Time

• Calendar
• Chronometer
• Clock
• Atomic clock
• Radiometric dating

Timeline of time measurement technology

For other uses, see Clock (disambiguation). ...

Length (i.e., distance)

• Altimeter, height
• Architect's scale
• Caliper
• Electronic distance meter
• Engineer's scale
• Gauge blocks
• GPS
• Interferometer
• Laser rangefinder
• Micrometer
• Odometer
• Opisometer
• Rule
• Surveyor's wheel
• Tachymeter
• Tape measure
• Taximeter, measure usually includes a time component as well
• Ultrasound distance measure

A tachymeter (also tachymetre or tacheometer) is a kind of theodolite used for rapid

measurements and determines, electronically or electro-optically, the distance to target, and is
highly automated in its operations. ... Self-retracting pocket tape measure plastic tape
measure A tape measure or measuring tape is a ribbon of cloth, plastic, or metal with linear-
measure markings, often in both imperial and metric units. ... A taximeter is a mechanical or
electronic device installed in taxicabs, similar to an odometer, which calculates passenger
fares based on a combination of distance travelled and waiting time. ...

Area

• Planimeter

This article is about the physical quantity. ... A planimeter is a measuring instrument used to
measure the surface area of an arbitrary two-dimensional shape. ...

Level
 • Spirit level
• Laser line level
• Dumpy level
• Tiltmeter

Look up level in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A spirit level A spirit level or bubble
level is an instrument designed to indicate whether a surface is level or plumb. ... Typical
consumer laser line level using spirit levels for three planes and including a digital stud
sensor display. ... Dumpy level in use on a construction site Leveler for use by hand A dumpy
level, builders auto level, leveling instrument or automatic level is an optical instrument used
in surveying and building to transfer, measure, or set horizontal levels. ... A tiltmeter is an
instrument designed to measure very small changes from the horizontal level, either on the
ground or in structures. ...

Volume

• Graduated cylinder (liquids)

• Pipette (liquids)
• Flow measurement devices(liquids)
• pneumatic trough (gases)
• overflow trough (solids)
• bouyant weight (solids)

(if the mass density of a solid is known, weighing allows to calculate the volume) For other
uses, see Volume (disambiguation). ... right|thumb|100px|Graduated cylinder. ... This article
is about the laboratory instrument. ... Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid or
gas movement. ...

Speed

• Speedometer
• Tachometer (speed of rotation)
• Tachymeter
• Airspeed indicator

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Speedometer gauge on a car, showing
the speed of the vehicle in miles and kilometres per hour on the out– and inside
respectively. ... Tachometer showing engine RPM (revolutions per minute), and a redline
from 6000 and 7000 RPM. A tachometer is an instrument that measures the speed of rotation
of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. ... A tachymeter (also tachymetre or
tacheometer) is a kind of theodolite used for rapid measurements and determines,
electronically or electro-optically, the distance to target, and is highly automated in its
operations. ... Airspeed Indicator in a light aircraft The airspeed indicator or airspeed gauge is
an instrument used in an aircraft to display the crafts airspeed, typically in knots, to the
pilot. ...

Angle
 • Cross staff
• Quadrant
• Reflecting instruments
o Octant
o Sextant
o Reflecting circles
• Repeating circles
• Protractor
• Theodolite
• Graphometer
• Circumferentor

This article is about angles in geometry. ... A Jacobs staff, from John Sellers Practical
Navigation (1672) In surveying, the Jacobs staff or cross-staff is a single straight rod or staff,
pointed and iron-shod at the bottom, for penetrating the ground. ... A quadrant is an
instrument that is used to measure angles up to 90°. // There are several types of quadrants:
Mural quadrants used for measuring the altitudes of astronomical objects. ... Octant Octant is
a measuring instrument similar to a sextant. ... A sextant is a measuring instrument generally
used to measure the angle of elevation of a celestial object above the horizon. ... The term
protractor is used both in technics and surgery. ... An optical theodolite, manufactured in the
Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. ... Drawing of a circumferentor
from the Cyclopaedia A circumferentor, or surveyors compass, is an instrument used in
surveying to measure horizontal angles, now superseded by the theodolite. ...

angular velocity or rotations per time unit

• Stroboscope
• Tachometer

Angular velocity describes the speed of rotation and the orientation of the instantaneous axis
about which the rotation occurs. ... A stroboscope , also known as a strobe, is an instrument
used to make a cyclically moving object appear to be slow-moving or stationary. ...
Tachometer showing engine RPM (revolutions per minute), and a redline from 6000 and
7000 RPM. A tachometer is an instrument that measures the speed of rotation of a shaft or
disk, as in a motor or other machine. ...

