ng Nghé Thyc Phim Dai Cuong Céng nghé Sin Xudt Nude Twong MUC LUC Phan 1: TONG QUAN VE NUGC TUONG 1.1 Lich sit phat trién cia nude tuong: 1.2. Gia tri thye pham cia nuée twong: 1.3 Thanh phan héa hoc cia nuée twong: Phan 2: TONG QUAN VE NGUY! LL. Dau phéng (lac): 1.2, Kho dau phong: 1.3. Daunanh: 14, Kho du nanh: Acid chlohydrie (HC) Natri cacbonat (Na2CO3) Nude }. Mudi (NaCl) Chat phu gia Neuyén liu giau glucid Sinh khéi vi sinh vat 2.8 Enzyme protease trong cng nghé san xuat nude trong Phan 3: Quy TRINH VA CAC THIET BI MAY MOC TRONG QUA TRINH SAN XUAT roc TUONG: 3 a ng phép sin xudt nude tuong: g phurong phap axit: phuong php lén men: g phirong php enzymes: San xuAt nude tuong bing phuong phap két hyp {enzymes va HCL }. 3.4, 3.5. Phan 4: TIEU CHUAN CHAT LUQNG SAN PHAM VA CAC YEU TO ANH HUONG DEN CHAT LUQNG SAN PHAM 4.1. Tiéu chudn chat lugng sin phim 4.2 Cac yéuté anh huéng dén chat Iugng san phim Trang |Céng Nghé Thuc Phim Dai Cuong Céng nghé San Xudt Nude Twong NOI DUNG Phan 1: TONG QUAN VE NUOC TUONG: Céc logi nude chim lén men duge san xuat tir déu ninh cé mét lich sit san xudt lau ‘ing duge Lim ra truée rat nhiéu so véi cdc loai u cia nhigu nude cfing nhu cua Trung Quée déu u tién cua nude cham lén men dau nanh. Tir cdc nuée phuon, th 1én men Jan dan dén mt s6 nude phuong Tay. Tuy nhi nay méi duge nghién ctu d Lién X6 va sau dé phuong phap sin xuat nude chim lén men tir thye vat durge odin chinh va ph © Vigt Nam, made chm dgu nanh lén men, trade kia duge sin xuét chi yéu 6 mat s6 thanh phé dong ngudi Hoa. Trude day, dé tin dung cdc sin phim phy cia nginh céng nghiép céng nghiép thit, chang ta iu san xudt _maggi theo phuong php thay phan acid, Sau niy, ngudi ta nghién ctu vi sin xuét made chim bing phuong phap vi sinh (lén men). Neay nay, con nguai biét chon nhimg quy trinh céng nghé san xuét made tong phit hop véi khdu vj timg ving, ting din téc... Do dé ma nuéc twong mang nhiéu tén goi khéc nhau nhur maggi, xi diu, nuée chdm lén men, nude chim héa gidi . 1.2. Gid tri thue phim cia nude tong : Khi danh gid chat Iugng nuéc tuong vé phurong dién héa hoc, truéc hét nguoi tacha y dén lwong dam toan phan vi day chinh la chat dinh duéng cé gid tri nhat cia nude tuong. Tiép theo cin xem xét lugng dam amin. Tir hai lugng dam nay suy ra ty 1@dam amin déi voi dam toan phan cho biét mite dé thy phan protein trong nude tuong, ty 1@ nay cang cao cang tét, Trung binh ti 1é nay trong nude tuong lén men Kkhoang 50 - 60%. Ham lugng dam amin cao lam gid tri mi vj nuée trong duge nang lén 1.2.1, Thanh phan héa hge cia nuée trong: Chat lugng née tuong thay déi tay theo nguyén ligu, ty 1¢ phdi ché, phuong phap ché bién... Trong nuéc cham lén men con chita kha nhiéu duéng do tic dung cla men amylase cila méc én tinh bét. Nude cham con chita mot lugng chat béo, mét sé vitamin, mudi an va cae nguyén té vi lugng khdc. Vi vay, cdc loai nuée cham néu duge san xudt theo ding quy trinh ky thuét va duge bao quan tét sé cé mau sic dep, huong vj thom va 6 vi ngot ciia dam va dudmg BANG THANH PHAN HOA HOC CUA NUOC TUONG Thanh phan Ham lugng g/l Dam nite toan phan theo nite 15-21.6 Nito 85-13 Amoniae 1.0-2.0 Duong 14,5-15.3 Lipid 17.0-25.0 Muéi an NaCl 200-250 Acid (theo acid acetic) 2.0-8.0 Chat khé 325.0-387.0 Metionin 3.32 Lyzin 65 Phenyalanin 1.0 Trang 2Céng Nghé Thuc Phim Dai Cuong ng nghé San Xuat Nuéc Twong. pH 5.9 -6.2, khéi lugng ring nude tuong 1.01 - 1.04 gimL Ngoai ra, trong nuée tuong cin chia mét hrgng_nhé cdc vitamin nhém B, vai loai mudi khoang. 