Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 1

This print-out should have 16 questions. dI

the emf induced by the inductor is −L .
Multiple-choice questions may continue on dt
the next column or page – find all choices Summing the potential differences around the
before making your selection. The due time is loop gives
Central time. dI
E −IR−L − q/C = 0 .
dt
001 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
At some time after the switch S is closed,
there is a current I flowing through the resis- 002 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
tor and inductor which is increasing in time
dI
> 0 (see the figure below). At this time
dt 4.18 MΩ 5.48 mH
there is an amount of charge of magnitude q
on each plate of the capacitor.
18 V 7.07 µF
S

R I L

E C In the circuit shown above, what is the

S charge on the capacitor after the switch has
been closed for a long time?
Correct answer: 0.00012726 C.
Explanation:
Which of the following equations is correct?

1. none of these Let : E = 18 V ,

R = 4.18 MΩ ,
dI q
2. E + I R − L − =0 L = 5.48 mH , and
dt C
dI q C = 7.07 µF .
3. E − I R − L − = 0 correct
dt C After a long time t the capacitor will reach
dI q its maximum charge qmax . When this occurs
4. E − I R + L − =0
dt C the current will drop to zero. Setting I = 0 in
dI q the loop equation from Part 1 gives
5. E + I R − L + =0
dt C qmax
dI q E− = 0,
6. E − I R − L + =0 C
dt C or
dI q
7. E + I R + L − =0 qmax = C E
dt C
dI q = (7.07 µF) (1 × 10−6 F/µF) (18 V)
8. E + I R + L + =0
dt C = 0.00012726 C ,
dI q
9. E − I R + L + =0
dt C
003 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Explanation: Assume: The induced emf for the closed
Apply Kirchoff’s loop rule to the above cir- loop octagonal CXDY C is E.
dI A solenoid (with magnetic field B) pro-
cuit. Here we are told that > 0; therefore duces a steadily increasing uniform magnetic
dt
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 2

flux through its circular cross section. A AL

Since = 4, we can solve for AL and AR in
octagonal circuit surrounds the solenoid as AR
shown in the figure. The wires connecting terms of A.
in the circuit are ideal, having no resistance. 4A A
The circuit consists of two identical light bulbs AL = AR = .
5 5
(labeled X and Y ) in series. A wire connects
points C and D. The ratio of the solenoid’s Then we can compute the magnitude of the
area AL left of the wire CD and the solenoid’s induced emf around the right and left loops.
AL
area AR right of the wire CD is = 4. dB A dB 1
AR ER = A R = = E
i2 dt 5 dt 5
dB 4A dB 4
D EL = A L = = E.
i3 dt 5 dt 5

