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Research Methodology

Self Study Course Content for Ph.D. students : 4 Credits

Unit I Introduction

Meaning and objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches,


Signification of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and
Scientific Method, Research Process, Defining the Research Problem, Criteria of
Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India.

Unit II

Research Design

Meaning and importance of Research Design, Different Research Designs, Sampling


Design, Characteristics of a Good Sample Design, Different Types of Sample
Designs, Statistical Consideration in Sample size and its Determination,
Determination of Samples Size through the Approach Based on Precision Rate and
Confidence Level, Random Samples, Measurement in Research, Measurement
Scales, Important Scaling Techniques

Methods of Data Collection

Collection of Primary Data, Observation Method, Interview Method, Collection of


Secondary Data, Selection of Appropriate Method for Data Collection, Internal
consistency Reliability, Cronbach's alpha. Case Study Method

Unit III

Processing and Analysis of Data

Processing Operations, Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion,


Measures of Relationship, Simple Regression Analysis, Multiple Correlation and
Regression.

Testing of Hypotheses-I (Parametric or Standard Tests of Hypotheses)

Meaning of Hypothesis, Basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses,


Hypothesis Testing of Means, Hypothesis Testing for Differences between Means,
Hypothesis Testing for Comparing Two Related Samples, Hypothesis Testing of
Proportions, Hypothesis Testing for Difference between Proportions.
Unit IV Statistics in Research

Chi-square Test and ANOVA

Chi-square as a Test for Comparing Variance, Chi-square as a Non-parametric Test,


Conditions for the Application of Chi-square Test, Steps Involved in Applying Chi-
square Test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), ANOVA Technique, Setting up Analysis
of Variance Table, Short-cut Method for One-way ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA

SPSS Software

Overview of Data Analysis in SPSS, Factor Analysis , T test and One way analysis of
variance.

Unit V

Interpretation and Report Writing

Meaning of Interpretation, Technique of Interpretation, Precaution in Interpretation,


Significance of Report Writing, Different Steps in Writing Report, Layout of the
Research Report, Types of Reports, Oral Presentation, Precautions for Writing Research
Reports, Conclusions.

Text Books:

1 Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques — New age Int. Publishers


2 Research Methodology: A Guide for Researchers in Management and Social
Sciences, Bill Taylor, Gautam Sinha. Taposh Ghoshal, Prentice-Hall of India
Private Limited. New Delhi
3 Research Methodology - Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman

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