Q. 1.

Define the term ‘dielectric constant’ of a medium in terms of capacitance of a

capacitor. 1

Q. 2. Sketch a graph showing variation of resistivity of carbon with temperature. 1

Q. 3. The vertical component of Earth’s magnetic field at a place is times the

horizontal component. What is the value of angle of dip at this place? 1

Q. 4. With that purpose was famous Davisson-Germer experiment with electrons

performed? 1

Q. 5. Name the type of communication in which the signal is a discrete and binary coded
version of the message or information. 1

Q. 6. The electric field and electric potential at any point due to a point charge kept in air
is 20 NC-1 and 10 JC-1 respectively. Compute the magnitude of this charge. 2

Q. 7. Write the mathematical relation between mobility and drift velocity of charge
carriers in a conductor. Name the mobile charge carriers responsible for conduction of
electric current in (i) an electrolyte (ii) an ionised gas. 2

Q. 8. State the principle of working of a cyclotron. Write two uses of this machine. 2

Q. 9. Draw a labelled ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope. Write its any one
advantage over refracting type telescope.

Q. 10. Draw and explain the output waveform across the load resistor R, if the input
waveform is as shown in the given figure. 2

Or

Explain how the width of depletion layer in a p-n junction diode changes when the
junction is (i) forward biased (ii) reverse biased.

Q. 11. The given graph shows the variation of charge q versus potential difference V for
two capacitors . The two capacitors C1 and C2 have same plate separation but the plate
area of C2 is double than that of C1 . Which of the lines in the graph correspond to C1 and
C2 ssssand why? 2
Q. 12. Two cells E1 and E2 in the given circuit diagram have an emf of 5 V and 9 V and
internal resistance of respectively. 2

Calculate the value of current flowing through the resistance of .

Q. 13. How is the mutual inductance of a pair of coils affected when: 3

(i) separation between the coils is increased?

(ii) the number of turns of each coil is increased ?
(iii) a thin iron sheet is placed between the two coils, other factors remaining the same?
Explain your answer in each case.

Q. 14. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn, in: 3

(i) medium A of refractive index 1.65

(ii) medium B of refractive index 1.33
Explain, giving reasons, whether it will behave as a converging lens or a diverging lens in
each of these two media.

Q. 15. Define the terms threshold frequency and stopping potential in relation to the
phenomenon of photoelectric effect. How is the photoelectric current affected on
increasing the (i) frequency (ii) intensity of the incident radiations and why? 3

Q. 16. Explain, with the help of a nuclear reaction in each of the following cases, how the
neutron to proton ratio changes during (i) alpha-decay (ii) beta-decay? 3

Q. 17. What is an intrinsic semiconductor? How can this material be converted into (i) P-
type (ii) N-type extrinsic semiconductor? Explain with the help of energy band diagrams.
3
Q. 18. Why is the mass of a nucleus always less than the sum of the masses of its
constituents, neutrons and protons. 3

If the total number of neutrons and protons in a nuclear reaction is conserved, how then is
the energy absorbed or evolved in the reaction? Explain.

Or

Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number for
different nuclei. Explain, with the help of this graph, the release of energy by the process
of nuclear fusion.

Q. 19. Define the term modulation. Name three different types of modulation used for a
message signal using a sinusoidal continuous carrier wave. Explain the meaning of any
one of these. 3

Q. 20. What is electric flux? Write its S.I. units.

Using Gauss’s theorem, deduce an expression for the electric field at a point due to a
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet. 3

Q. 21. A 10 m long wire of uniform cross-section and resistance is used in a

potentiometer. The wire is connected in series with a battery of 5 V along with an
external resistance of . If an unknown emf E is balanced at 6.0 m length of the
wire, calculate: 3

Q. 22. Draw a circuit diagram for use of NPN transistor as an amplifier in common
emitter configuration. The input resistance of a transistor is . On changing its
base current by , the collector current increases by 2 m A. If a load resistance of
is used in the circuit, calculate: 1 + 2

