Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

SPECKLED COMPUTING

Nikhil A T
EPAHECS034
S7 Computer Science and Engineering

Government Engineering College

Sreekrishnapuram Palakkad

November 25, 2010

Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Specks

3 Specknet

4 Speckled Computing

5 Applications

6 Conclusion and Future Scope

7 References
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Introduction

Radically new concept in Information Technology

Realized using minute specks
Network of specks called specknet
Bridge the gap between digital and virtual worlds
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Specks

Minute (about 1 cubic millimeter)

Autonomous
Semiconductor material
Encapsulates sensing, processing and wireless networking in a
single chip
Non-static and unreliable
Has limited power and memory
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Features of Speck

3 main tasks
Sensing
Processing
Communicating
Architecture support
Support multi-threaded operation
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Specks

Figure: 1:Speck
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Specks:Design Constraints

Desired specks have to be small

Limited energy storage
Limited resources for energy scavenging ( the process by which
energy is captured and stored )
Limited memory
Main goal: Reduce power requirements.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Modes of Operation

Speck can operate in different modes.

Sense and memory:
Senor and memory units are active.
Remote memory:
Memory and communication units are active.
Event driven architecture
Mode transitions occur in response to events from either
Outside world
Program world
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Specknet

Network of specks.
Dense and non-static wireless network of thousands of specks.
Specks communicate wirelessly over a few meters.
Links physical world to the digital world.
Simple algorithm is used for communicating
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Need For Specknet

Individual speck does not have enough memory or processing

power to be useful.
Allow to run small and simple programs .
Impossible to route between thousands of individual specks
Individual speck moves around and is unreliable.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Managing Specknet

Group specks into speckZones of roughly equal size.

The blue internal specks share memory and processing power.
The green border specks handle communication with
neighboring zones.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Contd..

Each speck can only be a member of one speckZone

Easier to program a speckZone as whole than program
individual speck.
Provides better memory, processing power and reliability.
Routing is made better.
Size of the speckZone is a constraint.
Algorithm fully decentralized.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Charachteristics of a Good SpeckZone

SpeckZones have an optimum size.

Large zones have more memory/processing power.
If the zone is too large, it will be expensive to manage.
Members of zone should be close together to reduce power
required for communications within the zone.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Comparison of specknets with the existing sensor networks

Program-centric (specknets) v/s data-centric (sensor

networks).
Behaviour - Sparse (sensor networks) v/s Dense networks
(specknets) short range communications.
Mobility model - nodes in sensor networks are static. In
contrast, specks are mobile.
Data transfer model - Source nodes transfer to sink nodes
(sensor networks) v/s peer-to-peer model in specknets .
Control model - Decentralized,leaderless.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Determining the Position

Achieved by introducing certain ckeckpoints known as anchor

nodes
Know their location at all times.
Anchor nodes periodically broadcast their locations.
All other nodes can determine their position as an average of
the distance from all the anchor nodes,which they had
received over a time period.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Anchor Nodes

Anchor nodes are:

Hand placed, fixed in position, and individually told where they
are, or.
Equipped with some GPS-like equipment.
They are evenly distributed, with overlapping fields of
coverage.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Communication between SpeckZone

Gradient wave.
Source: emit message with counter 0
Recipients: remember counter value and emit message with
increased counter.
Messages with higher counter values are ignored.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Speckled Computing

Specknets creates a computational aura.

Any process occurring within the field can be accurately
determined.
Achieved by fine-grained distributed computing.
Enabler technology for ubiquitous computing (3rd wave in
computing - a person using more than one computer
workstations, pc)
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Speckled Computing Architecture

Figure: 2:Architecture
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Protocols

Render many existing MANET and sensor network protocols

but the memory constraint to be kept in check.
A novel protocol- Speckzone based routing protocol ( SBaRP
) enables data to route under stringent memory conditions
It is a hybrid routing algorithm that combines the advantages
of both proactive and reactive algorithm to enable routing in
specknets.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Prospeckz

Programmable specks are called Prospeckz

Rapid development platform for speckled computing.
Intended as an enabler for integrating the technology of
speckled computing in to consumer electronics applications.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Advantages

1 Speckled Computing allows Ubiquitous Computing.

2 Better method than sensors to sense heart beats, pulse rates,
climatic variations etc.
3 Bridges the gap between real and virtual world.
4 Encapsulate sensing,processing,broadcasting etc in small chips.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Disadvantages

1 Limited power retains ability.

2 Bad power scavenging method or power scavenging absence.
3 May float away easily from the specified location.
4 Can support only small programs.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Applications

Location awareness using non-GPS solutions.

Mobile ad-hoc wireless networks.
Control intrusion in area with sensor nodes.
Disaster prevention and management.
Track location of tagged assets or people in a building.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Motion Tracking

Figure: 4:Motion Tracking

Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Gaming Applications

Brain waves are electro-magnetic pulses

Specknets can be used to sense these brain waves(EEG).
Each emotion and thought produces an entirely different
pattern of waves.
Game play is thus possible by just thinking.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Conclusion

Specknets link the digital world of computers to the physical

world of sensory data.
Affords new models of interaction with the digital world.
Physical environment is the primary site of interaction.
Application area of the specknets are quite large.
Termed as the next big thing in computing. In short,
Specknet will surely be the future.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Future Scope

Energy scavenging methods for the specks have to be

developed.
Individual specks with longer memory.
Develop speck such that a single speck can be part of multiple
specknet to allow internetworking.
Device methods to ensure that the specks do not float away
out of the field unless required.
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

References

Wong K J,Arvind D K ,”Speckled Computing:Disruptive

Technology for Networked Information Appliances” Wireless
Communication and Networking Conference IEEE 2005.
Shah S.C,Chandio F.H, ”Speckled Computing:Evolution and
Challenges” International Conference on Bangkok 2009.
http://www.specknet.org 1-11-10
Introduction Specks Specknet Speckled Computing Applications Conclusion and Future Scope References

Thank you

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