Mass

• Balance
• Weighing scales
• Automatic checkweighing machines
• Mass spectrometer
• Katharometer

For other uses, see Mass (disambiguation). ... Digital kitchen scales. ... Digital kitchen
scales. ... Mass spectrometry is a technique for separating ions by their mass-to-charge (m/z)
ratios. ... A katharometer is an instrument for determining the composition of a gas
mixture. ...
Linear momentum

• Ballistic pendulum
• Torsion balance

In physics, momentum is a physical quantity related to the velocity and mass of an object. ...
A torsion spring is a ribbon, bar, or coil that reacts against twisting motion. ...

Pressure

• Barometer
• Manometer
• Pitot tube (used to determine speed)
• Anemometer (used to determine wind speed)
• Tire-pressure gauge in industry and mobility
• Sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure meter used to determine blood pressure in
medicine

Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology

This article is about pressure in the physical sciences. ... A barometer is an instrument used to
measure atmospheric pressure. ... A manometer is a pressure measuring instrument, often also
called pressure gauge. ... A Pitot tube is a measuring instrument used to measure fluid
flow. ... A hemispherical cup anemometer of the type invented in 2000 by John Thomas
Romney Robinson An anemometer is a device for measuring the velocity or the pressure of
the wind, and is one instrument used in a weather station. ... This article does not cite any
references or sources. ... A tire pressure gauge is used to measure the pressure of tires on a
vehicle. ... BP 126/70 mmHg as result on electronic sphygmomanometer A
sphygmomanometer (often condensed to sphygmometer[1]) or blood pressure meter is a
device used to measure blood pressure, comprising an inflatable cuff to restrict blood flow,
and a mercury or mechanical manometer to measure the pressure. ... A sphygmomanometer, a
device used for measuring arterial pressure. ... Timeline of temperature and pressure
measurement technology 1592 - Galileo Galilei builds a crude thermometer using the
contraction of air to draw water up a tube 1612 - Santorre Santorio puts thermometer to
medical use 1643 - Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer 1714 - Daniel
Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the mercury in glass thermometer...

Flow measurement

• Water Meter
• Gas Meter
• Metering pump
• Mass flow meter

Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid or gas movement. ... A typical
residential water meter A water meter is a device used to measure water usage. ... A
residential gas meter of the usual diaphragm style A gas meter is used to measure the flow of
fuel gases such as natural gas and propane. ... A Metering pump is a pump used to pump
liquids at adjustable flow rates which are precise when averaged over time. ... A mass flow
meter, also known as inertial flow meter and coriolis flow meter, is a device that measures
how much liquid is flowing through a tube. ...

Angular momentum

This gyroscope remains upright while spinning due to its angular momentum. ...

Torque

• De Prony brake

For other senses of this word, see torque (disambiguation). ... The Prony Brake is a simple
device invented by Gaspard de Prony to measure the torque produced by an engine. ...

Temperature

• Thermometer
• Resistance thermometer principle: relation between temperature and electrical
resistance of metals (platinum) (Electrical resistance), range: 10 kelvins to 1000
kelvins, application in physics and industry
• Thermistors principle: relation between temperature and electrical resistance of
ceramics or polymers, range: from about 0.01 kelvin to 2,000 kelvins (-273.14°C to
1,700°C)
• Thermocouples principle: relation between temperature and voltage of metal junctions
(Seebeck effect), range: from about −200 °C to +1350 °C
• Pyrometers principle: temperature dependence of spectral intensity of light (Planck's
law), range: from about -50°C to +4000°C, note: measurement of thermal radiation
(instead of thermal conduction, or thermal convection) means no physical contact
necessary in temperature measurement (pyrometry). note: thermal space resolution
found in Thermography
• Electromagnetic spectroscopy
• Pyranometer principle: solar radiation flux density relates to surface temperature
(Stefan–Boltzmann law)

