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Word List of Test 1 Meaning Synonym Antonym

acknowledge to accept, admit or recognize something, Recognize, accept deny


or the truth or existence of something
ignored to intentionally not listen or give Unnoticed
attention to overlooked
Decrease to become less, or to make something Reduce, shrink increase
become less
Verified to prove that something exists or is true, Established, unproven
or to make certain that something is confirmed
correct
Tolerate to accept behaviour and beliefs which are Stand, accept
different from your own, although you
might not agree with or approve of them
Admirer someone who finds someone else
sexually attractive, or someone who
admires someone or something
Adoration very strong love or worship for someone Respect, detestation
Contemporaries someone living during the same period as Generation,
someone else / a person who is of the age group
same age as you
Disapproval when you feel that something or condemnation approval
someone is bad or wrong
Indifference lack of interest in someone or something unresponsiveness concern
Approbation approval or agreement, often given by an good opinion disapproval
official group; praise
Precursor something which happened or existed Ancestor, originator
before another thing, especially if it either
developed into it or had an influence on it
Hinder to limit the ability of someone to do hold back, hamper
something, or to limit the development of
something
Exhausted extremely tired
Prolong (v) to make something last a longer time Extend, delay curtail
Prolonged (adj) continuing for a long time long-drawn-out
Virtuoso Expert, genius
Foresee / Foresaw it happens Predict, forecast
Ascertain to discover; to make certain Determine, establish
Exacerbate to make something which is already bad Aggravate, intensify improve
worse
Virtuosity extremely skilled Intelligence, ability stupidity
Foreshadow to act as a warning or sign of a future predict
event
Rigidity stiff or fixed; not able to be bent, moved inflexibility
Betray to not be loyal to your country or a be disloyal to, protect
person, often by doing something harmful hand over
such as helping their enemies
Uncertainty when something is not known, or Doubt, indecision confidence
something that is not known or certain
alleviate to make something bad such as pain or Improve, lighten aggravate
problems less severe
Cowardice a person who is too excited to avoid Weakness, courage
danger, difficulty or pain fearfulness
Sedative a drug used to calm a person or animal or Tranquilizer, stimulating
to make them sleep
Drowsiness being in a state between sleeping and Sleepiness, tiredness wakefulness
being awake
Contagiousness / causing or likely to cause disagreement
contentiousness
Anesthetic a substance that makes you unable to feel Sedative, painkiller
pain
Numbness lack of physical or emotional feeling lack of feeling sensation
Therapy a treatment which helps someone feel
better, grow stronger, etc., especially
after an illness
Psychosis any of a number of the more severe hang-up, phobia
mental diseases that make you believe
things that are not real
Commuter someone who regularly travels between Traveler, rail user
work and home
Gladiator in ancient Rome, a man who fought
another man or an animal, usually until
one of them died, for public
entertainment
Arena a large flat area surrounded by seats used Stadium, ground
for sports or entertainment
Senator a politician who has been elected to a
Senate
Caucus (a meeting of) a small group of people in a Assembly,
political party or organization who have a committee
lot of influence, or who have similar
interests
Temptation the wish to do or have something which Enticement,
you know you should not do or have attraction
Conquer to take control or possession of foreign Defeat, overcome
land, or a group of people, by force
Starvation the state of having no food for a long Hunger,
period, often causing death undernourishment
Wanderlust the wish to travel far away and to many desire to travel,
different places itchy feet
Frugal careful when using money or food, or (of Economical, careful
a meal) cheap or small in amount
Miserly, someone who has a strong wish to have Collector,
Miser money and hates to spend it accumulator
Arrogant unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you Egotistical, proud
are more important than, or know more
than, other people
Courageous having or showing courage Brave, daring cowardly
Pugnacious wanting to start an argument or fight, or Aggressive, peaceable
expressing an argument or opinion very
forcefully
Rash a lot of small red spots on the skin / a rash Pimples, itchiness
of sth a large number of unpleasant
events of the same type
Foolhardy brave in a silly way, taking unnecessary Reckless, risky
risks
Timid shy and nervous; without much Nervous, fearful
confidence; easily frightened
Narcotic specialized a drug which makes you want
to sleep and prevents you feeling pain
Lethargy having little energy; feeling unwilling and Exhaustion, laziness
unable to do anything
Resuscitation when someone or something is brought Revival, recovery
back to life or wakes / a return to success
after a difficult period, especially in
business
Stygian extremely and unpleasantly dark
Abysmal very bad terrible superb
Cogent describes an argument or reason, etc. Convincing, forceful
that is clearly expressed and persuades
people to believe it
Contentious causing or likely to cause disagreement Controversial
arguable
Fortuitous (of something that is to your advantage) Accidental
not planned, happening by chance unexpected
