Study and Application on the Architecture and Key
Technologies for IOT
Zhihong Yang
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Taiyuan,
Shanxi Branch
Tai Yuan, Shanxi Branch , CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030001
yangzhihong@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
Yingzhao Yue
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Taiyuan,
Shanxi Branch
Tai Yuan, Shanxi Branch , CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030001
yueyingzhao@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
Yu Yang
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Taiyuan,
Shanxi Branch
Tai Yuan, Shanxi Branch , CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030001
jzyangyu@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
Abstract—IOT refers to the third scientific and economic tide
after computer, Internet in the global information industry,
having attracted highly attention of governments, enterprises,
and academia, and brought a huge new market for the
communication industry. At present, global main operators and
equipment suppliers begin to provide M2M business and
solution. Here mainly introduces the concept of IOT, analyses the
structure of IOT: perception layer, network layer, application
layer. Sets forth the key technologies of IOT: RFID, network
communication, etc. At length, it proposes the future
development and reform trend of IOT.
Keywords- IOT ; perception layer ; network layer ; application
layer ; Architecture; Key technology; the application of IOT;
I. INTRODUCTION
The concept of things is regarded as another scientific and
economic tide in the global information industry after the
internet, having attracted highly attention of governments,
enterprises, and academia. America Europe and Japan even
enlist it in their national and informational strategy. The IOT is
a kind of expanding and extending network technology, with
the basis of internet technology, whose core and basis are
internet technology. Its users can also be applied to expand and
extend. The definition of IOT refers to accordance with the
appointed agreement having any objects connected with
internet to exchange information and communicate to realize
intelligent recognition, orientation tracing, monitor and
978-1-61284-774-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
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Yufeng Peng
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Taiyuan,
Shanxi Branch
Tai Yuan, Shanxi Branch , CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030001
pengyufeng@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
Xiaobo Wang
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Network
Opration & Management Center, Shanxi Branch
Network OMC Shanxi CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030009
wangxiaobo1@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
Wenji Liu
China Mobile Communications Corporation, Taiyuan,
Shanxi Branch
Tai Yuan, Shanxi Branch , CMCC
Tai Yuan, Shan Xi Province, China; 030001
liuwenji@sx.chinamobile.com.cn
management through the information peripheral equipments,
such as, RFID, infrared sensor, GPS and laser scanner etc.[1][2]
II. ARCHITECTURE OF IOT
IOT’s main features includes all-out perception, reliable
transmission and intelligent operation.” all-out perception”
refers to collect and acquire information anywhere and at
anytime for objects by using the perception capture and
measurement technique manners. Such as, RFID, two
dimensions bar code, camera, sensor, and sensor networks.
“Reliable transmission” refers to have things connected with
information network, and exchange and share the reliable
information through the blending of communication networks
and internets[2][3]. “Intelligent operator” refers to analyses the
mass data and information of different regions, industries and
sectors through various intelligent computing technologies,
such as, clouding computing, fussy recognition etc. to enhance
the insight to physical world and economic and social various
activities and changes, so as to realize the intelligent decision
and control.
In mobile communication industry, IOT can be divided into
3 parts, 3-layer systems: perceptive layer, network layer and
application layer. Figures 1 are the architecture of IOT defined
by China Mobile[4].
Perception layer functions as nerve endings, such as,
people’s eyes, ears, nose, and throat. It is the source for IOT to
recognize things and collect information. Its main functions are
recognizing things and collecting information. A network layer
consists of various private network, internet, wired and
wireless communication net. Functions as people’s nerve
control and brain is used to transmit and cope with the
information from perception layer. Application layer is the
interface between IOT and users (including man, organization
and other systems). it connects with the industry needs to
fulfill the intelligent application of IOT[5].
Figure 1. Architecture of IOT
A. Perception layer
Perception layer ‘ main task is to collect simply process
information part of scholar call it perception and extension
layer it consists of traditional wireless sensor network, WSN
radio frequency identification, RFID and final controlling
element. The application layer includes two dimness bar code
label recognize device, RFID label ,camera gaps’ sensor and
m2m terminal, handheld terminal ,sensor network, sensor
gateway . The main problem at this layer should be solved is
recognizing and perceiving things: collecting and capturing
information. What the perception layer should break though is
to get the more sensitive and comprehensible perception
competence and solve the problem in respect to low-power,
miniaturization and low-price aspect.