1.2.2. Acid amin: ‘rong nuéc tuong cé nhiéu acid amin nhuw arginin, methionin, tryptophan, tyrosin, valin, serin, glycin, hystidin, alanin, glutamic, asparagin... Nhimg acid amin nay cing v6i di, tri, tetra - peptid lam cho nuéc tuong c6 vj ngot cia dam va mui thom mii thit. Nude tuong san xuat theo phuong phap Ién men hau nhu gitr duge tat ca céc acid amin cé trong dau nanh, cén nude tuong sin xudt theo phuong phap héa giai thi cé ty 18 dam amin trén dam toan phn cao hon nuée tong lén men nén_ mii vj ngon hon, Tuy nhién, trong nuéc tuonghéa gidi mét sé acid amin bi phan hay, truéc hét 1a tryptophan sau d6 dén. lysin, cystein, arginin, Néu phan huy bang acid qué d6 thi m6t s6 acid amin bj phan hity thanh cde chat c6 mai héi nhu phenol, NH3, H2S... 1.2.3. During: Trong nude twong cé cdc loai dudng glucoza, fructoza, maltoza, pentoza, dextrin. Dudng cé vai tr quan trong trong vige hinh thanh mau sée nude tuong 1.2.4, Acid hitu c Cac acid hiru co cé trong nuée tuong quan hé mat thiét véi nhau tao huong vi dic trmg cia nuéc tuong. Trong dé, acid lactic chiém ham lwong nhigu nhat (chiém khoang 1.6%). Acid lactic tac dung véi nuéc tuong tao hgp chat lactat nhu lactat phenol. Ngodi ra cin cé acid acetic 0.2%, acid sucinic 0.087 - 0.16%,acid formic 0.05%, Mui cua cae acid nay tham gia tao vi cho nude tong. 1.2.5. Chat mau: Miu ciia nude tuong chi yéu do duéng két hop véi_ acid amin tgo nén. Mau cua nuée tuong lén men dugc hinh thanh dan dan tir mau vang dén mau nau nhat, cudi cing la ndu dgm, Sw hinh thanh. mau cia nude twang phy thuge vio ndng 46 duéng, acid amin va nhiét 9. Néu tang cudng phan img gitta acid amin véi dudng thi khéng cé Igi vi tgo ra melanoid. Melanoid 14 chat ma co thé khé hap thu va khi ndng d6 cia né cao sé lam. giam hwong vj ciia san phim. Mat khéc, qué trinh hinh thanh san phim mau nay gay ton that 1én acid amin. Dé han ché qué trinh nay, ta chon nguyén ligu cé ham lugng dudng thép, tranh ndng cao nhigt d6 va kéo dai thdi gian thay phan. 1.2.6. Thanh phan hwong thom: Mii ctia nuéc tuong la do téng hop cua rat nhiéu chat khac nhau tgo thanh. Mai ciia nude tong cé thé phin ra acid hitu co, rugu, aldehyde, thinh phan hyong thom cé hu huynh, phenol... Cu thé 1a cdc hgp chat hw acetaldehyde, propandehyde, butadehyde, valeraldehyde, ally! mecaptan, methyel _mecaptan, isobutan adehyde, dimelthy! capmetan, etyloleat... rugu ethylic, acid acetic, acid petanoie, acid propionic, acid benzoic, benzaldehyde... ¢6 huong thom ngii céc rang. Phan 2: TONG QUAN VE NGUYEN LIEU: 1, NGUYEN LIEU CHINH: 1.1 Dau phong (lac) Lac 1A Jogi néng sin nhigt 46i, tap trung nhiéu 6 cde muée Phi chau nhu : Gana Ghine, Cong G6, An D6... O Viét nam, lac trong nhiéu nhat 6 Nghé An, Nam Ha, Ha Bac ... Trang 3