Lighting in Architecture 1 (Ranko Skansi)

27.9.
2010
Lighting in architecture 1
Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.
www.intra-lighting.com
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To create with light
... means to understand unbreakable connection between
light and shadow!
To understand light
...means to understand variables of the nature!
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To live light
...and in a suptile way to introduce it to our own space!
Warm white light
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Cold white light
Contrast
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Contrast in colour
Glare
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Accent
Dynamics
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Dimming
Brightness
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Balance
Colour relation
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Subtle and gentle
Lighting paradox
Light is invisible until it reflects from an object
Form of the object along with intensity, distance and
direction of the light creates new form: SHADOW
SHADOW DEROGATES LIGHT
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Light sources
Natural
Artificial Thermal emission Electrical radiation Luminiscence
Production and sales of the incandescent bulb
DIRECTIVE: 2005/32/EC
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Artificial lighting sources
COMPACTIVITY USAGE EFFICIENCY
Space demand Simplicity Lighting efficiency
User comfort
Luminaire efficiency Life time
(CCT & RI)
Architectural impact Regulability Price
Replacement
Lighting Replacement price
simplicity
New light sources
POWER LED
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New light sources
LED tube
New light sources
Organic LED
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New light sources
Sulphur bulb (PLASMA)
Intensity of the sunlight
center of the
room
shadow
near
below tend window
on the sun
basement
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Illuminance levels
Illumination Example
0,0001 lux Cloudy night without moonlight
0,001 lux Clear night without moonlight
0,01 lux Crescent moon
0,25 lux Clear night – full moon
<1 lux Moonlight
10 ‐ 15 lux Candle at 20 cm
3 ‐ 50 lux Street lighting
100 lux Standard livingroom
400 lux Sunrise or a sunset on a clear day
300 ‐ 500 lux Office lighting
750 lux Halogen bulb
1.000 lux Sunlight 1 hour before dawn
32.000 lux Sunlight – overcast sky (min.)
100.000 lux Sunlight – clear sky (max)
Correlated Colour Temperature
SOURCE CCT
DUSK / SUNSET 1000
CANDLE 1500 K
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM 2000 – 3000 K
40W INCANDESCENT BULB 2680 K
TUNGSTEN / HALOGEN BULB 2900 – 3200 K
MORNING / AFTERNOON 3200 K
LINEAR FLUO TUBE 3000 – 6500 K
METAL HALIDE LAMP 2800 – 6000 K
XENON LAMP / ARC 4500 – 5000 K
NOON SUNLIGHT (OVERCAST) 5500 K
DAYLIGHT 6500 – 7500 K
POLAR DAYLIGHT 9000 – 12000 K
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Adaptation
Moonlight
Starlight
Basic lighting tasks
Mood
Atmosphere
Emotions
Working Visual comfort
efficiency
Lighting
Social
Aesthetics
communication
Health
Safety
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Lighting quality
• Visibility
Function • Clarity
• Glare free
• Create
Aesthetics • Highlight
• Reveal
Lighting quality
• Uniformity
Performance • Glare
• Intensity
• Model
Ambient • CCT
• Direction
• Colour rendering
Pleasure • Contrast
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Comfort
Lighting effect ‐ intensity
Sharpness of the vision
Lighting intensity [lux]
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Need for light ‐ age
Lighting effect ‐ school
Good notification 15,9 %
Logical thinking 9,4 %
Fast & Acc. Calcul. 5,0 %
Concentration 45 %
Fast & Acc. Reading 35 %
‐ 76 % Fatigue and tiredness
80 0 10 20 30 40
[%]
Increasing of illumination from 90 to 500 lx Dynamic lighting in schools
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www.intra-lighting.com Daylight
Benefits of daylight
• Harvesting an already
existing source of light.
• Humans have a long
standing relationship with
daylight
– Light texture (reflections)
– Light quantity (obstacles)
– Color rendering capabilities
– Color temperature
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Benefits of daylight
• Daylight sets the standard
for what humans expect
from electric lighting.
• Daylight is dynamic,
constantly changing, day,
season, weather.
Daylighting and loose ends
• Identify the two major
flavors of daylight:
• Functional Daylight
– Controlled
– Directed
– Can replace entire system of
electric light
– Requires architectural
forethought coordination
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“Arome” dnevnog svjetla
• Decorative Daylight
– Dramatic and impressive
– Often compromises usability
and comfort for impact.
– Typically used in high‐design
spaces
Balance the use of functional and decorative daylight,
just like you balance diffuse and directional electric light.
Conceptual design
• Decisions regarding
The Genzyme Center
• Siting Cambridge, MA
• Orientation
• Proportions
• Shape
• Apertures
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Design Phase
• Facade details
• Interior finishes
• Integration of systems and services
Beijing airport
Construction & Commisioning
• Selection of materials
• Detailing of lighting systems
• Calibration and Measurement
• Maintenance
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Designing the Light
Basic principles
LIGHTING
PLACES PEOPLE
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Quality lighting
context of knowledge and possibilities
Quality lighting
Sinergy that guarantees ultimate goal – satisfaction of the customer
AESTHETICS
Lighting defines an ambient
Lighting has to be compatible to the rest of
Interior
Luminaires design in line with the rest of
space
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Quality lighting
FUNCTION
Besides atmosphere, lighting has to be
functional
Scenarios
Simple user control
Quality lighting
EMOTIONS
Fulfillment of the atmosphere in the space
Different lighting levels
Combination of different CCT’s and luminaire
positions
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Quality lighting
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
Moderation in luminaire number
Well studied selection of light sources
Optimization of the energy consumption
Quality lighting
DAYLIGHT
Maximal usage of the Daylighting
Balance between Daylighting and artificial
lighting
Switching off luminaires close to the window
during the day
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Quality lighting
CONTROL
Automatic control
Presence sensor Æ switching off when
nobody is present
Daylight sensor Æ switching off during
the day
Savings up to 60% !
Combination with other automatic systems
(shades, ..)
Lighting vs. Activity
RELAXATION COMMUNICATION CONCENTRATION
Warm Light Cold Light Cold Light
Medium Intensity Medium Intensity High Intensity
More small sources Combination of sources Few sources
Dinamismo statico – Politecnico di Milano
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10 Rules for good lighting