B. Network layer
IOTs network layer is established on the basis of the current
mobile telecommunication and internet. Its main feature is to
convey the information between a long distance. Network layer
comprises various communication network and integrated
network based on internet, which is generally regarded as the
most mature part. Besides, it includes the part that intelligently
processes the massive information. The management center of
IOT information center clouding computing, platform, expert
system, etc. that is to say network layer not only has the
competence of network operation, but also enhance the
competence of information operation. For example, in the cell
phone payment system, as soon as the network layer finishes
confirming the built-in RFID information collected and
uploaded to internet through simply equipment, the payment
will be conducted through bank network. Network layer is the
infrastructure for IOT to provide common service
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C. Aapplication Layer
The main task for application layer is to discover service
and take on service. The application layer is a connection of
IOT technologies and sector professional technologies and a
layer to realize the wide intelligent application by providing
various solutions. It is the application layers that finally
realizes the deep blending between information technology and
sector, and have a broad impact on the national economic and
social development. For application layer the key issue is to
share the information to the communities and secure the
information safety.
The application layer provides specific service to users
through the analyzed and processed perception data. The
application for IOT can be divided into _and so on. Application
layer is the final goal for IOT development, software
development and intelligent control technology will offer
colorful application of IOT. The development for various
sectors and families .application will promote the popularity of
the IOT and will benefit the whole IOT industrial chain.
III. THE FRAME WORK OF IOT TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM
The development and application of the Internet of Things
is based on the perception layer which mainly includes such
technologies as RFID, sensor and control, short range wireless
communication and so on. In all of this, some smaller branches
are divided into, including the chip research and development,
communication protocol research, FID materials, and
intelligent node power supply etc [6].
A. Technology of the Perception Layer in the Internet of
Things
.
RFID, an auto identification technology without touching,
is one of the important core technologies of the perception
layer. It gets data concerned through radio-frequency signal
identifies the objectives automatically, so the identification
does not need the man involved and it can work under various
poor conditions. FID tags pasted and fixed on the equipment as
well as the canister and the sensor used to identify RFID
information all belong to the perception layer [7].
The application based on this kind of technology has
existed in the ETC and Supermarket Warehouse Management
System and so on. As shown in figure 3: the perception layer is
made up of intelligent sensor node and access gateway. The
intelligent sensor node percepts information(temperature,
humidity and image etc.) and transmit it to the upper gateway
access points by itself networking, then the point information
collected by the gateway access submit the information to the
background through network layer for processing. RFID pastes
tags for objectives to enable it to have characteristics such as
reading in a long distance (a few meters to tens of meters),
strong penetration ability (directly read information penetrating
packing box), without abrasion, non-touching, anti-pollution,
high efficiency (dealing with multiple tags simultaneously),
including more information etc. Therefore, to fully play the
role of RFID and make the electric tag popular and practical in
the area of goods circulation under the globalization, the global
standard must be adopted, which is good for the rapid
development of the Internet of Things [8][9].
Figure 2. RFID of perception layer in IOT
In a word, the perception layer of the Internet of Things in
the area of mobile communication needs to be improved. The
problems and key technologies that need to be solved include:
• remote administration: Internet of Things’ quality
guarantee of service firstly comes from effective
information collection, so the basic key technologies
are the effective administration on the sensor
equipment such as the sensor, RFID reader, GPS,
camera and etc, the communication terminal
equipment and the subnet and the access gateway in
the perception layer.
• Low cost: The low cost is one of the important
technologies to make the Internet of Things applied on
a large scale, including sensor technology with a low
cost as well as the RFID tags and MZM module.
• Low consumption: Low consumption is a key
technology that reduces the dependence of perception
layer on the power to satisfy more applied situation. It
can be realized through optimizing network
communication protocol to lower the communication
consumption or adopting other energy supplement such
as the polar energy and biotic energy.
• Sensor’s perception ability: Intelligent sensor,
biological sensor and MEMS are the development
direction in the area of sensor.
• Sensor network industrialization: Sensor network is the
important supplement to the mobile communication
network and the constant improvement of the core
technology and engineering technology is the
important premise for the realization of
industrialization.
• Peripherals plug and play: peripherals include sensor,
controller, GPS, camera, RFID reader and so on. The
plug and play is the important technology to make the
business deploy flexibly and administrate the
perception ability effectively.
B. Network layer technology in Internet of Things
The network is the infrastructure for the information
delivery and service support of Internet of Things. It helps to
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realize the high reliable and safe delivery of the perception
information through the function of common Internet [10][4].
