精神医療の現場におけるミス

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: 6: David Bartruff/Corbis; 21: Gabe Palmer/Corbis; 24: Najlah Feanny/Corbis; 27: Reuters News Media Inc./Corbis; NewsPix (NZ);
The Sankei Shimbun; AP Wideworld Photos; 30: Jose Luiz Pelaez, Inc./Corbis.
© 2004 CCHR CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS) CCHR CCHR Citizens Commission on Human Rights
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References
1. David Samuels, “Saying Untested tool belongs in lab 31. “Worsening Depression 45. Op. cit., Szasz, The
Yes to Drugs,” The New only, experts say,” The and Suicidality in Patients Manufacture of Madness,
Yorker, 23 Mar. 1998. Mercury News, 4 May 2004. Being Treated with p. 305.
2. Ty C. Colbert, Ph.D., Rape 15. Ibid. Antidepressants
46. Erwin H. Ackerknecht,
of the Soul: How the Chemical Medications,” U.S. Food
16. Dr. Mary Ann Block, No A Short History of Psychiatry
Imbalance Model of Modern and Drug Administration
More ADHD (Block Books, (Hafner Publishing Co., New
Psychiatry Has Failed its Public Health Advisory,
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Patients (Kevco Publishing, 22 Mar. 2004.
17. Op. Cit., Ty C. Colbert, 47. Thomas Roder, Volker
California, 2001) pp. 74–75 32. Kelly Patricia O’Meara,
Ph.D., p. 74. Kubillus, Anthony Burwell,
3. “Controlling the diagnosis “GAO ‘Study’ Plays
Psychiatrists—The Men Behind
and treatment of hyperactive 18. Physician’s Desk Guessing Games,” Insight
Hitler (Freedom Publishing,
children in Europe,” Reference—1998 (Medical Magazine, 16 May 2003. Los Angeles, 1995), p. 28, cit-
Parliamentary Assembly Economics Co., N.J.), pp.
33. R.S. Pollack, “A Boy’s ing: Friedrich Neitzche, Book
Council of Europe 1896–1897.
Behavioral Problems Stop III, p. 67.
Preliminary Draft Report, 19. Brian Vastig, “Pay after a Blockage is Removed 48. Op. cit., Szasz,
Mar. 2002, Statement from Attention: Ritalin Acts Much from His Colon,” Sun Sentinel Manufacture of Madness,
Dr. Paul Runge. Like Cocaine,” Journal of the News, 4 Mar. 2002. p. 312.
4. Ibid., point 46. American Medical Association,
22/29 Aug. 2001, Vol. 286, 34. American Psychiatric 49. Stanley Finger, Origins of
5. “Evolution of the number No. 8, p. 905. Association Campaign Kit Neuroscience: A History of
of prescriptions of Ritalin 1989: “Opening letter by Explorations into Brain
(Methylphenidate) in the 20. Dr. David Stein, Ph.D.,
Unraveling the ADD/ADHD Harvey Ruben, M.D.”; Function (Oxford University
Canton of Neuchatel between Press, New York, 1994), p. 58.
Fiasco (Andrews Publishing, sections on “About this
1996 and 2000,” Dr. Jean-
Kansas City, 2001), p. 22. year’s campaign”; “About 50. Op. Cit., Elliot S.
Blaise Montandon, Public
legislators”; “About Valenstein, p. 19.
Health Service and Laurent 21. Ibid., p. 20.
Medioni, Chief of the public.”
22. Ibid. 51. Ibid., p. 19.
Pharmaceutical Control and 35. “Acknowledgements,” A
23. Diagnostic and Statistical 52. “Acknowledgements,” A
Authorization Division, WHO Educational Package—
Manual of Mental Disorders WHO Educational Package—
Switzerland. Mental Disorders in Primary
(DSM-IIIR) (American Mental Disorders in Primary
6. David Reardon, “Mind Care, 1998, p. 3. Care, 1998, p. 3.
Psychiatric Association,
drugs are hurting normal 36. Edward Shorter, A History
Washington, D.C., 1987), 53. Sarah Boseley,
children: AMA,” Sydney of Psychiatry: From the Era of
p. 136. “Psychiatric Agenda ‘set by
Morning Herald, 6 Feb. 1999. the Asylums to the Age of
24. Sydney Walker III, M.D., drug firms,’” The Guardian, 9
7. Op. cit., Parliamentary Prozac (John Wiley & Sons, July 2001.
The Hyperactivity Hoax (St.
