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672 N.E.2d 417' ""#

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SUBSEQUENT HISTORY:+,, -

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PRIOR HISTORY:  
343
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DISPOSITION:)*8 /8

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  Defendant appealed his convictions in the Martin Circuit Court (Indiana),
for burglary with a deadly weapon resulting in serious bodily injury and battery resulting in seriously
bodily injury. Defendant argued that the arrest warrant was improper, statements of an inmate were
improperly admitted, as was evidence of his post-Miranda silence, jury instructions were improper,
evidence was insufficient, and his double jeopardy rights were violated.


   Defendant broke into his estranged wife's house, beat her lover in the head with a board
until he was unconscious, amputated the lover's penis with a knife, and fed the severed penis to the dog.
After a jury trial, defendant was convicted of burglary with a deadly weapon resulting in serious bodily
injury and battery resulting in serious bodily injury. Defendant appealed, and the court affirmed, holding
that there was no reversible error. The arrest warrant was valid because evidence did not support the
assertion that the police swore falsely or demonstrated a reckless disregard for the truth. Post arrest
evidence was properly admitted, as was evidence provided by an inmate whom defendant spoke to in
jail. There was no insertion of an evidentiary harpoon or error because there were no direct comments on
defendant's post-Miranda silence. Defendant's suggested jury instructions were properly refused, and his
due process rights were not compromised by the refusal to give instructions on the state's failure to
preserve evidence. Evidence supported the conclusion that defendant's entry into his wife's home was
unauthorized. There was no double jeopardy violation by the two convictions.




 The court affirmed defendant's conviction for burglary with a deadly weapon resulting in
serious bodily injury and battery resulting in serious bodily injury.

=ORE TERMS:8  1)/* /9 9 / 8/  1 /9 

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Where the defendant makes a substantial showing that a probable cause affidavit was obtained with
false statements made knowingly and intentionally, or with reckless disregard for the truth, and that
 the allegedly false statement is necessary to the finding of probable cause, the sufficiency of the
affidavit must be evaluated with the false statements excised. If the remaining information in the
affidavit is insufficient to establish probable cause, the warrant is void, and the evidentiary fruits of
the warrant must be suppressed. The court on review must examine whether the record reveals such
inconsistencies between the information reported to the police and the allegations sworn in the
affidavit for probable cause, that the police demonstrated a reckless disregard of the truth in the
preparation of the affidavit. The good faith exception to the exclusionary rule will not save a
warrant where the magistrate who issued it was misled by information that the affiant knew was
false or would have known was false except for his reckless disregard of the truth.


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_ 
A criminal defendant's right to counsel is violated when the government intentionally creates a
situation likely to induce that defendant to make an incriminating statement in the absence of
counsel. However, there is no constitutional violation where a passive listener merely collects, but
does not induce, the incriminating statements. There is no constitutional violation where the police
simply ask an inmate to write down information about a particular case if he were to hear about it,
but there is no evidence that the inmate was induced or paid to collect the information.


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_ 
In general, the prosecution is not permitted to introduce evidence of a defendant's exercise of his
constitutional rights in order to impeach the defendant or invite the jury to infer the defendant's guilt
from the exercise of those rights. The improper use of the defendant's assertion of his constitutional
rights may be harmless if the reviewing court, after assessing the record as a whole to determine the
probable impact of the improper evidence on the jury, concludes beyond a reasonable doubt that the
error did not influence the verdict. Among the factors to be addressed in this analysis are 1) the use
to which the prosecution puts the post-Miranda silence; 2) who elected to pursue the line of
questioning; 3) the quantum of other evidence of guilt; 4) the intensity and frequency of the
reference; and 5) the availability to the trial judge of an opportunity to grant a motion for mistrial or
to give curative instructions.


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_ 
A mistrial is an extreme remedy warranted only when no other curative measure will rectify the
situation, and whether to grant a motion for a mistrial is a matter committed to the sound discretion
of the trial court. When determining whether a mistrial is warranted, the court on review must
consider whether the defendant was placed in a position of grave peril to which he should not have
been subjected. The gravity of the peril is determined by the probable persuasive effect on the jury's
decision. A timely and accurate admonition is presumed to cure any error in the admission of
evidence. The determination of whether to grant a mistrial is within the trial court's discretion; and
great deference is accorded the trial court on appeal, as it is in the best position to gauge the
circumstances and the probable impact on the jury.


$/8  6</0)/=/ =c)//=/0)
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_ 
An evidentiary harpoon is the placing of inadmissible evidence before the jury with the deliberate
purpose of prejudicing the jurors against the defendant. Thus, in order to obtain reversal, the
defendant must show that the prosecution acted deliberately to prejudice the jury, and the evidence
 was inadmissible. In order to obtain reversal, the defendant need not show that an evidentiary
harpoon injured him to the extent that he would not have been found guilty but for the harpooning.
The defendant need only show that he was placed in a position of grave peril to which he should not
have been subjected.


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_ 
When reviewing the refusal of a tendered jury instruction, the court on review must determine
whether the tendered instruction correctly states the law, whether there was evidence in the record
to support the giving of the instruction, and whether the substance of the tendered instruction is
covered by other instructions. Before a defendant is entitled to reversal, he must affirmatively show
that there was error prejudicial to his substantial rights. The giving or refusing of jury instructions is
a matter largely entrusted to the sound discretion of the trial court.


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The failure to preserve potentially useful evidence may constitute a denial of due process and
require reversal where the criminal defendant can show bad faith on the part of the police. Indiana
courts have long required a showing of bad faith on the part of the police in evaluating whether the
failure to preserve evidence constitutes a denial of due process.


$/8  6</0)/=$/8 =/
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A person who breaks and enters the building or structure of another person, with intent to commit a
felony in it, commits burglary. $CD2D% .


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When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, the court neither reweighs the evidence nor judges
the credibility of witnesses. Rather, the court examines only the evidence most favorable to the
judgment, along with all reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, and if there is substantial
evidence of probative value to support the conviction, it will not be set aside. It is for the fact-finder
to resolve conflicts in the evidence and determine which witnesses to believe.


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$CD2D% 's requirement that the dwelling be that of another person is satisfied if
the evidence demonstrates that the entry was unauthorized. That a burglary defendant entered a
structure with the intent to commit the felony charged therein is a matter that the jury can infer
from the surrounding circumstances. Although the fact of breaking and entering is not itself
sufficient to prove the entry was made with the intent to commit the felony, such intent may be
inferred from the subsequent conduct of the defendant inside the premises.


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Convictions of both burglary and battery do not violate double jeopardy because each crime
requires proof of an additional fact that the other does not. Burglary requires proof of breaking and
entering while battery requires proof of a touching. Additionally, Indiana's double jeopardy
analysis requires the court on review to look to the manner in which the offenses are charged. If
the state is not required to prove any additional facts to obtain a second conviction, double
jeopardy will be violated. The imposition of two sentences for the same injurious consequences
inflicted by the defendant's singular act will violate double jeopardy.


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JUDGES:
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OPINION BY:
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Suppression of Evidence - Statements Obtained through a Jail Inmate
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III.
Mistrial - Evidentiary Harpoon
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IV.
Refusal of Tendered Instructions


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