The administration and handling technology for the
perception data in the network layer is the core technology that
makes the Internet of Things centered on the data realized. This
technology includes data’s memory, inquiry, analysis,
excavation and comprehension as well as the theory and
technology of decisions and behaviors based on the data. As
the memory and analysis platform of mass perception data,
cloud calculative platform will be the important part of network
layer and also be the foundation of most application in the
application layer. In the industrial chains, the operator of
communication network takes up a vital position in the
network layer, and the rapid development of the cloud
calculative platform will be another assistant to the progress of
Internet of Things [11].
Sensor networks put the technology of sensor, embedded
computing, modern network and wireless communication and
distributed information processing together, so it can promptly
monitor, percept and collect information of various
environments and objectives monitored with the help of
various mini-sensor which is integrated. Then the information
is processed by the embedded system and transmitted to the
final user by the wireless communication network with the
method of multi-hop relaying, so the concept of the computing
is anywhere can be actually realized. The frame of a typical
sensor network usually consists of sensor node, receiver
transmitter, Internet, communication satellite and task-
administration node. On the accession of the node’s destruction
or out of work, the system can adjust automatically to ensure
the regular communication of the whole system.
The network communication technology of sensor provides
the transmitting path for the Internet of Things data. This
technology is divided into two different aspects, namely, short
distance communication and wide area network
communication. The short distance communication represented
by the IEEE 802.15.4 is the mainstream at present. As to the
wide area network communication, IP Internet,2G/3G mobile
communication and satellite communication technology have
turned the teletransmission of information into reality.
Especially the development of the next generation Internet
cored on the iIPv6 makes it possible to assign IP addresses for
each sensor and creates a fine basic network condition for the
development of sensor networks. The communication
technologies related to the sensor networks usually include
Bluetooth, IrDA, wi-Fi, ZigBee, RFID, NUWB,NFC,Wireless
Hart etc[7][11].
In the network layer of the mobile communication area, the
problems and key technologies that need to be solved include:
• Business operation ability: Business operation ability
includes the operation of communication and
information abilities. It is required constantly to
strengthen the ability of communication service and
actively improve the key technologies related to the
ability of information operation, which is the
significant direction to realize the sustainable
development of the Internet of Things.
 • Mass access ˖ The development expectation of the
Internet of Things is going to surpass the scale of
everyone communication. So in order to handle the
greater requirements from the machine communication
and realize the machine communication at a low cost,
it is essential to optimize the mobile communication
network.
• Code system: the code is one of the core resources for
operators. In order to satisfy the sustainable
development of the business, it is required to provide
sufficient code resources and effective systems of
machine addressing.
• Site-to-site Qos:the information diversity that the
Internet of Things takes is huge, so different service
quality should be provided in accordance with the
different values of the information. In this way,
differentiated service of site-to-site Quos can be
realized to satisfy the requirements of different
business.
• Site-to-site safety: the information that the Internet of
Things takes also requires different safety quality. The
key information related to enterprise production,
government management and daily life requires top
site-to-site safety.
C. Application layer technology in Internet of Things
Application technology is the basis for the development of
Internet of Things. This layer mainly includes application
support platform layer and application service son layer. The
former is applied to the synergy, share and intercommunication
of information in supporting multi-industry, cross application
and crosscut. The latter includes intelligent transportation,
intelligent medical, intelligent home, intelligent logistics and
intelligent power etching the application layer, the problems
and key technologies that need to be solved include:
• Industry fusion technology: the effective fusion of the
technologies of communication, networks and industry
IT is the important reflection of the value of Internet of
Things.
• Application integration technology: it includes key
technologies on engineering such as system integration
technology and the application design, deployment as
well as maintenance.
D. Safety and privacy technology in the Internet of Things
The key points of safety: it should ensure that the
information and data are authentic and complete, those
collected reflect the real situation, those transmitted are
confidential to the other side and the information and data
cannot be disclosed. The whole system should be stable,
reliable and effective.
The Internet of Things is in essence the application of
communication technology and items of information. Its goal is
to facilitate the information exchange between people and
objects or between objects, but this goal also must rely on the
application of the information safety technology, No matter
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whether the application background of Internet of Things is
safe and sensitive(such as airport anti-intrusion system or
environmental monitoring system in some place),there must be
a design for information safety when building the application
system because there is no application without safety and there
is no development without application, which is the destiny of
information system and especially true for the wireless
communication system. Without the safety design, once the
system of the Internet of Things is invaded by the information
safety, not only do the data and information obtained become
meaningless, but also the invasion is harmful and even causes
the system to break down or collapse. Information safety
technology of the Internet of Things is mainly concerned with
intrusion detection, information encryption, malicious node
identification and elimination etc. [4][12]
The safety technology includes the network monitoring and
firewall technology, network access control technology,
distributed intrusion detection technology, contacts after repair
technology division, light encryption/decryption algorithm and
anti-malicious software and anti-virus technology.
