UNIVERSITI BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

PP 0270: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

VIRTUAL EXPERIMENT SCIENCE AND CONCEPT

MAP

DONE BY:

PG NUR AL’AIN BINTI PG HJ JALALUDIN (10D0030)

LECTURER:

DR LEONG YONG PAK

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Food chains

Introduction

Food chains connect all organisms. If a creature's food source is

changed in any way, the creature's life changes too.

You can see how the feeding relationships between animals, plants
and humans work.

This section includes:

• Animals and plants are linked by Food Chains

• Producers and Consumers

• Prey and Predators

Animals and plants are linked by food chains

Animals get energy and nutrients by eating other animals or plants.

For example

• caterpillars eat leaves

• small birds eat caterpillars

• owls eat small birds

• eagles eat owls

These links between animals and plants are called food chains.
Nearly all food chains start with a green plant.

Changes to food chains

If one part of a food chain alters, the whole food chain is affected. For
example, if a disease suddenly wiped out caterpillars, it would affect owls,
eagles and many other animals.

Most animals and plants are part of more than one food chain shown in Figure
1.

Done by: Pg Nur Al’Ain Binti Pg Hj Jalaludin – 10D0030 2

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Figure 1

Producers and consumers

Plants are called producers because they make their own food. They are at
the start of a food chain.
Animals are called consumers because they eat other plants and animals, it is
shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2

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Prey and predators

A predator is an animal that eats other animals.

Background information:
All animals need food and water to survive. When the food or water is
destroyed or polluted it will cause a reaction to occur in the food chain.

For example: If the Ospreys were to eat eels that are sick because of polluted
water, the birds would eat the poison too by eating the sick eel. If the ospreys
eat too many sick eels the ospreys would become weak and would cause the
osprey to be in danger of becoming extinct or force the osprey to leave the
area to find other prey.

The animals that predators eat are called prey. It is shown in Figure 3

Figure 3

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Concept map

Question:

1. What is a food chain?

2. Why do food chains and food webs start with green plants?
3. What do you always find at the start of a food chain or web?

Done by: Pg Nur Al’Ain Binti Pg Hj Jalaludin – 10D0030 5