementing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003
Active Directory Infrastructure

The client component consists of a choice between the existing client exams Windows XP
Professional (70-270) or Windows 2000 Professional (70-210). If you have already passed one of
these exams, then you do not need to worry about the client component.

The Design component consists of 1 exam and you will have a choice between 2 exams:

• Exam 70-297: Designing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Active Directory and Network
Infrastructure
• Exam 70-298: Designing Security for a M
• Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network

You can take both of these exams and use 1 of them to satisfy your elective requirement which is
discussed next.

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3
 Microsoft Certified System Engineer

70-291: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a

Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure

70-293: Planning and Maintaining a Windows Server 2003

Network Infrastructure

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5
 INDEX

Chapter 1: Introduction to Win2003 Network Infrastructure ……………………..8

Chapter 2: Introduction to TCP/IP………………………..........................................13

Chapter 3: Implementing DHCP…………………………………………...….........19

Chapter 4: Implementing DNS……………………………………………………..39

Chapter 5: Implementing WINS…………………….................................................60

Chapter 6: Implementing Routing and Remote Access Service…………...............71

Chapter 7: Configure Win2003 Server as a Router……………………..……….....92

Chapter 8: Managing Windows 2003 Network …………………………..……....110

Chapter 9: Troubleshooting Network Problems…………………………………..114

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS 2003 NETWORK
INFRASTRUCTURE

Local Area Network

LAN use at corporate office and Internet Cafe. It is a wire network where the system is connected
under one building. Managing and trouble shooting of LAN is easy.

Hub

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Remote Access Network

Remote access connection uses Dial Up Networking with PSTN & ISDN telephone
connection. This connection is slower & expensive than LAN.

Hub Modem Internet

Internet

The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a
network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information
from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived
by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first
known as the ARPANET. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a
research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A
side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than
one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of
a military attack or other disaster.

Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of
millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of the
currently existing public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is
its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

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Intranet

An intranet is a private network that is contained within an enterprise. It may consist of many
interlinked local area networks and also use leased lines in the wide area network. Typically, an
intranet includes connections through one or more gateway computers to the outside Internet. The
main purpose of an intranet is to share company information and computing resources among
employees. An intranet can also be used to facilitate working in groups and for teleconferences.

An intranet uses TCP/IP, HTTP, and other Internet protocols and in general looks like a private
version of the Internet. With tunneling, companies can send private messages through the public
network, using the public network with special encryption/decryption and other security safeguards to
connect one part of their intranet to another.

Typically, larger enterprises allow users within their intranet to access the public Internet through
firewall servers that have the ability to screen messages in both directions so that company security is
maintained. When part of an intranet is made accessible to customers, partners, suppliers, or others
outside the company, that part becomes part of an extranet.

Extranet

An extranet is a private network that uses Internet technology and the public telecommunication
system to securely share part of a business's information or operations with suppliers, vendors,
partners, customers, or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that
is extended to users outside the company. It has also been described as a "state of mind" in which the
Internet is perceived as a way to do business with other companies as well as to sell products to
customers.

An extranet requires security and privacy. These can include firewall server management, the issuance
and use of digital certificates or similar means of user authentication, encryption of messages, and the
use of virtual private networks (VPN) that tunnel through the public network.

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 Notes

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 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO TCP/IP

TCP/IP Invention

ARPANET (1960) NCP

ARPANET IP
(1970-1980)

INTERNIC (1982) TCP/IP

INTERNIC (1992) HTTP

DNS, SMTP,
INTERNIC (1994) POP3

TCP and IP were developed by a Department of Defense (DOD) research project to connect a number
different networks designed by different vendors into a network of networks (the "Internet"). It was
initially successful because it delivered a few basic services that everyone needs (file transfer,
electronic mail, remote logon) across a very large number of client and server systems. Several
computers in a small department can use TCP/IP (along with other protocols) on a single LAN.

The IP component provides routing from the department to the enterprise network, then to regional
networks, and finally to the global Internet. On the battlefield a communications network will sustain
damage, so the DOD designed TCP/IP to be robust and automatically recover from any node or phone
line failure. This design allows the construction of very large networks with less central management.
However, because of the automatic recovery, network problems can go undiagnosed and uncorrected
for long periods of time.

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DOD Model (Department of Defenses)

DOD model consist of four layers

Application layer - It contains all the TCP/IP application & services, TCP/IP application/Client
server base.

OS

C/S

TCP/IP TCP/IP

Telnet-------------------------------------------------Telnet Server
Microsoft FTP ---------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP-------------------------------------------------FTP server
HTTP -------------------------------------------------HTTPD (Demon Server)
Unix FTP --------------------------------------------------- FTPD

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 Telnet - It is a terminal emulation utility. It is used to access the Remote system. (Telnet server) From
the remote client, telnet client (text)
From Services start the telnet service go to CMD type telnet IP address of Telnet Machine.

FTP -It is an application & it is used to transfer of files uploading & downloading files.