For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... A clinical mercury thermometer A
thermometer is a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient, using a variety of
different principles. ... Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors
(RTDs), are temperature sensors that exploit the predictable change in electrical resistance of
some materials with changing temperature. ... Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree
to which an electrical component opposes the passage of current. ... NTC thermistor, bead
type, insulated wires Thermistor symbol A thermistor is a type of resistor used to measure
temperature changes, relying on the change in its resistance with changing temperature. ... In
electronics, thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor and can also be used
as a means to convert thermal potential difference into electric potential difference. ... The
Peltier-Seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect, is the direct conversion of heat differentials to
electric voltage and vice versa. ... A pyrometer is a temperature measuring device, which may
consist of several different arrangements. ... Black body spectrum For a general introduction,
see black body. ... For other uses, see Radiation (disambiguation). ... Heat conduction or
thermal conduction is the spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter, from a
region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, and acts to equalize
temperature differences. ... Convection in the most general terms refers to the movement of
currents within fluids (i. ... Pyrometry is the art of non-contact measuring of the temperature
of a heated object, by means of measuring the objects self emission and emissivity. ... This
article is about the infrared imaging technique. ... Electromagnetic spectroscopy a. ... A
pyranometer is a type of actinometer used to measure broadband solar irradiance on a planar
surface. ... The Stefan-Boltzmann law, also known as Stefans law, states that the total energy
radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time (known variously as the black-body
irradiance, energy flux density, radiant flux, or the emissive power), j*, is directly
proportional to the fourth...

Heat

• Calorimeter
• Actinometer ()

For other uses, see Heat (disambiguation) In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy
transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in temperature. ... A
calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical
reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. ... Actinometers are instruments used
to measure the heating power of radiation. ...

Substance content in mixtures

• gas detector
• oxygen sensor (= lambda sond)
• CO2 sensor
• mass spectrometer
• chromatographic device

Look up substance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Overview Mixtures are multi-rank
organ stops most commonly of principal, or diapason, tone quality. ... // An oxygen sensor is
an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being
analyzed. ... A CO2 sensor is an instrument for the measurement of carbon dioxide gas. ...
Mass spectrometry (previously called mass spectroscopy (deprecated) or informally, mass-
spec and MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... For
the Second Person album, see Chromatography (album). ...

pH: Concentration of Protons in a Solution

• Saturated calomel electrode

• pH meter

For other uses, see PH (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Concentration
(disambiguation). ... The Saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is a reference electrode which
uses the reaction between mercury metal and mercury(I) chloride, to fix its potential. ... A pH
meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the pH (acidity or basicity) of a liquid
(though special probes are sometimes used to measure the pH of semi-solid substances, such
as cheese). ...

Humidity: Density of Water in Air

 • Hygrometer

The term humidity is usually taken in daily language to refer to relative humidity. ... For other
uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... The interior of a Stevenson screen showing a
motorized psychrometer Hygrometers are instruments used for measuring humidity. ...

Density

• Aerometer
• Pycnometer

For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... An aerometer is a scientific instrument used
to measure the weight and density of a gas or liquid. ... The pycnometer or pyknometer is a
device used for measuring fluid density, also known as a specific gravity bottle. ...

Hardness

• Durometer

A durometer is a tool used to measure hardness. ...

Radiation

• Geiger counter
• Nichols radiometer

For other uses, see Radiation (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any
references or sources. ... A Nichols radiometer is the apparatus used by Nichols and Hull in
1901 for the measurement of radiation pressure. ...

Light

• Photometer
• Spectrometer

For other uses, see Light (disambiguation). ... In the broadest sense, a photometer is any
instrument used to measure illuminance or irradiance. ... Spectrometer A spectrometer is an
optical instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. ...

Sound

• Sound level meter

This article is about audible acoustic waves. ... Sound level meters measure sound pressure
level and are commonly used in noise pollution studies for the quantification of almost any
noise, but especially for industrial, environmental and aircraft noise. ...

Electronic test equipment

These are instruments used for measuring electrical properties. Also see meter (electronics).
Back to Electronics A Tektronix model 475A portable analogue oscilloscope Electronic test
equipment (sometimes called testgear) is used to create stimulus signals and capture
responses from electronic Devices Under Test (DUTs). ... In electronics, there are many types
of meters used for different functions. ...

• Electrometer (measures charge)

• Ammeter (measures electrical current)
• Galvanometer (measures current)
• Ohmmeter (measures resistance)
• Voltmeter (measures voltage)
• Wheatstone bridge
• Multimeter (measures all of the above)
• Oscilloscope
• Watt meter (measures power)
• Electric energy meter (measures energy)
• Electricity meter (measures kWh usage)