i1
The induced emf and the changing mag-
B B netic flux are related by
Y AL AR X dΦ dB
E =− = −A .
B B dt dt
Since the magnetic flux is increasing, the in-
duced emf is in the clockwise direction and the
C direction of the current is counter-clockwise,
as shown in the figure.
The equations for the (right) loop CXDC From Kirchoff’s laws, the loop equations for
and the (left) loop CDY C are respectively the right and left loops respectively are
given by
1
E 4E right loop : E + i1 R = 0 (1)
1. + i1 R = 0 and − i2 R = 0 . 5
5 5 4
left loop : E + i2 R = 0 (2)
4E E 5
2. + i1 R = 0 and + i2 R = 0 .
5 5
E 4E 004 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
3. − i1 R = 0 and − i2 R = 0 . In the figure shown, the north pole of the
5 5
4E E magnet is first moved down toward the loop
4. − i1 R = 0 and + i2 R = 0 . of wire, then is withdrawn upward.
5 5
4E E N
5. − i1 R = 0 and − i2 R = 0 .
5 5
E 4E Counter-
6. − i1 R = 0 and + i2 R = 0 . Clockwise
5 5 clockwise
E 4E
7. + i1 R = 0 and + i2 R = 0 . cor- As viewed from above, the induced current
5 5 in the loop is
rect
4E E 1. first clockwise, then counterclockwise.
8. + i1 R = 0 and − i2 R = 0 .
5 5
Explanation: 2. for both cases counterclockwise with de-
By definition, the areas of the left and right creasing magnitude.
loops are related by
3. first counterclockwise, then clockwise.
A = A L + AR . correct
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 3
~ is along the negative y-axis, E
2. B ~ is along
4. for both cases counterclockwise with in- the positive z-axis.
creasing magnitude.
~ is along the negative z-axis, E
3. B ~ is along
5. for both cases clockwise with decreasing the negative y-axis.
magnitude.
~ is along the negative y-axis, E
4. B ~ is along
6. for both cases clockwise with increasing the positive y-axis.
magnitude.
~ is along the positive z-axis, E
5. B ~ is along
Explanation: the positive y-axis.
From Ohm’s law and Faraday’s law, the
V 1 dΦ ~ is along the positive y-axis, E
6. B ~ is along
current in magnitude is I = = − ,
R R dt the negative z-axis.
where Φ is the magnetic flux through the loop.
We know the sign of the rate of change of the ~ is along the positive y-axis, E
~ is along
7. B
magnetic flux is changed when the magnet is
the positive z-axis.
withdrawn upward, which, according to the
equation the direction of the current is also ~ is along the negative y-axis, E
~ is along
8. B
changed.
the negative z-axis.
From Lenz’s law, we know when the magnet
is moved down toward the loop, the current ~ is along the negative z-axis, E
~ is along
9. B
in the loop is counterclockwise as viewed from
the positive z-axis.
above.
~ is along the negative z-axis, E
10. B ~ is along
005 (part 1 of 2) 10 points the positive y-axis. correct
To demonstrate the generation of electromag-
netic waves due to oscillations of a current
sheet in the yz-plane at x = 0, one first con-
siders the following situation. One turns on a
steady current flow along the negative y-axis
at t = 0.
y

0 x
p

z I
The point P is along the negative x-
direction. Let B ~ and E ~ be the magnetic
and electric field established at P soon after Explanation:
the switching on of the current, respectively.
The directions of B~ and E~ are Basic Concepts Electromagnetic waves.
Since the current on the sheet is flowing along
~ is along the positive z-axis, E
1. B ~ is along the negative y-axis, the magnetic field for neg-
the negative y-axis. ative values of x is directed along the negative
z-axis.
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 4

B A 2
4 Bmax A
4.
P 3 µ0
⇐
2
1 Bmax A
O 5.
3 µ0
2
C D 5 Bmax A
6. correct
6 µ0
y B2 A
7. max
E µ0
E B 2
2 Bmax A
8.
B 3 µ0
2
1 Bmax A
x 9.
P O 2 µ0
B2 A
10. 5 max
µ0
z Explanation:
About point P we may construct a rectan- The book absorbs one third of the light and
gular window ABCDA in the xy-plane. As reflects two thirds of it. The pressure on the
the “front” of the B-field sweeps across the book is then
window to the left, it causes a counterclock- 1 2 5
wise induced emf, which is generated by the P = u + 2 u = u.
3 3 3
induced emf at the right side of the window
from D to A. Since the side DA can be placed In the present context, the radiation force is
at any location between O and P , when the constant, so u is the average electromagnetic
B-field reaches P , there is a companion E- 2
energy density. Since u = Bmax /(2µ0 ), we
field stretched out from D to A. Notice that have
2
5 Bmax A
the electromagnetic wave is traveling along
~ has to be directed F = PA = .
the negative x-axis, so E 6 µ0
along the positive y-axis (so that E ~ ×B~ is
directed along the correct direction). 007 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A point light source delivers a time-averaged
006 (part 2 of 2) 10 points power P . It radiates light isotropically. A
Now consider the current sheet which under- piece of small flat surface is placed at D, which
goes the sinusoidal oscillations with a definite is a distance r away. This piece has a cross
frequency where the amplitude of the mag- 1
section Asurf . The surface reflects of the
netic field oscillations in the waves is Bmax . 4
Consider a book of area A located at P paral- 3
light and absorbs of the light. Assume the
lel to the yz plane. Find the radiation force on 4
light hitting the various parts of the surface is
the book, if it absorbs one third of the light.
perpendicular to them.
2
1.
1 Bmax A r
6 µ0 D
2
3 Bmax A Point
2.
5 µ0 source
2
5 Bmax A
3. The time-averaged energy density hitting
3 µ0 the surface is given by:
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 5

