1.

Consider two different flows over geometrically similar airfoil shapes, one airfoil being twice
the size of the other. The flow over the smaller airfoil has freestream properties given by
T∞ = 200K, ρ∞ = 1.23 kg/m3 and V∞ = 100 m/s. The flow over the larger airfoil is described by
T∞ = 800K, ρ∞ = 1.739 kg/m3 and V∞ = 200 m/s. Assume that both dynamic viscosity and
velocity of sound in the medium are proportional to √T. Are two flows dynamically similar?
2. Consider an executive jet transport patterned after the Cessna 560 Citation V. The airplane is
cruising at a velocity of 790km/hr at an altitude of 10,000 m, where the ambient air density is
0.4 kg/m3. The weight and wing planform areas of the airplane are 67000 N and 32 m 2,
respectively. The drag coefficient at cruise is 0.015. Calculate the lift coefficient and the lift-to-
drag ratio at cruise.
3. 3. The wings of a light aircraft use NACA 2412 aerofoil section for which the maximum lift
coefficient is 1.65. Calculate the stall speed in km/hr at an altitude of 8000m where the
atmospheric density and temperature are 0.526 kg/m3 and 236 K. The gross weight is 12 kN and
the wing planform area is 17 m2.
4. The Cessna 172 is the most successful mass-produced light aircraft in history. The
first production models were delivered in 1956. The wings of this aircraft use NACA
2412 aerofoil section for which the maximum lift coefficient is 1.7. Calculate the stall
speed in km/hr at an altitude of 7000m where the atmospheric pressure and
temperature are 4.11x104 N/m2 and 242.7 K. The gross weight is 10 kN and the wing
planform area is 16.2 m2. (3)
5. The shock waves on a vehicle in supersonic flight cause a component of drag called supersonic
𝐷𝑤
wave drag Dw. Define the wave-drag coefficient as 𝑐𝑑𝑤 = , where S is a suitable reference
𝑞∞ 𝑆

area for the body. In supersonic flight, the flow is governed in part by its thermodynamic
properties, given by the specific heats at constant pressure cp, and at constant volume cv. Using
𝑐𝑝
Buckingham's pi theorem, show that 𝑐𝑑𝑤 = 𝑓 (𝑀∞ , 𝑐 ). Neglect the influence of friction.
𝑣

6. Consider an infinitely thin flat plate with a 1 m chord at an angle of attack of 10 0, in

a supersonic flow. The pressure and shear stress distributions on the upper and lower
surfaces are given by𝑃𝑢 = 1𝑒5(𝑥 − 1)2 , 𝑃𝑙 = 4𝑒5(𝑥 − 1)2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜏𝑢 = 300(𝑥 − 2)2 ,
𝜏𝑙 = 100(𝑥 − 2)2 respectively, where x is the distance from the leading edge in
meters and P and τ are in N/m2. Calculate the normal and axial forces, the lift and
drag. (8)