Assembly Council of Europe Inc., New York, 1997), p. 1.
Martin’s Paperbacks, New 54. Shankar Vedantam,
Preliminary Draft Report,
York, 1998), p. 47. 37. Franz G. Alexander, M.D., “Drug Ads Hyping Anxiety
Mar. 2002.
25. Op. cit., Dr. Jean-Blaise and Sheldon T. Selesnick, Make Some Uneasy,” The
8. “The ADHD Debate— M.D., The History of Washington Post, 16 July 2001.
Montandon and Laurent
Parents, doctors and educa- Psychiatry: An Evaluation of
Medioni. 55. Joseph Glenmullen, M.D.,
tors struggle to define—and
26. Lucy Johnston, “These Psychiatric Thought and Prozac Backlash (Simon &
treat—attention deficit hyper-
youngsters are like guinea Practice from Prehistoric Times Schuster, New York, 2000),
activity disorder,” Daily News
pigs in a huge medical exper- to the Present (Harper & Row p. 12.
(New York), 9 Apr. 2001.
iment…” Sunday Express, Publishers, New York, 1966),
9. Louria Shulamit, M.D., 56. Op. cit., Elliot S.
15 June 2003. p. 4. Valenstein, p. 4.
family practitioner, Israel,
2002—quote provided to 27. K. Minde, M.D., FRCPC, 38. Thomas Szasz, M.D., The 57. “IMS HEALTH Reports
CCHR International 22 June “The Use of Psychotropic Manufacture of Madness 14.9 Percent Dollar Growth in
2002. Medication in Preschoolers: (Harper & Row, New York, U.S. Prescription Sales to
Some Recent Developments,” 1970), p. 299. $145 Billion in 2000,”
10. Gina Shaw, “The Ritalin
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, IMSHealth.com, 31 May 2001;
Controversy—Experts 39. Op. cit., Edward Shorter,
Vol. 43, 1998. “IMS Reports 11.5 Percent
Debate Use of Drug to Curb p. 17.
Hyperactivity in Children,” 28. Richard De Grandpre, Dollar Growth in ‘03 U.S.
Ritalin Nation (W.W. Norton 40. Thomas Szasz, M.D., Prescription Sales,”
The Washington Diplomat,
& Co., New York, 1999), Pharmocracy (Praeger IMSHealth.com, 17 Feb., 2004.
Mar. 2002.
p. 177. Publishers, Westport, CT,
11. Jeanie Russell, “The Pill 58. Herb Kutchins & Stuart
2001), p. 6.
That Teachers Push,” Good 29. Kate Muldoon, “Shooting A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy: The
Housekeeping, Dec. 1997. spurs debate on Prozac’s use 41. Ibid. Psychiatric Bible and the
by kids,” The Oregonian, 42. Ibid. Creation of Mental Disorders”
12. Elliot S. Valenstein, Ph.D., 1 June 1998. (The Free Press, New York,
Blaming the Brain (The Free 43. John G. Howells, M.D., 1997), pp. 260, 263.
Press, New York, 1998), p. 4. 30. “The eating cure: Forget
World History of Psychiatry
drugs—diet is the way 59. David Healy, The Anti-
13. Ibid., p. 196. (Brunner/Mazel, Inc., New
forward in treating mental Depressant Era (Harvard
York, 1975), p. 264.
14. Lisa M. Krieger, “Some illness…,” The Guardian University Press, 1999),
question value of brain scan; (London), 4 May 2004. 44. Ibid. p. 233.
60. David Kaiser, M.D., Mistreatment of the Mentally Ill Bulletin, Aug. 1996, modified Psychiatric Patients,” Journal of
“Against Biological (Perseus Publishing, New 6 Jan. 1997, Internet address: Clinical Psychiatry, Vol. 47, No.