HTTP - (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) it is mainly used on web server. It uses www. Service it
support text graphic video.

SMTP - It is used for simple mail on main server. Ex. Exchange lotus notes. SMTP is used to sent
mails and pop3 is use to receive mail.

SNMP - Simple network management protocol SNMP service is used to monitor TCP/IP statistics on
SNMP client.

Host-to-Host Layer - It consists of to communication protocol.

TCP - Transmission communication protocol
• It’s a connection oriented protocol
• It uses acknowledgement.
• Packet Delivery is garn tied
• It is slower than UDP

UDP - User Datagram protocol

• It is connectionless protocol
• It does not use acknowledgement
• Packet delivery is not garn tied
• It is faster than TCP

Internet Layer

IP - IP is connectionless protocol by default IP is responsible to root IP packet to the destination IP

uses IP address for communication.

ICMP - Internet control massage process. It is responsible for network massage and error.

ARP - Address resolution protocol it maps the IP address network layer.

It is empty it does not contain any protocol. It handles LAN & WAN connection.

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IP Addressing

IP address is 32 Bit logical address __. __. __. __=32 bit logical address.
IP address consist of four octate.

Classes of IP Address
A Class --------1 to 126
B Class --------128 to 191
C Class --------192 to 223
D Class --------224 to 239 (multicast)
E Class --------240 to 254 (future)

127 is reserve for default IP

EX. 90.200.172.8 (A class)

The first octate identifies the class.

IP address consist of the Network ID & Host ID

_____. ____. ____. ____

NT ID & Host ID

Subnet Mask
It is 32 Bit logical address Subnet mask is used to identify the network ID and Host ID in the IP
address subnet mask contains value 255 & 0. 255 identify the network ID & 0 identify the Host ID.

IP address ____. ____. ____. ____ =32 bit logical address.

Default Subnet Mask

A Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 16 million host
255. 0. 0. 0
B Class ____. ____. ____. ____= 65,545 Host
255. 255. 0. 0
C Class____. ____. ____. ____ =254 Host
255. 255. 255. 0

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Converting Decimal to Binary.

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Ex. 170 if 128 is minus from 170 places 1 at first position if not minus place 0 then from remaining
value minus 64 if it can minus place 1 or not place 0 at second position.

170-128= 42, 42-64, 42-32=10, 10-16, 10-8=2, 2-4, 2-2=0, 0-1

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

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CHAPTER 3 IMPLEMENTING DHCP
(DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL)

Every Host installed with TCP/IP compulsory must have an IP address a TCP/IP Host is assign IP
address in two ways.

1) Static Æ Manually
2) Dynamic Æ Automatic

In a large network static address is not feasible. You must use DHCP server to assign IP address to the
entire Host in a network.

192.168.22.1 to 20 Reserve for server

DC1 DC2 Web SRV Email-SRV Database SRV

192.168.22.1 192.168.22.2 192.168.22.3 192.168.22.4 192.168.22.5

CLIENT DHCP SRV

IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS, WINS

o Authorize the DHCP SRV

o Create Scope
o Scope name Æ
o IP address range Æ Start __. __. __. __ ÆEnd __. __. __. __ Æ
Subnet Mask __. __. __. __
o Excluding Range __. __. __. __
o Lease Period: 8 days (till to 999)
o Scope Option: y/n
o Finish.
o Activate Scope

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A DHCP server assigns the following to the DHCP client.
1) IP address
2) Subnet mask
3) Default gateway
4) DNS
5) Wins

DHCP Server Requirement

1) Windows 2003 Server
2) Static IP Address
3) DHCP Service Installed
4) Scope Configured

Installing DHCP Server

Installing DHCP Service

Click Start—Control Panel—Add/Remove Programs---Windows Components—
Networking Services---DHCP

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DHCP IP lease process (DORA Process)

DHCP Client DHCP Server

1) IP lease request
DHCP Discover

IP lease offer 2)
DHCP offer

3) IP lease reflection
DHCP request

IP lease ACK 4)
DHCP ACK

DHCP Client DHCP Server

Broadcast

Net Bios name,

MAC add,
Broadcast address,
255.255.255.255

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DHCP Lease Renewal Process

DHCP SRV

DHCP CLIENT NEW DHCP CLIENT

192.168.22.10 APIPA

50% ---- 4 Days

87.5%-- 7 Days
100% -- 8 Days
APIPA

DHCP Server Scope Components

1) Address Pool -This option display the IP addresses Range and the excluded IP address
range.

2) Address Lease - This option display the information of DHCP client i.e. IP address, client
name, lease Expire date, Mac address of DHCP client.

3) Reservation - you can reserve an IP address to DHCP client by creating a

reservation entry on DHCP server you need to specify 1) Client name 2) IP address
3) MAC address.

4) Scope option - This option you can use this option to provide additional IP
configuration address of router, DNS and Wins.

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Working with multiple scopes

You cannot create multiple scope of same network id.