Reckless doing something dangerous and not Irresponsible, wild
worrying about the risks and the possible
results
Threatening expressing a threat of something aggressive Soothing,
unpleasant or violent peaceful
Cataclysmic a great destructive event or sudden Disastrous, tragic
violent change
Doomed certain to fail, die or be destroyed
Worship to love, respect and admire someone or adoration
something very much, often without
noticing their bad qualities
Pyre a large pile of wood on which a dead body
is burnt in some parts of the world
Burial the act of putting a dead body into the
ground, or the ceremony connected with
this
Mortuary a building, or a room in a hospital, where
dead bodies are kept so that they can be
examined before the funeral
Centurion an officer in the army of ancient Rome,
who was responsible for 100 soldiers
Massacre (n) An act of killing a lot of people
Massacre (v) To kill many people in a short period of
time
Prediction when you say what will happen in the
future
augury a sign of what might happen in the Omen, warning
future / the skill of knowing what will
happen in the future
Evanescent lasting for only a short time, then Fleeting, momentary
disappearing quickly and being forgotten
Penetrate to move into or through something / to go through
study or investigate something in order to
understand
Onerous difficult to do or needing a lot of effort burdensome easy
Feckless describes people or behaviour with no Hopeless, feeble
energy and enthusiasm
Illusory not real; based on illusion Deceptive, real
misleading
Pliant being able and willing to accept change or flexible stiff
new ideas
Yield (v) to supply or produce something positive
such as a profit, an amount of food or
information
Yield (n) an amount of something positive, such as
food or profit, that is produced or
supplied
Upbraid to forcefully or angrily tell someone they scold
should not have done a particular thing
and criticize them for having done it
criticism (v) to criticize someone, especially for not Criticism, praise
being successful or not doing what is disapproval
expected
Reproach (n) when you criticize someone, especially for
not being successful or for not doing what
is expected
Dote to love someone completely and believe
they are perfect
Lag (v) to move or make progress so slowly that insulate
you are behind other people or things
Lag (n) a delay between two things happening
Stray (v) to travel along a route that was not wander away
originally intended, or to move outside a
limited area
Stray (n) a pet that no longer has a home or cannot
find its home
Vex to cause difficulty to someone, or to displease
cause someone to feel angry, annoyed or
upset
recast to change the form of something, or to
change an actor in a play or film
Unscathed without injuries or damage being caused Intact, unmarked
impair to spoil something or make it weaker so Damage, harm
that it is less effective
Impugn to cause people to doubt someone's hold responsible,
character, qualities or reputation by point the finger at
criticizing them
Tarnished to make or (especially of metal) become Marked, imperfect unblemished
less bright or a different colour
Sullied to make something dirty dishonored, pure
despoiled
Provincial a person who comes from somewhere in regional central
a country outside its capital city
Revert to return to doing, using, being or relapse
referring to something, usually something
bad or less satisfactory
Assimilate to take in, fit into, or become similar (to) incorporate reject
Adhere to stick firmly
Incline to (make someone) feel something or predispose put off
want to do something
Advocate to publicly support or suggest an idea, supporter opponent
development or way of doing something
Petulant easily annoyed and complaining in a rude Huffy, irritable easygoing
way like a child
Harsh unpleasant, unkind, cruel or unnecessarily Cruel, unsympathetic
severe
Insightful (the ability to have) a clear, deep and Perceptive,
sometimes sudden understanding of a discerning
complicated problem or situation
Acclaimed to give public approval and praise celebrated
Revolutionary completely new and having a great effect Radical, innovative
Implicit suggested but not communicated directly Understood, hidden
Finite having a limit or end Restricted,
predetermined
Controversial causing disagreement or discussion
modulate to change something, such as an action or Adapt, adjust
a process, to make it more suitable for its
situation
Metamorphosed to change into a completely different
form or type
Intelligibility (of speech and writing) clear enough to Simplicity, ambiguity
be understood transparency
Reluctant not willing to do something and therefore keen
slow to do it
evaluate to judge or calculate the quality, Assess, estimate
importance, amount or value of
something
Inquisitive wanting to discover as much as you can Curious, interested
about things, sometimes in a way that
annoys people
Presumptuous A person who is presumptuous shows arrogant
little respect for others by doing things
they have no right to do
venture to risk going somewhere or doing Gamble, scheme
something that might be dangerous or
unpleasant, or to risk saying something
that might be criticized
Censorious to remove anything offensive from books, disapproving approving
films, etc., or to remove parts considered
unsuitable from private letters, especially
sent during war or from a prison
Undercutting to charge less than a competitor
Moralistic Someone or something that is moralistic didactic
judges people by fixed and possibly unfair
standards of right and wrong and tries to
force or teach them to behave according
to these standards

