ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

• COSMETIC SURGERY
- Rhinoplasty: procedure to correct the nose
- Face Lifts
- Breast Enlargement
- Chemical Face Peeling
- Fat- suctioning Procedures

• DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY
– Thorcoscopy: a cut is made between two ribs and a viewing instrument is inserted
into the chest of the patient.
– Peritoneoscopy: a cut is made in the abdominal wall and a viewing instrument is
inserted into the abdomen of the patient
– Thoracotomy: a cut is made between two ribs and the chest is examined for signs of
cancer.
– Breast lump biopsy
– Microscopic examination

• CURATIVE SURGERY
– Pleurectomy and decortication: surgery to remove part of the pleura and part of the
outside surface of the lungs.
– Pneumonectomy: surgery to remove part of the lung. An incision is made and the
surgeon visually identifies portions of the lung that require removal, and then
removes the problem areas.
– Extrapleural pneumonectomy: surgery to remove the pleura, diaphragm, an entire
lung, and the lining of around the heart. Sometimes chemotherapy drugs are used in
conjunction with this treatment. These drugs are introduced into the chest cavity
during surgery and allowed to "bathe" the area, killing cancer cells.
– Electrosurgery uses high-frequency electrical currents to destroy cancer
cells by means of a cutting action.
– Laser surgery involves using a beam of light is used to destroy cancer
cells. Considered to be more precise than excisional, laser surgery uses a
beam of light to destroy cancer cells. Less scarring and bleeding occur,
though the procedure is more expensive and less surgeons are trained in
it.

• PALLIATIVE SURGERY
– Mesothelioma Surgery
– Thoracentesis: this treatment drains excess fluid from the space between the lung and
the pleura (lung lining). A tube is inserted into the chest and used to remove the fluid.
This treatment is not designed to directly fight mesothelioma; rather, it reduces some
harmful symptoms.
 – Pleurodesis: this technique is used to reduce the build-up of fluid between the lung
and the pleura. Excess fluid is drained from the area and a schlerosing (scaring) agent
is applied. This builds up a layer of scar tissue which reduces the build-up of fluid.
– solitary spinal metastasis: removal of a painful primary or metastatic
tumor mass
– Blalock-Taussig" or "B-T" shunts: systemic to pulmonary shunt

• RECONSTRUCTION SURGERY
– knee reconstructive surgery
– cleft palate repair
– Repairing of crushed bones.
– Reduction of breasts.
– Reconstruction to correct overly large or deformed ears in children

• TRANSPLANT SURGERY
– hip replacement
– lung transplant
– Cornea Tranplant
– 1998: First successful hand transplant (France)
– Kidney Transplant

• AMPUTATION SURGERY
– Symes Amputation: Occasionally an amputation of just the foot can be
performed with a cut through the ankle joint
– Gritti- Stokes Amputation: Amputations through the knee joint or just above the
knee joint
– Limb Amputation
– hemipelvectomy/hindquarter amputation
– Metacarpal Amputation
– Amputation of Digits

ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF RISK

• MAJOR SURGERY
– organ transplant
– removal of a brain tumour
– removal of a damaged kidney
– open-heart surgery
– Correction of bone malformations of the skull and face.
– Correction of problems in fetal development of the lungs, intestines,
diaphragm, or anus.

• MINOR SURGERY
– Tonsillectomy,
– sewing up a cut
 – warts destruction
– Placement of ear tubes.
– Hernia repairs.
ACCORDING TO URGENCY
• EMERGENCY
• IMPERATIVE
• PLANNED OR REQUIRED
– having a spinal fusion to correct severe curvature of the spine
• ELECTIVE
– To remove birthmarks
– Circumcision
• OPTIONAL