Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Instructional methods and teaching methods mean the same thing. They are
primarily descriptions of the learning objective oriented activities and flow of information between
teachers and students. Although some may argue otherwise, to split hairs over whether such
methods are meaningfully different adds nothing to the process of learning to be a teacher. Direct
and indirect instruction are two main categories that many educators find useful for classifying
teaching methods, but it is, as you will see, a bit more complicated than placing all instruction into
two categories. Any instructional method a teacher uses has advantages, disadvantages, and
requires some preliminary preparation. Often times, a particular teaching method will naturally flow
into another, all within the same lesson, and excellent teachers have developed the skills to make
the process seamless to the students. Which instructional method is "right" for a particular lesson
depends on many things, and among them are the age and developmental level of the students,
what the students already know, and what they need to know to succeed with the lesson, the
subject-matter content, the objective of the lesson, the available people, time, space and material
resources, and the physical setting. Another, more difficult problem is to select an instructional
method that best fits one's particular teaching style and the lesson-situation. There is no one "right"
method for teaching a particular lesson, but there are some criteria that pertain to each that can
help a teacher make the best decision possible. The methods are not listed in a preferred
sequence, no hierarchy of putative superiority of method is intended, and obviously, not all are
appropriate for all grades and subject matter content areas.
DIRECT TEACHING
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Advantages Disadvantages Preparation
Some students Decide what skills or knowledge are to be learned.
don't work well Requires some time to prepare students. to learn
this way. how to work in groups.
Loners find it
Helps foster mutual responsibility.
hard to share
Supported by research as an effective
answers.
technique.
Aggressive
Students learn to be patient, less critical and
students try to
more compassionate.
take over.
Bright students
tend to act
superior.
LECTURE
PANEL OF EXPERTS
Advantages Disadvantages Preparation
Personalities Teacher coordinates focus of panel, introduces and
may overshadow summarizes.
content. Teacher briefs panel.
Experts are often
not effective
speakers.
Experts present different opinions. Subject may not
Can provoke better discussion than a one be in logical
person discussion. order.
Frequent change of speaker keeps Not appropriate
attention from lagging. for elementary
age students.
Logistics can be
troublesome.
BRAINSTORMING
VIDEOTAPES/SLIDES
Advantages Disadvantages Preparation
Can raise too Need to obtain and set up equipment
many issues to Effective only if teacher prepares for
have a focused discussion after the presentation
Entertaining way of introducing content and discussion
raising issues Discussion may
Usually keeps group's attention not have full
Looks professional participation
Stimulates discussion Most effective
when following
discussion
DISCUSSION
CASE STUDIES
Advantages Disadvantages Preparation
Students may Case must be clearly defined
not see Case study must be prepared
relevance to
own situation
Develops analytic and problem solving skills Insufficient
Allows for exploration of solutions for information can
complex issues lead to
Allows student to apply new knowledge and inappropriate
skills results
Not appropriate
for elementary
level
ROLE PLAYING
WORKSHEET/SURVEYS
GUEST SPEAKERS
VALUES CLARIFICATION