Fragile easily damaged, broken or harmed delicate sturdy

Erratic not regular, uncertain or without unpredictable consistent


organization in movement or behaviour
Noxious describes something, especially a gas or Toxic, injurious
other substance, that is poisonous or very
harmful
Mutter to speak quietly and in a low voice that is whisper speak up
not easy to hear, often when you are
worried or complaining about something
Indistinct not clear Vague, blurry
Plead to make an urgent, emotional statement Beg, appeal
or request for something
Obligatory describes something you must do Compulsory,
because of a rule or law, etc enforced
Flatter to praise someone in order to make them compliment
feel attractive or important, sometimes in
a way that is not sincere
Drone to make a low continuous noise which buzz
does not change its note
Monotonous staying the same and not changing and repetitive varied
therefore boring
Faultfinder
Luminary a person who is famous and important in Celebrity,
a particular area of activity personality
Arbitrator a person who has been officially chosen Judge, mediator
to make a decision between two people
or groups who do not agree
Mediate to talk to two separate people or groups provoke
involved in a disagreement to try to help
them to agree or find a solution to their
problems
Dawdler
Toil hard work, especially work which makes sweat
you feel physically tired
Pest an annoying person, especially a child
Irksome annoying

Courteous polite and respectful; well-mannered rude


Proficient skilled and experienced
Enigma something that is mysterious and seems puzzle
impossible to understand completely
Nondescript very ordinary, or having no interesting or Unremarkable, dull
exciting features or qualities
Accuser to say that someone has done something Complainant,
morally wrong, illegal or unkind plaintiff
indicate to show, point or make clear in another Specify, signify
way
Prologue a part that comes at the beginning of a Introduction finale
play, story or long poem, often giving opening
information about events that have
happened before the time when the play,
story or poem begins
Novel
Preamble an introduction to a speech or piece of Preface, Introduction postscript
writing opening
Statute a law which has been formally approved Decree, order
and written down
Symphony a long piece of music for an orchestra,
usually with four movements (= parts)

Ascend to move up or climb something rise descend


Proliferate to increase a lot and suddenly in number multiply
Deflect to (cause to) change direction prevent

Contiguous next to or touching another, usually adjacent


similar, thing
Abut If a building or area of land abuts on adjoin
something, it is next to it or touches it on
one side
Coincide to happen at or near the same time agree
Faucet tap (DEVICE)
Laudatory expressing praise Admiring,
congratulatory
Praise to express admiration or approval about honor
the achievements or characteristics of a
person or thing
Peremptory expecting to be obeyed immediately and authoritative polite
without asking questions
Dispute to disagree with something that someone Quarrel, argument agreement
says
Imperative extremely important or urgent; needing Crucial, essential unimportant
to be done or given attention
immediately
Comply to act according to an order, set of rules Obey, submit
or request

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