Which expression gives the magnitude

P B(r3 ) at D of the magnetic field in the re-
1. u =
Asurf gion b < r = r3 < a?
2. u = 4 π r 2 P µ0 i
1. B(r3 ) =
π r3
3. u = π r2 P
µ0 i (a2 − r32 )
P 2. B(r3 ) = correct
4. u = π r2 2 π r3 (a2 − b2 )
c µ0 i (r32 − b2 )
P 3. B(r3 ) =
5. u = 2 π r3 (a2 − b2 )
4 π r2
4. B(r3 ) = 0
6. u = Asurf P
µ0 i
P 5. B(r3 ) =
7. u = Asurf 2 π r3
c µ0 i r 3
P 6. B(r3 ) =
8. u = 4 π r 2 2 π a2
c µ0 i r 3
P 7. B(r3 ) =
9. u = 2 π b2
c Asurf µ0 i (a2 − b2 )
P 8. B(r3 ) =
10. u = correct 2 π r3 (r32 − b2 )
4 π c r2 µ0 i r 3
Explanation: 9. B(r3 ) =
2 π c2
Basic Concepts EM Wave
µ0 i (a2 + r32 − 2 b2 )
The time-averaged energy density at D is 10. B(r3 ) =
given by 2 π r3 (a2 − b2 )
I P Explanation:
u= = . Ampere’s Law states that the line inte-
c 4 π r2 c I
gral ~ dl
B. ~ around any closed path equals
008 (part 1 of 1) 10 points µ0 I, where I is the total steady current pass-
The figure below shows a coaxial cable of ing through any surface bounded by the closed
radii a, b, and c in which equal, uniformly path.
distributed, but antiparallel currents i exist Considering the symmetry of this problem,
in the two conductors. we choose a circular path, then Ampere’s
a Law is simplified to:
iout ¯ b
c B (2 π r1 ) = µ0 iin ,
where r1 is the radius of the circle and iin is
the current enclosed.
iin ⊗ For Part 1, b < r = r3 < a,
µ0 Iin
O B=
F 2 πµr ¶
E π (r2 − b2 )
µ0 i − i
r1 π (a2 − b2 )
D =
r2 µ 2 2 π r2 ¶
C r3 a −r
µ0 i
r4 a2 − b 2
=
2πr
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 6

µ0 i (a2 − r2 ) Mutual Inductance:

= .
2 π r (a2 − b2 )
N2 Φ21 N1 Φ12
M= =
I1 I2
009 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
A long solenoid has a coil inside of it made of dI
fine wire coaxial with it. E = −M
dt
d ΦB
r The emf is given by E = −N . The mag-
dt
netic flux is
R
I

ΦB = B · A = (µ0 n I) (π R2 ) ,

Inside coil has N turns so

Outside solenoid has n turns per meter dI
E = −π R2 µ0 n N .
Given a varying current I in the outer dt
solenoid, what is the emf induced in the inner We are interested in the emf in the inner coil.
loop? We use the area the smaller area of the inner
coil rather than the larger solenoid area.
dI
1. E = −π R µ0 n
dt 010 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
dI Given: Assume the bar and rails have neg-
2. E = −π R µ0 N
dt ligible resistance and friction.
dI In the arrangement shown in the figure,
3. E = −π r µ0 n N the resistor is 7 Ω and a 8 T magnetic field
dt
dI is directed into the paper. The separation
4. E = −π R2 µ0 n N correct between the rails is 4 m . Neglect the mass of
dt
the bar.
dI
5. E = −π r µ0 N An applied force moves the bar to the left
dt at a constant speed of 6 m/s .
dI
6. E = −π r µ0 n
dt
dI 8T
7. E = −π R2 µ0 n
dt
6 m/s
m¿1 g
dI
4m

7Ω

8. E = −π R µ0 n N
I

dt
d I
9. E = −π r 2 µ0 n
dt
8T
dI
10. E = −π r 2 µ0 n N
dt
Explanation: Calculate the applied force required to
Basic Concepts: Magnetic Field of a move the bar to the right at a constant speed
Solenoid: of 6 m/s.
B = µ0 nI Correct answer: 877.714 N.
Explanation:
Faraday’s Law:
Basic Concept: Motional emf
d ΦB
E =− E = B ` v.
dt
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 7

Magnetic force on current What is the magnitude of the magnetic field

at point P (at the center of the square loop)
~ = I ~` × B.
F ~
due to the current in only one of the sides of
Ohm’s Law the wire?