ROUTER DHCP SRV

10.0.0.1 192.168.22.1

SCOPE 1-- 192.168.22.0

D GATEWAY—192.168.22.1

SCOPE 2—10.0.0.0
D GATEWAY—10.0.0.1

192,168.22.4 10.0.0.8

DHCP sever options

Options applied in server option are applied to all the scopes

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Using super scope

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Using DHCP in Routed Network

ROUTER
DHCP RLEAY AGENT DHCP SRV

DHCP CLIENT DHCP CLIENT

Troubleshooting DHCP Server

1) DHCP Audit Logging

DHCP SRV

DHCP SRV—Properties—general windows\system32\DHCP

DHCPSRVLOG—MON
DHCPSRVLOG—TUE

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Compacting DHCP Database

DHCP SRV

DHCP.MDB

1) Stop DHCP Service

2) Jetpack DHCP.MDB temp.mdb
3) Start DHCP Service

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 CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTING DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM)

Introduction

DNS server Resolve Domain name to IP address.

DNS Server Zone

C1—IP
C2---IP
C3---IP
DNS Client C4---IP
records

C1 DNS Client DNS Client

C1.com ?

C2 C3

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DNS Query Process

1) Iterative Query - The DNS server returns the best answer that it can provide without help from
other server.

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1 8

DNS Client

DNS client wants to connect to server1.com. It will 1st ask its own DNS server, if it doesn’t have then
it will ask other DNS servers. After getting the IP address it will directly connect to Server1.com

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2) Recursive Query - The DNS server returns to complete answer to query not to pointer to another
DNS server.(DNS client will ask its own DNS server and that DNS server will itself ask other DNS
servers and get the IP and give it to the DNS client)

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4

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1 6

DNS Requirement

1) Windows 2003 Server

2) Static IP Address
3) DNS Service Installed
4) Zone Configured

Installing DNS Server

Installing DNS Service

Click Start—Control Panel—Add/Remove Programs---Windows Components—

Networking Services---DNS

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 DNS
Forward Lookup Zone

Zone map domain name to IP address

Reverse Lookup Zone

Zone map IP address to domain name.

DNS Structure
Zone Com Com MCSE.com

Domain India Comp1 Comp1

Sub domain Pune

Host Comp1 comp1.mcse.com

Comp1.com

Comp1.pune.India.com

FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

Creating Zone Æ Win2003 DNS supports different types of zone.

1) Primary Zone
2) Secondary Zone
3) Active Directory Integrated
4) Stub Zone

Primary Zone - It contains a read & write version of the zone file i.e. told in a standard text file. Any
changes to the zone are recorded in that file you must create a primary zone each time if you create a
new zone.

Secondary Zone - Secondary zone contains a read only version of zone file i.e. told in standard text
file any change to zone are recorded in a primary zone file and replicated to the secondary zone file a
secondary zone copy from primary zone.

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Creating Primary Zone

DNS SRV Æ Forward Lookup Zone Æ Right Click New Zone

¾ Primary
¾ Zone Name
¾ Zone Filename
¾ Dynamic Update (Y/N)
¾ Finish
Creating Secondary Zone

DNS SRV Æ Forward Lookup zone Æ Right Click New Zone

¾ Secondary Zone
¾ Zone Name
¾ IP address of master DNS (Name same as Primary Zone)
¾ Finish

Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns Windows\system32\dns\cisco.com.dns

DNS Server DNS Server

Secondary zone Primary zone

Cisco.com Cisco.com
C1---------IP C1-------IP
C2---------IP C2-------IP
C3---------IP C3-------IP
C4---------IP C4-------IP
C5---------IP C5-------IP

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If primary DNS goes down the secondary work as primary secondary is read only & primary is read &
write.

Before You Create a secondary zone you must configure name & setting on a primary zone setting.

On the primary zone properties Æ Zone Transfer Option

In zone Transfer
¾ Check the allow zone transfer
¾ Select the option below i.e. to any server

Zone Transfer

Zone Transfer between primary & secondary a zone transfer is a process of replicating a zone file to
another to another DNS Server a zone transfer instituted the master DNS server sends notification of
zone changes of secondary DNS server in win2003 the DNS Server is updated by incremental zone
transfer.

You can configure zone transfer from

Primary Zone Æ Properties Æ SOA Æ (start of authentication)

SOA option contains
1) serial number
2) primary server
3) Responsible server administrator
4) Time interval, Refresh, Retry and TTL (Time To Leave)

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If primary zone is deleted or courted you can change secondary zone to become a primary zone you
can configure single DNS Server to Host.
1) One or more Primary Zone.
1) One or more secondary zone.
2) Combination of primary and secondary zone.

Active Directory Integrated Zone

ADS (DC). Automatic zone Replication ADS (DC).

