Marking scheme for Sec 3 End of Year Chemistry Examination 2000

Section A

B 11 B 21 A

2 B 12 B 22 C

3 A 13 C 23 C

4 A 14 0 24 0

5 C 15 0 25 B

6 A 16 C 26 B

7 B 17 0 27 B

8 C 18 A 28 B

9 A 19 B 29 A

10 C 20 0 30 B

Section 8

1(a) (i) Filtration (1 )

(i i) Simple distillation (1 )

(i ii) Fractional distillation (1 )

(b) (i) B (1 )

(i i) 0 (1 )

(i ii) C (1 )

(c) (i ) Pencil lead will not undergo chromatography.)

Pencil lead insoluble in solvent. )
Ink from pen dissolves in solvent. )Either one(1)
Ink from pen undergoes chromatography )

(ii) To allow enough time for solutes to separate)

To ensure complete or maximum separation )Either one (1)
To ensure accurate Rf values )
2(a)
69 71
Isotopes Ga Ga
:\1 :\1

Number of protons 31 31

Number of neutrons 38 40

Number of electrons 31 31

4 correct - 2 marks; 2 -3 correct - 1 mark; o or 1 correct - 0 mark

(b) Isotopes are atoms of the same element having the same
proton number but different neutron number. (1 )

(c) Ar of Gallium = (0.6 X 69) + (0.4 X 71) (1 )

= 69.8 (1 )

3(a)(i) Six (1 )

(ii) Se 2- (1 )

(iii) Acidic oxide. It is a non-metallic oxide. (2)

(iv) Se 0
71.2 28.8

71.2 28.8
79 16

0.901 1.8
1 2

Empirical Formula = Se02 [2]

3b(i)

[2]

(i i) It has low b.p . (1 )

It does not conduct electricity. (1 )- Any two of three points

2
 Gas at room temperature (1) Max 2 marks
4(a) No of moles = 28/56 = 0.5 mole (1 )
Concentration = 0.5/2 = 0.25 mol/dm
3
(1 )

(b) MaVa =
MbVb (1 )

Volume of HCI, Va = 0.25 X 2 (1 )

0.25

5(a) The colourless solution turns brownish/Brown colour seen (1)

(1 )

(b) Effervescence seen/K 2 C0 3 dissolves/Colourless solution forms (1)

Carbon dioxide given off. (1 )

(1 )

6 (a) Rare gases/ Noble gases/Gp 0 or VIII (1 )

(b)(i) Violent reaction or explosion (1 )

Effervescence seen (1) - Any two points of max 2 marks
Rubidium dissolves (1 )
Heat and Light seen (1 )

(ii) Rubidium is more reactive than lithium. (1 )

The valency electron of rubidium is further away from the
nucleus than that of lithium, hence more reactive than lithium. (1 )
or
Rubidium loses its valency electron more readily than lithium.

(i ii)

(iv) There is no change in oxidation number of the elements (1 )

7
(a) + 2HCI(aq) ZnCb(aq) +

1 mole of Zinc react with 2 moles of HCI

No of moles of HCI reacted = 0.2 X 0.25 = 0.05 (1 )

No of moles of Zinc reacted = 0.05/2 = 0.025

Mass of Zinc powder reacted = 0.025 x 65 = 1.63 g (1 )

3
 Mass of excess zinc unreacted = 13 - 1.625 = 11.4g (1 )

(b) The excess zinc powder is removed by filtration. (1 )

(c) To ensure all Hel acid reacted or used up. (1 )

(d) Copper cannot displace hydrogen from the acid. (1 )

8 (a) The bulb lights up brighter. (1 )

This is due to the bigger difference in the position of the metals
in the reactivity series. (1 )

(b) The bulb does not light up. (1 )

Both electrodes are made of the same metals (1 )

Section C

(a)
(i) The particles in gases are far apart. [1 ]
(ii) Heat energy is absorbed [1 ]
to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles. [1 ]
(b)
• Air is cooled to
• freeze and remove water vapour and carbon dioxide.
• The air liquefied by pressure / compressed with pumps and allowed
to expand suddenly.
• Liquid air undergoes fractional distillation.
• Liquid air is heated and boiled.
• Oxygen boils and is separated from other gases based on different
boiling points. [3]

6 pts: 3m 4-5 pts: 2m

2-3 pts: 1m 0-1 pts: Om
(c)
[1] Add lead( II) oxide to nitric acid
• If excess acid used, no need to mention filtration.
/ if excess lead(ll) oxide used, must filter mixture.
[1] Add potassium iodide solution to filtrate / lead(ll) nitrate solution.
• Filter mixture.
• Wash residue with cold distilled water.
• Dry residue between pieces of filter paper. [4]

4 .: 2m 2-3 .: 1m 0-1 .: Om

4
2 (a)
(i) transition metal [1]

(ii) high density / variable valency and oxidation states in compounds [1]

(b)
(i)

(i i) Iron loses electrons to form Fe 3 + / Iron atom loses 3 electrons. [1]

(i ii) Oxygen is absent at the bottom of the ocean. [1]

(c)
(i) Tin is a much less reactive metal than iron and does not corrode easily/
Tin acts as a protective coat, preventing water and air from reaching the steel
can. [1]

(i i) Coating is damaged/scratches when can is dented. [1 ]

Iron exposed to air and moisture will rust. [1 ]

(ii i) Galvanising, sacrificial protection -- attach a block of more reactive metal to

iron, coat with grease/paint/plastic, chromium plating. (any 2) [2]

3 (a)
(i) A pollutant is a substance that is harmful to the environment / cause harm
to people, animals, plants, buildings and machinery. [1]

(ii) carbon monoxide --- from incomplete combustion of carbon/carbon-

containing substances / petrol (wrong: fuel) [1]
oxides of nitrogen --- nitrogen reacting with air / oxygen due to high
temperature / formed during lightning of forest fires. [1]

(iii) Carbon monoxide forms carboxyhaemoglobin [1]

which prevents blood from absorbing oxygen. [1]

(b)
(i) Energy required to break all bonds in reactants
= 4(390)+163+2(158) = 2039kJ [1]

Energy evolved when bonds in products are formed

= 945 + 4 (565) = 3 205 kJ [1 ]

6H = - 1 166 kJ/mol [1 ]

(i i) fluorine [1 ]

5
Fluorine releases more energy (per mole of hydrazine) than oxygen. [1]