Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. OPERATIONAL CHECKS
This procedure is designed so the service man can make a quick check of the steering system using
a minimum amount of diagnostic equipment. If you need additional information, prefer to structure
and function in group 1.
A location will be required which is level and has adequate space to complete the checks.
The engine and all other major components must be at operating temperature for some checks.
Locate system check in the left column and read completely, following this sequence from left to right.
Read each check completely before performing.
At the end of each check, if no problem is found(OK), that check is complete or an additional check is
needed. If problem is indicated(NOT OK), you will be give repair required and group location. If
verification is needed, you will be give next best source of information :
·Chapter 2 : Troubleshooting
·Group 3 : Tests and adjustments
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※Hydraulic oil must be at operating temperature for these checks(Refer to page 6-51).
Item Description Service action
A
are at maximum right(A) and then NOT OK
left(B) positions. Go to next check.
B
LOOK : Frames must move
smoothly in both directions.
When steering wheel is stopped,
frames must stop.
FEEL : Excessive effort must not
be required to turn steering wheel.
NOTE : It is normal for steering to
drift from stops when steering
wheel is released.
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2. TROUBLESHOOTING
※ Diagnose malfunction charts are arranged from most probable and simplest to verify, to least
likely, more difficult to verify. Remember the following steps when troubleshooting a problem :
Step 1. Operational check out procedure(See group 3 in section 1)
Step 2. Operational checks(In this group)
Step 3. Troubleshooting
Step 4. Tests and adjustments(See group 3)
No hydraulic functions Shorted boom lower solenoid valve Disconnect wires from solenoid valve and
steering normal ground wire or wrong ground wire check operation of hydraulics.
connected to solenoid.
Boom lower solenoid valve stuck in Remove and inspect solenoid valve.
actuated position
Faulty or misadjusted pilot supply unit Do pilot supply unit test in group 3.
valve
Stuck open system relief valve Replace relief valve.
Locked safety valve Unlock safety valve.
Plugged pilot line filter Inspect and replace.
Failed hydraulic pump Remove and inspect the pump.
Low secodary pressure of RCV Check the pressure and replace if
necessary.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Slow or hard steering Too much friction in the mechanical parts Lubricate bearings and joints of steering
of the machine column or repair if necessary.
Check steering column installation.
Cold oil Warm the hydraulic oil.
Low priority valve pressure setting Do priority valve pressure test in group 3.
Clean or replace cartridge in bottom of
priority valve.
Worn hydraulic pump Do hydraulic pump performance check .
Sticking priority valve spool Remove and inspect.
Broken priority valve spring Remove and inspect.
Pinched or restricted LS line Inspect line. Do priority valve LS port
flow test in group 5.
Constant steering to Air in system Check for foamy oil.
maintain straight travel
Leakage in steering system Do steering system leakage check.
Worn steering unit Do steering system leakage check.
Do steering unit neutral leakage test in
group 3.
Leaf spring without spring force or broken Replace leaf springs.
Spring in double shock valve broken Replace shock valve.
Gear wheel set worn Replace gear wheel set.
Cylinder seized or piston seals worn Replace defects parts.
Slow steering wheel Leakage in steering unit gerotor Do steering system leakage check.
movement will not cause
any frame movement Worn steering unit gerotor Do steering leakage check.
Steering wheel can be Leakage in steering system Do steering system leakage check.
turned with frames
against steering stop
Steering wheel turns with Broken steering column or splined Remove and inspect.
no resistance and causes coupling
no frame movement Start engine and check steering operation.
Lack of oil in steering unit
Do steering system leakage test in group
Leakage in steering system 3.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Steering unit locks up ★ Thermal shock Do priority valve LS port flow test in group
5. This oil flow provides a warm -up flow
to steering unit when not using the
steering.
Worn or damaged steering unit Repair or replace steering unit.
Abrupt steering wheel Improperly timed gerotor gear in steering Time gerotor gear.
oscillation unit
Vibration in steering High priority valve setting Do priority valve pressure test in group 3.
system or hoses jump
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Problem Cause Remedy
Neutral position of Steering column and steering unit out of Align the steering column with steering
steering wheel cannot be line unit.
obtained, i.e. there is a
Too little or no play between steering Adjust the play and, if necessary, shorten
tendency towards
column and steering unit input shaft the splines journal.
"motoring"
Pinching between inner and outer spools Contact the nearest service shop.
"Motoring" effect. Leaf springs are stuck or broken and Replace leaf springs.
The steering wheel can have therefore reduced spring force
turn on its own.
Inner and outer spools pinch, possibly Clean steering unit or contact the nearest
due to dirt service shop.
Return pressure in connection with the Reduce return pressure.
reaction between differential cylinder and
steering unit too high
Oil is needed in the tank Fill with clean oil and bleed the system.
Steering cylinder worn Replace or repair cylinder.
Gear wheel set worn Replace gear wheel set.
Spacer across cardan shaft forgotten Install spacer.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Steering wheel can be One or both shock valves are leaky or Clean or replace defective of missing
turned slowly in one or are missing in flow amplifier valves.
both directions without
the steered wheels
turning.
Steering is too slow and Insufficient oil supply to steering unit, Replace pump or increase number of
heavy when trying to turn pump defective or number of revolutions revolutions.
quickly. too low
Relief valve setting too low Adjust valve to correct setting.
Relief valve sticking owing to dirt Clean the valve.
Spool in priority valve sticking owing to Clean the valve, check that spool moves
dirt. easily without spring.
Too weak spring in priority valve Replace spring by a stronger.
"Kick back" in steering Fault in the system Contact authorized man or shop.
wheel from system. Kicks
from wheels.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Heavy kick-back in Wrong setting of cardan shaft and gear- Correct setting as shown in service
steering wheel in both wheel set manual.
directions.
Turning the steering Hydraulic hoses for the steering cylinders Connect lines to correct ports.
wheel activates the have been switched around
steered wheels opposite.
Hard point when starting Spring force in priority valve too weak Replace spring by a stronger.
to turn the steering wheel
Air in LS and / or PP pipes Bleed LS and PP pipes.
Clogged orifices in LS or PP side in Clean orifices in spool and in connecting
priority valve plugs for LS and PP.
Oil is too thick(Cold) Let motor run until oil is warm.
Too little steering force Pump pressure too low Correct pump pressure.
(Possibly to one side
Too little steering cylinder Fit a larger cylinder.
only).
Piston rod area of the differential cylinder Fit cylinder with thinner piston rod or 2
too large compared with piston diameter differential cylinders.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Amplification too large Dirty, leaky or missing check valve(10). Clean or replace check valve.
Clean and check that the piston moves
Piston(9A) sticks in the open position.
easily.
Amplification too small Piston(9A) sticks in the closed position. Clean and check that the piston moves
easily.
Piston(9A) incorrectly installed Rotate the piston 180°on its axis.
Heavy turning of steering Dirty orifices(34) in directional valve. Clean or replace orifice.
wheel and slow increase
Dirty orifices(35) in the combivalve spool. Clean or replace orifice.
of amplification
Dirty orifice(27) in housing. Clean or replace orifice.
Dirty orifice(36) in LS port. Clean or replace orifice.
Dirty orifice in throttle / check valve(31) in Clean or replace throttle/check valve.
PP port.
Dirty orifice(42) in priority valve. Clean or replace orifice.
No end stop in one or One or both shock valves(21) set too low. Setting takes a long time without special
both directions equipment. Contact the nearest service
shop.
Missing end stop plate(23) for directional Fit end stop plates.
valve.
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