T h e Scientific Basis of the Predictive

Art commonly called Astrology : to

which is added a Complete Set of

Tables with Emendations and New

Rules for the use of Students.

By " SEPHARIAL "

Author of The Manual of Astrology, Lectures on Astrology,
Hindu Astrology after Pardshara, etc.

L. N. FOWLER,
7, IMPERIAL
ARCADE,LUDGATE CIRCUS,E.C.
 CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I. The Use of an Ephemeris.-Nautical Almanack. T h e

Speculum ; Latitude ; Declination ; Rt. Ascension ; Meridian
Distance ; Semi-arc ; Horizontal Arc ; Cuspal Distance ; Use of
Tables ; Proportional Logarithms.
CHAPTER n. The Horoscope of King Edward VII.-Figure of
Heavens at Nativity; Speculum of Planets' Elements; Signs of
Accession.
CHAPTER 111. Primary Directions,-Vhat a Direction is ; Mun-
dane Directions ; Zodiacal Directions ; How Arcs are formed ;
Illustration of Planetary Arcs ; Direct and Converse Directions.
CHAPTER IV. Mundane Directions.-The Conjunction in Mundo ;
Examples : Venus to conjunction Moon ; Sun to conjunction
Jupiter ; Uranus to conjunction Ascendant ; Saturn to conjunction
Mid-heaven.
CHAPTER V. Aspects in Mu?ido.-How measured ; Examples :
Sun to trine Neptune; opposition and sesquiquadrate aspect of same ;
Converse Solar directions to Neptune; Why converse directions
cannot be pre-natal as asserted ; Saturn to Aspects of Ascendant ;
Venus to Aspects of Mid-heaven; Mid-heaven to Aspects of the
S u n in Mundo.
CHAPTERVI. Parallels in Muttdo.-The nature of Mundane
I
Parallels ; Validity of Horizontal Parallels ; Examples : upiter to
parallel Moon ; Moon to parallel Jupiter ; Sun to orizontal
parallel Neptune; Sun to horizontal parallel Saturn.
CHAPTERVII. Rapt Parallels.-Direct and Converse Parallels ;
Rule to compute Rapt Parallels; Examples : Moon and Saturn to
Rapt Parallel on upper meridian ; Moon and Sun to Rapt Parallel
on the same ; Sun to Rapt Horizontal Parallel : Jupiter to Rapt
Horizontal Parallel.
CHAPTER VIII. Zodiacal Directions.-Similar to Mundane Direc-
tions ; direct and converse ; Why Parallels are not valid.
CHAPTERIX. Conjunctions in Zodiac.-Method of directing;
Examples : Mid-heaven to conjunct Moon in Zodiac; Mid-heaven
to conjunct Saturn ; Ascendant to conjunct Uranus ; Ascendant to
conjunct Sun ; Venus to conjunct Moon ; Sun to conjunct Saturn ;
An unique direction of Moon to conjunct Moon.
CHAPTER X. Aspects in Zodiac.-Aspects of longitudes ; Method
of directing ; Examples: Mid-heaven square Moon in Zodiac ; Mid-
heaven sextile Sun ; Ascendant sextile Jupiter ; Ascendant opposi-
tion Moon ; Sun to opposition Neptune ; Moon to square Sun ;
Venus to sextile Moon ; Direct and converse directions.
CHAPTERXI. Order of Directing. Necessity for Method i n
work ; Order of Procedure ; Mundane category ; Zodiacal category ;
Use of terms Mid-heaven and- Meridian, Ascendant and Horizon ;
Concluding remarks.
CHAPTERXII. Effects of Directions.-House position ; Good and
evil aspects ; Significators : Mid-heaven, Sun, Moon, Ascendant ;
Effects of Uranus' directions; Saturn's effects-Jupiter's, Mar's,
Venus's; Effects of Sun, Moon, and Mercury; The Measure of
Time ; When directions operate.
CHAPTERXIII. S1mnaary.-Sir Isaac Newton, Kepler, Tycho
Brahe in relation to Astrology ; Every Astrologer in honourable
company. *
CHAPTERXIV. The Part of Fortune.-An Ancient Symbol ; its
signification ; How to calculate its position in the Prime Vertical;
Example from Royal Horoscope; Serni-arc of Part of Fortune;
Examjles of directions to Part of Fortune ; Jupiter to conjunction ;
Moon to square aspect ; Uranus to square aspect.
CHAPTER XV. Lunar Parallax.-Definition of Parallax ; Parallax
of Sun and planets ; Of the Moon ; Illustration of Parallactic angle:
Apogee and Perigee; Moon's Anomaly; Motion of Apogee of
Moon; Parallax determined by Anomaly; Anomalistic Tables ;
Example of their use ; Sepharial's Chord of Parallax ; Example of
its use; Part of Parallax due to Zenith distance ; Correction of
Moon's place by Parallax ; An open question ; Semi-diameters of
Sun and Moon to be applied to arcs of direction.
CHAPTERXVI. The Houses of the Heavens.-Truth sacrificed*
for convenience ; House-space of a planet not uniform ; Illustration
of inequality of House-space ; Calculation of the Cusps of Houses ;
Illustration of unequal House-space ; Proofs of the new statement ;
Effect upon Arcs of Direction.
'CHAPTER XVII. Lunar Equation.-Planetary influence continues
after birth ; Directions to the places a t Nativity and to the actual
places ; Example of Moon's place directed to Western horizon and
compared with Moon's setting.
A P P E N D I X . - T ~ ~of
~~SRight Ascension and Declination, and
Ascensional Difference for London, Birmingham and Liverpool.
Tables of Proportional Logarithms.
 FOREWORD

I Npublishing this short treatise on Primary Directions

for the use of students of Prognostic Astronomy, I am
conscious of invading systems already in repute, but I
'trust I have not done so without due cause. Most books
on the subjec't, while aiming at mathematical precision,
embody too much of what is already weighted with
traditional error, and they fail entirely to convey a
simple conception of what is being done and the reason
'for doing it. I have therefore endeavoured t o render
'every operation a s intelligible as possible by means of
-diagrams relating to the case I have chosen to illustrate
the subject ; and a set of tables has been added to the
work in order to facilitate calculations. I t is presumed
that the reader is already acquainted with the elements
of the science and can set a figure of the heavens for
any given time and place. Unlike the majority of
Â¥writers who bewilder the student with technical terms
and explain them at the end of a work, I have thought
fit to begin with a Glossary of Terms.
Having written for the past eighteen years on the
subject of planetary influence in human life, it will
hardly be necessary to elaborate the¥argumenin this
place. Those who deny such influence esteem their
premature opinion as of greater weight than the mature
conclusions of those who have given the matter long
and arduous study, and it is not a n uncommon ex-
perience that such egotists have but the most superficial
knowledge of the subject they contemn.
I t remains for 'the intelligent truth-seeker to construct
his own horoscope and compute the various arcs of
direction b y the methods herein set forth, before pro-
nouncing a verdict on a subject-which has fascinated
the minds of many great men in all ages, and for which,
not without reason, is claimed a place among the sciences
as an essential part of natural physics-possibly also
the key to much that goes under the names of psycho-
logy and metaphysics.
Those who are acquainted with the nature of Hertzian
waves and the phenomena attaching to wireless tele-
graphy, will have little difficulty in conceiving the idea
of planetary actions, v i a the ether of space, upon the
brain-cell batteries of human beings. If the planetary
bodies by their conjunctions and aspects are capable of
creating disturbances in the Earth's atmosphere, as
follows from the concept of the solidarity of the Solar
System and that of the continuity of Matter, they are
also capable of producing electrical disturbances in
highly-charged brain cells by means of the Earth's
atmosphere; and that one brain can affect others is a
fact well within our knowledge. Every act of cerebra-
tion is accompanied by an electrical discharge and the
breaking down of the walls of brain cells. The electro-
static condition of the Earth's atmosphere at the moment
a child draws its first breath is the basis of individual
brain activity. I t is like the charging of a battery of a
given capacity and quality. Any subsequent change in
the Earth's condition will be expressed by the individual
in terms of his particular brain development. Influences
which create great disturbance in one brain will be
scarcely registered by another, for there are qualities
a s well as quantities of electrical action, and astral
science has already tabulated 6,132 different modes of
planetary action. When these modifications of the
ether of space are related to the wide diversities of
brain development, the complex of human thought and
action is fully accounted for.
The system of Prognostic Astronomy explained in
these pages is primarily due to Claudius Ptolemy, who'
lived in Alexandria in the time of Antoninus, about the
beginning of the second century A.D. H e rendered
immense service to his time, and, indeed, to modern
science, by compiling the longitudes and latitudes of
all known places, and in laying the foundation of the
method of projecting geographical charts. H e was also
th6 author of a treatise upon optics, in which he explains
the cause of the refraction of light, and also wrote upon
music, chronology, the Gnomon, and mechanics. H i s
genius was as diverse as his intellect was great, and t o
his patient toil modern Astronomy owes the Almagest,
which gives- an account of ancient eclipses and their
connection with current events, observations of stars,
and a canon of the kings of Assyria, Persia, Greece and
Rome, and which, "considered as a depository of
ancient observations, is one of the most precious
monuments of antiquity " (Laplace: Systeme dzi Monde).
Astronomy is to Astrology what the body is to the
soul that quickens and inspires it. T h e dry facts of
Astronomy are of interest and value only to the extent
that they may be brought into relation with the daily
life of mankind. The gospel of true science is utility.
Sir Norman Lockyer is at present engaged in an
attempt to apply the phenomena of Sun-spots to the
times and places of great drought and famine, believing
to have observed a relationship of the celestial and
terrestrial facts. H e has given some years of study to
the subject and hopes, in measurable time, to be able t o
locate the exact provinces in which the Sun-spots will
do their sterilising work. Further, Sir Norman has
discovered a coincidence between the prevalence of Sun-
spots and the Nile tides, which reduced to a word is
this: Famine years in India are low-tide years in the
Nile, and both are controlled by the prevalence of Sun-
spots.
This is the true Evangel of Science, for, as Lord
Bacon said: "The real use of all knowledge is this,
that we should dedicate the reason which was given u s
by God to the use and advantage of man." Sir Norman
Lockyer will take his place among the ranks of the
prophets and scientific astrologers will give him a
warm welcome. In ancient days the Nile tides were
studied by the Hyksoi-Shepherd-Kings and Patriarchs
-and by the Egyptian Eshpayim, in relation tocelestial
phenomena, and in course of time, as the search pro-
gresses, it will be found that the rents in the luminous
 envelope of the Sun, commonly known as '& Sunkpots,"
have direct relation to the periodic ratios of the
planets Jupiter and Mars.
In regard to planetary action upon individuals, it
Â¥woulappear that, a s the direct rays of the celestial
bodies are more powerful than their oblique rays, the
electrical disturbances due to the planets when acting
in conjunction, or a t certain angles called 4 6 aspects,"
will be greatest in the Equatorial region. Thence the
energy generated would be distributed towards the Poles.
From varied and continuous observations it is evident
that the geocentric configurations of the planets affect
the world generally, according to the natures of the
planets involved. But this affection is reflected by the
individual according to the positions of the planets as
seen from the place of his nativity, and at the moment
of that event. Thus all inter-planetary action is
universally "distributed and reflected by the individual,
according to natural susceptibility or predisposition,
at times which are measured by the arcs of direction,
Le., the degrees of Right Ascension between one body
and another, or one body and the aspect o f another, as
seen from the place of birth.
This measure of Time in reference to the events of
life is the main purpose of this work, which 1 trust will
attract the attention of competent critics.
SEPHARIAL.
 PROGNOSTIC ASTRONOMY
- -

C H A P T E R I.