I=
V
. ~ = 2 µ0 I
1. kBk
R π`
Solution: The motional emf induced in the ~ = √ µ0 I
2. kBk
circuit is 2 2π`
√
~ = µ 0 I 2
E = B `v 3. kBk
` 3
= (8 T) (4 m) (6 m/s) √
= 192 V . ~ = µ0 I 2
4. kBk
3π`
√
From Ohm’s law, the current flowing through ~ = µ0 I 2
5. kBk
the resistor is π`
E ~ =õ0 I
I= 6. kBk
R 2`
192 V ~ = µ 0 I √
= 7. kBk 2 correct
7Ω 2π`
= 27.4286 A .
~ = µ0 I
8. kBk
Thus, the magnitude of the force exerted on 2`
√
the bar due to the magnetic field is ~ = µ0 I 2 2
9. kBk
π`
FB = I ` B
~ = 0I
10. kBk
µ
= (27.4286 A)(4 m)(8 T) 2π`
= 877.714 N .
Explanation:
To maintain the motion of the bar, a force Basic Concepts:
must be applied on the bar to balance the The Biot-Savart law is
magnetic force
F = FB µ0 I d~s × r̂
dB = .
= 877.714 N 4π r2

Solution: Consider a thin, straight wire

011 (part 1 of 2) 10 points carring a constant current I along the x-axis
A conductor in the shape of a square of edge with the y-axis pointing towards the center of
length ` carries a counter-clockwise current I the square, as in the following figure.
as shown in the figure below.
y
` P

r
a
P θ
r̂
I ds x
x O I
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 8

Let us calculate the total magnetic field at We can apply this result to this problem.
the point P located at a distance a from the For a segment of wire, as set up above, the
wire. An element d~s is at a distance r from magnetic field at a point P is
P . The direction of the field at P due to this
element is out of the paper, since d~s × r̂ is µ0 I
B= (cos θ1 − cos θ2 ) .
out of the paper. In fact, all elements give 4πa
a contribution directly out of the paper at
For a square wire loop consider the bottom
P . Therefore, we have only to determine the
segment. Using the above general formula for
magnitude of the field at P . In fact, taking
this case gives
the origin at O and letting P be along the
positive y axis, with k̂ being a unit vector µ ¶
µ0 I π 3π
pointing out of the paper, we see that Bone = µ ¶ cos − cos
` 4 4
4π
d~s × r̂ = k̂ |d~s × r̂| = k̂ (dx sin θ) . 2
Substituting into Biot-Savart law gives µ0 I √
~ = k̂ dB, with = 2 , where
dB 2π`
µ0 I dx sin θ B = 4 Bone
dB = . (1) 2 µ0 I √
4π r2 = 2,
π`
In order to integrate this expression, we must
relate the variables θ, x, and r. One approach since all four sides contribute and the direc-
is to express x and r in terms of θ. From the tion and magnitude of the field is the same for
geometry in the figure and some simple differ- each side.
entiation, we obtain the following relationship
a 012 (part 2 of 2) 10 points
r= = a csc θ . (2) What is the direction of the magnetic field
sin θ
b P at point P due to the downward current
B
a
Since tan θ = − from the right triangle in in the left-hand side of the square wire?
x
the figure,
b is zero.
1. B
x = −a cot θ and
dx = a csc2 θ dθ . (3) b is up the page.
2. B
Substituting Eqs. 2 and 3 into Eq. 1 gives b is to the left.
3. B
µ0 I a csc2 θ sin θ dθ
dB = b is out of the page. correct
4. B
4π a2 csc2 θ
µ0 I
= sin θ dθ . (4) b is down the page.
5. B
4πa
Thus, we have reduced the expression to one b is to the right.
6. B
involving only the variable θ. We can now
obtain the total field at P by integrating Eq. b is into the page.
7. B
4 over all elements subtending angles ranging
from θ1 to θ2 as defined in the figure. This Explanation:
gives The direction of the magnetic field due to
Z a current element is determined by the cross
µ0 I θ2 product in the definition of the magnetic field
B= sin θ dθ
4 π a θ1 Z
µ0 I ~ µ0 I d~s × r̂
= (cos θ1 − cos θ2 ) . B= .
4πa 4π r2
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 9