Cisco.com Cisco.com

C1-------IP C1-------IP
C3-------IP C3-------IP
C4-------IP C4-------IP
C5-------IP C5-------IP
C6-------IP C6-------IP

Active Directory Integrated Zone - Stores the zone information in an Active Directory not in a text
file. Updated to the zone occur automatically during ADS replication. Active Directory Integrated is
read & write.

Advantage
1) ADS zone date is stored in the ADS object
2) It replicate as port of DC
3) No Single point of failure
4) Fault tolerance
5) Provide secure only option a dynamic update

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Creating primary zone for Reverse Lookup Zone

¾ New zone
¾ Primary
¾ Specify the Net ID
¾ Filename of zone
¾ Allow dynamic Update (Y/N)
¾ Finish

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Examining Zone File Æ

Resource record (RR) Æ RR in zone file contains a computers

1) FQDN @NS Comp1.mcse.com
2) IP address comp1 A 192.168.22.1
3) Alias CC cname comp1.mcse.com
4) Pointer (PTR) 1.22.168.192-in-addr-arpa PTR comp1.mcse.com

Migrate BIND DNS Server to Windows 2003 DNS

LINUX DNS server WIN 2003 DNS server

Zone Zone

200 Records Record

File Copy and Rename

File in Win 2003 server (windows\system32\DNS)

1) Domain.name.dns Æ Forward Lookup file which translate Host name to IP address

2) zyx.win.addr.arpa Æ The reverse Lookup file i.e. used to translate IP address to host name
3) Cache.dns: - Contains the host for resolving name outside authorized domain.
4) Boot: - Controlled how the DNS server service start.

File Type Unix File name Win2003 File name

Boot File named.boot Boot

Forward lookup file db.domain name domain_name.dns
Reverse lookup file db.x.w.y y.x.w.in.addr.arpa.dns

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Dynamic Update
The DNS dynamic update protocol allows client to automatically update DNS server.

DHCP server Pre win 2000 / NT4.0/98

Win 2000/2003/XP

DNS server

Cisco.com – enable dynamic update

(secure/ non secure)

• If all the machines are Win 2000 / 2003/ XP then we will directly make them DNS client and
they are already enabled for dynamic updates.
• We will select non secure and secure on the dynamic update of DNS server.
• All the information of the client will be automatically updated BUT if there are pre win 2000
machines also, so we will have to take help of DHCP.
• Will have to make all the machines including win 2000/ 2003 / XP DHCP clients and the
DHCP server will update the DNS server.

To enable dynamic update you need to configure DNS server & DHCP server.

Configure DNS server Æ

DNS Æ Zone Æ Properties Æ General Æ Dynamic Update Æ Non Secure & secure Æ

Configure DHCP server Æ

DHCP Server/scope Æ properties Æ DNS
Select Enable DNS Dynamic Update option
Dynamically update DNS A and Records only if requested by DHCP Cilents
Always dynamically update DNS A and PTR
Discard A and PTR records when lease Records is deleted
Dynamically Update DNS A and PTR records for DHCP Clients that do no request update for
example, Clients running windows NT 4.0
Secure are the computer in same Domain
Non secure means are computer outside domain
If the zone active directory integrated that you get secure only option in the Dynamic update.

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Maintaining & Troubleshooting DNS

Reducing Network Traffic: -

CITY 1

Forwarder only catching

DNS server

WAN link
CITY 2

Main DNS server

Catching only server perform name resolution on behalf of client computers and cache results

DNS server Æ Properties Æ Forwarders Æ specify the IP address of DNS server to which you want
forward .

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If the DNS server is root zone that it can not be forwarder maintain DNS Zone
A----------------Host
PTR------------Reverse
Cname---------Alias
SRV------------Service
M---------------Mail
SOA

Monitoring DNS
Test DNS: - You can test the simple and recursive query of DNS
DNS SRV Æ Properties Æ Monitoring.
Event Viewer
Enable DNS Server Debug logging
DNS SRV Æ Properties Æ Debug logging

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CHAPTER 5 IMPLEMENTING WINS
(WINDOWS INTERNET NAME SERVICE)

Net bios Name

It is a computer name Microsoft OS user net bios service and requires compulsory computer name (net
bios name) or the system net bios name must be unique in the network A net bios name is of
maximum 15 characters. Net bios name are used for connecting the system in the network. Net bios
names are registered net bios names the enable users to locate comps that contains shared resources on
the network

C1 C2

If a user at C1 Wants to access to Machine C2 then he goes

Start Æ Run Æ \\C2 this command is located is called net bios query.

Net bios name resolution

1) NetBios name cache - It contains the net bios name that the local computer recently resolved and
the name resoulation result.
Nbtstat -c--- Command to check the cache list
Nbtstat –R---Command to clear the cache list

2) Netbios name server (wins server)

It maintains a data base of net bios name and IP addresses and responses to the client name
resolution request. In win 2003 net bios name server is win server.