THEUSE OF EPHEMERIDES
AND TABLES

AN Ephemeris, to be of much use to the student of

Prognostic Astronomy, must contain the geocentric
Â¥longitudesthe declinations and latitudes of all the
celestial bodies of the solar system for each day at noon
throughout the year.
T h e Nautical Almanac is a reliable Ephemeris and
contains all the elements necessary for computing a
figure of the heavens for any given time. But the
French Ephemeris known a s the Connaisance de T e e s
is preferable, since it gives the geocentric longitudes of the
planets, as well as the apparent Right Ascension and
other elements contained in the British Nautical
Almanac. T h e equation of longitude due to any meri-
dian other than that of Paris is of course readily effected
by simple proportion of the diurnal motions of the
several bodies.
, From this, or any other reliable Ephemeris, the plane-
:tary Speculum is constructed., T h e following definitions
of the elements of the speculun~,and the method of their
calculation, will be of service to the beginner.
The first column will contain the Symbols of the bodies
Â¥o the Solar System, viz..: T h e Sun, Moon, Neptune,
fUranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.
T h e second column will contain their Latitudes.
Celestial latitude is the distance of a body North or
South of the Ecliptic or Sun's path in the heavens.
The Sun, therefore, has no latitude. The Ecliptic
crosses the Equator of the Earth at an angle of about
23O27', subject to a slight annual din~inutionof no
practical account for many years together. The points
of intersection are known as the Equinoxes. T h e
Ephemeris gives the latitude daily at noon and by pro-
portion it can be found for any intermediate hour.
The third column will contain the ~eclinations. De-
clination is distance N. or S. of the Equator, expressed
in degrees and minutes of a circle. The declinations of
the planets and of the Sun and Moon will be found for
noon each day in the Ephemeris.
The fourth column will contain the Right Ascensions.
The Right Ascension of a body is its distance from the
vernal Equinox measured in degrees and minutes on
the Equatorial circle. In the Nautical Almanac the
apparent Right Ascension of the different bodies is ex-
pressed in hours, minutes and seconds. In these terms
the whole circle of the Equator is equal to twenty-four
hours. T h u s :
34 hours = 360 degrees.
I hour = 15 degrees.
4 minutes = I degree.

The tables constructed for the appendix of this

treatise give the R i g h t Ascension of every degree of
the Ecliptic, and a body without latitude has the same
Right Ascension as its longitude. For a body having
latitude the Right Ascension has t o be calculated by
the formula :
+
- L o g . cos. (arith. comp.) declin. + log. cos. latitude log.
cos. distance in longitude from nearest Equinox = log.
cos. of the Right Ascension from the same Equinox.
The fifth column will contain the Meridian Distances of
the planets.
. The Right Ascension of the meridian degree of the
horoscope beingknown,together with the Right Ascension
of the various bodies,,the degrees and minutes of Right
Ascension which separate these bodies from the nearest
meridian constitute their meridian distances, which
will always be less than go0.
The sixth column will contain the Semi-arcs of the
planets. '
The semi-arc of a planet is half the time (expressed
in degrees and minutes) that the body remains above
or below the horizon; That arc which the planet
describes above the horizon is called the " diurnal "
semi-arc, while that below is called the " nocturnal "
semi-arc. The one taken from 180Âwill give the other.
T o find the semi-arc of a body :
Log. tang. of the latitude of place of observation +
log. tang. declination of planet = log. sine of the
A scensional Difference.
I . If the planet be above the horizon in South
declination, or below the horizon in North declination,
take the Ascensional Difference from go0.
2. If the planet be above the horizon in North
declination, or below the horizon in South declination,
add the Ascensional Difference to go0.
T h e result is the semi-arc of the planet, diurnal if
above and nocturnal if below the horizon.
The seventh column will contain the Horizontal Arcs.
The horizontal arc is the distance a body is in degrees
and minutes of Right Ascension from the nearest horizon.
The semi-arc, less the meridian distance of a planet, is
its horizontal arc. The semi-arc is, in fact, composed
of the meridian distance and the horizontal distance,
since the semi-arc is the course traversed by a body
from its meridian passage to the point where it rises or
sets.
The eighth and last column of the Speculum will
contain the Cuspal Distances of the planets.
T h e cuspal distance is used to locate the position of
a planet in the circle of observation or prime vertical,
and is required in calculating mundane aspects. In
passing from the horizon to the meridian, or from the
meridian to the horizon, a planet passes through the
houses. The time it takes to pass from the cuspof
one house to that of the next on the same side of the
horizon is called its house-space, and this arc is,
approximately, one-third of the planet's semi-arc.
Therefore to find the cuspal distance :
Of a planet in a cadent house, i.e., the ninth, sixth,
third or twelfth, take its meridian distance from one-
third of its semi-arc if in the ninth or third; but the
horizontal arc from one-third of its semi-arc if in the
sixth or twelfth.
Of a planet in a succedent house, i.e., eighth, fifth,
second or eleventh, take its meridian distance from two-
thirds of its semi-arc..
Of a planet in an angle, i.e., first, tenth, seventh or
fourth houses, take its meridian distance, or its horizontal
arc only, and this, in each case, will give its distance
from that cusp to which it is next proceeding.
These are all the elements required for t h e construc-
tion of a celestial or horoscopical speculum.
T H E 'TABLES'

Appended to this treatise contain the Right Ascension

and declination of every degree of the Ecliptic from
Aries to Virgo, inclusive. The opposite degrees have
the same declination, as, for instance, 8 go has declina-
tion 14~31' N., so that q g O will have the same
declination S. The Right Ascension of the Southern
signs of the Ecliptic are found by adding 180Âto the
same degree of the opposite Northern sign. Thus the
Right Ascension of n l s Ois 73'43' arid, therefore, f 15O
+
has Right Ascension (73O43' I 80°=~ 5 3 ~ 4 3 ' .
Against each degree of the Ecliptic is found also its
Ascensional Difference for the cities of London, Birming-
ham and Liverpool, whose latitudes ,are 5i03.z', 52O28',
and ~ 3 ~ 2N.,respectively.
5' All places in the same lati-
tudes will have the same amount of Ascensional
Difference for the same'point of the Ecliptic.
- By subtracting the Ascensional Difference from the
Right Ascension of any degree between Aries oo and
Virgo 30° or adding it to the Right Ascension of any
degree of the Southern 'signs, we have the Oblique
Asbeision' of that degree-and also of any celestial body
having the same declination as that degree. The
opposite process will give the Oblique Desce~zsio~z. The
Ascensional Differences can also be used to find the
semi-arcs of the planets, since the semi-arcs is always go0.
plus or minus the Ascensional Difference due to the
declination of the body.
The tables, therefore, will be found of extreme-
utility and by means of simple proportion all the elements.
of the speculum, beyond those given in the Ephemeris,
can be readily calculated. The chief object of their
construction, however, is for use in the calculation of
Directions in the Zodiac.

PROPORTIONAL LOGARITHMS

In dealing with fractional quantities of a quadrant,.

the process of making a proportion is greatly facilitated
by the use of these logarithms. Thus in the proportion :
As 72'5' is to 3'52' so is 85'9' to x , we should reduce.
all the quantities' to minutes, multiply the second and
third terms together and divide the result by the first
term, and this-operation in its simplest expression would.
be 232 51°9 The process would certainly occupy-
4325 '

several minutes even for a quick calculator.

In the use of logarithms we take out the separate-
logarithms for the three terms, add the second and
third terms together, and subtract the first ; or take the:
first from 10-ooooo and add it to the second and third.
term logarithms. Thus :,
2nd. 3O52' log. 1.66794
3rd. 85'9' 1,' -32509
 Or. thus :

(Arith. cornp.) 9.60256

and. 3O52' 1.66794
3rd. 850g1 -32509
--
Ans. 4O34' 1.59559
Note-The arithmetical complement of a logarithm
is what it lacks of ten.
As all directions are worked by proportional arcs
it will be found expedient to extract the logarithms of
the planets' semi-arcs and cuspal distances from the
tables, and set them under their proper heads in the
columns.
T h e constant logarithm of a body is obtained by
adding together the arithmetical complement of the
logarithm for its semi-arc, and the ,logarithm of its
meridian distance, thus :
semi-arc 1) 85O28I log. - *32348

(Arith. cornp.) 9-67652

Merid. Dist. 1) 32'37' log. .74183
-
Constant log. of Moon - .41835

Whenever the T) is the body to which direction is

made, the constant log. 941835 will supply the place
of the first and second terms of the proportion. W e
have then merely to add to it the log. semi-arc of the
body which moves to form the arc of direction, to
obtain the log. of its proportional distance.
T h e use of the constant log. will be found a great
economy of labour, but for the sake of lucidity I shall
not make u s e of it i n t h e Examples of Directions given
in the following pages.
W e may now proceed to the calculation of Arcs of
Directions, taking a worthy horoscope as the subject of
our study.
 CHAPTER 11.

THEHOROSCOPE
OF H.M. KINGEDWARD
VII.

ACCORDING to the Official Bulletin published a t the

King's birth, this event took place a t ioh. 48m. a.m.
on the 9th November, 1841, at Buckingharn Palace, in
latitude 51~32'N. and longitude om. 3gsec. W.
The calculation of the horoscopical Mid-heaven is as
follow :

Sidereal Time, noon, 8th November - 15 10 o

-
Time since elapsed
Acceleration at 10 sees. - 22 48
3 48
o

38 1 48
Less Circle 2 4 0 0

Rt. Asc. of Mid-heaven at Birth - 14 I 48

This corresponds to 210~27'. By adding go0o' we

obtain 3o0°27'which is the Oblique Ascension of the
Ascending degree. By subtracting 180Â from the
Right Ascension of the Mid-heaven 210'27' we have
30°27for the Right Ascension of the Nadir, or lowest
point of the heavens a t the moment of the King's birth.
T h e following are the horoscopical figure and
speculum.
 1 I 1 I 1
Planet. Long. Lat. Declin. Asc.
St.
Mer.
Dist.
Semi- Hor.
Ar c A r c .
---
O f O f
cusp
Dist.
0 I

0 16111.541 - 16s.541224 251 13 58 67 31 53 33

-42586 -52651
13 58
1~1i018
Log. 1.11018
- -
85 28 52 51 4 8
'32348 '53223 1.63597
--
112 14 38 39 1 14
-20515 "66812
-2-16419
-
6 54'
1-41642

I t will be seen that the planet Saturn is the most

potent in the horoscope, its influence being very sinister.
Not only is Saturn rising, being only i033'from the horizon,
but it is also in close zodiacal square to the Moon and
semi-square to the Sun. The Sun is also afflicted by a
square of Neptune, and because of this great affliction of
the luminaries it was thought by some astrologers that
H.R.H. would never fully assume the office and title of
 King. But not only are the luminaries in elevation, but
the Sun has the sextile of Mars from its exaltation sign
Capricornus, its action being strengthened from its
being angular and rising. T h e Moon is proceeding to
the mundane trine aspect of Jupiter, while the Mid-
heaven is supported by the trine aspect of Neptune in
mundo and the sextile of Saturn in the Zodiac. T h e
S u n is near the mundane parallel of Venus and the
Ascendant has a mundane trine of the Moon and a
near influence of Jupiter. T h e mundane positions are
certainly very strong and with five planets above the
horizon and no less than seven rising, the full title and
honours of kingship would follow as a consequence of
this horoscope being that of the true and rightful heir
t o the Throne, which God defend.
Taking this horoscope a s the illustration of our study,
we may pass on to the subject of Primary Directions in
Mqndo and in Zodiaco, by which the periods of all
great changes in health and fortune may be determined
with great accuracy.
 CHAPTER

AN arc of direction is the distance which separates

one body from another, or one body from the position
of another, or its aspect. Such distance is measured
by the Equatorial degrees which pass under the meridian
from the moment of birth to the moment when the
direction is completed.
T h e original position of a body, either in the zodiac
or in the circle of observation, is always that to which
direction is made.
Mundane Directions are those which are made to the
apparent position of a celestial body, or its aspects, in
the circle of observation, or Prime Vertical.
Zodiacal Directions are those which are made to the
geocentric longitude of a body or to aspects of that
longitude, in the circle of observation.
All Directions are formed by the rotation of the Earth
on its axis, by which the planets are apparently carried
from East to West, rising, culminating and setting in
the circle of observation ; or by which a localised impress
of a planet is carried from W. to E. against the apparent
motion of the heavens. T h e lines thus traversed by
these bodies are practically parallel to the Equator, and
a t distances determined by their declinations.
T h e horizon of any place cuts the Equator at an
angle equal to its geographical latitude.
Careful study of the figure annexed to Chapter XVI.
will make the preceding observations perfectly clear.
Both the Mundane and Zodiacal Directions may be
either direct or converse. Mundane " Direct Directions "
are those which are formed by a body moving West-
ward when above the horizon and Eastward when
under the horizon.
" Converse Directions " are exactly the reverse of
this. Some writers have deemed these directions to b e
pre-natal, and on first sight it would appear that they
are so. Thus, in the horoscope before us, if we bring
the Moon to a conjunction with Venus conversely, we
direct the Moon along its own arc till it reaches a
meridian distance (proportionate to its semi-arc),
equivalent to that held by Venus. Here it looks as if
we took the Moon backwards to a position it held about
an hour before the birth.
Such, however, is not the case. The fact is that
every planet throws a direct ray to the place of birth a s
well as oblique rays in other directions. The direct
ray is called its Earth-line, and it is this line which, by
the rotation of the earth on its axis, is carried from
West to East, conveying th-3 localised influence of that
one body to a point wheie it meets the localised
influence or Earth-line of another body that is following
i t in the heavens.
Therefore all directions are formed by the one natural
fact of the Earth's rotation. The more important
directions are those made to the meridian, horizon,
their zodiacal equivalents8(theMid-heaven and Ascend-
ant), and the Sun and Moon. All these Significatovs,
as they are called, are themselves directed to the planets.
The method of calculating Arcs of Direction may
now be explained, and examplesof every kind of direction
adduced in illustration.
 CHAPTER IV.

