PROBLEM SET 3.

(OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE)

1. Water is flowing at steady state through the reducing bend in the figure below. The angle α2 =
900 (a right-angle bend). The pressure at point 2 is 1.0 atm abs. The flow rate is 0.020 m3/s and
the diameters at points 1 and 2 are 0.050 m and 0.030 m, respectively. Neglect frictional and
gravitational forces. Calculate the resultant forces on the bend in newtons. Use ρ = 1000 kg/m3.
Answer: Ffs,x =450 N, Ffs,y =-565.8 N

2. Water is flowing at steady state and 363 K at a rate of 0.0566 m3/s through a 60° reducing bend
(α 2= 60°) as in no. 1. The inlet pipe diameter is 0.1016 m and the outlet 0.0762 m. The friction
loss in the pipe bend can be estimated as v22/5. Neglect gravity forces. The exit pressure p2=
111.5 kN/m2 gage. Calculate the forces on the bend in newtons. Answer: Ffs,x =1344 N, Ffs,y =-
1026 N

3. A free jet having a velocity of 30.5 m/s and a diameter of 5.08 x 10-2 m is deflected by a curved,
fixed vane as in the figure below. However, the vane is curved downward at an angle of 60°
instead of upward. Calculate the force of the jet on the vane. The density is 1000 kg/m3. Answer:
Ffs,x =942.8 N, Ffs,y =-1633 N

4. Water with a density of 998 kg/m3 enter a 50-mm pipe fitting horizontally, at a steady velocity of
1.0 m/s and a gauge pressure of 100 kN/m2. It leaves the fitting horizontally, at the same
elevation, at an angle of 450 with the entrance direction. The diameter of the outlet is 20 mm.
Assuming the fluid density is constant and the friction loss in the fitting is negligible, calculate
the gauge pressure at the exit of the fitting and (b) the forces in the x and y directions exerted
by the fitting on the fluid. Answer: 81.01 kPa, Fsf,x =-171. 7 N, Fsf,y =-26.64 N
5. Water enters a 100-mm-ID 900 elbow , positioned in a horizontal plane at a velocity of 6 m/s and
a pressure of 70 kPa gauge. Neglecting friction, what are the magnitude and the direction of the
force that must be applied to the elbow to keep it in position without moving? Answer: 81.01
kPa, Ffs,x =-831.7 N, Ffs,z =831.7 N

6. The figure below shows a smooth curved vane attached to a rigid foundation. The jet of water,
rectangular in section, 75 mm wide and 25mm thick, strike the vane with a velocity of 25m/s.
Calculate the vertical and horizontal components of the force exerted on the vane and indicate
in which direction these components act. Assume body and pressure forces zero. Answer: Ffs,x
=-233.4 N, Ffs,y =-1324.6 N

7. The outlet pipe from a pump is a bend of 450 rising in the vertical plane (i.e. and internal angle of
1350). The bend is 150mm diameter at its inlet and 300mm diameter at its outlet. The pipe axis
at the inlet is horizontal and at the outlet it is 1m higher. By neglecting friction, calculate the
force and its direction if the inlet pressure is 100kN/m2 and the flow of water through the pipe is
0.3m3/s. The volume of the pipe is 0.075m3. Do not neglect the body (gravity force). Answer:
13.94kN at 670 40’ to the horizontal]
8. Fluid issues from a long slot and strikes against a smooth inclined flat plate (see the Figure).
Determine the division of flow (q1 and q2) and the force R exerted on the plate, neglecting loss
due to impact. Data: θ = 60°, v0 = 10 m/s, q0 = 0.1 m3/s, ρ = 1000 kg/m3. Answer: 866.025 N

9. The force exerted by a 25mm diameter jet against a flat plate normal to the axis of the jet is
650N. What is the flow in m3/s? Answer: 0.018 m3/s