Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FIBRA ÓPTICA
Allison Bastos
César Henrique de Oliveira Pereira
Eduardo Assis Rocha
Jacqueline dos Santos Marques Freitas
João Paulo Alves dos Santos
Luiz Carlos Campos
UNIBH
Belo Horizonte
2004
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ÍNDICE
Pagina
1.0 Introdução 5
2.0 História 6
2.1 História da Fibra Óptica Mundial 6
2.2 História da Fibra Óptica no Brasil 11
3.0 Regulamentação 13
3.1 Normas Técnicas 13
3.1.1 Normas para Cabeamento Estruturados 13
Fibra Óptica
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7.0 Atenuação 47
7.1 Absorção 48
7.1.1 Absorção material 48
7.1.2 Absorção do íon OH¯ 49
7.1.3 Absorção Mecânica 49
7.2 Espalhamento 51
7.3 Propriedades das Fibras Óticas 52
7.3.1 Imunidade a Interferências 52
7.3.2 Ausência de diafonia 52
7.3.3 Isolação elétrica 53
7.4 Dispersão 53
7.4.1 Dispersão Modal 53
7.4.2 Disperção Cromática 54
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9.0 Desvantagens 62
9.1 Fragilidade das fibras ópticas sem 62
encapsulamentos
9.2 Dificuldade de conexão das fibras ópticas 62
9.3 Acopladores tipo T com perdas muito altas 62
9.4 Impossibilidade de alimentação remota de 62
repetidores
9.5 Falta de padronização dos componentes 63
ópticos
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11.0 Atualidades 75
11.1 Mercado Brasileiro 75
11.2 Aplicações futuras 76
12.0 Conclusão 79
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1.0 Introdução
5
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2.0 História
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3.0 Regulamentação
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Para ter uma idéia dos dois fenômenos imagine uma pessoa à
beira de um lago de águas calmas e límpidas. Se ela olhar
próximo a seus pés possivelmente verá os peixes e a
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6.1.1 Limpeza
6.1.2 Decapagem
6.1.3 Clivagem
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1. Limpeza
2. Decapagem
3. Clivagem
4. Inserção do protetor de emenda, “Tubete Termo
Contrátil”;
5. Colocação das fibras no dispositivo V Groove da
máquina de fusão;
6. Aproximação das fibras até cerca de 1µm;
7. Fusão através de arco voltaico;
8. Colocação do protetor e aquecimento.
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1. Limpeza
2. Decapagem
3. Clivagem
4. Inserção de cada extremidade da fibra em uma
extremidade do conector
5. Verificação da correta posição das fibras
6. Fechamento do conector
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6.6.2 Conectores
7.0 Atenuação
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7.1 Absorção
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7.2 Espalhamento
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7.4 Dispersão
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9.0 Desvantagens
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10.1.1 Sensores
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10.9 Comunicações
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11.0 Atualidades
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12.0 Conclusão
Pelo que aqui foi exposto, podemos ver que a utilização das
Fibras Ópticas é e será cada vez maior. Além de
apresentarem uma ótima relação Custo/Benefício, não existem
outros meios de transmissão com parâmetros como: Atenuação,
Velocidade de Propagação, Capacidade de Transmissão e,
Custos, tão bons quanto aos apresentados pelas Fibras
Ópticas.
Alem da facilidade de instalação, há uma ampla variedade de
Cabos de Fibra Óptica, para as mais diversas aplicações e,
estão também disponíveis, vários Sistemas de Transmissão
Ópticos, por um número muito grande de fabricantes.
Some se a isto, o fato que tanto as Fibras Ópticas, quanto
os Sistemas de Transmissão Ópticos, estão em contínua
evolução e aperfeiçoamento, permitindo hoje a implementação
de Redes totalmente Ópticas, superando todas as demais, até
hoje existentes.
A fibra óptica tem como vantagens indiscutíveis, a alta
velocidade ao navegar pela internet, assim como a imunidade
a ruído e interferência, dimensões e peso reduzidos e a
compatibilidade com a tecnologia digital.
As fibras também possuem suas desvantagens é acessível
somente a cidades cujas zonas possuem instalação, seu custo
elevado, sua fragilidade, sua dificuldade de reparação de
rompimento de fibras em campo, equipamentos de alto custo.
Atualmente vem se modernizando muitas as características da
Fibra óptica, enquanto sua cobertura fica mais resistente,
existe maior proteção contra imunidade o que significa um
uma evolução no uso da fibra, a serviço do progresso que
tecnológico em que vivemos no mundo atual.
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