A SIGNIFICATOR or planet may be directed in mundo

t o a conjunction, aspect, parallel, or rapt parallel of
another.
T h e body (or its aspect) to which direction is made,
is supposed to remain stationary, while the directed
body moves to it along its own arc.
The universal formula for all directions, whether
mundane or zodiacal, is as follows :-
As the semi-arc of the stationary body or aspect
Is to its meridian, horizontal, or cuspal distance,
So i s the semi-arc of the moving body
To its proportional distance.
T h e difference between this proportional distance of
t h e moving body and its original distance is the
Arc of Direction.
CONJUNCTION I N MUNDO

Bring the body directed along its own arc till it

reaches the body of another a s seen from the place of
birth.
EXAMPLES

I. Direct Venus to conjunction with Moon in mundo.

As Semi-arc D 85'28' p. log. -32348
(a.c.) 9.67652
To Merid. Dist. ) 32'37' p. log. - .74183
To Semi-arc ? 82'26' ,, -33917
--
To Prop. Dist. ? 31'28' ,, ¥7575
1st Dist. ?12' 3' ,,
Are of Direction 19'25' ? d D mundo.
 This is a d i m < direction of Venus in mundo. It
produced pleasant experiences abroad and led toward
marriage. Venus is in the ninth house (foreigners) and
the T) on its cusp.
2. Direct the Sun to conjunction with Jupiter i n
mundo.
Semi-arc V 57O44' log.
(a.c.)
Merid. Dist. ~ 9 6 ,,'
Semi-arc 667031' ,,
Prop. Dist. . 058~47' ,, -
1st Dist. 0 13~58' ,,
Arc of Direction 4404gr 0 rf m. con.

This is a converse direction of the Sun. T h e Sun's.

Earth-line is carried Eastward by the rotation of the
Earth till it coincides with Jupiter's Earth-line. I t was
fortunate in relation to equine sports, l(. being in the
twelfth in 1 .
3. Direct Uranus to conjunction Ascendant in mundo.
T h e meridian distance subtracted from the semi-arc
of Uranus will give the planet's distance from the
horizon, or horizontal arc, as shown in the speculum,
viz.,
Arc of Direction, I# d Asc. 56'51'.
This direction signifies accidents to the limbs and
feet, also complications in finance, as tf is in t h e
second house at birth.
4. Direct Saturn to conjunction Mid-heaven in mundo.
The Right Ascension of Saturn minus Right Ascen-
sion of Mid-heaven will give the meridian distance of
Saturn, as already shown in the speculum. This is the
Arc of Direction, 5 rf M.C. 5g043'.
This influence is evil for life and fortunes, liable to.
generate serious illness and to produce depression in
affairs of State. Saturn afflicting the Ascendant at
birth renders its influence more evil.
 C H A P T E R V.

MUNDANEaspects are measured from the cusps of

the houses. Thus : a planet being on the cusp of the
eleventh house will be in mundane sextile 60Âto the
Ascendant, and in square go0 to another planet which
may be on the cusp of the eighth house. A planet in
the middle of the second house would be in semi-square
45O to the Ascendant, and in sesquiquadrate lyjOto the
Mid-heaven. t

Therefore to direct a planet to the aspect of another in

mundo, we have to bring it to an equivalent distance
from the cusp of that house in which the aspect is
formed.
EXAMPLES

I. Bring the Sun to a trine of Neptune in mundo.

Neptune is i014' inside the cusp of the second house ;
we must .therefore direct the Sun to an equivalent
distance inside the cusp of the tenth.
Semi-arc log.
(~ÈIIZOI~ .20515
(a.c.) 9.79485
Cusp. Dist. V 1'14' ,, 2-16419
Semi-arc 0 67'31' ,, .42586
--
Prop. Dist. 0 0'45' ,, 2.38490
1st Dist. 0 13'58' ,,
--
Arc of Direction 13~x3'O A Y m.

Having determined the arc of any one aspect in

mundo we have only to add or subtract, successively,
one-sixth, one-third, one-half, or two-thirds of the setni-
arc of the directed body, in order to obtain all its other
aspects, both direct and converse. Thus :-

Arc of Direction - 13 13 Q ~ y r n u n d o .
& Semi-arc - 11 15
Arc of Direction - 24 28 0 Q y mundo.
A Semi-arc - 33 45
Arc of Direction, - 58 13 0 8ql mundo.,

These are direct directions in mundo. For the converse

we bring the Sun along its own arc into the eleventh and
twelfth houses.

Sem'i-arc
Mer. Dist.
Dist. from 11th - , 8 3 2
Add Prop. Dist.
Arc of Direction
-
-
-g
0 45

17 0 u y m. con.,
Semi-arc - -
22 30
Arc of Direction - 31 47 0 36 V m. con.
Semi-arc - -
11 15

A rc of Direction - -
43 0~ym.con.
2

These are converse directions, and are formed by the

rotation of the Earth on .its axis from W. to E., the
localised influence of the Sun, which is originally 13'58'
E. of t h e meridian, being carried eastward, to points in
the circle of observation where it meets the localised
influence of the planet Neptune.
Note.-If, as some have erroneously stated, these
converse directions are pre-natal, the Sun itself being
directed to a place it occupied so many hours and
minutes before birth, then the. whole process is falsely
conceived. For it must be apparent to the meanest
intellect that kh'en the' Sun was 0°45 from 'f the cusp of
the twelfth house, Neptune had not yet arrived at the
equivalent distance from the cusp of the second-where
we find it at the birth-but was close to the cusp of the
third house.
Therefore the Sun itself cannot be conversely directed
to the sextile of Neptune's radical place in mundo, for
how can a body support a position that is not yet
assumed ?
I t is the local impress of the solar influence at birth
which is carried backward to form aspects with the
radical place of Neptune, and the single axial motion of
the Earth from W. to E. is the sole basis of all
directions, whether direct or converse, mundane or
zodiacal. -
2. Bring Saturn to its aspects of the Ascendant in
mundo.
0 I

Hor. Arc of $ I 33 $ d Asc. m.

4 Semi-arc - 29 5
Arc of Direction - 30 38 $ L Asc. m.
Semi-arc - 9 42
Arc of Direction - 40 20 ^*ASC.~.
3 Semi-arc - I9 23
Arc of Direction - 59 43 1? ASC.m.

Note.-The mundane conjunction of Saturn with

' also the arc of 5 a Mid-heaven in
Ascendant 1 ~ 3 3 is
mundo, and 5 a Ascendant m. 59'43' is also the arc
for 5 rf M.C. in mundo.
For the converse directions of Saturn in mundo we have
to take the contra-semi-arc (Nocturnal) of Saturn as he
is below the horizon when forming these aspects :
0 I

From 180 o
Diurnal Semi-arc - 58 10

Nocturnal ,, - 121 50

One-half ,, - 60 55
Hor. Arc $ - - 1 33
 Arc of Direction
Semi-arc
-
-
59
20
22
18
12, f Asc. m.

Arc of Direction, - 79 40 '2 * Asc. m.

3. Bring Venus 10 aspects of the Mid-heaven. in,
mundo.

Venus Semi-arc
One-half ,,
Mer.. Dist.
.

Arc of Direction
& Semi-arc
- 29 10 ? f M.C. m.
- 1344
Arc o/Direction - 42 54 ? M.C.m.
3 Semi-arc - 27 29
Arc of Direction - 70 23 ? a M.C.m.

This latter aspect of $ to M.C. is the same as the

mundane opposition to the Ascendant, and is measured
by the horizontal arc of Venus.
These mundane directions of the planets to the Mid-
heaven and Ascendant are extremely simple and facile,
being merely a part of the semi-arc less the meridian
distance of each planet.. The conjunctions, oppositions
and quadratures are already included in the speculum
under the meridian distance and horizontal arc of each
planet.
4. Bring the Mid-heaven to aspects of the Sun in
mundo.
Here we have to bring the meridian degree "nfs038'
along its own arc to equivalent distances from the cusps
of the houses in proportion to the Sun's distance, 13 v '
from tenth.

Semi-arc 067 31 log. - -42586

(a.c.) 9'57414
Mer. Dist. 013 58 ,, 1~11018
Semi-arc M.C. 73 56 ,,
, - -38643
 Prop. Dist. M.C. 15 18 log. 1.07075
A Semi-arc 36 58

A re o f Direction 21 40 M.C. L o mundo.

Semi-arc 12 19 ,

-
Arc of Direction 33 59 M.C. * 0 mundo.
& Semi-arc 24 39

Arc of Direction 58 38 M.C. 0 0 mundo.

-
The Ascendant is directed in the same way to mun-
dane aspects by a proportion of its semi-arc to those of
the planets.
 CHAPTER VI.

A M U N D A N E parallel is formed by one planet coming

t o an equivalent distance on one side of the meridian or
horizon as another body on the other side of the same
meridian or horizon. A parallel can therefore be formed
by the approach of a body to the upper and lower
meridians and to the east and west horizons,
Note.-Some writers on this subject have repudiated
the parallels formed upon the horizon, but without
adducing adequate reason for so doing, and, indeed,
tradition has been allowed too much weight on many
points of vital moment. Yet the same writers have
not denied the validity of parallels formed on the same side
of the meridian, one south and the other north, as in the
fourth and ninth houses, the tenth and third, nor have
they seen that planets thus placed must be at equal
distances from the horizon !
The rule is the same as for the aspects., i.e., as the
semi-arc of the stationary body is to its meridian distance
(or horizontal arc), so is the semi-arc of the moving
bodyto its proportionate meridian or horizontal distance.
EXAMPLES

I . Bring Jupiter to a meridian parallel of the Moon.

The Moon is near the cusp of the ninth house. W e
must, therefore, bring Jupiter up to the eleventh to
form the mundane parallel.,
0 r
Semi-arc D 85 28 log. -32348
--
(a,~.)
Mer. Dist. D32 37 s*
- 9'67652
.74183
Semi-arc 11-57 44 *S '49385
 Prop. Dist. .22 2 log. .91220
1st Dist.
Arcpf Direction
-
50 16
28 14 3 par. D mundo.
-
2. Bring the Moon to the meridian parallel of Jupiter.
This is the reverse of the above problem.
0 I

Semi-arc 357 44 log. -49385

(a.c.) 9'50615
Mer. Dist. 2/50 16 ,, - -55399
Semi-arc £8 28 - .32348
Prop. Dist. D74 25 11 - -38362
1st Dist.
-
D32 37
Arc of Direction 41 48 1) par. 2j mundo.

3. Bring the Sun to the horizontal parallel of Neptune.

0 1

Semi-arc Y112 14 log. - ,20515

(a.c.) 9-79485
Hor. Arc f 38 39 9.
.- .66812
Semi-arc 0 67 31 .42586
IS
--
Prop. Dist. 0 23 15 .I *88883
1st Dist. 0 53 33
Arc ef Direction 30 18 0 par. (f mundo.

This is a converse direction of the Sun to an equiva-

lent distance from the horizon to that of Neptune.
4. Bring the Sun to a horizontal parallel of Saturn.
Semi-arc 5121 50 log. - -1695I
8

(a.c.) 9.83049
Hor. Arc. '? 33 1 ,a 2'0'5494
Semi-arc 0 67 31 -42586
-
Prop. Dist, 0 0 52 ,, 2.32129
1st Dist.
-
0 53 '33
Arc of Direction 52 41 0 par. 5 mundo
-,
 T h e nocturnal arc of Saturn in relation to its hori-
zontal distance is here taken as in the preceding case of
Neptune, and the Sun is brought conversely to an equi-
valent distance from the horizon on the south side as
Saturn is on the north. Whatever may be the opinion of
others, in my experience these parallels are of consider-
able efficacy and fall naturally into line with other
directions of similar import occurring at or about the
same time. L L Raphael " (R. C. Smith) in his Manual,
after defining the mundane parallel as the same dis-
tance on opposite sides of the meridian, remarks that he
has not found those formed upon the horizon to be
significant.
Later writers, however, are not of the same opinion,
for we continually find that a parallel formed upon the
same side of the meridian but in different quadrants, is
admitted into the category of operative directions. Now,
two bodies at equivalent distances on the same side of
the meridian, and in different quadrants, are at equiva-
lent distances on opposite sides of the same horizon ; and as
the parallel is more correctly defined by " an equivalent
distance on opposite sides of an angle," I have employed
the horizontal distance instead of the meridian distance
of the Sun in directing it to a mundane parallel with
Saturn. T h e result is the same if we bring 0 to an
equivalent from the tenth as Saturn is from the fourth.

