ALICIA LICELLE C.

BATUCAN BSN-4A

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS

A. Ethics refers to well-based standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans must
do,usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits tosociety, fairness, or specific virtues.

B. Morality (from theLatin moralities "manner, character, proper behavior") is asense of

behavioral conduct that differentiates intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are
good (or right) and bad (or wrong). A moral code is a system of morality (for example, according
to a particularphi losophy,reli gi on,culture, etc.) and a moral is any one practice or teaching
within a moral code. Immorality is the active opposition to morality, while amorality is variously
defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any set of moral standards or
principles.

C. Nursing ethics is an expression of how nurses ought to conduct themselves. Refers to ethical
standards that govern and guide nurses in everyday practice.

D. Bioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies broughtabout by advances in

biology and medicine. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the
relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, philosophy, and
theology.

E. Normative ethics examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions.

F. Professional adjustment growth of the individual and development of hiscapacities-

physical,mental, emotional, social and spiritual.

G. The word jurisprudence is derived from the latin word "JURISPRUDENTIA" which
means knowledge of law or skill in the law.jurisprudence is a study of the fundamfntal
legal principles.it may be described as any thought or writing about law.it is a procedure
or a concept to understand the essential principles of law and legal system.

H. When defining health ethics, it is the decisions that people make that relate to the health issues
of people all around the world. Health ethics came about for the dignity and human rights that
need to be given to everyone. When asking the question, "what is the meaning of health
ethics?", you have to think of terms such as privacy, decency, rights, and equity. Health Ethics
has evolved in the health care industry to not being just an individual aspect but to a much
larger spectrum of taking care of the well-being of the general public as a whole.

2. VALUES IN NURSING

Human dignity

The term "dignity" is defined as "the state of being worthy of honor or respect" (The Oxford Encyclopedic
English Dictionary, 1991). When this concept is associated with the adjective "human", it is used to signify that
all human beings possess inherent worth and deserve unconditional respect, regardless of age, sex, health
status, social or ethnic origin, political ideas, religion, or criminal history. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia,
2008). In nursing you are taught to treat all patients with dignity, you are to treat each person as equal and
not refuse care to anyone regardless of their past or other factors. You treat each patient as you would treat
your own loved ones if you were to care for them.
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Integrity

Integrity is the basing of one's actions on an internally consistent framework of principles. (Wikipedia The Free
Encyclopedia, 2008). Nurses have set values of integrity they work together as a whole with others to benefit
everyone involved. Nurses also behave honestly, fairly, and ethically are truthful. They are truthful,
trustworthy, and fair in all efforts, while holding themselves to the highest standards of professional and ethical
conduct. Nurses provide an environment of openness; they are honest in their approach to one another and
those they serve.

Autonomy
Autonomy (Greek: Auto-Nomos - nomos meaning "law": one who gives oneself his/her own law) is the right to
self-government. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2008). Autonomy in nursing gives the patients a right to
informed consent. The patient is given the facts and consequences to their health choices and has the right to
choose to go through the procedure or not, unless that person is declared incompetent and then a medical
power of attorney or health care surrogate is appointed to them to make decisions.

Altruism
Altruism is selfless concern for the welfare of others. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2008). Everyday
nurses put their own lives in danger to care for patients in their time of sickness or death. Nurses are ethically
required to take care of patients sometime risking their own safety and health. Whether it be a putting
themselves in the way of a physically aggressive patient to protect the other patients or staff, or entering a
room to care for a patient with HIV, TB, MRSA or other contagious diseases. Nurses must put the welfare of
their patients first.

Social Justice

Social justice refers to the concept of a society in which justice is achieved in every aspect of society, rather
than merely the administration of law. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2008). Nurses are required to uphold
freedom of choice in their patients' care, while upholding their dignity.

3.  Virtues in Nursing 

Honesty

Honesty refers to a facet of moral character and denotes positive , virtuous attributes s uch as integrity,
truthfulness, and straight forwardness along with the absence of lying, cheating,or theft.the quality or fact of
being honest; uprightness and fairness truthfulness, sincerity, or frankness.

Courage

Bravery, fortitude, will, and intrepidity, is the ability to confront fear, pain,risk/danger, uncertainty,or
intimidation. "Physical courage" is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, death, or threat of death,
while "moral courage" is the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, or
discouragement.

Passion

Passion (from Latin verb patior meaning to suffer or to endure) is an emotion applied to a very strong feeling about a

person or thing. Passion is an intense emotion compelling feeling, enthusiasm, or desire for something. The term is also
often applied to a lively or eager interest in or admiration for a proposal, cause, or activity or love. Passion can be
expressed as a feeling of unusual excitement, enthusiasm or compelling emotion towards a subject, idea, person, or
object. A person is said to have a passion for something when he has a strong positive affinity for it. A love for something
and a passion for something are often used synonymously.
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Fidelity

Fidelity is the quality of being faithful or loyal. Its original meaning regarded duty to a Lord, in a broader sense
than the related concept of fealty. Both derive from the Latin word fidēlis (A III adjective), meaning "faithful or
loyal"

Prudence

Prudence is the characteristic of exercising sound judgement in practical affairs. It is classically considered to
be a virtue, and in particular one of the four Cardinal Virtues (which are, with the three theological virtues part
of the seven virtues).

The word comes from Old French prudence (13th century), from Latin prudentia (foresight, sagacity), a
contraction of providentia, foresight. It is often associated with wisdom, and knowledge. In this case, the
virtue is the ability to judge between virtuous and vicious actions, not only in a general sense, but with regard
to appropriate actions at a given time and place. Although prudence itself does not perform any actions, and is
concerned solely with knowledge, all virtues had to be regulated by it. 

Respect

Respect can be a specific feeling of regard for the actual qualities of the one respected (e.g., "I have great
respect for her judgment"). It can also be conduct in accord with specific ethic of respect. Rude conduct is
usually considered to indicate a lack of respect, disrespect, where as actions that honor somebody or
something indicates respect.

Compassion

Compassion (from Latin: "co-suffering") is a virtue —one in which the emotional capacities of empathy and
sympathy (for the suffering of others) are regarded as a part of love itself, and a cornerstone of greater social
interconnectedness and humanism —foundational to the highest principles in philosophy, society, and
personhood.

There is an aspect of compassion which regards a quantitative dimension, such that individual's compassion is
often given a property of "depth," "vigour," or "passion." 

Integrity

Is a concept of consistency of actions, values, methods, measures, principles, expectations and outcomes. In
ethics, integrity is regarded as the quality of having an intuitive sense of honesty and truthfulness in regard to
the motivations for one's actions. Integrity can be regarded as the opposite of hypocrisy, in that it regards
internal consistency as a virtue, and suggests that parties holding apparently conflicting values should account
for the discrepancy or alter their beliefs.