1. Adequate illuminance
The performance of the human eye largely depends on the level of
illuminance in the visual field.
As illuminance increases, motivation and overall performance are
also enhanced, while the tendency to make mistakes declines.
Rothschild, Dubai

2. Harmonious distribution of luminance
A balanced distribution of luminance on the various surfaces makes
an interior visually interesting.
Inadequate or excessive contrast, on the other hand, causes visual
strain and fatigue..
GiGo Design, Ljubljana, Slovenija
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3. Adequate glare control
Glare in an interior is rarely so severe that visual performance is
significantly reduced, but it can be irritating and cause eye strain.
High school for health, Celje, Slovenija

4. Good contrast rendition
Contrast is necessary for the human eye to be able to discriminate
between objects and their background.
A lighting system with good contrast rendition does not cause
reflected glare even on shiny surfaces and documents, so that
text is easy to read even on glossy paper.
www.intra-lighting.com Noor Islamic Bank, Dubai
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5. The right direction of incidence
The direction of incidence of light is important for Contrast
Rendition, as it determines the angle at which any reflections can
be seen.
It influences the distribution of light and shadow, which is the key to
three‐dimensional vision on the one hand, and can be irritating
or even dangerous in the case of heavy shadows, on the other.
Atlantis, Ljubljana

6. Pleasant shadow conditions
Shadows reinforce three‐dimensional vision and facilitate
orientation. Good shadow conditions are the product of an
effective combination of diffuse light and directed light.
Sunny Studio, Ljubljana, Slovenija
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7. Suitable color appearance
In the course of the day the light appearance of natural daylight
changes. Artificial light can also be produced with different light
appearances or colors so as to support various lighting functions
and moods.
Arki, Dubai

8. Natural color rendition
Only the spectral colors that are contained in the incident light can
be reflected by an object and perceived by the human eye.
Color Rendition is a measure of the ability of an artificial light source
to show the natural colors of an object.
Volksbank, Ljubljana
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9. Effective lighting atmosphere
Light affects our mood and feeling of wellbeing. The result is a
subjective, more or less unconscious impression of an interior
and its light. This aspect of good lighting planning also requires a
degree of experience with the interplay of the various factors
and a fine feeling for good light.
positive lighting atmosphere for the working environment
Mediahouse, Stavanger, Norway

10. Efficient energy consumption
A basic requirement for modern lighting planning is the careful and
economical use of energy. The various solutions now available
relate not only to new installations, however, but also to
retrofitting and refurbishing old and inefficient systems.
Zemono, Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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Controlling the light
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Colours and Emotions
GREEN (supports):
Balance, Harmony, Love, Communication, Social, Nature, Acceptance
INDIGO BLUE (increases):
Calmness, Peace, Love, Honesty, Kindness, Truth, Inner Peace, Emotnl depth
VIOLET (stimulates):
Intuition, Immagination, Universal Flow, Meditation, Artistic qualities
RED (increases):
Phisycal energy, Vitality, Spontaneity, Stability, Passion
ORANGE (stimulates):
Creativity, Productivity, Pleasure, Optimism, Enthusiasm, Emotional
expression
YELLOW (increases)
Fun, Humor, Lightness, Personal power, Intelect, Logic, Creativity
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Ranko Skansi, M.Sc.
+385 99 2173 522
ranko.skansi@intra‐lighting.com
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Materials used are property of: INTRA‐LIGHTING, iGUZZINI, PHILIPS, GE, LUMENART, as well as from private property of the author.
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Lighting in Architecture 1 (Ranko Skansi)

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27.9.

COMPACTIVITY USAGE EFFICIENCY

Space demand Simplicity Lighting efficiency

Architectural impact Regulability Price

RELAXATION COMMUNICATION CONCENTRATION

Warm Light Cold Light Cold Light

Medium Intensity Medium Intensity High Intensity

More small sources Combination of sources Few sources

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

10 Rules for good lighting

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