Semi-arc 5 121 50 log: - -16951

(a.c.) 9.83049
Mer. Dist. '? 120 17 #I - ¥I750
Semi-arc 0 67 31 ,, -42586
Prop. Dist. 0 66 40 ¥4314
1st Dist. 0 13 58
Are a/ Direction, 52 42 0 par. 5 mundo.

I t will be expedient to distinguish between parallels

formedon the meridian and those on the horizon, thus:
3)m.p. -U. 41' 48', @ h.p. 5 52' 42'.
 CHAPTER VII.

RAPTparallels are formed by the apparent motion of

the heavens, or by the rotation of the Earth, whereby
any two bodies, or their places, are carried to an equal
distance on opposite sides of the same angle, whether
it be the meridian or the horizon.
In making this statement I am extending the observa-
tion of former writers who recognise only the rapt
parallel formed by direct direction upon the meridian
angle. My experience includes also those formed
conversely on the same angle, and I include the horizon
in this observation. The student may follow me in one
or two illustrations. The rule for the calculation is as
follows :
Rule.-As half the sum of the semi-arcs of the two
bodies is to half the sum of their meridian (or horizontal)
distances, so is the semi-arc of the body applying to
the angle to its distance from that angle at the formation
of the parallel.
EXAMPLES

I. Bring the Moon and Saturn to a rapt parallel upon

the upper meridian.
Here we propose to bring the Moon down the western
sky and Saturn up the eastern sky by the apparent
motion of the heavens. At the formation of the parallel,
Saturn will be applying to the meridian, while the Moon
will be separating from it.
Semi-arc ~ 8 528
I# $ 5 8 10

2) 143 38
 sum of S.A. - -39905
(a.c.) 9.60095
Mer. Dist. . D 32 . 37
I s s t
....
b59
. 43
2) 9 2 20
sum of M.D. 46.
>? 58
10 - '59094
"49060
Semi-arc 10

*Prop.Dist.
1st Dist.
b37 24
$59 43
IS . -68249

Arc of Direction 22 19 rapt. par. 1)

As Saturn is above'the horizon at the time of this

parallel, we have taken its diurnal semi-arc.
2. Bring the Moon and Sun to a rapt parallel upon
the, upper meridian.
0 I

Semi-arc 067 31
II 185 28
2)
--
152 59
sum S.A. 76 29 log. - -37171
(as.) 9-62829
Mer. Dist. 013 58
tt s t 132 37

& sum M.D.

Semi-arc
. 23 17 log.
~ 8 528 ,,
- ~88823
-32348
Prop. Dist. , T) 26 I - *8400o
1st Dist. D32 37
Art of Direction , 6 36 D rapt. par. 0

This is a converse direction, formed by the rotation

of the Earth from W. to E., whereby the mundane
places of the Moon and Sun are carried eastward t o
equivalent distances on opposite sides of the upper
meridian.
 3. Bring the Sun to a rapt parallel with Saturft
. .. on
the east,horizon.

Semi-arc 0 67 31
Is $121 50
--
2) 189 21

4 sum of S.A. 94 40 1%. - .27908

--
(a.c.) 9.72092
Hor. Arc 0 53 33
I f If T? 1 33

*sum of H.A.
Semi-arc
27 33 log.
0 6 7 31
-81515
-42586

Prop. Dist. 0 1 9 39 9, ,96193

1st Dist. a 5 3 33

Arc of Direction 33 54 0 rapt. par. 5

I t will be observed that, as Saturn is below the

horizon when the parallel is formed, his nocturnal arc
is employed, while the Sun being above the horizon,
his diurnal arc is that used.
4. Bring Jupiter to a rapt parallel with the Sun on
the E. horizon.
Semi-arc
II

sum of S.A.

Hor. Dist.
I> È
 2) 61 I
sum H.A.' 30 30 10% -- '77097
Semi-arc 0 67 31 ,. -42586

Prop. Dist.
1st Dist.
0 21- 42 1 ,,
0 53 33
. '91875

Arc of Direction 3s 51 0 rapt. par. if.

The nocturnal arc of l(. is employed in this problem,

as he has to pass below the horizon to form this parallel,
i.e., the mundane places of the Sun and Jupiter are
carried eastward by the Earth's rotation till they come
to an equal distance on opposite sides of the horizon.
This concludes the directions termed " Mundane."
In effect they are very powerful, being formed by the
direct rays of the various bodies to the place of birth.
 CHAPTER VIII.

THESE directions are in all respects similar to the

mundane, save that, instead of bringing the significator
to the body of a planet we direct to the longitude of that
planet, taking the meridian distance and semi-arc of
that longitude or ecliptic degree.
Directions in zodiaco may be direct or converse. Thus,
if we direct a body in Libra to the longitude of one in
Scorpio, the direction is direct; but when directing a
body in Libra to the longitude of another in Virgo, the
direction is converse, being contrary to the order of the
signs.
I n all cases we direct the body of a planet to the
longitude of another. In this sense the meridian and
horizon are considered as "bodies," and are directed
to the longitudes of the planets.
Directions may be to conjunction or aspect. The zodia-
cal parallel is also included by most writers on this
subject. Personally, I conceive the direction to a
parallel to be ill-founded and extremely difficult of
scrutiny. The method consists in taking the declina-
tion of the planet to which direction is made ; finding a
degree of the zodiac whose declination is the same; and
then taking the semi-arc and meridian distance of this
longitude, after which the body directed is brought to a
conjunction with this degree in the manner already
explained. Excepting t h e equinoctial and solstitial
points there are four degrees in the zodiac having the
same declination as each planet. The Moon, however,
sometimes has greater declination than the Tropics, in
which case the planets cannot, by this method, be
brought to a parallel of the Moon. But all this seems
beside the mark, for it is obvious that a parallel of
declination is equal distance above and below the
Equator. Not by any mathematics can a body having
1 3 O of declination be brought by direction (i.e., by the
rotation of the Earth) to 7 O or 15' of declination. I t has
already been explained ' that the rotation of the Earth
causes the planets to traverse arcs from E. to W. which
are parallel to the Equator, and at distances which are
determined by the declinations of the several bodies.
T o bring a body to the conjunction of a degree in the
zodiac (as seen from the place of observation) is not
the same as bringing that body to the same distance
from the Equator. The fact is, these parallels form
no part of a true system of Primary Directions, but
belong solely to Secondary directions. I t is conceivably
possible that the correct method of dealing with these
zodiacal positions of the planets so as to form parallels,
would be to direct them by their semi-arcs, to equivalent
distances on opposite sides of the angles and also t o
rapt parallels in the same way. Thus, the Sun's place
q16O54' could be brought along its semi-arc to an
equivalent distance on the East of the meridian as is
the Moon's long. ng2g027' on the West of it.
I n the same manner q16O54' and q2g027' could be
brought to a rapt parallel on the upper meridian. T h e
theory presumes the planets to be operative in the
degrees of their respective longitudes, and their influences
to be thence reflected to the individual-neither of
which concepts are contrary to the principles of the
science. I have not, however, had opportunity for
testing this theory.
 C H A P T E R IX.

CONJUNCTIONS
IN ZODIAC

FOR the Mid-heaven, take the Right Ascension of the

longitude of the planet to which direction is made. The
difference between this and the R.A. of the Mid-heaven,
will be the Arc of Direction.
For the Ascendant, take the Oblique Ascension of the
longitude of the planet. The difference between this
and the Oblique Ascension of the Ascendant will be the
Arc of Direction.
For the Sun, Moon, and Planets, find the R.A. and
declination of the longitude to which direction is made,
and calculate thereby its meridian distance and semi-
arc.. Then proceed as for the calculation of a conjunc-
tion in mundo. As the semi-arc of the lotzgitude is to its
meridian distance, so is the semi-arc of the moving body
to its proportional distance from the meridian. Take
this from that body's original distance, and there
remains the
Arc of Direction.
EXAMPLES

I. Bring the Mid-heaven to conjunction with Moon

in zodiac.
0 I

J) 's long. ~ 2 9 ~ R.A.

R.A. of Mid-heaven
2 7 ~ - -- I79
210
29
27

Arc of Direction M.C. d p 30 58

2. Bring the Mid-heaven to conjunction with Saturn

in the zodiac.
 f^ 's long. VJ oOg'R.A.
R.A. of Mid-heaven
- -- 270
210
9
27
Are of Direction M.C.d i; 59 42

The first example-is a converse direction, the second is

direct.
3. ring the Ascendant to conjunction with Uranus
in zodiac, direct.
0 '
3 ' s long. xzo037' R.A.
Asc. Diff. (add) -
-- - 351 23
4 42
Obi. ASC.~20'37' 356 5
Obi. ASC.of Ascdt. - 300 27

Arc of Direction Asc. d 55 38

If we add 55'38' to the Right Ascension of the

Mid-heaven 2 io027', we shall obtain Right Ascension
266O5' which is equivalent to f 26'24'30", and when
this comes to the meridian of London, x20°37' the
longitude of Uranus is rising.
4. Bring the Ascendant to conjunction with Sun in
zodiac, converse.
0 ' s long. 7ti.16~54'R.A. - -
- 224 25
29
Asc. Diff. (add) 22

Obi. Asc. of in16O54' - 246 54

Obi. ASC.of Ascdt. - 300 27

Arc of Direction Asc. d O 53 33

Note.-As the Sun is on the ecliptic, its Oblique

Ascension and that of its longitude are the same. T h e
direction is therefore identical with the converse mun-
dane direction of 0 d Ascendant 53'33'.
5. Bring Venus t o conjunction with the Moon in
zodiac, converse.
 The p's longitude is q2g027', the Right Ascension of
which is i7g02g', its meridian distance 30°58 (see Exam.
I of this series). T h e declination of q 2 g 0 q ' is 0°13'
its ascensional difference is 0°17 for London, and its
semi-arc is therefore go017'. Then we say :-
0 I

AS Semi-arc go 17 log. ,29967

(a.c.) 9.70033
To Mer. Dist. 30 58 ,I .76438
So Semi-arc ? 82 26 ,, . -33917
T o Prop. Dist ? 28 16 -80388
Subt. 1st Dist. 9 12 2

Arc of Direction 16 14 ? d T) zod. con.

6 . Bring the Sun to conjunction with Saturn in

zodiac, direct.
Saturn's longitude is ^yoOgt,which has Right Ascen-
sion 270°g'its meridian distance being 5g042' (see Exam.
2 in this series). The declination of woOgtis 23O27', its
ascensional difference 33O6'
--
for London, and its semi-arc
~6~54'.
-- and its
Note.-We take the diurnal semi-arc of WOOQ' d

distance from the upper meridian for convenience of

proportion to the known factors of the Sun.
0 '
Semi-arc 56 54 1%- ¥5001
(a.c.) .49984
Mer. Dist.
Semi-arc
59 42
067 31 ..
St

---
Â¥4793
*42586
Prop. Dist 070 50 Ã '40500
1st Dist. 0 1 3 58
--
Arc of Direction 56 52 0d 12 zod. d.

7. Bring the Moon to conjunction Moon in zodiac,

converse.
This unique direction is inserted for the purpose of
illustrating the fact that from the point of view of an
observer, the body of a planet having latitude is not in
the same position as the longitude of that planet, and
consequently an Arc of Direction may'be measured in
all such cases. Owing to the inclination of the Moon's
orbit to the Ecliptic being greater than that of the
other bodies, the difference between its Right Ascension
and the R.A. of its longitude is more marked. As to
what effects may be due to the direction of Moon to
Moon's place in zodiac, I must defer judgment, but the
Moon to its own aspects in zodiac produces changes and
favour or disfavour of women, the public, etc.-accord-
ing to the nature of the aspect and attendant directions.
But here is the calculation :-
D'S long. m 29'27' has R.A. 17g0zg', its meridian
distance being 3oC58'. Its declination 0°i3gives Asc.
Diff. 0°i7and its semi-arc is therefore 90~17'.

