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1. AZER BEKANG,S.Pd
2. SENIMAN,S.Pd,M.Si
3. SATRIA BANNE RARA’,S.Pd
4. YANET BANO,S.Pd
5. TANDREANG,S.Pd
6. ILHAM THAMRIN,SS
1. Menggunakan modality (Core Modals dan Semi Modals) dalam berbagai kompetensi kebahasaan
(linguistik, wacana, sosiolinguistik, dan strategis).
2. Menentuka modality (Core Modals dan Semi Modals) yang tepat sesuai konteks
A. INTRODUCTION:
Modal verbs (can, could, must, should, ought to, may, might, will, would, shall) are modal auxiliary
verbs that express ability, necessity, obligation, duty, request, permission, advice, desire, probability,
possibility, etc. Modal verbs express the speaker's attitude to the action indicated by the main verb.
· He might leave soon. (possibility)modality (Core Modals dan Semi Modals) yang tepat sesuai
konteks
TYPE OF MODALS
A modal may have several different meanings, while similar meanings may be expressed by using
different modals:
Ø He can't be at home; I've just met him. (deduction)
Ø Unless you finish your homework, you can't go to the cinema. (prohibition)
The modal verbs (or modal auxiliary verbs) are: can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should and
must.
· Modal verbs always come first in a verb phrase and are followed by a bare infinitive. When used
with a perfect infinitive, modal verbs usually refer to past time:
ü I could hear the dog barking outside. (modal + simple bare infinitive)
ü You must have been waiting for hours. (modal + perfect continuous bare infinitive) )
• Modal verbs form their negative and interrogative like other auxiliaries and not with do: i
ü I can't swim.
• Modal verbs have no proper past tense; however, could, would, might and should may be
used to refer to past time:
• Modal verbs have no infinitive, -ing or past participle forms and cannot be followed by other
modal verbs. When necessary, modal idioms or other expressions are used instead of them:
Ø If you want to be a sailor, you must can swim. If you want to be a sailor, you must be able to swim.
Ø I have canned swim since the age of five. I have been able to swim since the age of five.
be able
to be allowed
to be about
to be bound
to be going
to be likely
Other expressions that carry modal meanings are: be to, had better, have (got) to, would rather.
We often use modal verbs or other modal expressions when we want to express an opinion or
attitude about a possible fact or to control a possible action. All modal expressions are about the
speaker‘s or writer‘s view of the world.
He is her brother,She told me. I know this fact for certain.I am not
expression an opinion about it. I am
starting it as a fact.
We can divide most modal words and expressions into two types of meaning:
1.The speaker or writer decides how certain something is, either in the present, future or
past. We see this type of meaning when we talk about degrees of certainty, possibility,
likelihood, doubt:
ü Paula can’t be home yet. It’s impossible. She left 10 minutes after us.
[The speaker hears the phone ring and predicts who is ringing.]
2. The speaker or writer wants to control or ‗direct‘ the action. They give and refuse
permission. They talk about obligation and necessity. They talk about how they would like
the world to be:
We can divide most modal words and expressions into two types of meaning:
1.The speaker or writer decides how certain something is, either in the present, future or past. We
see this type of meaning when we talk about degrees of certainty, possibility, likelihood, doubt:
ü Paula can’t be home yet. It’s impossible. She left 10 minutes after us.
[The speaker hears the phone ring and predicts who is ringing.]
2. The speaker or writer wants to control or ‗direct‘ the action. They give and refuse
permission. They talk about obligation and necessity. They talk about how they would like
the world to be:
a. could b. might
a. can b. have to
4. … you open the window, please? It‘s hot in here. (Polite request)
a. could b. couldn‘t
c. won‘t c. wouldn‘t
5.
A: Where is Anna?
a. could b. should
c. must d. has to
Exercises
a. may b. can
c. Could d. has to
Choose the most appropriate answer to express strong probability. Strong probability means that
you are about 90 percent sure.
6. It‘s 10:00 a.m. He … in the office now.
a. must be b. may be
c. might be d. can be
1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ................. buy any.