3) Local broadcast
A net bios client can issue a broadcast on the local network for the ip address of the destination net
bios name

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 WINS server Netbios-------IP
name

Netbios name server

2 C2

3 BROADCAST C3
C1
1 Netbios cache
------ IP
------- ------

C4

When C1 needs to connect to C2 it will 1st check its netbios cache list, if not there then 2nd it will ask
wins server. If not there the 3rd it will broadcast

NetBIOS Node Types

B (Broadcast) - Node – 1
It uses only broadcast for name registration and resolution.

P (Peer-to-Peer) - Node – 4
It uses NetBIOS name server for name resolution. It do not use broadcast

M (Mixed) - Node – 2
It combines B node and P node and by default function as B node.

H (Hybrid) - Node – 8
It combines P node and B node and by default function as P node.

Changing Node type

My Computer\HEY.Local\Machine\System\current control set\services\netbt\prameter

Right Click Æ New Æ Dword value Æ Node type=1

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LMHOSTS File

LMHOST is static

ROUTER

A3 C3

A2 Lmhost File C2
10.0.0.1 A1
10.0.0.2 A2
10.0.0.3 A3
A1 C1
10.0.0.1 192.168.10.1

Path of LMHOST = windows\system32\drivers\etc\ lmhosts

WINS Overview

WINS Installation

Server Requirement
Windows 2003 Server
Static IP address
WINS Service installed

PATH: Click Start—Control Panel—Add/Remove Programs---Windows Components— Networking

Services---DNS

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NAME REGESTRATION

When you configure a computer as WINs client, the clients computer register its netbios name
and IP address by sending a name registration request directly to the primary WINs server. The client
when register to the WINs server,in its request it takes its netbios name and Ip address and also the
service which it is registering.

WINS server

WINS Client

Netbios name
IP address
Win server IP add
Service type

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The wins client by default is registered with 2 services ie file server and work station. On a wins client
if a new service is started the wins client automatically register the new service entry on the wins
server

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REGESTRATION RENEWAL
The default renewal interval for entries in the wins data base is 6 days. Renewal occurs every 3 days
because the registration renewal is of 50%

NAME QUERY
A wins client can use the netbios name of another wins client to obtain the IP add of that client from
the Wins server 1st it sends the query to the primary wins server, if it doesn’t respond it will query to
the secondary wins server if available, even if secondary does not response, the client will the
broadcast. A wins client can add up to 12 wins server

NAME RELEASE
When you shout down the wins client properly, by using the OS shut down sequence or by stopping a
network service ,the client send sends the name release request directly to the wins server for each
requested name.

Supporting Non WIN Client

DNS & WINS inter operability
DNS client

DNS server 4 1 comp1.MCSE.com?

2 3 WINS Server
ZONE
Comp1 IP address DATA BASE
is not available Comp1 10.0.0.2

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Using Static Mapping

ROUTER

WINS client WINS server

WINS DATEBASE
WINS client WINS client
Linux123 IP

Linux123 WINS client

Static mapping is a manual Entry in the WINS data base that the net bios name to IP address. Static
mapping mainly done for non Microsoft OS.
WINS Æ comp1 Æ Active Registration Æ New Map static Æ Specify computer name, Net bios
Scope optional ÆType(Unique simple) Æspecify IP address……

USING WINS PROXY

ROUTER
WINS database
WINS PROXY
Linux123 IP

WINS client WINS server

WINS client WINS client

comp1
LINUX 123 WINS client
(ping linux 123 it can ping)

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Wins proxy is a computer to forward broadcast name resolution request to the win server for name
resolution. Enable win proxy by using regedit.

My Computer\HEY.Local\Machine\System\current control set\services\netbt\prameter

Right Click Æ New Æ Dward value Æ Enable Proxy Double Click (O means off & 1 means on)
Ipconfig/all check

Check from status wins client.

WINS Replication
ROUTER

WINS Server WINS server

WINS client WINS client

WINS client WINS client

Replication Partner

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 1) Pull partners - Request replica of database entry at specify interval it limits the frequently of
replication traffic but may cause less data synchronization.
2) Push Partners - It notified replication partner when changes exceed specify threshold (No of
changes). It maintain synchronization but may increase traffic.
3) Push/Pull Partner - It is configure as both push partner and pull partner. It ensure
synchronization regard ness no of changes.

Maintaining WINS Database

WINS display all records in the database and organized the information into a following column.
1) Record name Æ The register net bios name a following columns.
2) Type Æ The service that register the entry it includes the hexadecimal type ID.
3) IP address Æ IP address of the register WINS client.
4) State Æ The state of the database entry. It can be active, Release or Tombstone.
5) Static Æ Indicated whether the mapping is static.
6) Owner Æ The wins server from which the entry originated.
7) Version Æ A unique hexadecimal no. assign by the wins server
8) Expiration Æ It shows the entry which expire.

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Deleting WINS Record

When you delete a wins record there are two methods.

1) Delete the record from this server this option remove the records from the database and wins
server that the database and wins server that you are configure.
2) Replicate deletion of records of other server (Tombstone) Remove the records from database
server that you are configure and also delete the records from other server.

