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Genetic algorithm
2-by taking a population of possible answers and evaluating them against the best
possible solution ,the fittest individual of the populations are determined.
4-this new generations is then evaluated and the process is repeated until an
optimal solution is found .
4-simulations
A Patch antenna is generally flat or has very little thickness. It has a directional
characteristic and tends to radiate (or receive) best in the direction normal to the
flat surface .Generally patch antenna is used when we want to hide the antenna.
Depending on the size, they can have a varying amount of gain because of their
directional nature, they are most effective in a fixed in stallions, though a low gain
patch pointed up many suffice in very strong signal areas.
Patch antennas are used in many communications systems as they are compact,
have low profile and their manufacturing cost are reduced by using printed circuit
technology. The main disadvantage of these types of antennas is that they have
narrow bandwidth so that they can be used in a variety of communications system.
The alternative approach to increasing the bandwidth is to design the antenna so
that it can operate in different bands or at least in dual mode with different
polarizations so that the same unit can be used in different systems.
A single probe fed dual frequency rectangular patch antenna is designed using GA
to determine the optimum dimension of the patch and the position of the probe
feed to produce a matching at the two frequency.
The range for the width and length of the patch must be such that each dimension
of the patch radiates only the required frequency.
Due to the inherent symmetry of the patch there are four possible positions for the
probe feed to obtain simultaneous matching at both frequencies