Semi-arc go 17 log. .29967

(a.c.) 9.70033
Mer. Dist. 30 58 , , -76438
Semi-arc D85 28 i i -32348
Prop. Dist. D29 19 i i *78819
1st Dist. D32 37
Are of Direction 3 18 D d D zod. con.

Note.-Possibly a direction of this nature imports the

influence of the D'S radical aspects, developing those
changes in the constitution which are so often effected
by infantile complaints.
 CHAPTER

WEhave already directed the Mid-heaven, Ascendant,

etc., to the longitudes of the planets for the conjunction
in zodiac, and we now have to direct them to aspects of
those longitudes. The process is in every way similar,
the Mid-heaven being directed by R.A., the Ascendant
by Oblique Ascension, and the planetary bodies (includ-
ing 0 and I)) by proportion of their semi-arcs.

EXAMPLES

I. Bring the Mid-heaven to the square of Moon in

zodiac, direct.
The Moon's long. is vy^2g027', its squar,e falls in
f 2g027', the R.A. of which is 26g025'.
G I

R.A. f2Q027' - - 269 24

R.A. of M.C. - - 210 27
Arc of Direction 58 57 M.C. a I) zod.

2. Bring the Mid-heaven to the sextile of Sun in

zodiac, converse. 1
The Sun's long. is 1 ~ 1 6 ~ 5 4the
' , converse sextile being
vy^16O54', the R.A. of which is 167'57', its meridian
distance (210~27'-167~57') 4z030' ; Arc of Direction M.C.
Â¥X @ zod. con.
3. Bring the Ascendant to sextile Jupiter in zodiac,
direct.
Jupiter's longitude f 21~28'has its sextile in ,%c¥21~28'
the Right Ascension of which is 323O52', and its
ascensional difference 18O47', gives its Oblique Ascen-
sion 34203g1.
O f .

Obi. Asc. of Aspect - - 342 39

Obi. &c. of A~cdt. - 300 27
Arc of Direction Asc. * 42 12

4. Bring the Ascendant to opposition Moon in zodiac,

direct.
We have already found the Right Ascension of 1)'s
longitude n12g027' to be i7g02g', and its ascensional
difference t o be 0°i7' W e therefore proceed :

R.A.n~zg~z7' - - I79 29
180Â + Asc. Diff. - 180 17

Obi. Asc. of x 29'27' 359 46

Obi. ASC. of A ~ c d t . - 300 27
Arc of Direction Asc. 8 D 59 19

Here we bring the opposition point of the 1)'s longi-

tude to conjunction with the Ascendant, which is the
same as directing the Ascendant to opposition Moon.
5. Bring the Sun to the opposition of Neptune in the
zodiac, converse.
Neptune's longitude is Z Z I ~ O ~ I ' , the opposition of
which is &i402if, its Right Ascension 136¡50f and its
meridian distance 73O37'. I t s ascensional difference is
2 1 ~ 5 8 'which
~ gives a diurnal semi-arc of I I 1'58'. Then :
0 I

Semi-arc 58 log. -20618

111
- -
(a.c.) 979382
Mer. Dist.
Semi-arc
73 37
0 6 7 31 ..
-# .38830
.42586
Prop. Dist. 0 4 4 23 B~ -60798
1st Dist. 0 1 3 58
--
Arc of Direction 58 21 0 <? V zod. con.
 Note.-As the Sun has to cross the meridian to form
this aspect we add its first distance, 13'58', to its pro-
portional distance on the other side of the meridian, t o
obtain the full arc of the Sun's direction.
6. Bring the Moon to the square of Sun in zodiac,
converse.
The square of 0 (converse) falls in &16O54', the
Right Ascension of which is 13g022',its meridian distance
being 71~5'. Its ascensional difference is 20°5i'which
gives its semi-arc I 10~51'. Then :
0 I

Semi-arc 110 51 log. -21054

(a c.) 9-78946
Mer. Dist. 71 5 9, -40350
Semi-arc I185 28 .32348
el
.--
Prop. Dist. D54 48 ,I 31644
1st Dist. 5 3 2 37
-
Arc oJDirection 22 11 D a 0 zod. con.

7. Direct Venus to the sextile of Moon in zodiac,

direct.
The direct zodiacal sextile of the D'S longitude is
n^,2g027', the Right Ascension of which is 237O13~,
meridian distance 26O4.6'. Its ascensional difference is
27O21', and its semi-arc 6203g1. Then :
Semi-arc 62 39 log. -45835
(a.c.) 9.54165
Mer. Dist. 26 46 * I .82768
Semi-arc 982 26 ,, -33917
--
Prop. Dist. 935 I3 ,I -70850
1st Dist. ? 12 2

Arc of Direction 47 15 ? *D zod. d.

Note.-As Venus has to cross the meridian to form
the aspect, the proportional distance on the E. side of
the meridian is added to its original distance on the W.
side to obtain the arc traversed.
 I t will be noticed that the directions in the zodiac
direct are formed by the same natural fact a s mundane
converse directions, viz.i the axial rotation of the Earth.
The body of a planet is believed to impress its influence
upon the Earth at the moment of birth, by a right line
of influence. By the Earth's rotation, the locality thus
impressed is brought eastward till it forms its conjunc-
tion with the rays of another body, or comes into line
with a zodiacal point, as seen from the place of birth,
W e have now taken examples of every kind of
direction, both mundane and zodiacal, which can be
accommodated to the principles of primary direction in
the circle of observation.
The TABLES will be found of great use in computing
the semi-arcs of the planets, the Right Ascensions of
zodiacal positions and aspects, and the Oblique Ascen-
sions of all zodiacal points.
 CHAPTER XI.

THEstudent will do well to employ some definite

order of calculation, otherwise he will be sure to over-
look many directions which, belonging to a series,
become very important in association with others of a
like nature, or of contrary nature. For instance, in a
series or train of evil directions falling out in a particular
year of life, a good direction of the hyleg to Jupiter will
generally convert a judgment of death into one of serious
illness, from which the native recovers. In short, such
a direction would indicate a favourable crisis. I t is
therefore important to have all the directions calculated.
T h e ' following is suggested as the most convenient
order of procedure.
I. Take the Mundane Directions first.
I. Direct all the bodies to aspects and conjunctions
with the Ascendant :( a ) from E. to W. ; ( b ) from W. to E.
2. Direct all the bodies to aspects and conjunctions
with the Mid-heaven: ( a ) from E. t o W . ; ( b ) from W .
to E.
3. Direct the Sun to the other bodies in mundo : (a)
from E. to W . ; ( b ) from W . to E.
4. Direct the Moon to the other bodies in mundo : (a)
from E. to W . ; ( b ) from W . to E.
5. Do the same with each of the planets, directing
them separately and in turn to the 0 and to the Moon,
first from E. to W., and next from W . to E.
6. Direct the a to mundane parallels with the I)and
planets.
7. Direct the Q to rapt parallels with the T) and
planets.
8. Direct the Moon to mundane parallels with the @
and planets.
 9. Direct the Moon to rapt parallels with the 0 and
planets.
This completes the Mundane Directions.
11. Take next the Zodiacal Directions.
Follow the same order as for Mundane Directions,
omitting classes 6 , 7, 8, and 9, which are not formed in
the zodiac.
Remember that in Zodiacal Directions a body is
always moved to a longitude to form a conjunction or
aspect, and that the meridian and horizon are in this
sense regarded as bodies. A longitude is never directed
to a body.
Note.-The meridian and horizon are, for convenience,
called the Mid-heaven and Ascendant, though these
latter terms really refer to the ecliptic degrees which,
at birth, occupy those angles. The meridian and hori-
zon have fixed relations to the place of birth, which is
not the case with the zodiacal positions associated with
them at the moment of a nativity.
All this may appear very tedious, and no doubt it
does require patience and method. But once done it
serves for a lifetime, a point to be remembered, more
especially when, by the possession of such a chart, we
may wisely direct our course in such way as to beware
of dangerous shoals, sandbanks, and breakers-or, if not
able to do this, at least to make proper provision against
the evil hour, and to redouble our efforts when under
benefic influences, and so to order our affairs wisely and
bring our lives to a peaceful end. Sudden death cannot
overtake the man who foresees his end years in advance,
and the keen edge of many afflictions, to which a wise
Providence may dispose us for the greater ends of life,
are dulled by a philosophic anticipation, so that, cutting
less deeply, they leave the vital soul unhurt. Therefore,
rather than pray that what is foreordained by the laws
of life in regard to the inscrutable ends thereof, may be
averted, let us say with the Psalmist : " Teach me the
number of my days that I may apply my heart unto
wisdom," for "the wise man foreseeth the evil and
hideth himself the ignorant pass on and are hurt."
 C H A P T E R XII.

THEEFFECTS
OF DIRECTIONS

OBSERVEthe house originally occupied by the body

that is moved to form the aspect, and take this as a
general indication of the source of good or evil. That
house to which the body moves in order to form the
Arc of Direction is also of some significance, as also the
sign to which it is radically related.
Good Aspects : the sextile, quintile, trine, biquintile, the
conjunction and parallel of the henefics, denote good
effects. The Sun, Moon, and Mercury in conjunction
or parallel are also benefic when well aspected at birth.
Evil Aspects, such as the square, sesquiquadrate, etc.,
and the opposition of all planets, the conjunction and
parallel of y , I#, +, <y (and of the Sun, Moon, and
Mercury when radically affected by ill aspects), denote
evil effects.
The MID-HEAVEN and the S U Nhave general significa-
tion of honour, credit, position, and family fortunes.
The ASCENDANT and MOONhold general signification
of health, changes and personal fortunes.
The SUNdenotes the father and male relatives, the
MOONdenotes the mother and female relatives.
N~pTuN~.-Events due to this planet are chaotic and
mysterious, sometimes due to treachery, fraud or im-
position. I t produces an involved state of affairs, and
voluntary or enforced seclusion frequently follows. Its
influence is seductive, sybaritic, and disposes to the use
of narcotics. The good aspects of Neptune bring benefits
connected with art and the exercise of special faculty.
U~~Nus.-Sudden and unexpected events transpire
under the influence of this planet. Strange coincidences,
romantic episodes, estrangements, bereavement and
accidents are attributed to its aspects. Its good aspects
give favours from governmental and civic bodies.
SATURN has a lingering influence and, when he afflicts,
he gives one plenty of time for reflecting. His good
effects are lasting and the planet has a steadying in-
fluence on the fortunes, when not depressing. H e hurts
by cold, contraction, privation, and obstruction ; some-
times by blows from heavy bodies or by falls producing
contusion, broken bones, insensibility, etc. Favours
from aged persons or benefits from old associations
may be expected from his good aspects.
JUPITERin good aspect brings increase of fortune,
advancement, honours, confidence, and good judgment
in affairs of life. His ill aspects bring losses, errors of
judgment, vanity or excessive confidence, disfavour of
judges, priests and nobles. H e hurts by excess, surfeit,
congestion, etc., giving "too much of a good thing,"
and disposing to what is popularly known as "the
swollen head."
MARSbrings activity, daring, enterprise, and decision.
I t increases the executive powers and stimulates to
expression of inherent faculty when in good aspect.
His evil aspects bring loss of blood, burns, abrasions,
cuts, and inflammatory action in the body. Also
theft or loss by fire or other sudden disaster or loss.
Military men, marines, surgeons, and workers in fire
and iron are under his influence.
VENUShas chief influence in domestic affairs,and
social life, and is the signification of the affections. Its
conjunction or good aspect denotes engagement or
marriage, or the birth of a child if married. Its evil
aspects are productive of bereavement, grief, disappoint-
ment, 'domestic trouble, and evils resulting from young
females.
' The SUN brings honours and advancement by his
good aspects ; and by his evil aspects displeasure of
superiors, governing bodies, masters, etc., also fevers
and reversal of fortune.
The MOONbrings changes, and benefits or troubles
through females of mature years, public bodies, and the
populace, according to its aspect.
MERCURY is controlled in its effects by that planet to
which it is in nearest aspect at birth, or if in no aspect,
by the ruler of the sign it occupies. Its good aspects
bring activity, increase of business, profitable jour-
neys, gain by writing, etc., and its evil aspects produce
worry, annoyances, evil news, sleeplessness, irregularity
of life.
If Mercury at birth be in closest aspect to a benefic
its conjunctions and good aspects will be much enjoyed ;
but if associated with a malefic at birth, its conjunction,
parallel or evil aspect can work great ill, and it may
even prove to be the messenger of death.