(i) the current gain

(ii) voltage gain of the amplifier

Q. 23. Define the term ‘critical frequency’ in relation to sky wave propagation of
electromagnetic waves.
On a particular day, the maximum frequency reflected from the ionosphere is 10 MHz.
On another day, it was found to decrease to 8 MHz. Calculate the ratio of the maximum
electron densities of the ionosphere on the two days. 3

Q. 24. Draw a labelled diagram of Hertz’s experimental set-up to produce

electromagnetic waves. Explain the generation of- electromagnetic waves using this set-
up. 3

Q. 25. The given circuit diagram shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable
frequency 230 V source: 5
(a) Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.
(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating
frequency.
(c) Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit.
(d) How do you explain the observation that the algebraic sum of the voltages across the
three elements obtained in (c) is greater than the supplied voltage?

Or

The primary coil of an ideal step-up transformer has 100 turns and the transformation
ratio is also 100. The input voltage the power are 220 V and 1100 W respectively.
Calculate:

(i) number of turns in the secondary

(ii) the current in the primary
(iii) voltage across the secondary
(iv) the current in the secondary
(v) power in the secondary

Q. 26. What is interference of light? Write two essential conditions for sustained
interference pattern to be produced on the screen. 5

Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity versus the position on the screen in
Young’s experiment when (a) both the slits are opened and (b) one of the slits is closed.

What is the effect on the interference pattern in Young’s double slit experiment when:

(i) screen is moved closer to the plane of slits?

(ii) separation between two slits is increased. Explain your answer in each case.

Or

What is diffraction of light? Draw a graph showing the variation of intensity with angle
in a single slit diffraction experiment. Write one feature which distinguishes the observed
pattern from the double slit interference pattern.

How would the diffraction pattern of a single slit be affected when:

(i) the width of the slit is decreased?

(ii) the monochromatic source of light is replaced by a source of white light?
Q. 27. With the help of a neat and labelled diagram, explain the underlying principle and
working of a moving coil galvanometer. What is the function of:

(i) uniform radial field 5

(ii) soft iron core
in such a device?

Or

Derive a mathematical expression for the force per unit length experienced by each of the
two long current carrying conductors placed parallel to each other in air. Hence define
one ampere of current.

Explain why two parallel straight conductors carrying current in the opposite direction
kept near each other in air repel?
Q. 1. Define the term electric dipole moment. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity? 1

Q. 2. The variation of potential difference V with length I in case of two potentiometers P

and Q is as shown. Which one of these two will you prefer for comparing emfs of two
primary cells. 1

Q. 3. de Brogue wavelength associated with an electron accelerated through a potential

difference . What will be its wavelength when the accelerating potential is
increased to 4 V?

Q. 4. Give any one difference between FAX and e-mail systems of communication. 1

Q. 5. Steel is preferred for making permanent magnets whereas soft iron is preferred for
making electromagnets. Give one reason. 1

Q. 6. You are given ‘a’ resistors, each of resistance ‘r’. These are first connected to get
minimum possible resistance. In the second case, these are again connected differently to
get maximum possible resistance. Compute the ratio between the minimum and
maximum values of resistance so obtained. 2

Q. 7. Two capacitors of capacitance of are connected in series with a

battery. The voltage across the capacitor is 2 V. Compute the total battery voltage.
2

Or

A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8 pF. The
separation between the pates is now reduced by half and the space between them is filled
with a medium of dielectric constant 5. Calculate the value of capacitance of the
capacitor in the second case. 2

Q. 8. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the image formation in a refracting type
astronomical telescope. Why should the diameter of the objective of a telescope belarge?

Q. 9. Draw a circuit diagram using a metre bridge and write the necessary mathematical
relation used to determine the value of an unknown resistance. Why cannot such an
arrangement be used for measuring very low resistances? 2

Q. 10. Which one of the two, an ammeter or a milliammeter, has a higher resistance and
why? 2
Q. 11. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr
be the resonance frequency for the circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or
remain in phase with the applied voltage when (i) (ii) Explain your
answer in each case. 2

Q. 12. A point charge ‘q’ is placed at O as shown in the figure.

Q. 13. Using Gauss’s theorem, show mathematically that for any point outside the shell,
the field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is the same as if the entire charge
of the shell is concentrated at the centre. Why do you expect the electric field inside the
shell to be zero according to this theorem? 3

Q. 14. Distinguish between frequency modulation and amplitude modulation. Why is an

FM signal less susceptible to noise than an AM signal? 3

Q. 15. Write the order of frequency range and one use of each of the following
electromagnetic radiations. 3

(i) Microwaves
(ii) Ultra-violet rays
(iii) Gamma rays

Q. 16. Sketch a graph between frequency of incident radiations and stopping potential for
a given photosensitive material. What information can be obtained from the value of the
intercept on the potential axis?

