1) Name 3 ways diseases are caused ________, ________, and ________.

2) Pathogens are ________________________________.

3) What is a disease?
4) Pastuer and Koch concluded that infectious diseases were cause by
____________.
5) Steere noticed that 39 children and many adults in Connecticut had a disease that
was only caught in the summer. What was this disease caused by?
6) Name 5 agents of disease are _______, _______, ________, _______, and
________.
7) T/F. Diseases are spread by physical contact, contaminated food, and
contaminated water.
8) What is an anti-biotic?
9) What did Alexander Fleming discover/create?
10) Can anti-biotics treat viruses? Why or why not?
11) The three best remedies for curing an infection are _______, ________, and
_______.
12) How do viruses infect a cell?
13) How do bacteria infect a cell?
14) What are protists (Give an example) and how do they travel through the body?
15) T/F. 2 examples of parasitic worms are ring worms and hook worms.
16) What does your immune system do?
17) How does the immune system ward off infection or disease?
18) What is this process called?
19) What is your body’s most important nonspecific defense?
20) Name 3 other nonspecific defenses to ward off infection and disease.
21) If a pathogen enters the body what is your body’s 2nd line of defense?
22) How is the inflammatory response triggered?
23) What is a white blood cells other name?
24) What is the fever supposed to do? Why does the fever do this?
25) What are interferons? And what do they do?
26) T/F. Your immune response is a specific-defense.
27) What triggers the immune response?
28) The immune system recognizes _-cells and _-cells.
29) When B-cells provide immunity against antigen and pathogens it is called
________ immunity.
30) When T-cells provide immunity against abnormal cells and pathogens inside a
host cell this is called _____-________ immunity.
31) T/F Plasma releases antibodies which are proteins that recognize and bind to
antigen and defend them.
32) What does the structure of an anti body resemble?
33) T/F Cell-mediated immunity is NOT the primary defense against the body’s own
cells.
34) When a human is exposed to a disease for a long period of time he/she creates an
________ for that disease.
35) What does the vaccination do?
a. What is active immunity?
 36) Passive immunity is the process in which injections from an animal with
_________ to a disease is then injected into a human.

ANSWERS
1) Viruses, bacteria, and fungi
2) Disease causing agents
3) Any change in the body other than an injury, that disrupts normal bodily functions
4) microorganisms
5) insects
6) viruses, bacteria, fungi, worms, or protists
7) true
8) compounds that kill bacteria
9) penicillin
10) No, antibiotics can’t treat viruses because viruses are not alive.
11) Rest, a good diet, and lots of fluids
12) Viruses inject dna or rna into the host cell, which takes over the cell. The cell than
makes more replicates of the original virus.
13) Bacteria destroy cell tissue for food and sometimes inject toxins into the body.
14) Protists are mesquitos. When the mesquito bites you it injects its toxins (sometimes
malaria) into the blood stream in which the disease or toxins travel.
15) Ringworm, round worm, flat worm, hookworm
16) The immune system fights against infections.
17) The immune system reproduces cells that attach and attack the infection.
18) This process is called immunity.
19) The skin
20) Saliva, mucus, tears
21) The 2nd line of defense is inflammatory system.’
22) It is triggered by the damage of tissue in the body in result of an injury or infectious
disease.
23) Phagocyte
24) The fever is used to kill bacteria. It is effective because bacteria have a very limited
temperature to live in.
25) Interferons are produced by cells to resist the spreading of infection or disease.
26) True
27) Antigens trigger the immune response.
28) T-cells and B-cells
29) Humeral immunity
30) Cell-mediated immunity
31) False, they attack them.
32) Y
33) False it is the primary defense against the body’s own cells.
34) immunity
35) A vaccination allows the body to build immunity to a disease/virus when its at a
weaken stage.
36) Active immunity is a vaccination
37) immunity