Psychiatry,” Dec. 1996, York, 2002), p. 183. http://www.premec.org.nz/ 1, Jan. 1986, Supplement, p. 5;
http://www.antipsychiatry.org 79. Ibid., p. 203. profile.htm, accessed: Richard C. Hall, M.D. et al.,
/kaiser.htm. 18 Mar. 1999. “Physical Illness Presenting as
80. Ibid., p. 191, citing George Psychiatric Disease,” Archives
61. Op. cit., Herb Kutchins, Crane, “Tardive Dyskinesia in 92. Op. cit., Joseph
Stuart A. Kirk, p. 22. Glenmullen, p. 78. of General Psychiatry, Vol. 35,
Patients Treated with Major Nov. 1978, pp. 1315–20; Ivan
62. “Introducing Thomas Neuroleptics: A Review of the 93. Ibid., p. 78. Fras, M.D., Edward M. Litin,
Dorman, M.D.,” Internet Literature,” American Journal of 94. Jim Rosack, “SSRIs M.D., and John S. Pearson,
address: http://www.liberty- Psychiatry, 124, supplement, Called on Carpet over Ph.D., “Comparison of
conferences.com/dorman.htm, 1968, pp. 40–47. Psychiatric Symptoms in
Violence Claims,” Psychiatric
accessed: 27 Mar. 2002. 81. Op. cit., Whitaker, p. 208, News, Vol. 36, No. 19, 5 Oct. Carcinoma of the Pancreas
63. Paula J. Caplan, Ph.D., citing estimates of incidence 2001. with Those in Some Other
They Say You’re Crazy (New rates for NMS vary from 0.2% Intra-abdominal Neoplasms,”
95. Interview with New York
York: Addison-Wesley to 1.4%. At a rate of 0.8%, that American Journal of Psychiatry,
State Dept. of Law, Medicaid
Publishing Company, 1995), would mean approx. 24,000 Vol. 123, No. 12, June 1967,
Fraud Control Unit, 15 Dec.
pp. 221–222. cases annually from the 1960s pp. 1553–62.
1995, regarding 1995 health
64. Op. Cit., Valenstein, Ph.D., to the 1980s (with 3 million
care fraud convictions in 1995 104. “Attitude objectives,”
pp. 147–148. Americans on the drugs), with
and 1992 report, “Special Core Curriculum in Psychiatry
total deaths of 5,280 (24,000 x
65. Steven Miran, M.D., Prosecutor Arrests Westchester for Medical Students (1996),
22% mortality rate) annually.
“Testimony of the APA before Psychiatrist—NY State WPA website,
Over a 22 year period, that
the House Subcommittee on Employee—In $8200 Medicaid http://www.wpanet.org/
would lead to more than
Labor, Health & Human fraud,” Special Prosecutor for sectorial/edu5-1.html.
100,000 deaths. At 0.4%, the
Services and Education Medicaid Fraud Control News 105. Ahmed Mohit, Psychiatry
number would be 50,000.
Appropriations,” 5 Apr. 2000. release, 6 Feb. 1992; Gilbert and Mental Health for Developing
82. Op. cit., Whitaker, pp. Geis, Ph.D., et. al., “Fraud and
66. Op. cit., David Healy, Countries, Challenges for the 21st
227–228, citing L. Jeff, “The Abuse of Government Medical
p. 174. Century, Jan. 25–28, 2001, p. 4;
International Pilot Study of Benefit Programs by
Schizophrenia: Five-Year World Federation for Medical
67. Op. cit., Elliot S. Valenstein, Psychiatrists,” Am. J. Psychiatry,
Follow-Up Findings,” Education website,
p. 4. 142:2, Feb. 1998, p. 231.
Psychological Medicine 22 http://www.sund.ku.dk/wfme.