Compacting WINS Database

1) Stop the wins
2) Jetpack win.mdb temp.mdb
3) Start the wins service
Path windows\system32\wins\wins.mdb

Backing Up WINS
Right Click win server Æ Backup database

Notes

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 CHAPTER 6 IMPLEMENTING ROUTING AND REMOTE
ACCESS SERVICE

Introduction

Remote access connections are between computers located in remote distance.

RAS user used different types of protocol & media

Connection Type

1) Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN): - PSTN uses analog telephone line and modems. It
is a cheapest remote access connection and not reliable.
2) Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN): - ISDN is uses digital telephone connection &
modems. ISDN is expensive than PSTN. ISDN are reliable than PSTN.
3) Virtual Private Network (VPN): -

ISP
INTERNET
LAN
ISP NETWORK

VPN client

VPN allows connection between LAN through Internet,the client has to intstall VPN & became
VPN client.

4) Null Modem Cable OR Serial communication between two computer

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Installing/Configuring RAS Server

RAS CLIENT RRAS SRV DC

Client Server
To make RAS Server
1) Install Modem
2) Configure & Enable R RAS
Æ Dial up (Remote Access)
Æ IP Assignment
Automatically (DHCP)
Specify Range (R RAS Server)
Æ No Radius
Æ Finish

Installing/Configuring RAS Client

1) Install
2) Make new Dial Up Connection

User must be in Dial in permission.

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75
The user must be given dial-in permission to access the RRAS Server this is done from DC-
active directory users and computer-user properties-dial-in

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77
RRAS Components

1) Remote Access Client – It display the connected RAS client connected user name, time
interval and port used from this option you can check status, send message and disconnect the
RAS client.
2) RAS Ports

1------------Modem
10 ----------VPN Ports (PPTP—5) (L2TP--- 5)
By default the modem on RRAS server is configured only for in board connection if you want dial
through RRAS server to another RRAS server for select in board & outbound connection
RRAS server Æ Ports Æ Properties Æ select Port Æ Click configuration

Data Transport Protocol

1) LAN Protocol
A) TCP/IP
B) IPX/SPX
C) Apple talk

2) RAS Protocol
a) Point to Point Protocol(PPP): - PPP enable the remote Access point & server to operate
together in multi vender company it is default protocol or most commonly use protocol in
remote access.
b) Serial LAN Internet Protocol (SLIP): - SLIP is most commonly used telnet (Unix based)
Microsoft Windows 2000 & 2003 supports only slip client they do not support SLIP server.

3) VPN Protocol: -
a) PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol)
b) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) more secure.

Multi Link Connections

Multi link allows users to combine analog & ISDN path. Multi link enable your computer use to one
or more communication port with bandwidth R RAS users PPP multi link protocol windows 2003 also
support BAP bandwidth allocations protocol for dynamic multi link.

78
Diagram

MODEM MODEM

MODEM MODEM

Authentication Protocol

There are five standard Authentication Protocol.

1) MS—CHAP V2 (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol version
2) MS—CHAP (Microsoft Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).
3) CHAP (Challenge Hand Shake Authentication Protocol).
4) SPAP (Shiva Password Authentication Protocol).
5) PAP (Password Authentication Protocol).

Protocol Security Used Where OR Description

MS-CHAP V2 High When you have dial up clients
running win2000/2003 or
VPN clients running NT 4.0 &
win98
MS-CHAP High When you are running NT 4.0
and later win98.
CHAP High When you have client which is
not running on Microsoft.
SPAP Medium When connecting SHIVA
LAN Rorer and win2000/2003
client base R RAS server.
PAP Low Clients server can not
negotiate using more
validation user name &
password is sends clear text.

Authentication protocol must be same on RRAS Server and client.

RRAS Server—Properties—Security—Authentication Protocol.

RRAS Client—Dial-up connection Properties—Security—Advance Settings.

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Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP): - Supports customize authentication to RAS server by
using protocol

1) MD5- CHAP (Message Digest 5 Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol)

2) TLS (Transport layer Security )
3) Smart Card.

CONFIGURE RRAS TO ACCESS DHCP

If the DHCP server is available RRAS obtains 10 IP address at a time. If DHCP server is in
available RRAS uses APIPA.

RAS RRAS DHCP DC

IP REQ
Client

10 IP REC.

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81
Remote Access Policies

Windows 2003 stores remote access policies on the RRAS server and not on the ADS server.

Components of Remote Access Policies

1) Conditions
Is between 8 A.M to 5 P.M.
Is from Monday to Friday
Is from any user in Sales Group

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 2) Policies
90 min. connection time.
10 min. idle time.
It requires encryption

3) Dial-in user permission

Monitor RRAS

You can monitor RRAS service from

1) Event viewer
2) Modem logging Æ PATH Æ control panel Æ phone and modems Æ modem Æ properties Æ
diagnostics ..click on record a log ( this will make a file where the function of the modems will
be recorded)
Where as in XPthere will be an option click on append a log (it will do the same but wont
overwrite the file it will make new files every time the modem is used).