THE M E A S U R E O F TIME

Allow one year for every degree of the Arc of Direc-

tion and one month for every five minutes. The longer
a body may be in the process of forming an arc of direc-
tion, the longer will its effects be noticeable, not infre-
quently beginning to operate several months before the
climax of the Direction. A careful study of the nature
of a direction, z.e., of its process of formation, is the only
key to a correct time-measure of the duration of effects.
Thus, for example, aspects to the Ascendant from signs
of short ascension are rapid in formation and dissolution,
while those from signs of long ascension are slower in
passing the horizon : as, in the Royal Horoscope, T) 8
Ascendant in zod. 5g0xg' should register its effects
promptly, owing to Pisces, a sign of short ascension,
being then on the Ascendant; while @ 6 Ascendant
zod. d. 53'33' should be more lasting in effect, as then
the sign Scorpio would be associated with the horizon
and is a sign of long ascension.
 CHAPTER XIII.

I Nreviewing the Arcs of Direction which have been

used in illustration of our subject, it is impossible at
this date to overlook the extreme significance of those
attending the death of Queen Victoria, and those also
preceding and following it.
Lhave collected them into order of their formation, and
the array is certainly startling.
0 I

Uranus conjunct. Asc. mundo - 56 51

Ascdt. conjunct. -0 zod. - - 57 47
Sun opposit. if mundo - - 58 I3
S u n opposit. if zod. - 58 21
Mid-heaven square 0 mundo - 58 38
M.C. square T) zod. 58 58
Ascdt. semi-square if zod. - - 59 18
Ascdt. opposit. 1) zod.
Saturn semi-square Asc. mundo
- -- 59
59
I9
22
M.C. conjunct. \ zod. - - 59 42
Saturn conjunct. M.C. mundo 59 43
The Arc of Direction for the King's age at the date
of Queen Victoria's death is 5g014'.
ASC. 8 D zed. =5g019'
That of Sipido's attempt upon the King's life
measures to 58'25'.
0 oppos. if z0d.=58~21'
The death of the Empress Frederic (Princess ~ o y a l )
which occurredin August, 1901, requires an arc of 5g045',
and this is close to the Directions of Saturn to the M.C.
in zod. and mundo 59'42'-43'.
This very untoward series of Directions could not fail
t o produce a succession of very disastrous effects. T h e
Arc of Ascendant T) extends to February, 1902, before
which there is an Eclipse of the Sun close to the Sun's
place a t the nativity. T h e effects of Eclipses upon
important places in the horoscopes cannot be over-
estimated as they have a most baneful action upon the
health and fortunes.
Thus, in the case of Empress Frederic, the Eclipse of
Sun in November, 1900, fell close to the Sun's place a t
her birth ( ~ 1 s November,
t 1840) and that of May, 1901,
fell in still closer opposition to the radical Sun.
I have in these pages illustrated every kind of direction
that can legitimately be said to result from the apparent
motion of the heavens in regard to a particular place of
observation.
If the axial rotation of the Earth from West to EaGt
be kept in view it is quite in~possiblethat the student
can make topsy-turvydom of either mundane or zodiacal
Directions. I use this latter term with all reserve, see-
ing that they are not formed in the plane of the Ecliptic,
as are Secondary or Progressive Directions, but to
zodiacal places in the circle of observation, and that
they are as much mundane as the others so named.
T h e use of logarithms of sines, tangents, etc., may a t
first come awkwardly to the hand of the novice, but they
a r e of such help to the mathematician in the construc-
tion of a speculum from the Ephemeris, and in the pre-
paration of astronomical tables, as to be practically in*
dispensable. This boon we owe to Baron Napier of
Murchiston, who constructed them for the purpose of
astrological calculations, and in the same way we owe
the comparative accuracy of our Ephemerides to the
researches of Sir Isaac Newton, who, when a mere boy,
picked up a second-hand work on Astrology and was so
fascinated thereby that he commenced the study of
Astronomy the better to master the book of Destiny.
H e delivered much prophetic writing which the learned
men of the University have thought it expedient to
shelve ! T h e world has barely seen that other Sir Isaac,
the prophet and interpreter of stellar influence.
Kepler, who demonstrated the Law of Areas, that of
 Elliptic orbits, and the law of periodic squares, confesses
that constant observation-'' A n unfailing experience,"
,hesays-of mundane eventsin harmony with the changes
occurring in the heavens, had "instructed and compelled
.his unwilling belief." Here is a master-mind, used t o
the observation.of natural phenomena, and competent
in every way to form an unbiassed opinion in a matter
'of this nature, compelled against his inclination to a
belief in Astrology !
H e calculated horoscopes for many illustrious con-
temporaries. *So also did Tycho Brahe, the famous
[Danish Astronomer, whose Rudolphine Tables are the
model of those used by advanced astronomers to-day.
H e invited Kepler to assist him in his great work, and
died while it was yet unfinished. For many years he
subsisted solely upon the proceeds of his horoscopical
work. Seeing then. that the reader is in such honour-
able company, let him persevere in his studies, and
having convinced himself of the truth of the Science, let
him not be ashamed to declare it. The contents of the
following chapters form no part of the original plan of
this work upon Prognostic Astronomy, which aims
solely. at a clear exposition of the true method of calcu-
lating arcs of direction. But I have too much respect
for the critic not to lay my finger upon possible points
of debate before handing my work over to his tender
mercies. The student may concern himself, with them
o r not a s he pleases.
 CHAPTER XIV.

THEPart of Fortune or Lunar point is an ancient

Egyptian symbol @I used as a hieroglyphic t o express
4' propertyy' or "'territory," and is so preserved in
use by astrologers at the present day, though by
astronomers it is sometimes used to signify the Earth.
In Astrology it is held to denote property of all
kinds, but chiefly goods and chattels, land and house
property.
The method of computing its position in the horo-
scope is a matter of discussion. Some authors take
its Ecliptic position and this would be correct if
directions are made i n the plane of the Ecliptic as are
Progressive or Secondary directions. The rule for
finding its Ecliptic position is as follows :
Rule-Add together the longitude of the Ascendant
and the longitude of the Moon, and subtract from
their sum the longitude of the Sun.
Thus in the Royal Horoscope :
s. 0 '
Long. Asc. 8 27 37
Long. D 5 29 27
14 27 4
Long. 0 7 16 54
--
Long. @
-- 7 -10 io=in.roO~o'
But in Primary-Direction we are not concerned with
any measures made in tire plane of the Elliptic, but
solely with those made in the circle of observation, i.e.,
the prime vertical.
The rule is therefore as follows :
 As the Moon's position is to the Sun's, so is that of
the Part of Fortune to the Eastern horizon, measured
in the circle of observation.
W e have therefore to find what space intervenes
between the Sun and Moon as seen from the place of
birth.
Bring the Moon in the Royal Horoscope to con-
junction with Sun in mundo.

Semi-arc 0 6 7 31 log. - .42586

(a.c.) 9.57414
Mer. Dist. 0 1 3 58 - 1.11018
Semi-arc 3 8 5 28 ,*
- - -32348
Prop. Dist D 1 7 ' 41 ,. . I -00780
1st Dist.
Arc of Direction
-
D 32 37
50 18 D d 0 m. con.
-
If the Moon were in conjunction with the Sun in
mundo, the @ would be exactly on the Ascendant. If
the Moon were in opposition to Sun then @ would be
on the west horizon. From the conjunction to opposi-
tion of the luminaries the @ is under the horizon, and
from the opposition to the conjunction, it is above the
horizon. Hence, as the Moon is going to the conjunc-
tion, the above distance 50~18'will be that of @ above
the horizon.
Hence we have Horizontal Arc @ 50°18' Now
the semi-arc of the Part of Fortune is always that of
the Moon, diurnal if @ be above the horizon, and
nocturnal if below it. In this case the @ is above the
horizon and therefore has the Moon's semi-arc diurnal,
viz., 85'28'. Then
Semi-arc
Hor. Arc -- -- 0

@ 85 .28
@ 50 18
I

Mer. Dist.
R.A. of KC.-
- -- @ 35 19
210 27
R.A. of @ 245 37
 As the @ has the same semi-arc a s the D,it must
also have the same declination, viz., 3OS.36', and we
are therefore able to obtain its longitude, if required.
B u t a s all directions to the P a r t of Fortune must, on
this basis, be mundane, the longitude is not required.
T h e following are the requisite elements of the

PART O F F O R T U N E

K.A. 1 Mtr. Dill. 1 Semi-Arc \ Hor. A n \ Cvf Dill.

The. @ is therefore in the eleventh house, 6'41' from

i t s cusp.
I may now give one or two instances of directions to @ .

EXAMPLES

I. Bring q to conjunction @ in mundo.

Semi-arc @85 28 log. -32348

(ax.) 9'67652
Mer. Dist. @35 10 11 *70914
Semi-arc ' V.57 44 8 1 ,49385
Prop. Dist. 3 2 3 45 11 .87951
1st Dist. 3 5 0 16
Arc of Direction 26 31 ~ f d. @
--
2.Bring the Moon to the square aspect of a.
This aspect will fall in the eighth house, being the
space of these houses measured on the semi-arc of the
Moon. But as the semi-arc of the Moon and are
the same we merely take the cuspal distance of the @
from the D'S distanceto the eighth cusp.
 0

Semi-arc - - D56 59
Mer. Dist. - D32 57

D from 8th cusp

@ from n t h cusp -- 24 22
6 41

Arc of Direction I7 41 D a@

3. Bring Uranus to the square of @ in mundo. The

aspect falls in the second house, from the cusp of which
Uranus is situate 24O58', on a semi-arc of 95O37'.
0 .'
Semi-arc @85 28 log. -32348

(a.c.) 9.67652
Cusp. Dist. @ 6 41 I, 1-43028
Semi-arc g 9 5 37 91 "27474

Prop. Dist. 3 7 29 Ã
- 1.38154,
1st Dist. M24 58

Arc of Direction 17 29 M a@

I believe that the above method of computing the

place of @ is the only true method, as being strictly in
harmony with the basic principles of Primary Directions.
I n any system in which. difference of longitude is the
basis of measurement, I should simply take the longi-
tude of the Part of Fortune, and in regard to transits,
lunations and eclipses, I a m sure that this is the
correct point to observe.
Here, however, in the mundane system of directions,
the basis is entirely different. I t is no longer mere
longitude, but position of longitude in the prime vertical.
I t seems to me to be utterly beside the mark to
regard the Part of Fortune as a ? myth" because it
has no tangible existence, unless by the word we under-
stand a veil " hiding some great truth, as the ancient
mythos and symbol always did. For what, after all,
is the Mid-heaven or Ascendant but a particular degree
of the Ecliptic which at the moment of birth happens
t o be upon the meridian or horizon. And what is
this " degree " ifknot an intangible point, a mathema-
tical unit of space in an imaginary circle ? Yet what
observer would deny the influence of these particular
degrees or their specific signification ? I am afraid
that, under the pretext of building up the science, there
has been considerable tearing down and throwing
about of good material by certain writers on this subject.
 C H A P T E R XV.