For the present case the right hand rule gives I0

= cos2 (30◦ )
the direction of the magnetic field as out of 2
the page or out for short. 3 I0
=
8
013 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
An unpolarized light beam with intensity of
I0 passes through 2 polarizers shown in the
picture.
Unpolarized
light Polarizer
E0 Analyzer 014 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
θ Four long, parallel conductors carry equal cur-
E 0 cos θ
rents I = 6.27 A. An end view of the conduc-
Transmission Polarized tors is shown in the figure. Each side of the
axis lihgt square has length ` = 1.49 m.
Note: The current direction is out of the
If θ = 30◦ ,what is the beam intensity after page at points A and B (indicated by the
the second polarizer? dots) and into the page at points C and D
(indicated by the crosses).
5
1. I0
16
3 1.49 m
2. I0 correct A C
8 ×+6.27 A
−6.27 A
1
3. I0
16
1
4. I0 P
2
3
5. I0
16
5 −6.27 A ×+6.27 A
6. I0 B D
8
9
7. I0
16
1 Which of the diagrams shown above cor-
8. I0 rectly denotes the directions of the compo-
8
nents of the magnetic field from each conduc-
7
9. I0 tor at the point P ?
16 Note: BA,B means the magnetic field from
1 currents A and B, etc.
10. I0
4
Explanation: BB,C BA,D
The beam intensity after the first polarizer 1.
is
I0
I1 = correct
2
We use the formula for the intensity of the
transmitted (polarized) light. Thus the beam 2.
intensity after the second polarizer is
BB,C BA,D
I = I1 cos2 θ
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 10

BA BC posed on one another.

BB,C BA,D
3.

P
BB BD
015 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
4. Consider the following circuit.
BA,D BB,C After leaving the switch at the position “a”
for a long time, move the switch from “a”
BB BA to “b”. There will be the usual LC circuit
oscillations.
5.
L

C
BD BC S b

Explanation: a
E
The directions of the magnetic field due to R
each wire are given by the right hand rule,
where the thumb points in the direction of
the current and your fingers curl in the di- The maximum current will be given by
rection of the magnetic field’s circular path. r
Note that the magnetic field from each wire E C
1. Imax = .
circulates in a circle around that wire. See R L
r
the figure for the components from wires A E L
and B. Note: At the point P, you take the 2. Imax = .
R C
magnetic field direction tangent to the circle r
formed by magnetic field lines. L
3. Imax = E .
C
E √
A C 4. Imax = LC .
R
×6.27 A r
BB BA C
5. Imax = E . correct
L
r
1.49 m

1
6. Imax = E .
P LC
√
7. Imax = E L C .
× E
8. Imax = .
B D R
Explanation:
The figure above shows the magnetic field Basic Concepts: RCL circuit
contributions due to the currents in A and B
only. The figure below shows the results of 1 2 1 2 1
all four magnetic field contributions superim- L Imax = qmax = C E 2
2 2C 2
 Husain, Zeena – Exam 3 – Due: Apr 13 2004, 10:00 pm – Inst: Sonia Paban 11
r
C 5T
⇒ Imax = E. So at t = , q is negative, i is counter-
L 8
clockwise.

016 (part 2 of 2) 10 points

Consider the following statements:
A1. The current flow is counterclockwise.
A2. The current is zero.
A3. The current flow is clockwise.
B1. The charge on the left plate of C is
positive.
B2. The charge on the left plate of C is
zero.
B3. The charge on the left plate of C is
negative.
Let the time when the switch is moved from
a to b be at t = 0.
Which pair of choices below best describes
5
the situation at t = T , T is the period of
8
oscillations in LC circuit.

1. A2 and B2

2. A3 and B3

3. A2 and B3

4. A1 and B3 correct

5. A3 and B2

6. A1 and B2

7. A2 and B1

8. A3 and B1

9. A1 and B1
Explanation:
At t = 0 left plate of C has q = +qmax ,
i = 0.
T
At t = left plate of C has q = 0, i is
4
clockwise.
T
At t = left plate of C has q = −qmax ,
2
i = 0.
3T
At t = left plate of C has q = 0, i is
4
counterclockwise.