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USING IAS (Internet Authentication Service)

Radius - Remote Access Dial In User Service

It is an industry standard protocol. That provides the solution to authentication and remote user
accounting. In windows 2003 the combination of RRAS and IAS provide support for Radius

Introduction to IAS
IAS performs centralized authentication, authorization, auditing and accounting of connections for dial
up and VPN connection

IAS WIN2003
DC

RRAS RRAS

Radius Radius
Client Client

Internet

Dial-in Dial-in
client client

VPN Client

84
Installing IAS
Path:- Control Panel Æ add remove Æ windows components Æ network services Æ IAS Æ ok Æ
Finish.

Configure IAS

First register the IAS server on the domain.

Path – IAS Æ right clickÆ register server and active directory Æ ok
Confirm the IAS server computer a/c is the member of the RAS and IAS server group in the DC. IAS
server act as a Radius server.

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86
Add Radius client on IAS server

Path:- program Æ administrative tool Æ IAS server Æ radius client Æ new Radius clientÆ specify
friendly nameÆIP address of Radius client Æ select client vender Microsoft (radius standard) specify
a shared secret password.

Configure RRAS to use IAS

Path: RRAS server—properties—security.

Configure authentication and accounting provider as RADIUS and configure RADIUS server i.e.
RADIUS server IP, shared secret password.

* Note- After configuring RRAS to use IAS Remote access policy and logging is disable on
RRAS sever.

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88
Configure Remote access policies from IAS Server

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 Notes

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 CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURE WINDOWS 2003 AS A ROUTER

There are 2 types of routers Chapter 7 Configure Windows 2003 as a Router

1) Logical Router Æ NT/ 2000/ 2003/ linux

2) Physical RouterÆ hardware client (cicso,novel,3comp)

Routers allows communication between 2 different network or 2 machine. 1 is A class, 1 is B

class. 2 different machines with same class but 2 different network no.. Router basic components
Router contains routing table which stores information of the network

ROUTER

10.10.10.1 176.142.10.1

ROUTER

200.100.100.0 192.168.10.1

Router is mainly used to connect two different networks.

Logical Router ROUTER

ISP

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Physical Router

ISP ROUTER

Router forwards ip packets between different networks. Router contains routing table, it use the
information in the routing table to forward ip packets.

WIN 2003 SRV

2 NIC
172.16.0.1
10.0.0.1

ROUTING TABLE

172.16.0.0
10.0.0.0

IP-10.0.0.0 IP-172.16.0.0
DG-10.0.0.1 DG-172.16.0.1

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Default entries in Routing Table

0.0.0.0 - Default route

127.0.0.0 - Loop back

224.0.0.0 - Multicast

255.255.255.255 – Broadcast

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Types of Routing

1) Static Routing
2) Dynamic Routing
.
Router use routing protocol to exchange information between routers to propagate network address
and connection information. The 2 most common routing protocols are

1) RIP Routing Information Protocol

For small to medium inter networks
Uses a routing table
Easier to configure and manage
Does not scale well
Support 15 router

2) OSPF Open Shortest Path First

For large heterogeneous inter network
Uses a line state data base
Complex to configure and manage
Operates efficiently in large network
Supports unlimited router

PATH
Making a Router
ProgramsÆ administrative tool Æ routing and routing access Æ (right click computer) Æ configure
and enable routing and remote access Æ custom configuration Æ LAN routing Æ finish Æ yes.

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96
Static Routing (Manual)

R1 R2

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1 192.168.22.1

172.16.0.0 10.0.0.0 192.168.22.0

Route Add--Destination Net ID—Mask—Interface

R1— Route Add 192.168.22.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1
R2— Route Add 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.2

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98
Dynamic Routing

Routing Protocol
R1 R2

10.0.0.1 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 192.168.22.1

10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 192.168.22.0

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Configure the router

After the above, go to local computer Æ IP routing Æ general Æ local area connection Æ properties
Æ configuration Æ give IP Æ advance Æ add Æ IP addÆ ok
On client specify router address right click local area connection and give default gateway.

Configure Internet Access for a Network

1. By using Router
a) Router optimizes network performance
b) It enables all user in the network to share a single connection to the internet.

2. By using firewall
Firewall prevents unauthorized access to your network. It enables you to specify the type of traffic
that is allowed into and out of your network.

3. Connecting to internet by using NATing ( Network Address Transalation)

NATing hides the internal IP address of the computer & gives a request to the internet by its
own IP address. By NAT the Internet gets the request from royter server & not the internal
computer.

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NATING
External IP
WIN 2003 ROUTER 131.105.70.2

Internal IP
192.168.22.1
Internet
192.168.22.0

131.105.70.2:1099
Yahoo.com:80

yahoo.com

IP-192.168.22.4:1066
yahoo.com:80

1. The client sends the Packet to the computer running NAT.

2. The computer running NAT changes the packet header & sends the packet over the internet to
the Web server.
3. The Web server sendes yhe reply to the computer running NAT .
4. The computer running NAT determines the destination, changes the packet header & sendes
the packet to the client.