IV. THE APPLICATION AREAS OF INTERNET OF THINGS
Now every application of Internet of Things such as
logistics, intelligent grid, intelligent transportation and medical
information service etc. has built their own platforms and has
own development tools, which belongs to development mode
of shaft. Actually, it is a waste without links between each
system. The more appropriate development mode of the service
that Internet of Things provides in the future should be a kind
of development platform, instrument and every stock applied to
every system. These are used to go about various developments
and at last these developments are applied to each specific
system.
The mobile Internet of Things in Shanxi provides service
for the economic and social development. Environmental E-
police, smart meter reading and irregular security are the
typical cases that the Internet of Things is applied to Shanxi
mobility.
A. The on-duty environmental E-police for the whole day
The remote monitoring of the environmental protection is
also one of the development directions of the Internet of
Things. Pollution automatic monitoring and controlling system
put into operation in Shanxi province in September,2009 is the
first one throughout the country. This system monitors 376 key
exhaust emission enterprises related to chemical industry,
coking, eiectric power and metallurgy etc. as well as 290
wastewater pollution enterprises.
B. Conscientiousness of intelligent meter reading
Shanxi mobile aims to satisfy the business demand for
complex and polytrophic power industry. It introduces a series
of composite programs to solve the Electric Power Information
Technology. This program is based on the Remote Monitor
System which is wireless and data internet that can realize the
remote and real time control and management to major user
.Power distribution transformer and power transformer
substation. The message power service system will be better to
provide all kinds of business for civilian customers of power
industry. The business can improve the service level for power
customer. It involves inquiry repairs customs service an
complaints etc. Power Meter reading is a type of typical
application of internet of things. We only need to install a sim
card make use of anywhere mobile internet, send the date to
application platform the application of internet will formulate
among the objects. as same as we use a cell phone to surf the
net. As long as we send a signal at this side the data will come
to this side automatically form that side not only does it avoid
disturbing the user but also sharply saves the costs by manual
meter reading. Therefore it reduces the later intensity for power
staff.
C. off-staff security guards the safety
The monitor business of safety connects security is an
innovation which based on the notion of internet of things by
Shan xi mobile that can provide the functions of remote video
monitor and warning to customers whenever and wherever the
customer could browse the video situation that being monitored
through the manners of network and cell phone . or they realize
safety protection monitor by the manner of cell phone message
and multimedia message that forts receive warning signal
currently the application products supply safety and
indemnification for the large customers that being widely
accepted and welcome .
D. 4the application of internet of things by three big
operators during shanghai world expo
The internet of things of china mobile has achieved scale
development in shanghai the typical applications of” chuwu
tong” remote intelligent wireless meter reading and wireless
video monitor have got prominent development. with the cell
phone ticket as a representative of xell phone payment and td-
lte “antrmna” sea treasure robot that are the newest application
achievement of internet of things that have become world expo
brightness of science and technology. It is the combination
between the newest mobile communication technology and
industrial automation technology, and also the canonical
application in the field of internet of things. It is supported by
TD-LTE technology that belongs to our national independent
intellectual property right. An increasing number of citizens
and Expo tourists are integrated into urban intelligent life
which is newly created by the internet of things of china
mobile.
The desk lamp is actually the model of intelligent
illumination control and displayed by Pudong service hall of
china telecommunication. The IPVA of china
telecommunication is the new product which integrates UIT
SATA with intelligent image analysis technique in shanghai. It
gets spot monitor images from UIT SATA, analyses the images
intelligently, and offers data management service of passenger
movement for end-client.
All kinds of business of internet of things based on union
3GWCDMA,from GPS to swipe card, have got successful
application in shanghai world expo in 2010 and yield unusually
brilliant results .
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V. CONCLUSION
The internet of things is a dynamic frame of global
network. It is equipped with own organization on the basis of
standard and public-owned communication protocol. As an
applied driver, the IOT need to integrate with application
closely. It is a complete process that needs to resolve the
integration between objects and objects as well as the relative
information of object. The industry involves base research
product design and fabrication. It involves industry application
system integration. Therefore we need to build an industry
chain environment that can adopt to the anywhere demand of
application development form people to people form objects to
objects and from people to objects. The internet of things is the
global and considerable technology revolution after the
network and wireless network. It is also a major that effect the
humans manufacture and life.
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