THE apparent places of the planets given in t h e

Ephemeris are computed from the standpoint of an
observer supposed to be situated at the centre of the
Earth. But the place o f observation being on t h e
surface of the Earth and not at its centre, will affect
the observed position of the various bodies.
&nthe case. of the Sun and planets, their distances
from the Earth are so great as to render this difference
between their geocentric and observed positions of
practically no account. But in regard to the Moon, i t s
A . EarWs centre.
B. Place on Earth's surface.
C. Moon's Geocentric long.
D, Moon's Observed long.
nearness to the Earth renders the parallax of impor-
tance, if we are to regard the Moon as effecting its
influence by direct rays from its observed position t o
the place of observation. The above sketch will
show how the semi-diameter of the Earth effects the
apparent position of the Moon. The effect is exagger-
ated for the purpose of illustration. The Moon is, of
course, proportionately much further from the Earth
than the sketch indicates.
The Horizontal Parallax of the Moon is given in the
Nautical Almanac each day for n o o n a n d midnight.
The Parallax depends on the Moon's place in its orbit,,
and consequently on its distance from the Earth, and it
has to be corrected to the hour angle of the Moon at
any moment. Supposing, for instance, that the Hori-
zontal Parallax I) is given as 54' at noon on a particular
day of the year. This means that at Greenwich noon
the position of the T) in its orbit is such that wherever it
may be on the horizon at that time, its observed posi-
tion will differ from its geocentric position by 54'.
The Parallax is of course greatest when the Moon is
in Perigee, i.e., nearest the Earth, and least when in
Apogee, or farthest from Earth.
The longitude at which the Moon is farthest from the
Earth is known as its Apogee, and from this point to its
longitude at any date, measured on the Ecliptic, is the
Moon's Anomaly. This Anomaly is increased daily by
13~4'nearly, while the Moon's mean longitude is in-
creased daily by I 3O10'35". consequently, the Apogee
of the Moon is moving forward at 6'35'' per day, and in
the course of a year the Apogee of the Moon is actually
advanced in the zodiac by 40~53'45". Hence, the Hori-
zontal Parallax of the Moon is an irregular quantity s o
far as the Calendar is concerned. As, however, all
respectable Almanacs give the dates in eachmonth when
the I) is in Perigee and Apogee, an approximation to
within a minute of space can be made in regard to the-
1)'s Parallax at any date. For at the Apogee the mean
Parallax is 54'4" and does not vary more than a few
seconds; while a t Perigee the mean Parallax is 60'19"
and varies but little more than 1'.
 The following Anomalistic Table will render the cal-
culation of the place of the Moon's Apogee a matter of
simple addition and subtraction.
TABLES.
ANOMALISTIC

Epoch = o Jan. od. oh. om. 1800-Anomaly's gs. 20' 20'

Years add Days add

-

s. 0 I

2 28 43
5 27 27
8 26 10
0 7 57
3 6 40
6 5 24
9 4 7
0 15 54
3 I4 38
6 . 1 3 21
1 9 46
7 23 7
2 19 32
9 2 53
1 2 9 18
I0 1 2 39
5 9 ,3
11 22 24

Months add

Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July '
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
 W e may take an example of the use of these Tables.
I t is stated in the Almanac for 1901 that the Moon is
in Apogee on the 15th October. Let us test the Tables
by this statement.
ANOMALY
s. 0 r
Epoch 1800 -
Add go - -
I, 10 -
11
,
I -
October
, 15th - -
Anom. 15th October, 1901
Moon's long. -
Place of Apogee 7 13 22

Here we find by the Anomaly that the Moon is just

past its Apogee at noon on the 15th October, 1901, the
longitude of the Apogee being 1 ~ 1 3 ~ .
: Recollecting then that the Anomaly of a body is its
distance in longitude from its Apogee, we may at ones
find the Horizontal Parallax for this Anomaly by means
of the following Chord of Parallax, which I have invented
for the purposes of this treatise.

As in this place we are concerned specially with the

Royal Horoscope, let us find the Parallax for the 9th
'November, 1841.
 Epoch 1800
Add
-- -
-
9 20 20

II
40
-I -
. -
2
2
19 32
28 43
1841 3 8 35
,, November 0 45
?I
' 9th - - 3 27 35
Anomaly = 7 17 '55

W e find. by reference t o the Chord of Parallax that

the D'S Horizontal Parallax with this Anomaly is 59'.
The Moon is not, on the horizon. It is just below
the cusp of the ninth house, with an hour-angle - of
32'37' W.
This, then, will be the second part of our problem,
to find the Parallax due to the Moon's position a t the
Royal Nativity.
T h e latitude of the place of observation is 51~32'N.,
to which we add the Moon's declination S. 3O26', which
gives the Moon's Zenith distance a t southing as 55O8'.
This will form the base of a right-angled triangle,
whose base will be the Moon's meridian distance
3~~37'W . e have to find the length of the hypotenuse
in degrees and minutes of a circle, and this will give us
the Moon's Zenith distance at the moment of birth.
Log. COS. 32'37' 9.92546
+ Log. cos. 55O8' 9-75714
= Log. cos. 6i013' 9.68260
.-
The horizon being at all points goo from the zenith,
a t which distance we have found the Parallax to be 5g1,
we must find by proportion the Parallax due to the
Moon at a zenith distance of 61~13'.
As go0 : 59' : : 61~13'; 40'
The Moon will therefore be depressed by Parallax
toward the S.W. horizon to the extent of 4or, making
its zenith distance by observation 6i053', and its altitude
.go0- 61~53'=28~7',
The Moon's true zenith-distance at southing was
5s08' and by adding the proportion of Parallax due t o
this distance, viz., 36', we have its observed zenith dis-
tance at southing 55O44'. Then to obtain its observed
meridian distance or hour-angle :
Log. cos. 6i053' - 9.67327
- Log. cos. 55O44' 9-75054

This observed meridian distance, 33Oi1' less 32O37' its

true meridian distance, shows a difference of 34' between
a calculation of the Moon's Right Ascension from a
geocentric position and its Right Ascension taken from
,observation on the surface of the earth. If we admit
Parallax as a factor in Primary Directions, taking the
direct rays of the body to the place of birth as operative,
instead of the influence being via the Earth's centre,
then the observed place of the Moon must be the point
dealt with in calculating the arcs oi direction. But this
part of the enquiry I must leave to those who have time
and inclination to pursue it, and having shown the
method of calculating the parallactic angle, I leave it an
open question.

SEMI-DIAMETERS

The Moon's apparent semi-diameter, i.e., the distance

between its limb or outer edge and the centre of its disc,
is controlled by its distance from the Earth, just as is
Parallax. I t varies from 14'44" to 16'45" and hence its
apparent diameter will be between 29'28" and 33'30".
As all directions are made to the centre of a body, it
may reasonably be allowed in practice to take 15' to 17'
from the Arc of Direction to obtain the first contact,
and to add the same quantity to the arc to obtain the
last contact. Thus in the Direction Asc. 8 T) 5g019',
this would be extended from first to last contact thus :
Asc. 8 T> first contact 5g0 3'
Asc. 8 D zod. 5919'
Asc. 8 I) last contact 5g035'
The following Table may be useful :
 I) Semi-diameter = Parallax x ,2729
1

Parallax - 60'
-------
54' 55' 56' 57' 58' 59'
Semi-diameter - 14'44" 15'1" 15'17" 15'33" 15'50'' 16'6~~16'22'~

Similarly the Sun's disc has an apparent semi-diameter,

varying from 15'46" at Apogee to I 6'1 8" at' Perigee, and
in this case it will be sufficientif we apply only its mean
semi-diameter 16' to the Arc of Direction.
The semi-diameters of the planets are inconsiderable,,
as are also their parallaxes.
 CHAPTER XVI.

ALTHOUGH it is the custom to account one-third of a

planet's semi-arc as its house-space, yet in effect it is
not actually s o ; and by employing this uniform
division of the semi-arc, we undoubtedly sacrifice a
moiety of truth upon the altar of convention.
' That the time taken by a planet to pass from the
cusp of one house to that of the next is not uniformly
one-third of its semi-arc is evident from the fact that
the semi-arc of a planet, being parallel to the Equator,
does not lie in the same plane as the Circle of Observa-
tion (or Prime Vertical) which cuts the Equator at an
angle equal to the latitude of the place of observation.
Hence an equal division of the Circle of Observation,
such as is effected to produce the " Houses," will not
effect an equal division of any concentric circle except
such as lie in the same plane, or such as lie in planes
that are parallel to it.
The foregoing diagram represents one hemisphere of
the heavens reduced to the Earth's circumference.
The Circle M.C.-I.C., of which one half only is
shown, is the Circle of Observation in Latitude ~ 2 ~ 2N. 8'
I t c u t s t h e Equator at that angle, and is divided into
twelve equal parts (six only are shown) by circles
which converge and intersect at points ~ 7 ~ 3 N. 2 ' and
S. of the Equator. These divisions are the houses
numbered 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, and 4.
The Moon's place is shown near the cusp of the
eighth house on a semi-arc MD that is g08' N. of the
Equator, and 102'5' from M to D, that is from the
meridian to the point where the Moon sets on the W.
horizon H-H. T h e Moon's Meridian Distance M-T)
is 65'25'. The rotation of the Earth on its axis from
W. to E. makes the Moon appear to pass from the
Meridian at M to the Horizon at D along the arc
M T) D, which is its diurnal semi-arc. Its nocturnal
arc 77O54' extends from D to C. This semi-arc, like
that of Uranus above it and of Mars below it, is
parallel to the Equator. That portion of its arc
between the axis N.S. and the point D is the Moon's
ascensional difference due to its declination North.
Had the Moon been on the Equator its diurnal and
nocturnal semi-arcs would have been equal, as is the
case with the Sun at the Equinoxes.
Now it will be quite clear that as the D'S semi-arc is
not in the same plane as the Circle of Observation, M.C.
-I.C., nor in a plane that is parallel to it, the circles
representing the cusps of the houses ( H g H, H 8 H,
etc.) cannot cut it into equal parts, being themselves
a t equal distance from one another. Hence, although
the whole semi-arc of the T) 102~5'is equivalent to the
space of three houses or go0 of the Circle of Observa-
tion, yet each house will not comprise 34O2', or one-
third of the T)'S semi-arc, since the T) cuts into the cusp
of each house at a different obliquity.
I n order, therefore, to find the point at which the
Moon cuts into the cusp of each house successively,
and the space of its semi-arc intercepted, we must
calculate the obliquity of the Moon's arc under the
polar elevation of each cusp.
The formula and calculation are as follows :-

Log. tang. Ecliptic Obliquity 23'28' = 9-63761

+ Log. tang. Lat. of Place 5z028' - 10-11450

= Log. sine Asc. Diff. of Tropics 34'24' 9.75211

Log. sine (& of 34O24'=) 11~28' - g'zgS41

+ Log. cotang. E.O. 23'28' - - 10-36239

= Log. tang. Pole of 3rd, 5th, gth, 11th'

24O36' 9.66080

Log. sine (3 of 34'24'=) 22'56' - 9'59069

+ Log. cot. E.O. 23'28' - 10.36239

= Log. tang. Pole of 2nd, 6th, 8th, n t h ,

41'55' 9.95308

The meridian (tenth and fourth) has no obliquity,

and the pole of the first and seventh is that of the
latitude of place of observation, 52O28'.
W e now determine the D'S house-space, i.e., the
amount of its semi-arc intercepted by the cusps, by
taking its ascensional difference under the polar
elevation of the ninth and eighth, and add it to 30°
just as, in order to find its whole semi-arc, we take
the Moon's Ascensional Difference under the pole of
the first or seventh and add it to go0.
The I> is moving in an arc g08' N. of the Equator.
Then :
0 I

Log. tang. Pole 9th 24 36

+ Log. tang. Declin. J) g 8
= Log. sine Asc. Diff. 4 13
Add I House 30 0
D Arc in 9th House = 34 13
-
Log. tang. Pole 8th 41 55
+ Log. tang. Declin. J) g 8
= Log. sine Asc. Diff. 8 18
Add 2 Houses 60 o
Arc in 9th and 8th = 68 18
Arc in 9th 34 I3
Arc in 8th House 34 5

Log. tang. Pole 7th 52 28

+ Log. tang. Declin. J) g 8
= Log. sine Asc. Diff. 12 5
Add 3 Houses go o
102 5
Arc in 8th and 9th 68 18
Arc in 7th House . 33 47

W e now have the true arc of the Moon in each of the

three houses, ninth, eighth and seventh. In ninth
34'13'~ in eighth 34O5I9 in seventh 33O47', and these,
added together, give the whole semi-arc 102'5'.
.Therefore, instead of a uniform space of 34O2' we have
a different space of the Moon's arc in each house. In
order to find the Moon's position, to which all mundane
directions will be made, we take
 T) Space in 8th and 9th 68 18
Less Mer. Dist. J) - 65 25
J) 's Dist. from 8th cusp 2 53

There is here a difference of 14' from the distance as

usually calculated, viz., 2O39' which represents a
period of three months.
This true computation of the house-space does not
affect the meridian distance or semi-arc of the D. It
only affects its cuspal distance, and will throw out all
mundane directions made to the Moon's place, as well a s
those of the Moon to the mundane sextile Mid-heaven
and mundane trine Ascendant. But inasmuch as all
the planets are similarly affected in proportion to the
obliquity of their semi-arcs to the Circle of Observation,
the whole basis of mundane directions is in need of a
revision. I might have taken any other planet, Uranus,
for example, moving on an arc 23O1g' N.,and its
position and house-space would be found to be similarly
incorrect as calculated by the method of Placidus.
Note.-In the preceding diagram, the reader is sup-
posed to be looking at the spherical body of the Earth
from a position in space outside of it. Consequently
the curved arc of the Moon between the ninth cusp and
the meridian appears shorter than that between the
cusp of the eighth and point D on the horizon, while
in reality it is longer.
Now let us prove this unequal division of the semi-
arc to be a fact. This will entail disproving the
ordinary equal division of the semi-arc.
Postulate: When the body of a planet is on the cusp
of a house it must have the same oblique ascension or
descension as that cusp.
Take the ordinary method first.
The T) has Right Ascension 1 4 3 ~ 2 0Semi-arc
~~ 102'5'~
and Meridian Distance 65O25'. Its distance from the
cusp of eighth is (8Semi-arc 68O4' - Meridian Distance
65O25') =203g1.
The Oblique Descension of the eighth house cusp is
Right Ascension of Mid-heaven 208~45'- 60° 148'45'.
 Add z03g' to bring the J) to a conjunction with the
eighth cusp and obtain
0 I