4. USING ICS ( INTERNET CONNECTION SHARING)

1. It is for small companies.
2. It does not caching..
ISP
Enable ICS
Public IP

Private IP: 192.168.0.1

IP: 192.168.0.2 IP: 192.168.0.3 IP: 192.168.0.3 IP: 192.168.0.4

DG: 192.168.0.1 DG: 192.168.0.1 DG: 192.168.0.1 DG: 192.168.0.1

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Using Remote Installation Service

RIS was first introduced in windows 2000, it supports installation of client OS through the network.

ADS DNS DHCP Image/XP RIS

PC
PXE-ROM

Requirements of RIS
1) ADS Server (DC)
2) DNS Server
3) DHCP Server
4) Windows 2003 server computer running RIS service with client operating system image.

Installing RIS
Network Adapter with PXE Boot ROM
Network Adapter which support PXE requires
CD of the client OS
Minimum 2GB NTFS partition
Start—settings—control panel—add/remove program—windows component—RIS service.

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After installing RIS restart the system and configure RIS service

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104
105
106
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Configure RIS service
1) Command – rissetup
2) Remote installation folder location
3) Initial settings
4) Installation source files location
5) Windows installation image folder

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CHAPTER 8 MANAGING WINDOWS 2003 NETWORK

Windows 2003 provides two methods for administrating the network.

1) Remote desktop
It is a built-in option in windows 2003 and XP. Mainly used by Administrators. It allows only
two connections do not require license.

Path
Right click my computerÆPropertiesÆRemoteÆEnable Remote desktop.

2) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

It is a industry standard management protocol, use to manage network Servers, Workstation,

bridge, Switch, Routers.
SNMP Requires (SMS) System Management Service Software for installation.
SNMP agent & management system belongs to a group called communities which are identify
by names.
Only agents & manager that are member of the same community can communicate with each
other (by default the community name is public).

SNMP SERVICE (Status Info)

SWITCH ROUTER

Management System

Trap Message Get Information

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111
SNMP Agent

It is a computer or a network device running SNMP client service which sends information to SNMP
server as Trap Message.

By default windows 2003 server contains only SNMP client. To install SNMP server you must use
Microsoft SMS (System Management Service) server.

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Community Name
SNMP server and client work under a common community name. By default the SNMP community
name is public.

ROUTER

Agent-1 Agent-3
CN=CN=2 CN=CN1

Agent-2 Agent-4
CN=CN=1 CN=CN2

Manager-1 Manager-2
CN=CN1 CN=CN2
Agent-2, Agent-3 Agent-1, Agent-4

Installing SNMP Client

Path
Control panelÆAdd remove programsÆ Add remove windows
ComponentsÆManagement & monitoring tools ÆSimple Network Management
ProtocolÆOk.

Agent type services

1) Physical—Repeater, Active Hub
2) Application—Host running TCP/IP application.
3) Data link and Subnet—Switch / Bridge
4) Internet—Router
5) End to End—Host with TCP/IP

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 CHAPTER 9 TROUBLESHOOTING NETWORK PROBLEMS

Identify Network Problems

Hardware/ Software
Help
Help and Support
Net HelpMsg.
e.g. 67 error no.

Text commands
1. Net help Msg error no.
2. Net send IP massage
3. Net view.
4. Net share.
5. Net start service name
6. Net stop service name
7. Net user NAME Password /add
8. Net statistics server
9. Net statistics workstation

Verifying TCP/IP

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 1. IPconfigÆIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway.
2. IPconfigÆIP, Subnet Mask, default Gateway, DNS IP, WINS IP, MAC Address.
3. IPconfig/Flush DNS ÆPurge DNS Cache.
4. IPconfig/Release ÆIt release IP Address given by DHCP.
5. IPconfig/Renew ÆIt renew IP Address given by DHCP

TESTING IP CONFIGURATION
PING 127.0.0.1 ----------ÆLoopback
PING 192.168.22.2 ----------ÆPing self
PING 192.168.22.1 ----------ÆDC
PING 10.0.0.2 ----------ÆRemote host.
If problem in network use above commands.

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TESTING IP TO MAC

ARP –A ------------------ÆIP to MAC Address information.

ARP –D ------------------ÆDelete the ARP Cache.
ARP entries are deleted in three situations
1. 120 seconds are over.
2. arp –d
3. When you restart the computer.

ARP –S IP MAC Address ---ÆAdding static entries.

Static entries are not deleted after 120 seconds. But only when you give ARP –D or restart the
computer.

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TESTING NAME RESOLUTION

NBTSTAT –C --------------------ÆView Netbios cache.

NBTSTAT –R --------------------ÆPurge/Deleting entries.

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