A source of light of frequency greater than the threshold frequency is placed at a distance
of 1 m from the cathode of a photo-cell. The stopping potential is found to be V. If the
distance of the light source from the cathode is reduced, explain giving reasons, what
change will you observe in the

(i) photoelectric current,

(ii) stopping potential. 3

Q. 17. Define the terms half-life period and decay constant of a radioactive substance.
Write their S.I. units. Establish the relationship between the two. 3

Q. 18. A neutron is absorbed by a nucleus with the subsequent emission of an alpha

particle.
(i) Write the corresponding nuclear reaction.
(ii) Calculate the energy released, in MeV, in this reaction. 3

Q. 19. When an inductor L and a resistor R in series are connected across a 12 V, 50Hz
supply, a current of 0.5 A flows in the circuit. The current differs in phase from applied
voltage by radian. Calculate the value of R. 3

Or

A 0.5 long metal rod PQ completes the circuit as shown in the figure. The area of the
circuit is perpendicular to the magnetic field of flux density 0.15 T. If the resistance of
the total circuit is , calculate the force needed to move the rod in the direction as
indicated with a constant speed of 2 ms-1.

Q. 20. State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. Express these in mathematical notation. Name
any two applications of electrolysis. 3

Q. 21. What are eddy currents. How are these produced? in what sense are eddy currents
considered undesirable in a transformer and how are these reduced in such a device? 3

Q. 22. A beam of light converges to a point P. A lens is placed in the path of the
convergent beam 12 cm from P. At what point does the beam converge if the lens is

(i) a convex lens of focal length 20 cm,

(ii) a concave lens of focal length 16 cm ? 3
Do the required calculations.

Q. 23. Consider an optical communication system operating at nm. Suppose,

only 1% of the optical source frequency is the available channel band-width for optical
communication. How many channels can be accommodated for transmit ting
(a) audio-signals requiring a band-width of 8 kHz,
(b) video TV signals requiring an approximate band-width of 4.5 MHz? Support your
answer with suitable calculations. 3

Q. 24. Explain (I) forward biasing, (ii) reverse biasing of a P-N junction diode. With the
help of a circuit diagram, explain the use of this device as a half - wave rectifier. 3

Q. 25. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of a cyclotron. State the underlying principle
and explain how a positively charged particle gets accelerated in this ma chine. Show
mathematically that the cyclotron frequency does not depend upon the speed of the
particle. 5

Or

State the Biot - Savart law for the magnetic field due to a current carrying element. Use
this law to obtain a formula for magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop of radius R
carrying a steady current I. Sketch the magnetic field lines for a current loop clearly
indicating the direction of the field. 5

Q. 26. What are coherent sources of light? State two conditions for two light sources to
be coherent.
Derive a mathematical expression for the width of interference fringes obtained in
Young’s double slit experiment with the help of a suitable diagram. 5

Or

State Huygens’ principle. Using the geometrical construction of secondary wave- lets,
explain the refraction of a plane wave front incident at a plane surface. Hence verify
Snell’s law of refraction.
Illustrate with the help of diagrams the action of (i) convex lens and (ii) concave mirror
on a plane wave front incident on it. 5

Q. 27. What are energy bands? How are these formed? Distinguish between a conductor,
an insulator and a semiconductor on the basis of energy band diagram. 5

Or

Explain the function of base region of a transistor. Why is this region made thin and
lightly doped?
Draw a circuit diagram to study the input and output characteristics of n-p-n transistor in
a common emitter (CE) configuration. Show these characteristics graphically. Explain
how current amplification factor of the transistor is calculated using output
characteristics. 5