68. Ibid., p. 125. 96. Kenneth Pope, “Sex
(1992), pp. 131–145; Assen 106. David B. Stein, Ph.D.,
69. Op. cit., Lisa M. Krieger, Between Therapists and
Jablensky, “Schizophrenia: Ritalin is Not the Answer: A
The Mercury News, 4 May 2004. Clients,” Encyclopedia of
Manifestations, Incidence and Drug-Free, Practical Program for
Women and Gender: Sex
70. Op. cit., Ty C. Colbert, Course in Different Cultures, a Children Diagnosed with ADD
World Health Organization Similarities and Differences and
Ph.D., Rape of the Soul, p. 97. or ADHD (Jossey-Bass, Inc.,
Ten-Country Study,” the Impact of Society on Gender
Publishers, San Francisco,
71. Op. cit. Elliot S. Valenstein, Psychological Medicine, supple- (Academic Press, Oct. 2001).
1999), p. 16.
p. 4. ment (1992) pp. 1–95. 97. Sydney Walker, A Dose of
107. Lorrin M. Koran, Medical
72. Op. cit., David Healy, 83. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker, Sanity: Mind, Medicine and
Evaluation Field Manual,
Intro., p. 5. p. 229. Misdiagnosis (John Wiley &
Department of Psychiatry and
Sons, Inc., NY, 1996), p. 132.
73. Op. cit., Joseph 84. Ibid., pp. 253–254. Behavioral Sciences, Stanford
Glenmullen, p. 195. 98. Martin L. Gross, The University Medical Center,
85. Ibid., p. 258. Psychological Society, A Critical California, 1991, p. 4.
74. J. Allan Hobson &
86. Edward G. Ezrailson, Analysis of Psychiatry,
Jonathan A. Leonard, Out of Its 108. Tomas Bjorkman, “Many
Ph.D., Report on Review of Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis
Mind, Psychiatry in Crisis, A Wrongs in Psychiatric Care,”
Andrea Yates’ Medical and the Psychological Revolution
Call for Reform (Perseus Dagens Nyheter, 25 Jan. 1998.
Records, (Simon and Schuster, New
Publishing, Cambridge,
29 Mar. 2002. York, 1978), p. 46. 109. Thomas Dorman,
Massachusetts, 2001) p. 125.
“Toxic Psychiatry,” Thomas
87. Op. cit., Robert Whitaker, 99. “Czech health care corrup-
75. Diagnostic and Statistical Dorman’s website, 29 Jan.
pp. 182, 186. tion widespread, experts say,”
Manual of Mental Disorders II 2002, Internet address:
Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Oct.
(American Psychiatric 88. Ibid., p. 188. http://www.dormanpub.com,
10, 2001.
Association, Washington, D.C., 89. Charles Medawar, accessed: 27 Mar. 2002.
1968), p. ix. 100. “Physicians Disciplined
“Antidepressants Hooked on 110. Op. cit., Dr. Paul Runge.
76. Ty C. Colbert, Ph.D., the Happy Drug,” What for Sex-Related Offenses,”
Christine E. Dehlendorf, BSc, 111. Op. cit., Parliamentary
Blaming the Genes (Kevco Doctors Don’t Tell You, Vol. 8.,
Sidney M. Wolfe, M.D., JAMA, Assembly Council of Europe
Books, California, 2001), p. 73. No. 11, Mar. 1998, p. 3.
17 June 1998, Vol. 279, No. 23. Preliminary Draft Report, Mar.
77. E. Fuller Torrey, M.D., 90. David Grounds, et. al., 2002, point 19.
Death of Psychiatry (Chilton “Antidepressants and Side 101. Tomas Bjorkman, “Many
Effects,” Australian and New Wrongs in Psychiatric Care,” 112. Op. cit., Dr. Mary Ann
Publications, Pennsylvania,
1974), pp. 10–11. Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Dagens Nyheter, 25 Jan. 1998. Block, pp. 19–20.
78. Robert Whitaker, Mad in Vol. 29, No. 1, 1995. 102. Op. cit., Kenneth Pope. 113. Op. cit., Sydney Walker
America: Bad Science, Bad 91. “Acute Drug Withdrawal,” 103. David E. Sternberg, M.D., III, The Hyperactivity Hoax p. 6.
Medicine, and the Enduring PreMec Medicines Information “Testing for Physical Illness in 114. Ibid., p. 12.
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: 6: David Bartruff/Corbis; 21: Gabe Palmer/Corbis; 24: Najlah Feanny/Corbis; 27: Reuters News Media Inc./Corbis; NewsPix (NZ);
The Sankei Shimbun; AP Wideworld Photos; 30: Jose Luiz Pelaez, Inc./Corbis.
© 2004 CCHR CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS) CCHR CCHR Citizens Commission on Human Rights
Item #18905-17-Japanese

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