Obi. Desc. of 8th at Direction = 151 24

Obi. Desc. of D under Pole of 8th = 151 38
Diff. - 14

This is exactly the same as we found before when

calculating the true house-space of Moon.
Now take the method of unequal division, which is
undoubtedly the true method.
0 I

D 's Dist. from cusp of 8th - 2 53

Add this to R.A. of M.C. - - 208 45
R.A. of Mid-heaven when I) is on
cusp of the 8th - 211 38
Take 60' for Obi. Desc. of 8th - 60 o
Obi. Desc. of 8th at Direction - 151 38
Obi. Desc. of T) under Pole of 8th - 151 38
- -
Take another example.
When the T) was on the cusp of the ninth, its
meridian distance must have been the same as its
house-space, which we have found to be 3 4 O 1 3 ' , while
the ordinary method gives 3 4 O 2 ' .
0 I

I) 's
House-space in 8th - - 34 5
Distance from cusp . - 2 53
Dist. below 9th 31 12

From R.A. of M.C. - 208 45

Take (as above) - - 31 12
R.A of M.C. when JI was on the 9th
cusp - I77 33
R.A. of Moon - - 143 20
Dist. required 34 13
 No further proof is needed.
I t will be well, however, that the student should take
out the distances of the planets under the pole of those
houses t o the cusps of which they are applying at birth.
A table of the Poles of the houses for every even
degree of latitude between 45' and 55O is here annexed.
T h e elevation due to the fractional parts can be found
by proportion.
POLAR
ELEVATION

N. Lat.
1 3rd 5thl
9th 11th
1 2nd. 6th
8th 1 2 t h

Obi. of Ecliptic = 23'27'

Having obtained the arc of a planet in the ninth its

arc in the tenth will be the same, and by subtracting
this arc from 60°its arc in the third and fourth houses
will be found.
Having also its arc in the eighth, that in the eleventh
will be the same, and the a r c for the second and fifth
will be found by taking it from 60'.
T h e arc for the twelfth and seventh is the same, and.
by taking it from 60' we have the arc for the .first and
sixth.
There can be little doubt 'that a true system of
Primary Directions can only be evolved from a close
adherence to astronomical principles of calculation, and
anything like loose figuring in a system which is
purely mathematical, will only end in dissatisfaction.
Fortunately for the science, the Zodiacal Directions
which belong to this system do not come under the
same imputation of inaccuracy and are far more
numerous than those in mundo. Consequently a very
good show has always been possible with expert know-
ledge of the system. But when, as is frequently the
case, an event of great importance has been signified
chiefly by a mundane arc of Direction, rectification from
that event by the old method of equal house-space
could only make doubt more doubtful still. And per-
haps this accounts for the general experience, that
when a nativity has been rectified so as to make an
appropriate arc of direction coincide with a specific
event, other arcs do not synchronise with the events
they are held to signify.
I trust that in the hands of experienced and patient
workers, these suggestions will bear fruit such as one
may conscientiously dedicate to the cause of Truth.
 CHAPTER XVII.

ALTHOUGH it is certainly a fact that the influence of a

planet or luminary is perpetually vested in the place
(mundane or zodiacal) originally held by that body, yet,
a s the influence of these bodies is continuous after the
moment of birth as before it, attention should be given
to their actual positions at the time they form a con-
junction or aspect by direction.
Within the space of six hours, or an arc of go0, the
Right Ascensions of the major bodies will not have
materially altered, nor will their semi-arcs have under-
gone any appreciable change by difference of declination.
This will apply also to the minor planets when retrograde.
In the case of the Moon, however, a material altera-
tion of Right Ascension will be effected in even the
space of half-an-hour.
Let us take an illustration of the second distance of
the Moon in the royal horoscope. W e have already
directed the Moon's longitude to the western horizon
(Chap. X., ex. 4) where we found the arc of direction to
be 5g0ig'. The speculum shows us that the direction
of the Moon's body in mundo to the same point measures
an arc of 5~~51'.
During the time taken in the formation of these arcs
the Moon will be moving forward in the zodiac, increas-
ing its Right Ascension, and its declination south.
The ecliptic longitude and the Right Ascension of the
Moon at the time of its setting have to be found.
Take the mundane arc 52'51' first, and convert it
into time =3h. 3103. 24s. Rule: Divide the degrees by
15 and call the result hours. Multiply the remainder
by 4 and call them minutes. Then divide the minutes of
space by 15 and call them minutes of time. Multiply
the remainder by 4 and call them seconds of time. Thus :

The Nautical Almanac, Whitaker's Almanack and some

other publications give a Table for converting Time
into Equatorial Degrees and the reverse of this.
W e must now find the increase of the Moon's longi-
tude and declination for 3h. 31m. by means of the
Ephemeris ; and thence take its corrected Right Ascen-
sion and semi-arc. .
T h e Moon's diurnal motion is 13~49'. Using diurnal
proportional logarithms we have :
Diurnal motion 13 49 log. - 3398
Time 3h.31m. ,, -8341
Acceleration 2 I ., 1.0739
1st Long. DV29 27
2nd .? DA I 28

T h e Moon's Declination increases

0 I

5 58 in 24 hrs. - - log. .Go45

3h. 31m. (as before) - ,, .8341
o 52 increment - 1-4386
3 36 1st Declin.

4 28 2nd log. tang. 8-89274

51 32 Latit. *I IS 10-09991
5 39 Asc. Diff. - ,, sine 8-99265
90 0
84 21 Semi-arc T),at setting.
 Now for the Right Ascension :
0 I

Cos. Declin. 4 28 log. 9.998679

(a.c.) 0.001321
Cos. Lat. (2nd) 4 16 ,, 9'998795
Cos. Long. A I 28 ,, 9.999858
Cos. R.A. 0 38 9.999974
Libra = 180 o
R.A. ~ 1 8 038 Q.E.F.
R.A. of M.C. 210 27

Mer. Dist. D 29 49
Semi-arc D 84 21
Hor. Arc = 54 32 1) 8 Asc. (2nd position)
Hor. Arc = 52 51 D 8 Asc. (1st position)

-1-41
W e have therefore an arc of i04i' (corresponding to
an interval of one year and eight months), between
the opposition of the Moon's radical place in mundo and
the opposition of 1)'s body, or in other words: an
interval of 6m. 44s. of time elapses between the setting
of the Moon's place a s seen from London at 10.48 a.m.,
9th November, 1841, and the actual setting of the
Moon's centre on the same date. This observation
institutes a series of double directions in the case of the
Moon, and smaller differences will be due on the same
account to Mercury, Venus, Sun and Mars. No doubt
they play some part in the general imputation of fickle-
ness levelled against '' fair Cynthia " by astute observers
of her influence. I t may help, along with parallax, to
explain why the directions of the Moon to important
places in the horoscope are sometimes void of any
apparent effect at the ascribed time, and why some
directions continue so long in effect.
Let us now take the direction of the Moon in the
zodiac, for the second distance.
W e have already found the arc of the Moon to
opposition Ascendant in zodiac to be 59' 19'. This
corresponds to 3h. 57m. 16s. and we now find the
Moon's increase of longitude for this interval.
0 I

Diurnal motion 13 49 log. -2398

Time 3h.57m. ,, - .7836
Acceleration 2 16
1st Long. D"W9 27
2nd Long. D+ 1 43

The Obi. Desc. of this point

Obi. Desc. of 7th House
Arc of D long. to W. horizon = 60 16

Collating all these arcs :

T) 's place Radix oppos. Ascdt. m. - 52 51

5)'sbody to oppos. Ascdt. m. - - 54 32
T> 's long. Radix oppos. Ascdt. zod. - 59 I9
7)'s long. a t setting oppos. Ascdt. zod. - 60 16

Mean Arc 1) 8 Asc. 56 44&

Total Range of Arc 7) 8 Asc. - - 7 25

Mean mundane Arc 7) 8 Asc. - - 53 41&

Range of ,, fl 2 I 1 41

Mean zodiacal ,, st - 59 474

Range of ,, 81 .* - - 0 57

W e have here a total arc of 7'25' ranging from

September, 1894, to February, 1902, during which the
Moon can legitimately be said to affect the fortunes by
its opposition to the Ascendant.
If the true arc for the Moon's setting be reduced by
parallax, we have a still further range of influence,
thus,:-
 0 I

T) 8 Asc. mundo, Arc - 52 51

Parallax - 40
D 's place sets by observation 52 11

T) 's true setting, Arc - 54 32

Horizon Parallax 59
D'S body sets by observation 53 33

The question involved is of extreme interest, but it

cannot possibly be answered from a single instance.
A large number of cases would have to be taken, the
mundane directional arcs reduced by Parallax, and in-
creased by Right Ascension, and the zodiacal increased
by Oblique Descension. A survey of the six resulting
arcs in reference to the events of life would certainly
afford some evidence in favour of one method or another,
and so render "the frequently observed disparity
between the Moon's arcs of direction and the corre-
sponding events" a thing of the past.
RIGHT ASCENSION AND
DECLINATION
FOR EVERY DEGREE OF T H E ZODIAC

A N D THE

ASCENSIONAL DIFFERENCE
OF EVERY DEGREE IN LAT.
 Declin.
I .I
Rt. Ascen. London
I Birming'm

VS' For the R.A. of Libra add 180' to the same

degree of Aries. The Declin. and Asc. Diff.
are the same for both.
Deg.
-
0

0
1
Declin.

11
11
I

29
50
t . Ascen. London

,lo ! I O
Birming'm Liverpool

2 12 10
3 12 31
4 12 51
5 13 12
-..-
6
7
8
9
10

KS' For R.A. of Scorpio add 180' to the same

degree of Taurus. The Declin. and Asc. Diff.
are the same for both.
 Declin. Rt. Ascen. London Birming'm Liverpool
---
0 I 0 1 0 1 0 I

20 10 67 49 27 31 29 39
20 22 58 52 27 52 30 1
20 35 59 54 28 12 30 23
20 46 60 57 28 31 30 44
20 57 62 0 28 49 31 4
21 8 63 3 29 8 31 24
- --
21 19 64 7 29 25
21 29 65 10 29 42
21 39 66 14 29 59
21 49 67 18 30 15
21 58 68 22 30 30

fSS" For the R.A. of Sagittarius add 180°t the

. same degree of Gemini. The Declin. and
Asc. Diff. are the same for both.
 Declin. Rt. Ascen. London Liverpool
0 I 0 I

90 0 35 46
91 5 35 45
92 11 35 44
93 16 35 42
94 22 35 39
95 27 35 35
96 32 35 30
97 38 35 24
98 48 85 17
99 48 35 10
100 53 35 1
.- --

101 58 34 52
103 3 34 42
104 8 34 31
105 12 34 20
106 17 34 7
--
107 21 38 54
108 26 33 40
109 30 33 26
110 34 33 10
Ill 38 32 54
--
112 42 32 37
113 46 32 20
114 50 32 2
115 53 31 43
116 57 31 24

KS" For the R.A. of Capricornus add 180Âto the.

same degree of Cancer. The Declin. a n d
Asc. Diff. are the same for both.
 Liverpool
- 0 I

29 89
29 16
28 53
28 29
28 5
27 41
27 16
26 61
26 25
25 69
25 33

2S3 For the R.A. of Aquarius add 180Q to the

same degree of Leo. The Declin. and Asc.
Diff. are the same for both.
 Deg. Declin. Rt. Ascen. London Liverpool

VS' For the R.A. of Pisces add 180Â to the same

degree of Virgo. The Declin. and Asc. Diff.
are the same for both.
TERNARY PROPORTIONAL
LOGARITHMS
 o0 lo 2 O
Infinite. 2-25527 1.95424
4-03342 2.24809 1.95064
3'73239 2-24103 1.94706
3-55630 2-23408 1-94352
3'43136 2'22724 1'94000
3'33445 2-22051 1-93651
 -
' Deg. Declin. It. Ascen. London 1 ~ i r m i n ~ 'Liverpool
m

tSS' For the R.A. of Libra add 180' to the same

degree of Aries. The Declin. and Asc. Diff.
are the same for both.